194 lines
21 KiB
XML
194 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="6B9649DEB8AB06A430773EA2F59D0AE6">
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<mods:title id="B8D1AED8D6657C886D9C48DC3C7518D0">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB4CC658634B476A156A8B3B9AEBAEDE">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A474D2892C1F42E7C562A156F6C79DC9">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="62E3BC06BC2B7976ABD4997AD178E020">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="444C0ACD2582BDF8EE1B495AA8FEC8E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DB187148D6B808479702819D3FDA0867">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3DC2862D031B171C31DB9AB7B56BE40B">5251</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03966A560F73C773BABF8BA5B4F9FDF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7704270" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F73C773BABF8BA5B4F9FDF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F73C773BABF8BA5B4F9FDF1" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F73C773BABF8BA5B738FF7D" box="[151,598,150,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F73C773BABF8BA5B738FF7D" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,573]" box="[151,598,150,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BABF8BA5B5A6FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,200,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">154.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BAF98BA4B73FFF7D" ID-CoL="6NBXZ" authority="Nemenz, 1968" authorityName="Nemenz" authorityYear="1968" box="[209,593,150,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moschiferi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BAF98BA4B4CFFF7D" bold="true" box="[209,417,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes moschiferi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BB818BA5B73FFF7D" author="Nemenz, H." box="[425,593,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref235136" refString="Nemenz, H. (1968) Ixodes moschiferi nov. spec. aus Nepal und seine Stellung unter den fissicoxaten Ixodes - Arten (Acari: Ixodoidea). Khumbu Himal, 3, 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="1968">Nemenz, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F73C773B8768BA5B7C4FF19" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F73C773B8768BA5B7C4FF19" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773B8D58BA5B62EFF7D" box="[765,832,151,177]" name="China" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">China</collectingCountry>
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(north), 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773B9EE8BA5B167FF7D" box="[966,1033,151,177]" name="Nepal" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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(north and central) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BEDD8BA5B0F6FF7D" author="Nemenz, H." box="[1269,1432,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref235136" refString="Nemenz, H. (1968) Ixodes moschiferi nov. spec. aus Nepal und seine Stellung unter den fissicoxaten Ixodes - Arten (Acari: Ixodoidea). Khumbu Himal, 3, 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="1968">Nemenz 1968</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BABF8B89B473FF19" author="Teng, K. F." box="[151,285,187,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="449 - 461" refId="ref258173" refString="Teng, K. F. (1982 a) Acarina: Ixodidae. In: Insects of Xizang (Tibet) Vol. II, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, pp. 449 - 461. [in Chinese, translation RR 2 by Robbins, F. M. Y.]" type="journal article" year="1982">Teng 1982a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BB008B89B48AFF19" author="Chen, Z. & Yang, X. & Bu, F. & Yang, X. & Yang, X. & Liu, J." box="[296,484,187,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Chen
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BB428B89B4CDFF19" box="[362,419,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BBC78B89B7F0FF19" author="Pun, S. K. & Guglielmone, A. A. & Tarragona, E. L. & Nava, S. & Maharjan, M." box="[495,670,187,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="526 - 534" refId="ref244332" refString="Pun, S. K., Guglielmone, A. A., Tarragona, E. L., Nava, S. & Maharjan, M. (2018) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Nepal: first record of Amblyomma varanense (Supino), with an update of species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 526 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.01.010" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Pun
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B80A8B89B734FF19" box="[546,602,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F73C773BAEF8BEDB4F9FDF1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F73C773BAEF8BEDB747FE8D" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Some Chinese records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BBC18BEDB7DEFF35" authorityName="Nemenz" authorityYear="1968" box="[489,688,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moschiferi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BBC18BEDB7DEFF35" box="[489,688,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes moschiferi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been published under the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BE728BEDB024FF34" authorityName="Teng" authorityYear="1973" box="[1114,1354,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rangtangensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BE728BEDB024FF34" box="[1114,1354,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes rangtangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BAD78A31B4A9FED1" authorityName="Nemenz" authorityYear="1968" box="[255,455,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moschiferi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BAD78A31B4A9FED1" box="[255,455,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes moschiferi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BBC68A31B715FED1" author="Teng, K. F." box="[494,635,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="46 - 53" refId="ref258288" refString="Teng, K. F. (1986) Studies on the genus Ixodes in China (Acari: Ixodidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 11, 46 - 53. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1986">Teng (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B8A08A31B610FED1" author="Camicas, J. L. & Hervy, J. P. & Adam, F. & Morel, P. C." box="[648,894,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref179770" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
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Camicas
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B8D98A31B645FED1" box="[753,811,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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(1998)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B9908A31B18CFED1" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. & Apanaskevich, D. A. & Petney, T. N. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Horak, I. G." box="[952,1250,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="311 - 327" refId="ref199296" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Robbins, R. G., Apanaskevich, D. A., Petney, T. N., Estrada-Pena, A. & Horak, I. G. (2009) Comments on controversial tick (Acari: Ixodida) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 48, 311 - 327. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 009 - 9246 - 2" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Guglielmone
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BE7A8A31B1E2FED1" box="[1106,1164,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, but treated as a valid species in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BB638A15B74BFE8D" author="Horak, I. G. & Camicas, J. L. & Keirans, J. E." box="[331,549,295,321]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="27 - 54" refId="ref208667" refString="Horak, I. G., Camicas, J. L. & Keirans, J. E. (2002) The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida): a world list of valid tick names. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 28, 27 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1025381712339" type="journal article" year="2002">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BBB08A15B4BEFE8D" box="[408,464,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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(2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F73C773BAEF8A79B4F9FDF1" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BAEF8A79B4D4FEA9" author="Camicas, J. L. & Hervy, J. P. & Adam, F. & Morel, P. C." box="[199,442,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref179770" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. & Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
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Camicas
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BB078A79B406FEA9" box="[303,360,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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(1998)
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</bibRefCitation>
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regarded
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773B8048A79B79DFEA9" authorityName="Nemenz" authorityYear="1968" box="[556,755,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moschiferi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B8048A79B79DFEA9" box="[556,755,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes moschiferi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as an Oriental species.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B9D78A79B199FEA9" author="Clifford, C. M. & Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J. E." box="[1023,1271,330,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="115 - 137" refId="ref183670" refString="Clifford, C. M., Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J. E. (1975 a) The Ixodes ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of Nepal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 115 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 12.1.115" type="journal article" year="1975">
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Clifford
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BE488A79B1F7FEA9" box="[1120,1177,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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(1975a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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stated that the
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<typeStatus id="548465E20F73C773BABF8A5DB5A9FE45" box="[151,199,367,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
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specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BB4E8A5DB741FE45" authorityName="Nemenz" authorityYear="1968" box="[358,559,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moschiferi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BB4E8A5DB741FE45" box="[358,559,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes moschiferi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, collected in Thâmi, Solokhumbu District,
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BE0E8A5DB107FE45" box="[1062,1129,367,393]" name="Nepal" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BE528A5DB070FE45" author="Nemenz, H." box="[1146,1310,367,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref235136" refString="Nemenz, H. (1968) Ixodes moschiferi nov. spec. aus Nepal und seine Stellung unter den fissicoxaten Ixodes - Arten (Acari: Ixodoidea). Khumbu Himal, 3, 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="1968">Nemenz 1968</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BF048A5DB5BDFE61" author="Pun, S. K. & Guglielmone, A. A. & Tarragona, E. L. & Nava, S. & Maharjan, M." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="526 - 534" refId="ref244332" refString="Pun, S. K., Guglielmone, A. A., Tarragona, E. L., Nava, S. & Maharjan, M. (2018) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Nepal: first record of Amblyomma varanense (Supino), with an update of species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 526 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.01.010" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Pun
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BF498A5DB0F3FE45" box="[1377,1437,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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), was found on a host at an altitude of
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<quantity id="4CC776A50F73C773B8A88AA1B7B9FE61" box="[640,727,403,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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, but
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B9258AA1B6D5FE61" author="Nemenz, H." box="[781,955,403,429]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref235136" refString="Nemenz, H. (1968) Ixodes moschiferi nov. spec. aus Nepal und seine Stellung unter den fissicoxaten Ixodes - Arten (Acari: Ixodoidea). Khumbu Himal, 3, 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="1968">Nemenz (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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clearly indicated that it was collected at an altitude of
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<quantity id="4CC776A50F73C773BB388A85B409FE1D" box="[272,359,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BB598A85B768FE1D" author="Teng, K. F." box="[369,518,439,465]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="449 - 461" refId="ref258173" refString="Teng, K. F. (1982 a) Acarina: Ixodidae. In: Insects of Xizang (Tibet) Vol. II, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, pp. 449 - 461. [in Chinese, translation RR 2 by Robbins, F. M. Y.]" type="journal article" year="1982">Teng (1982a)</bibRefCitation>
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listed Rangtang (northwestern Sichuan), Tibet and Qinghai as collection localities of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BA9F8AE9B410FE39" authorityName="Nemenz" authorityYear="1968" box="[183,382,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moschiferi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BA9F8AE9B410FE39" box="[183,382,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes moschiferi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and its synonym,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773B8678AE9B6A7FE39" authority="Teng, 1973" authorityName="Teng" authorityYear="1973" box="[591,969,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rangtangensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B8678AE9B62EFE38" box="[591,832,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes rangtangensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B96F8AE9B6A7FE39" author="Teng, K. F." box="[839,969,475,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="73 - 81" refId="ref257974" refString="Teng, K. F. (1973) Notes on some Chinese ticks of the genus Ixodes with descriptions of two new species (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 16, 73 - 81. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1973">Teng, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All these localities are regarded as lying within the Palearctic Region; consequently, we follow Guglielmone
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B9A58ACDB6AAFDD5" box="[909,964,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014, 2020) in treating
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BEFF8ACDB0F2FDD5" authorityName="Nemenz" authorityYear="1968" box="[1239,1436,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moschiferi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BEFF8ACDB0F2FDD5" box="[1239,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes moschiferi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a Palearctic species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |