191 lines
20 KiB
XML
191 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="888132CE009E17C9FD7E33BD17DD0EA6">A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E5FC13A3015C2A5A6FB486EAAE2A0FE">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A89B04CD9CFEE171F4EC749CB2760E74">Talukdar, Avishek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A113EE1FF388036E7C7E1CE8D18DF5F">Joshi, Rahul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB050463836A5F7D5A6F4C74870AE9AC">Kirti, Jagbir Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B602DDFC6FDA3723DAB270BBC04709B2">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EFB74C848230651ADAD23E3DBF922516">Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="02A2575F2787EEC101D1607D32FF8B75">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ECB57CE3C00D496FBDCD7DB0AFA7F5EB">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE710C673914CDBF706E488F4B47899E">2022-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A5166782522D4932973E3A927E817024">5197</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9E6154E8E0AABB211D919D605358A473">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="32B2DA2D209F1C749E68E06053BD3B46">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C57CC4D20719CC5A475BFE3AFC813CED" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C8791FFFF9800AFF7853C9FDD358CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7782008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7782008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8791FFFF9800AFF7853C9FDD358CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8791FFFF9800AFF7853C9FDD358CA" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFF9800BFF7853C9FEB458CF" box="[151,334,1938,1965]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF9800BFF7853C9FEB458CF" blockId="34.[151,334,1938,1965]" box="[151,334,1938,1965]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFF9800BFF7853C9FEB458CF" bold="true" box="[151,334,1938,1965]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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2.7.
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF9800BFF2753C8FEB458CF" ID-CoL="93MYC" ID-ENA="299370" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[200,334,1938,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontiinae">Odontiinae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFF9800AFF785380FDD358CA" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF9800AFF785380FE585EEA" blockId="34.[151,1437,2010,2037]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFF9800BFF785380FE2D5897" bold="true" box="[151,471,2010,2037]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diversity and distribution:</emphasis>
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present on all continents and continental islands, with the exception of
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFF9800BFB105381FA635896" box="[1279,1433,2011,2037]" name="New Zealand" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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. In cold or dry environments, the imagines are often diurnal (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF8800AFCAF54CDFBC15FD2" author="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A." box="[832,1083,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref297140" refString="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A. (1999) The Pyraloidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology section Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterfles. Walter de Gruyter, New York, pp. 233 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110804744.233" type="book chapter" year="1999">Munroe & Solis 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The subfamily comprises 388 species in 87 genera (Nuss
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFE2354E1FDFF5FB6" box="[460,517,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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2003–2022,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF8800AFD7654E1FCA55FB6" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[665,863,187,213]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">
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||
Léger
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFD0D54E1FCE15FB6" box="[738,795,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). From
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFF8800AFC5954E1FC085FB6" box="[950,1010,187,213]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
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, 27 species in 19 genera are reported, representing 6.95 % of the global diversity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFD5C5485FCC95F9A" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[691,819,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontiinae">Odontiinae</taxonomicName>
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. Of the 19 genera reported from
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFF8800AFB595485FB085F9A" box="[1206,1266,223,249]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
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||
, 11 genera are known by single species, and the remaining eight genera are known by fewer than 10 species (
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<figureCitation id="135AD48CFFF8800AFB405559FAF95E7E" box="[1199,1283,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="35.[152,255,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,426,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-135@35.[151,1436,417,1445]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 23. Species diversity of Indian Odontiinae genera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252336/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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). In
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFF8800AFADC5559FA955E7E" box="[1331,1391,259,285]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
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, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFF78557DFEE95E22" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,275,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontiinae">Odontiinae</taxonomicName>
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are most diverse in North East, followed by the Gangetic plain, and Deccan Peninsula. The remaining biogeographic zones have fewer species. No
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFD7D5511FCF45E06" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[658,782,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontiinae">Odontiinae</taxonomicName>
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are reported from the Desert and Trans-Himalaya biogeographic zones (
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<figureCitation id="135AD48CFFF8800AFEAE5535FE6C5EEA" box="[321,406,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="36.[152,255,1256,1280]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-18@36.[151,1436,181,1233]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 24. Species diversity of Indian Odontiinae in different biogeographic zones/zones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252340/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF1E9881FFF8800AFF7751E6FCF85AB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252336" box="[152,770,1468,1493]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252336/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[152,255,1468,1492]" targetBox="[161,1426,426,1435]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF8800AFF7751E6FCF85AB6" blockId="35.[152,770,1468,1493]" box="[152,770,1468,1493]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFF7751E6FEDF5AB7" bold="true" box="[152,293,1468,1492]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
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Species diversity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFE1551E6FDC15AB7" box="[506,571,1468,1492]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFDAE51E6FD485AB7" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[577,690,1468,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontiinae">Odontiinae</taxonomicName>
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genera.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF8800AFF285258FB1659B2" blockId="35.[151,1437,1538,1961]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFF285258FE66597E" bold="true" box="[199,412,1538,1565]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Adult characters:</emphasis>
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wings are pale with strong dark-grey brown borders. Dorsal angle of forewing is slightly falcate, sometimes with a tooth of scales, and 2A free or in a loop with 1A, like in
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFBCC527DFB535922" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[1059,1193,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyraustinae">Pyraustinae</taxonomicName>
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. In the male genitalia, the uncus is semimembranosus and bilobed, with lateral setae anteriorly directed. The gnathos with its spike-like median element is basally fused to the posterolateral tegumen margins. In the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFBDA5235FB4B59EA" box="[1077,1201,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eurrhypini">Eurrhypini</taxonomicName>
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, the vinculum exhibits a process at each ventrolateral angle bearing coremata. The valvae are more or less broadly rounded at the apex. The eighth abdominal sternite has specialized sclerites bearing androconia (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF8800AFC0952EDFB2559B2" author="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A." box="[998,1247,1719,1745]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref297140" refString="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A. (1999) The Pyraloidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology section Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterfles. Walter de Gruyter, New York, pp. 233 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110804744.233" type="book chapter" year="1999">Munroe & Solis 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF8800AFF285281FBA5585E" blockId="35.[151,1437,1538,1961]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFF285281FE525996" bold="true" box="[199,424,1755,1781]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Larval characters:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFE5E5281FD8D5996" authorityName="Denis & Schiffermuller" authorityYear="1775" box="[433,631,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Cynaeda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFE5E5281FD8D5996" box="[433,631,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cynaeda dentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
([Denis & Schiffermüller]),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFC2E5281FB3B5996" authority="(Hubner)" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" box="[961,1217,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Cynaeda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFC2E5281FBAB5996" box="[961,1105,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. pustulalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hübner)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFB145281FE7E587A" authority="(Treitschke)" baseAuthorityName="Treitschke" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Atratala" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albofascialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFB145281FF0E587A" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Atratala albofascialis</emphasis>
|
||
(Treitschke)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are leafminers and therefore have a very aberrant larval morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF8800AFB4B52A5FAA7587A" author="Hasenfuss, I." box="[1188,1373,1791,1817]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref280672" refString="Hasenfuss, I. (1960) Die Larvalsystematik der Zunsler (Pyralidae). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1960">Hasenfuss 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larvae of these species and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFDC65379FD29585E" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[553,723,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Titanio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFDC65379FD82585F" box="[553,632,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Titanio</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF8800AFC7C5379FBA0585E" author="Hasenfuss, I." box="[915,1114,1827,1853]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref280672" refString="Hasenfuss, I. (1960) Die Larvalsystematik der Zunsler (Pyralidae). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1960">Hasenfuss (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFF8800AFF28531DFDD358CA" blockId="35.[151,1437,1538,1961]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFF8800AFF28531DFEA65802" bold="true" box="[199,348,1863,1889]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Food plants:</emphasis>
|
||
larvae are generally leaf miners, whereas those of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFF8800AFC04531DFB995802" box="[1003,1123,1863,1889]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="tribe" tribe="Eurhypiini">Eurhypiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed on folded leaves, flowers and buds, and bore in fruits and stems. The range of host plants is wide, but dicotyledones are the most common food plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFF8800AFECC53D5FDE658CA" author="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A." box="[291,540,1935,1961]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref297140" refString="Munroe, E. G. & Solis, M. A. (1999) The Pyraloidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology section Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterfles. Walter de Gruyter, New York, pp. 233 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110804744.233" type="book chapter" year="1999">Munroe & Solis 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |