309 lines
32 KiB
XML
309 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5C7FA7091BC51AF73DFE191EEBBF4687">Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01639FFD6B495E10C68CACF38" authority="(Jerdon, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[427,915,555,580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
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<emphasis id="B940DB511639FFD6B495E10C69B8CF38" bold="true" box="[427,737,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Trichomyrmex destructor</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<paragraph id="8B8B07431639FFD6B77DE16969A2CF1B" blockId="47.[427,915,521,615]" box="[579,763,590,615]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130F1BC61639FFD6B775E16969E5CF1B" box="[587,700,590,615]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="48.[160,225,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[251,1065,142,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-1@48.[251,1065,142,1678]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figure 25. Trichomyrmex destructor. (a) Body in profile. (b) Head in full-face view, CASENT0746624, AntWeb.org, (Zach Lieberman). (c) Distribution map, blue circles from recent records, red circles from Collingwood et al. (2004)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184345/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Figure 25</figureCitation>
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(a–c))
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9521521639FFD6B59EE1A4694CCFE7" author="Jerdon TC" box="[160,533,643,667]" page="105" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" year="1851">
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<emphasis id="B940DB511639FFD6B59EE1A46A1DCFE7" box="[160,324,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Atta destructor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21639FFD6B472E1A4694CCFE7" author="Jerdon TC" box="[332,533,643,667]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" pagination="103 - 127" refId="ref19466" refString="Jerdon TC. 1851. A catalogue of the species of ants found in Southern India. Madras J Lit Sci. 17: 103 - 127." type="journal article" year="1851">Jerdon, 1851: 105</bibRefCitation>
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(w.)
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. Indomalaya.
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<subSubSection id="C32E54C81639FFD6B59EE1E16ABCCE8A" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B940DB511639FFD6B59EE1E16A4DCF9C" bold="true" box="[160,276,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B940DB511639FFD6B59EE1CC6BB4CE7F" box="[160,237,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Worker</emphasis>
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. Mandibles with three strong teeth; eyes relatively small, with four to six ommatidia in longest row; scapes when laid straight back from their insertions reaching posterior margin of head in smallest workers but falling short of margin in larger individuals; mesosoma in profile with promesonotum convex and metanotal groove impressed; petiolar node in dorsal view globular to subglobular; propodeal dorsum finely transversely striolate. Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole uniformly shining yellow or dull brownish yellow; gaster dark brown to blackish brown, with a conspicuous yellowish area mediobasally.
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<emphasis id="B940DB511639FFD6B59EE7066AD9C947" bold="true" box="[160,384,1057,1083]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Material examined</emphasis>
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, W. Sakhalof,
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<collectorName id="26C162951639FFD6B798E78969B5C9BA" box="[678,748,1198,1222]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Sharaf</collectorName>
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leg.),
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,
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(3 w,
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);
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<collectingCountry id="F32347D31639FFD6B5CBE7F76A1FC994" box="[245,326,1232,1256]" name="Yemen" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32347D31639FFD6B471E7F76AA9C994" box="[335,496,1232,1256]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
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||
, W. Ayhift,
|
||
<date id="FF8A21831639FFD6B755E7F76858C994" box="[619,769,1232,1256]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" value="2014-04-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1639FFD6B755E7F76858C994" box="[619,769,1232,1256]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" value="2014-04-20">20 April 2014</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
, 38 m, (M.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED259F861639FFD6B64EE7F768DAC994" box="[880,899,1232,1256]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C162951639FFD6B6B3E7F7688AC994" box="[909,979,1232,1256]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Sharaf</collectorName>
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||
leg.),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0061841639FFD6B12BE7F76BEAC877" degrees="12.61906" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" precision="1" value="12.61906">12.61906° N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0061841639FFD6B581E7D46A60C877" box="[191,313,1267,1291]" degrees="53.94005" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" precision="1" value="53.94005">53.94005°E</geoCoordinate>
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||
(13 w,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED259F861639FFD6B4B2E7D46A8BC877" box="[396,466,1267,1291]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">KSMA</collectionCode>
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);
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B5C0D1E1639FFD6B4DCE7D469B1C852" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3762058343" collectingDate="2014-04-22" collectingDateMax="2014-04-27" collectingDateMin="2014-04-19" collectionCode="R, KSMA" collectorName="Sharaf" country="Yemen" latitude="12.65023" location="Yemen" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="54.04016" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="F32347D31639FFD6B4DCE7D4696AC877" box="[482,563,1267,1291]" name="Yemen" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31639FFD6B700E7D46986C877" box="[574,735,1267,1291]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
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, Dehejamo,
|
||
<date id="FF8A21831639FFD6B654E7D46F5BC877" box="[874,1026,1267,1291]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" value="2014-04-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1639FFD6B654E7D46F5BC877" box="[874,1026,1267,1291]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" value="2014-04-22">
|
||
22 April
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCAAA61639FFD6B6F7E7D46F5BC877" box="[969,1026,1267,1291]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014563" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="2014563.0">2014</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 563 m, (M.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED259F861639FFD6B59EE6316BE8C852" box="[160,177,1302,1326]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C162951639FFD6B582E6316A5BC852" box="[188,258,1302,1326]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Sharaf</collectorName>
|
||
leg.),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0061841639FFD6B476E6316A93C852" box="[328,458,1302,1326]" degrees="12.59049" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" precision="1" value="12.59049">12.59049°N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0061841639FFD6B4E8E6316909C852" box="[470,592,1302,1326]" degrees="54.05205" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" precision="1" value="54.05205">54.05205°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(5 w,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED259F861639FFD6B7A6E6316987C852" box="[664,734,1302,1326]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">KSMA</collectionCode>
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);
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B5C0D1E1639FFD6B7D1E631688DC82C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3762058382" collectingDate="2014-04-22" collectingDateMax="2014-04-27" collectingDateMin="2014-04-19" collectionCode="R, CASC" collectorName="Sharaf" country="Yemen" latitude="12.65023" location="Yemen" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="54.04016" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="F32347D31639FFD6B7D1E6316819C852" box="[751,832,1302,1326]" name="Yemen" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31639FFD6B675E63168B4C852" box="[843,1005,1302,1326]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lehanoh,
|
||
<date id="FF8A21831639FFD6B156E6316A41C82C" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" value="2014-04-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1639FFD6B156E6316A41C82C" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" value="2014-04-22">
|
||
22 April
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCAAA61639FFD6B5E3E61F6A41C82C" box="[221,280,1336,1360]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014931" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="2014931.0">2014</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,931 m, (M.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED259F861639FFD6B4AEE61F6AFAC82C" box="[400,419,1336,1360]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C162951639FFD6B491E61F6AACC82C" box="[431,501,1336,1360]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Sharaf</collectorName>
|
||
leg.),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0061841639FFD6B702E61F69E7C82C" box="[572,702,1336,1360]" degrees="12.57583" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" precision="1" value="12.57583">12.57583°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0061841639FFD6B7F4E61F681CC82C" box="[714,837,1336,1360]" degrees="54.04836" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" precision="1" value="54.04836">54.04836°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(1 w,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED259F861639FFD6B6B0E61F6889C82C" box="[910,976,1336,1360]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">CASC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81639FFD6B59EE65B6870CB3F" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B07431639FFD6B59EE65B6A2EC8EA" blockId="47.[160,1155,1404,1603]" box="[160,375,1404,1430]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940DB511639FFD6B59EE65B6A2EC8EA" bold="true" box="[160,375,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">Geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B07431639FFD6B59EE6876870CB3F" blockId="47.[160,1155,1404,1603]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">
|
||
A widespread invasive species originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31639FFD6B616E6876806C8C4" box="[808,863,1440,1464]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21639FFD6B76CE6E4685CC8A7" author="Wetterer JK" box="[594,773,1475,1499]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" pagination="97 - 108" refId="ref21213" refString="Wetterer JK. 2009 b. Worldwide spread of the destroyer ant, Monomorium destructor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News. 12: 97 - 108." type="journal article" year="2009">Wetterer 2009b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), supposedly spread from central Asia west to north Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21639FFD6B4F5E6C1691DC882" author="Forel A" box="[459,580,1510,1534]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" pagination="369 - 407" refId="ref19107" refString="Forel A. 1909. Etudes myrmecologiques en 1909. Fourmis de Barbarie et de Ceylan. Nidification des Polyrhachis. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. 45: 369 - 407." type="journal article" year="1909">Forel 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21639FFD6B76CE6C16980C882" author="Sharaf MR" box="[594,729,1510,1534]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" refId="ref20539" refString="Sharaf MR 2006. Taxonomic and ecological studies on family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt including some protectorates with a study of some insect fauna associated with ant species [unpublished thesis]. Cairo: Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department; 340 pp." type="book" year="2006">Sharaf 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), southern Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21639FFD6B684E6C16F11C882" author="Ruzsky M" box="[954,1096,1510,1534]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref20245" refString="Ruzsky M. 1907. Murav' i Rossii. (Formicariae Imperii Rossici.). Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitete. 40: 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1907">Ruzsky 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Arabian Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21639FFD6B49DE52F6928CB5C" author="Collingwood CA" box="[419,625,1544,1568]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" pagination="230 - 302" refId="ref18149" refString="Collingwood CA. 1985. Hymenoptera: fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna Saudi Arabia. 7: 230 - 302." type="journal article" year="1985">Collingwood 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21639FFD6B743E52F6893CB5C" author="Collingwood CA & Agosti D" box="[637,970,1544,1568]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" pagination="300 - 385" refId="ref18173" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia. 15: 300 - 385." type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood and Agosti 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31639FFD6B119E52F6F0FCB5C" box="[1063,1110,1544,1568]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="363">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
it is reported from Key West and Tampa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21639FFD6B777E50C6844CB3F" author="Deyrup M & Davis L & Cover S" box="[585,797,1579,1603]" pageId="47" pageNumber="363" pagination="293 - 325" refId="ref18446" refString="Deyrup M, Davis L, Cover S. 2000. Exotic ants in Florida. Trans Am Entomol Soc. 126: 293 - 325." type="journal article" year="2000">Deyrup et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B57CB1626FFC9B59EE58A6AFBCB83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184345/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="364" startId="48.[160,225,1709,1732]" targetBox="[251,1065,142,1678]" targetPageId="48">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B07431626FFC9B59EE58A6AFBCB83" blockId="48.[160,1157,1709,1791]" pageId="48" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940DB511626FFC9B59EE58A6A50CBB8" bold="true" box="[160,265,1709,1732]" pageId="48" pageNumber="364">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01626FFC9B42FE58A6AA6CBB8" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[273,511,1709,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940DB511626FFC9B42FE58A6AA6CBB8" box="[273,511,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="364">Trichomyrmex destructor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (a) Body in profile. (b) Head in full-face view, CASENT0746624, AntWeb.org, (Zach Lieberman). (c) Distribution map, blue circles from recent records, red circles from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21626FFC9B59EE5CF6AC7CB83" author="Collingwood CA & Pohl H & Guesten R & Wranik W & Van Harten A" box="[160,414,1768,1791]" pageId="48" pageNumber="364" pagination="473 - 495" refId="ref18239" refString="Collingwood CA, Pohl H, Guesten R, Wranik W, Van Harten A. 2004. The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Arabia. 20: 473 - 495." type="journal article" year="2004">Collingwood et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81627FFC8B59EE3AB699CCCC0" pageId="49" pageNumber="365" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B07431627FFC8B59EE3AB694CCDDA" blockId="49.[160,1156,140,444]" box="[160,533,140,166]" pageId="49" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940DB511627FFC8B59EE3AB694CCDDA" bold="true" box="[160,533,140,166]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="365">Ecological and biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B07431627FFC8B59EE396699CCCC0" blockId="49.[160,1156,140,444]" pageId="49" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01627FFC8B59EE3966AF7CDB5" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[160,430,177,201]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940DB511627FFC8B59EE3966AF7CDB5" box="[160,430,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="365">Trichomyrmex destructor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the most successful invasive species on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31627FFC8B6DEE3966FD8CDB5" box="[992,1153,177,201]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="49" pageNumber="365">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, occupying diverse habitats. It was found nesting directly in soil under a rock. Several workers were found in leaf litter under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01627FFC8B763E3D16861CC72" authority="eragrostis" box="[605,824,246,270]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="49" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eragrostis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940DB511627FFC8B763E3D16861CC72" box="[605,824,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="365">Eragrostis eragrostis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01627FFC8B651E3D1688BCC72" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[879,978,246,270]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="49" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), where the soil was dry and rich in organic material. Several individuals were nesting under a rock in very moist, compact, clay soil. A nest was found under the bark of a dead rotten log located on a mountainside where a small stream was draining a mountain crest surrounded by diverse plant communities. Another nest series was found in leaf litter under a tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01627FFC8B46BE2836998CCC0" authority="Thunb" authorityName="Thunb" box="[341,705,420,444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="49" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940DB511627FFC8B46BE2836AB1CCC0" box="[341,488,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="365">Ficus cordata</emphasis>
|
||
Thunb (Moraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |