393 lines
53 KiB
XML
393 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1B9536CB2648CEB2E28D330204CB524D">Revisiting the type of Cespitularia stolonifera Gohar, 1938 leads to the description of a new genus and a species of the family Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9215490B5BB7A57F7A83433484F36462">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAE10230F115E65DC54AFD14B33971A9">Van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="00BCE8AAF4069AA5AD5E769D9F461056">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. ofwegen @ yahoo. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C10CD87A53DD1B77FDB3FF1A5E7EB4C">Ruiz Allais, J. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E68AEB6D06A1CC9C7BB20C51176F94AC">Fundacion la Tortuga, Estado Anzoátegui, 6016, Venezuela. juanbioloogy @ googlemail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DB730FDC9756BB075456DFEF161DD66E">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FE5A8330223F1A9BB66054C4E5372A8E">Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA. mcfadden @ g. hmc. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E8E22BF5B7588ECB034A65D606588CBC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B7156B788BEB87E2A68861CF10A6DDDC">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039170654161FFCD5A82FF61F670F866" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4740960" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181875197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4740960" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039170654161FFCD5A82FF61F670F866" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039170654161FFCD5A82FF61F670F866" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5A82FF61F778FF2B" blockId="3.[151,565,223,286]" box="[151,565,223,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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<heading id="D0CF761F4161FFCD5A82FF61F778FF2B" bold="true" box="[151,565,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD5A82FF61F778FF2B" ID-CoL="874VB" authority="(Gohar, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Gohar" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[151,565,223,250]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Unomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
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<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5A82FF61F778FF2B" bold="true" box="[151,565,223,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5A82FF61F4CFFF28" bold="true" box="[151,386,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Unomia stolonifera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9BC824161FFCD5B87FF61F760FF2B" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[402,557,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="483 - 487" refId="ref7176" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1938) On a new species of Cespitularia and two invalid species of Xenia and Clavularia. Journal of Zoology, B 108, 483 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1938. tb 08526. x" type="journal article" year="1938">Gohar, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32292F84161FFCD5A82FEBDF5B2FECC" box="[151,255,259,286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5A82FEBDF5B2FECC" blockId="3.[151,565,223,286]" box="[151,255,259,286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5A82FEBDF5B2FECC" box="[151,255,259,286]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,587,611]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1166,1190]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox-0="[232,1356,181,1830]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1434,182,560]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1434,673,1143]" captionTargetBox-3="[153,1433,1254,1956]" captionTargetBox-4="[163,1428,182,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@4.[232,1356,181,1834]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@5.[151,1436,181,563]" captionTargetId-2="figure-62@5.[151,1436,671,1143]" captionTargetId-3="figure-92@5.[151,1436,1251,1958]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@6.[160,1428,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (A) Type BMNH 1889.5.27 consists of five colonies attached by a spreading membrane to skeleton fragments of branched Acropora stony coral; (B) Same type colonies viewed from the opposite side showing the spreading membrane. The colonies ramify into short branches, each with a polyp-bearing region. Individual polyps are also found on the branches below the polypary; (C) RMNH.COEL. 42436 and (D). RMNH.COEL. 42437 from Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E) ZMTAU Co. 38081 from Valle Seco, Bahia Conoma, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. All scale bars 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) type BMNH 1889.5.27. (A) Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; (B) Tips of dendritic rods on the surface of the platelet." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (RMNH.COEL. 42436). Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured composed of dendritic calcite rods." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (ZMTAU Co. 38081). (A) Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; (B) Tips of dendritic rods on the surface of the platelet." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Live colonies of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) on the reef of Vale Seco, Cunamá Bay, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. (A) Colonies with distinct polyp-bearing region; (B) Polyp featuring elongate dark brown tentacles due to the symbiotic zooxanthellae; (C–D) Individual polyps found below the level of the polyp-bearing region." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709509" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709511" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709513" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709515" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709517" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4709509/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4709511/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4709513/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4709515/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4709517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32292F84161FFCD5A82FEF6F1D7FE8D" box="[151,1178,327,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5A82FEF6F1D7FE8D" blockId="3.[151,1178,327,352]" box="[151,1178,327,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28E65D4161FFCD5A82FEF6F1D7FE8D" box="[151,1178,327,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A99E7624161FFCD5A82FEF6F73AFE8D" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[151,631,327,352]" page="485" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" year="1938">
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<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD5A82FEF6F73AFE8D" ID-CoL="84JRC" authority="Gohar, 1938: 483 - 485" authorityName="Gohar" authorityPageNumber="483 - 485" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,631,327,352]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Cespitularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
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<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5A82FEF6F4C7FEB2" box="[151,394,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Cespitularia stolonifera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9BC824161FFCD5B85FEF6F73AFE8D" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[400,631,327,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="483 - 487" refId="ref7176" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1938) On a new species of Cespitularia and two invalid species of Xenia and Clavularia. Journal of Zoology, B 108, 483 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1938. tb 08526. x" type="journal article" year="1938">Gohar, 1938: 483–485</bibRefCitation>
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, plate I, fig. 1;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A99E7624161FFCD5905FEF6F68AFE8D" author="Utinomi, H." box="[784,967,327,352]" page="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9BC824161FFCD5905FEF6F68AFE8D" author="Utinomi, H." box="[784,967,327,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="7 - 17" refId="ref8922" refString="Utinomi, H. (1950) Some Xeniid Alcyonarians from Japan and Adjacent Localities. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 1, 7 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 174440" type="journal article" year="1950">Utinomi 1950: 16</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A99E7624161FFCD59C7FEF6F1DBFE8D" author="Utinomi, H." box="[978,1174,327,352]" page="305" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9BC824161FFCD59C7FEF6F1DBFE8D" author="Utinomi, H." box="[978,1174,327,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="303 - 312" refId="ref9006" refString="Utinomi, H. (1959) Fleshy alcyonaceans from southern Formosa. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 7, 303 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 174638" type="journal article" year="1959">Utinomi 1959: 305</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32292F84161FFCD5A82FE33F6ECFD8E" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5A82FE33F6ECFD8E" blockId="3.[151,1437,397,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5A82FE33F44BFE75" bold="true" box="[151,262,397,423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B50CB2E4161FFCD5B1AFE30F01DFE7A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107366303" box="[271,1360,397,425]" collectingDate="1889-05-27" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Amboina & H. M. S. Challenger" country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5B1AFE30F495FE75" bold="true" box="[271,472,397,424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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<typeStatus id="54837FD14161FFCD5B1AFE30F401FE7A" box="[271,332,398,424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F32F81E34161FFCD5B4FFE33F49EFE75" box="[346,467,397,423]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5BF4FE30F778FE7A" box="[481,565,398,424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">BMNH</collectionCode>
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<collectingDate id="EFC21E5B4161FFCD582BFE30F7FDFE7B" box="[574,688,398,425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" value="1889-05-27">1889.5.27</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26CDA4A54161FFCD58A9FE30F66AFE7A" box="[700,807,398,424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Amboina</collectorName>
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, st. 233, shallow water, coll.
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<collectorName id="26CDA4A54161FFCD5E6CFE30F01DFE7A" box="[1145,1360,398,424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">H.M.S. Challenger</collectorName>
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, 1889.
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||
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<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5A82FE0FF746FE19" bold="true" box="[151,523,433,459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
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Additional material.
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<collectingCountry id="F32F81E34161FFCD5B83FE0FF746FE19" box="[406,523,433,459]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5809FE0CF739FE1E" box="[540,628,434,460]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5862FE0CF789FE1E" box="[631,708,434,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">COEL</collectionCode>
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. 42436, SW
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<collectingRegion id="49FC0F914161FFCD594FFE0CF68FFE1E" box="[858,962,434,460]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE35B094161FFCD59C5FE0CF1A9FE1E" box="[976,1252,434,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Spermonde Archipelago</collectingMunicipality>
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, west of
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(=
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<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5B32FE68F43CFE22" box="[295,369,470,496]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of Ujungpandang
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5885FE68F796FE23" box="[656,731,470,497]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="925" value="-4.9666667">
|
||
4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4D6C3B4161FFCD588BFE68F7EBFE36" attach="none" box="[670,678,470,484]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">o</superScript>
|
||
58’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD58F1FE68F603FE22" box="[740,846,470,496]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="925" value="119.2">
|
||
119
|
||
<superScript id="7C4D6C3B4161FFCD5918FE68F658FE36" attach="none" box="[781,789,470,484]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">o</superScript>
|
||
12’E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, coral reef, scuba diving,
|
||
<date id="FF86E7B34161FFCD5E6DFE68F058FE22" box="[1144,1301,470,496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" value="1994-05-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC21E5B4161FFCD5E6DFE68F058FE22" box="[1144,1301,470,496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" value="1994-05-27">27 May 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26CDA4A54161FFCD5F37FE68F0D0FE22" box="[1314,1437,470,496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Bug. Prog.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5A82FE44F40BFDC6" box="[151,326,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">UNHAS-NNM</collectionCode>
|
||
. coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CDA4A54161FFCD5B9BFE44F70BFDC6" box="[398,582,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">B.W. Hoeksema</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26CDA4A54161FFCD587AFE44F60DFDC6" box="[623,832,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">L.P. van Ofwegen</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B50CB2E4161FFCD595BFE44F0D5FDEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107366315" collectingDate="2012-11-28" collectionCode="RMNH, COEL, ZMTAU" collectorName="Juan P. Ruiz Allais" country="Indonesia" county="Co." elevation="5" location="Bahia Conoma" municipality="Valle Seco" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sucre">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD595BFE44F6EBFDC6" box="[846,934,506,532]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD59BFFE44F6BAFDC6" box="[938,1015,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">COEL</collectionCode>
|
||
. 42437 details as above;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5F0EFE44F0D1FDC6" bold="true" box="[1307,1436,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD5F0EFE44F0D5FDC6" authority="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[1307,1432,506,532]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Venezuela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Venezuela</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5A82FDA0F5B5FDEA" box="[151,248,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E6B9FF4161FFCD5AEAFDA0F46AFDEA" box="[255,295,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
38081,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE35B094161FFCD5B95FDA0F4B5FDEA" box="[384,504,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Valle Seco</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE797A84161FFCD5816FDA0F7E0FDEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039170654161FFCD5A82FF61F670F866:8EE797A84161FFCD5816FDA0F7E0FDEA" box="[515,685,542,568]" country="Indonesia" county="Co." municipality="Valle Seco" name="Bahia Conoma" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" stateProvince="Sucre">Bahia Conoma</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE797A84161FFCD58A2FDA0F64EFDEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039170654161FFCD5A82FF61F670F866:8EE797A84161FFCD58A2FDA0F64EFDEA" box="[695,771,542,568]" country="Indonesia" county="Co." municipality="Valle Seco" name="Estado" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" stateProvince="Sucre">Estado</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FC0F914161FFCD591CFDA0F601FDEA" box="[777,844,542,568]" country="Venezuela" name="Sucre" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Sucre</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5942FDA0F6D2FDEA" box="[855,927,542,568]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001526404161FFCD5942FDA0F6D2FDEA" box="[855,927,542,568]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF86E7B34161FFCD59BFFDA0F1C9FDEA" box="[938,1156,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" value="2012-11-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC21E5B4161FFCD59BFFDA0F1C9FDEA" box="[938,1156,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" value="2012-11-28">28 November 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CDA4A54161FFCD5ED0FDA0F0D5FDEA" box="[1221,1432,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Juan P. Ruiz Allais</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B50CB2E4161FFCD5A82FDFCF6D0FD8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107366307" box="[151,925,578,604]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" country="Indonesia" location="Co." pageId="3" pageNumber="333" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Sucre">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3E0AFA4161FFCD5A82FDFCF408FD8E" box="[151,325,578,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5B45FDFCF4FCFD8E" box="[336,433,578,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8EE797A84161FFCD5BACFDFCF4ACFD8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039170654161FFCD5A82FF61F670F866:8EE797A84161FFCD5BACFDFCF4ACFD8E" box="[441,481,578,604]" country="Indonesia" name="Co." pageId="3" pageNumber="333" stateProvince="Sucre">Co.</location>
|
||
38082 details as above,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3E0AFA4161FFCD58E1FDFCF6D0FD8E" box="[756,925,578,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32292F84161FFCD5AD2FDDBF6C1F96A" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5AD2FDDBF7B0FC16" blockId="3.[151,1437,397,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5AD2FDDBF414FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,345,613,639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54837FD14161FFCD5B82FDD8F487FD52" box="[407,458,614,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, BMNH
|
||
<date id="FF86E7B34161FFCD5823FDD8F7E5FD53" box="[566,680,614,641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" value="1889-05-27">1889.5.27</date>
|
||
, consists of four soft colonies attached by a spreading membrane to a skeleton fragment of branched
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD5839FD34F7DBFD76" box="[556,662,650,676]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5839FD34F7DBFD76" box="[556,662,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Acropora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stony coral and an additional colony similarly attached to a smaller fragment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5B1EFD10F42EFD1A" box="[267,355,686,712]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[232,1356,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (A) Type BMNH 1889.5.27 consists of five colonies attached by a spreading membrane to skeleton fragments of branched Acropora stony coral; (B) Same type colonies viewed from the opposite side showing the spreading membrane. The colonies ramify into short branches, each with a polyp-bearing region. Individual polyps are also found on the branches below the polypary; (C) RMNH.COEL. 42436 and (D). RMNH.COEL. 42437 from Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E) ZMTAU Co. 38081 from Valle Seco, Bahia Conoma, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. All scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709509/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), each measuring approximately 3 X
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5916FD10F673FD1A" box="[771,830,686,712]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
. The spreading membrane overgrowing the calcareous substrate is clearly presented in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5BEEFD6CF71CFD3E" box="[507,593,722,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[232,1356,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (A) Type BMNH 1889.5.27 consists of five colonies attached by a spreading membrane to skeleton fragments of branched Acropora stony coral; (B) Same type colonies viewed from the opposite side showing the spreading membrane. The colonies ramify into short branches, each with a polyp-bearing region. Individual polyps are also found on the branches below the polypary; (C) RMNH.COEL. 42436 and (D). RMNH.COEL. 42437 from Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E) ZMTAU Co. 38081 from Valle Seco, Bahia Conoma, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. All scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709509/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
, in which the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54837FD14161FFCD58F8FD6CF650FD3E" box="[749,797,722,748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
colonies are viewed from the opposite side. The colonies ramify into a number of short branches up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5885FD48F644FCC2" box="[656,777,758,785]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="12.0">12–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, each with a polyp-bearing region on their upper part. Individual polyps are also found on the branches or on the stalk thus indicating the diffuse nature of the polypiferous part of the colony. Some of the polyps are damaged, mostly having lost their tentacles. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5A82FCDCF45DFCAE" box="[151,272,866,892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and the tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD585AFCDCF7E6FCAE" box="[591,683,866,893]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The pinnules are arranged in 3 rows and occasionally 2 rows, with
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5AC4FC38F47BFC72" box="[209,310,902,929]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.461" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="in" value="21.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="18.0">18–25 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row. The pinnules are almost completely contracted,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5E2EFC38F1DEFC72" box="[1083,1171,902,929]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with an approximately one pinnule-wide space between adjacent ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5AD2FC70F408FB86" blockId="3.[151,1437,397,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
The sclerites are ellipsoid platelets, highly abundant in all parts of the colony, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5EB7FC70F1ACFC3B" box="[1186,1249,974,1001]" degrees="0.012" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="0.012">0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5EF7FC70F063FC3B" box="[1250,1326,974,1001]" degrees="0.015" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="-0.015">–0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5F5AFC70F445FBDE" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="0.0195" valueMax="0.021" valueMin="0.018">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5F5AFC70F0C3FC3A" box="[1359,1422,974,1000]" degrees="0.018" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="0.018">0.018</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5F9BFC70F59BFBDE" degrees="0.021" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="-0.021">– 0.021</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5B8EFC4CF4B9FBDE" box="[411,500,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,587,611]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,182,560]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[151,1436,181,563]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) type BMNH 1889.5.27. (A) Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; (B) Tips of dendritic rods on the surface of the platelet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709511/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are composed of calcite rods, uniform in diameter of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5EC2FC4CF0D5FBDE" box="[1239,1432,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="0.0015" valueMax="0.002" valueMin="0.001">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5EC2FC4CF058FBDE" box="[1239,1301,1010,1036]" degrees="0.001" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="0.001">0.001</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5F00FC4CF029FBDE" box="[1301,1380,1010,1036]" degrees="0.002" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="-0.002">–0.002</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, and the tips of the rods are perpendicular to the surface of the sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD59B5FBA8F6BAFBE2" box="[928,1015,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,587,611]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,182,560]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[151,1436,181,563]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) type BMNH 1889.5.27. (A) Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; (B) Tips of dendritic rods on the surface of the platelet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709511/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="54837FD14161FFCD5F1FFBA8F077FBE2" box="[1290,1338,1046,1072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material is cream-white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5AD2FBE0F154FAA6" blockId="3.[151,1437,397,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B50CB2E4161FFCD5AD2FBE0F7A9FA82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107366311" collectionCode="RMNH, COEL" latitude="0.015" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-0.021" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5AD2FBE0F452FBAA" box="[199,287,1118,1144]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5B37FBE0F422FBAA" box="[290,367,1118,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">COEL</collectionCode>
|
||
. 42436, is a flattened, very soft colony,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD592EFBE0F639FBAA" box="[827,884,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD59FDFBE0F16CFBAA" box="[1000,1057,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and attached to calcareous fragments by a spreading membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5854FB3CF7D4FB4E" box="[577,665,1154,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[232,1356,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (A) Type BMNH 1889.5.27 consists of five colonies attached by a spreading membrane to skeleton fragments of branched Acropora stony coral; (B) Same type colonies viewed from the opposite side showing the spreading membrane. The colonies ramify into short branches, each with a polyp-bearing region. Individual polyps are also found on the branches below the polypary; (C) RMNH.COEL. 42436 and (D). RMNH.COEL. 42437 from Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E) ZMTAU Co. 38081 from Valle Seco, Bahia Conoma, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. All scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709509/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its stalk is split into 5–6 short branches, each featuring a cluster of polyps; individual polyps are also found on the branches below these clusters. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5F00FB18F029FB12" box="[1301,1380,1190,1216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and the tentacles are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5BAAFB74F743FB36" box="[447,526,1226,1253]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The pinnules are arranged mostly in 3 rows, or rarely in 2 rows, with 18–24 pinnules in the outermost row, exhibiting a gap of up to a pinnule-width between adjacent ones. Some pinnules are contracted and the fully extended ones are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD58D3FAACF644FAFE" box="[710,777,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The sclerites resemble those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54837FD14161FFCD5EFDFAACF056FAFE" box="[1256,1307,1298,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, measuring 0.010–0.015 X
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5B50FA88F74EFA82" box="[325,515,1334,1361]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="0.018" valueMax="0.021" valueMin="0.015">0.015–0.021 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5883FA88F797FA82" box="[662,730,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1166,1190]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,673,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[151,1436,671,1143]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (RMNH.COEL. 42436). Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured composed of dendritic calcite rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. RMNH.COEL.42437 differs from RMNH.COEL.42436 only in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5AFAFAE4F405FAA6" box="[239,328,1370,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[232,1356,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (A) Type BMNH 1889.5.27 consists of five colonies attached by a spreading membrane to skeleton fragments of branched Acropora stony coral; (B) Same type colonies viewed from the opposite side showing the spreading membrane. The colonies ramify into short branches, each with a polyp-bearing region. Individual polyps are also found on the branches below the polypary; (C) RMNH.COEL. 42436 and (D). RMNH.COEL. 42437 from Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E) ZMTAU Co. 38081 from Valle Seco, Bahia Conoma, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. All scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709509/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both ethanol-preserved colonies are light beige-white in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5AD2FAC0F06BF9FA" blockId="3.[151,1437,397,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B50CB2E4161FFCD5AD2FAC0F4EFFA4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107366308" box="[199,418,1406,1432]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" specimenCode="CO 38081" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5AD2FAC0F465FA4A" box="[199,296,1406,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9E69084161FFCD5B3AFAC0F4EFFA4A" box="[303,418,1406,1432]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">CO 38081</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
consists of four Venezuelan colonies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5959FAC0F6ECFA4A" box="[844,929,1406,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[232,1356,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (A) Type BMNH 1889.5.27 consists of five colonies attached by a spreading membrane to skeleton fragments of branched Acropora stony coral; (B) Same type colonies viewed from the opposite side showing the spreading membrane. The colonies ramify into short branches, each with a polyp-bearing region. Individual polyps are also found on the branches below the polypary; (C) RMNH.COEL. 42436 and (D). RMNH.COEL. 42437 from Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E) ZMTAU Co. 38081 from Valle Seco, Bahia Conoma, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. All scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709509/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Their morphology resembles the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54837FD14161FFCD5F33FAC0F01BFA4A" box="[1318,1366,1406,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, featuring a diffused polypiferous part of the colonies. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5E59FA1CF1D0FA6E" box="[1100,1181,1442,1469]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and the tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5ACDFA78F465FA32" box="[216,296,1478,1504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, bearing pinnules arranged in 3 rows with 20–25 pinnules in the outermost row and a gap of up to a pinnule-width between adjacent ones. The sclerites also resembles those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54837FD14161FFCD5E29FA54F122F9D6" box="[1084,1135,1514,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5EE0FA54F079F9D6" box="[1269,1332,1514,1540]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5F21FA54F0CCF9D6" box="[1332,1409,1514,1540]" degrees="0.017" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="-0.017">–0.017</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="4CC06C964161FFCD5A82F9B0F41BF9FA" box="[151,342,1550,1577]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1499999999999995" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="0.0215" valueMax="0.025" valueMin="0.018">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5A82F9B0F59BF9FB" box="[151,214,1550,1577]" degrees="0.018" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="0.018">0.018</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0CA7B44161FFCD5AC3F9B0F469F9FB" box="[214,292,1550,1577]" degrees="0.025" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" precision="55" value="-0.025">–0.025</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5BFEF9B0F77DF9FA" box="[491,560,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,1254,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-92@5.[151,1436,1251,1958]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (ZMTAU Co. 38081). (A) Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; (B) Tips of dendritic rods on the surface of the platelet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709515/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B50CB2E4161FFCD5850F9B0F689F9FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107366302" box="[581,964,1550,1577]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" specimenCode="CO 38082" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5850F9B0F7EBF9FA" box="[581,678,1550,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9E69084161FFCD58B8F9B0F66CF9FA" box="[685,801,1550,1576]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">CO 38082</specimenCode>
|
||
(not depicted)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B50CB2E4161FFCD5E57F9B0F06FF9FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107366306" box="[1090,1314,1550,1576]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" specimenCode="CO 38081" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2959B64161FFCD5E57F9B0F1EEF9FA" box="[1090,1187,1550,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9E69084161FFCD5EBFF9B0F06FF9FA" box="[1194,1314,1550,1576]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">CO 38081</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5AD2F98CF6C1F96A" blockId="3.[151,1437,397,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Underwater photographs of live colonies taken at Valle Seco, Bahia Conoma, Estado
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FC0F914161FFCD5E9CF98CF181F99E" box="[1161,1228,1586,1612]" country="Venezuela" name="Sucre" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Sucre</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD5EC3F98CF001F99E" authority="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[1238,1356,1586,1612]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Venezuela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Venezuela</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reveal the diffuse nature of the polypiferous part of the colonies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5926F9E8F6C2F9A3" box="[819,911,1622,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,182,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[160,1428,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live colonies of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) on the reef of Vale Seco, Cunamá Bay, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. (A) Colonies with distinct polyp-bearing region; (B) Polyp featuring elongate dark brown tentacles due to the symbiotic zooxanthellae; (C–D) Individual polyps found below the level of the polyp-bearing region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The live polyps feature elongate dark brown tentacles due to the symbiotic zooxanthellae as well numerous sclerites as presented in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5E66F9C4F186F947" box="[1139,1227,1658,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,182,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[160,1428,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live colonies of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) on the reef of Vale Seco, Cunamá Bay, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. (A) Colonies with distinct polyp-bearing region; (B) Polyp featuring elongate dark brown tentacles due to the symbiotic zooxanthellae; (C–D) Individual polyps found below the level of the polyp-bearing region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
. Individual polyps are found on the stalk, below the level of the polypary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303DDF64161FFCD5911F920F632F96A" box="[772,895,1694,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,182,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[160,1428,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live colonies of Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) on the reef of Vale Seco, Cunamá Bay, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. (A) Colonies with distinct polyp-bearing region; (B) Polyp featuring elongate dark brown tentacles due to the symbiotic zooxanthellae; (C–D) Individual polyps found below the level of the polyp-bearing region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32292F84161FFCD5AD2F97CF66AF842" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5AD2F97CF66AF842" blockId="3.[151,1437,397,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5AD2F97CF476F90E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The material from Sulawesi (RMNH.COEL. 42436, 42437) resembles the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54837FD14161FFCD5E87F97CF18FF90E" box="[1170,1218,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD5EFFF97DF009F90E" authority="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[1258,1348,1731,1756]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Unomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5EFFF97DF009F90E" box="[1258,1348,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Unomia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5F59F97CF0D0F90E" bold="true" box="[1356,1437,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FA01A4161FFCD5F59F97CF0D0F90E" box="[1356,1437,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BMNH
|
||
<date id="FF86E7B34161FFCD5AEEF958F43DF8D3" box="[251,368,1766,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" value="1889-05-27">1889.5.27</date>
|
||
). Notably, the invasive xeniid from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD58EBF958F639F8D2" authority="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[766,884,1766,1792]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Venezuela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Venezuela</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was originally identified as a “xeniid with close genetic affinities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD5BD5F8B5F61FF8F6" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[448,850,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5BD5F8B5F7E7F8F6" box="[448,682,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Xenia membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9BC824161FFCD58A6F8B4F61FF8F6" author="Schenk, A." box="[691,850,1802,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref8599" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9164" type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’’ (Ruiz Allais
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD59ECF8B5F160F8F6" box="[1017,1069,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014), matches well the above material. The freshly collected and ethanol-preserved specimens from that site enabled the molecular analysis and placement of the species in the phylogenetic tree. Consequently, the taxonomic status of this peculiar invasive soft coral is now confirmed to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD5BCAF8C9F66FF842" authority="(Gohar, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Gohar" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[479,802,1910,1936]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Cespitularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5BCAF8C9F736F842" box="[479,635,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">U. stolonifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9BC824161FFCD589FF8C8F657F842" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[650,794,1910,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" pagination="483 - 487" refId="ref7176" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1938) On a new species of Cespitularia and two invalid species of Xenia and Clavularia. Journal of Zoology, B 108, 483 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1938. tb 08526. x" type="journal article" year="1938">Gohar, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32292F84161FFCD5AD2F827F670F866" box="[199,829,1945,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87C1734161FFCD5AD2F827F670F866" blockId="3.[151,1437,397,1973]" box="[199,829,1945,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C1D614161FFCD5AD2F827F42CF861" bold="true" box="[199,353,1945,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F81E34161FFCD5B72F824F499F866" box="[359,468,1946,1972]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F81E34161FFCD5BF6F824F776F866" box="[483,571,1946,1972]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FC0F914161FFCD5852F824F7FDF867" box="[583,688,1946,1973]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="3" pageNumber="333">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38BAF04161FFCD58D6F824F677F866" authority="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Van Ofwegen & Ruiz Allais & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[707,826,1946,1972]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Venezuela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Venezuela</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |