430 lines
47 KiB
XML
430 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="62B6B744DF6A6B5391057F5164B96413">Species status of Centrolene lema Duellman and Señaris, 2003 (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) revealed by Integrative Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="209EE45E810B317BC45880B78449AB31">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D99965B3CBF08FE48D2D2000AC9928B6">Kok, Philippe J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="34E6D98701A98C123B3B13E25A3DB5E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AB565AD9ACE5C32FC3B5CD9BDA76C7CD">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0387D723FFD5FFAA92CBF925B914F8AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628006" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119378338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628006" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387D723FFD5FFAA92CBF925B914F8AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387D723FFD5FFAA92CBF925B914F8AF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C33435BEFFD5FFA192CBF925BFC9F918" box="[151,660,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B916635FFD5FFA192CBF925BFC9F918" blockId="3.[151,660,1701,1727]" box="[151,660,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0D9D159FFD5FFA192CBF925BFC9F918" bold="true" box="[151,660,1701,1727]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF925BFC9F918" ID-CoL="5XHSS" authority="Ayarzaguena, 1992" authorityName="Ayarzaguena" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,660,1701,1727]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF925BFC9F918" bold="true" box="[151,660,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF925BCD1F918" bold="true" box="[151,396,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD5FFA193C7F925BFD6F918" author="Ayarzaguena" box="[411,651,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" refString="Ayarzaguena, J. (1992) Los Centrolenidos de la Guayana Venezolana. Publicaciones de la Asociacion de Amigos de Donana, 1, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1992">Ayarzagüena, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33435BEFFD5FFA692CBF970BFF5FF68" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B916635FFD5FFA192CBF970BFD4F8A0" blockId="3.[151,991,1776,2023]" box="[151,649,1776,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3E411BFFD5FFA192CBF970BFD4F8A0" box="[151,649,1776,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF970BFD8F8A0" ID-CoL="5XHSS" authority="Ayarzaguena 1992: 19" authorityName="Ayarzaguena" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,645,1776,1799]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF970BCD1F8A0" box="[151,396,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Centrolenella gorzulae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8F4024FFD5FFA193CFF970BFD8F8A0" author="Ayarzaguena" box="[403,645,1776,1799]" page="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD5FFA193CFF970BF00F8A0" author="Ayarzaguena" box="[403,605,1776,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" refString="Ayarzaguena, J. (1992) Los Centrolenidos de la Guayana Venezolana. Publicaciones de la Asociacion de Amigos de Donana, 1, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1992">Ayarzagüena 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 19
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B916635FFD5FFA192CBF890BF1AF880" blockId="3.[151,991,1776,2023]" box="[151,583,1808,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3E411BFFD5FFA192CBF890BF1AF880" box="[151,583,1808,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF890BF1EF880" ID-CoL="S9Y6" authority="Duellman 1993: 35" authorityName="Duellman" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,579,1808,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulai">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF890BC31F880" box="[151,364,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Centrolene gorzulai</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8F4024FFD5FFA1932FF890BF1EF880" author="Duellman" box="[371,579,1808,1831]" page="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD5FFA1932FF890BF46F880" author="Duellman" box="[371,539,1808,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1993) Amphibian species of the world: additions and corrections. University of Kansas Special Publications, Museum of Natural History, 21, 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 35
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B916635FFD5FFA192CBF8B0BFBBF8C0" blockId="3.[151,991,1776,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3E411BFFD5FFA192CBF8B0BFBBF8C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF8B0BE41F8E0" ID-CoL="S9ZT" authority="Senaris and Ayarzaguena 1995" authorityName="Senaris and Ayarzaguena" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,796,1840,1863]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auyantepuiana">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF8B0BC90F8E0" box="[151,461,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Centrolenella auyantepuiana</emphasis>
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Señaris and Ayarzagüena 1995
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</taxonomicName>
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“1993”: 122.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF8D0BFBEF8C0" ID-CoL="5XHSS" authority="Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch 1995: 2" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,739,1872,1895]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF8D0BC2DF8C0" box="[151,368,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8F4024FFD5FFA1932AF8D0BFBEF8C0" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[374,739,1872,1895]" page="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD5FFA1932AF8D0BF95F8C0" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[374,712,1872,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. & Lynch, J. D. (1995) Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia VIII. Cuatro nuevas especies de Centrolene de la Cordillera Central. Lozania, 65, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 2
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B916635FFD5FFA192CBF8F0BFF7F860" blockId="3.[151,991,1776,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3E411BFFD5FFA192CBF8F0BFF7F860" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF8F0BE42F820" ID-CoL="3MVZ7" authority="Ayarzaguena and Senaris" authorityName="Ayarzaguena and Senaris" box="[151,799,1904,1927]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auyantepuiana">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF8F0BF50F820" box="[151,525,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Hyalinobatrachium auyantepuiana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD5FFA1904FF8F0BE42F820" author="Ayarzaguena" box="[531,799,1904,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" refString="Ayarzaguena, J. & Senaris, J. C. (" 1996 " [1997]) Dos nuevas especies de Cochranella (Anura; Centrolenidae) para Venezuela. Publicaciones de la Asociacion de los Amigos de Donana, 8, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1996">Ayarzagüena and Señaris</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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“1996” 1997: 13.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF810BE56F800" ID-CoL="5ZHG8" authority="Myers and Donnelly 1997: 16" authorityName="Myers and Donnelly" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,779,1936,1959]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auyantepuiana">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF810BC9FF800" box="[151,450,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Cochranella auyantepuiana</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8F4024FFD5FFA1939BF810BE56F800" author="Myers" box="[455,779,1936,1959]" page="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD5FFA1939BF810BFBFF800" author="Myers" box="[455,738,1936,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" refString="Myers, C. W. & Donnelly, M. A. (1997) A Tepui Herpetofauna on a Granitic Mountain (Tamacuari) in the Borderland Between Venezuela and Brazil: Report from the Phipps Tapirapeco Expedition. American Museum Novitates, 3213, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1997">Myers and Donnelly 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 16
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF830BFFBF860" ID-CoL="5ZHG8" authority="Duellman 1999: 300" authorityName="Duellman" authorityPageNumber="300" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,678,1968,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auyantepuiana">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF830BC9FF860" box="[151,450,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Cochranella auyantepuiana</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8F4024FFD5FFA1939BF830BFFBF860" author="Duellman" box="[455,678,1968,1991]" page="300" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD5FFA1939BF830BF2DF860" author="Duellman" box="[455,624,1968,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1999) Distribution patterns of amphibians in South America. In: Duellman, W. E. (Ed.), Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians. A Global Perspective. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, pp. 255 - 328." type="book chapter" year="1999">Duellman 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 300
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B916635FFD5FFA192CBF850BE4FF840" blockId="3.[151,991,1776,2023]" box="[151,786,2000,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3E411BFFD5FFA192CBF850BE4FF840" box="[151,786,2000,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD5FFA192CBF850BE53F840" ID-CoL="S9YV" authority="Noonan and Harvey 2000: 295" authorityName="Noonan and Harvey" authorityPageNumber="295" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,782,2000,2023]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillahallicum">
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD5FFA192CBF850BCE1F840" box="[151,444,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="19">Centrolene papillahallicum</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8F4024FFD5FFA1939EF850BE53F840" author="Noonan" box="[450,782,2000,2023]" page="295" pageId="3" pageNumber="19" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD5FFA1939EF850BF85F840" author="Noonan" box="[450,728,2000,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" refString="Noonan, B. P. & Harvey, M. B. (2000) A new species of glass frog (Anura: Centrolenidae) from the Highlands of Guyana. Herpetologica, 56, 294 - 302." type="journal article" year="2000">Noonan and Harvey 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 295
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B916635FFD2FFA692CBFF18BFF5FF68" blockId="4.[151,858,151,207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3E411BFFD2FFA692CBFF18BFF5FF68" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD2FFA692CBFF18BFF3FF08" ID-CoL="S9YH" authority="Duellman and Senaris 2003: 247" authorityName="Duellman and Senaris" authorityPageNumber="247" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,686,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lema">
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||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA692CBFF18BC1AFF08" box="[151,327,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">Centrolene lema</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8F4024FFD2FFA69311FF18BFF3FF08" author="Duellman" box="[333,686,152,175]" page="247" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD2FFA69311FF18BF25FF08" author="Duellman" box="[333,632,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Senaris, J. C. (2003) A new species of glass frog (Anura: Centrolenidae) from the Venezuelan Guayana. Herpetologica, 59, 247 - 252." type="journal article" year="2003">Duellman and Señaris 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 247
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269075CFFD2FFA690E4FF17BE0EFF08" box="[696,851,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">
|
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<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA690E4FF17BE0EFF08" bold="true" box="[696,851,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">new synonym</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD2FFA692CBFF38BFF9FF68" ID-CoL="S9Y6" authority="Myers & Donnelly 2008: 29" authorityName="Myers & Donnelly" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,676,184,207]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA692CBFF38BC31FF68" box="[151,364,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">Centrolene gorzulai</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8F4024FFD2FFA6932FFF38BFF9FF68" author="Myers" box="[371,676,184,207]" page="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD2FFA6932FFF38BF21FF68" author="Myers" box="[371,636,184,207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Myers, C. W. & Donnelly, M. A. (2008) The summit herpetofauna of Auyantepui, Venezuela: Report from the Robert G. Goelet American Museum-Terramar Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 308, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2008">Myers & Donnelly 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 29
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33435BEFFD2FFA692CBFF77BCDFFE9D" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFD2FFA692CBFF77BCDFFE9D" blockId="4.[151,1437,247,514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA692CBFF77BC4DFEB6" bold="true" box="[151,272,247,273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5495D897FFD2FFA692CBFF77BC56FEB6" box="[151,267,247,273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3FFEF0FFD2FFA69344FF78BC22FEB5" box="[280,383,248,274]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">MHNLS</collectionCode>
|
||
11221 (adult male),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33926A5FFD2FFA6902FFF78BFB3FEB5" box="[627,750,248,274]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Estado Bolívar: Central sector of Auyan-tepui (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A00F2FFD2FFA6977BFF78B8CAFEB5" box="[1319,1431,248,274]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="5.9333334">05°56’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A00F2FFD2FFA692CBFEA0BC51FE9D" box="[151,268,288,314]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="-62.566666">62°34’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6CBD0FFD2FFA69344FEA0BC28FE9D" box="[280,373,288,314]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33435BEFFD2FFA5929AFEC7BCC2F8F5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFD2FFA6929AFEC7BCD6FDA5" blockId="4.[151,1437,247,514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA6929AFEC7BC1BFEC6" bold="true" box="[198,326,327,353]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD2FFA690B8FEC8BE38FEC6" box="[740,869,328,353]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA690B8FEC8BE38FEC6" box="[740,869,328,353]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because adult males have humeral spines (Ruiz-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD2FFA692CBFEF0BCE8FE2D" author="Carranza" box="[151,437,368,394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. & Lynch, J. D. (1991) Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia I. Propuesta de una nueva clasificacion generica. Lozania, 57, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Carranza & Lynch 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD2FFA6939EFEF0BFA5FE2D" author="Duellman" box="[450,760,368,394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Senaris, J. C. (2003) A new species of glass frog (Anura: Centrolenidae) from the Venezuelan Guayana. Herpetologica, 59, 247 - 252." type="journal article" year="2003">Duellman & Señaris 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It differs from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD2FFA696C2FEF0B87DFE2E" box="[1182,1312,368,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA696C2FEF0B87DFE2E" box="[1182,1312,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a trilobate liver covered by a white peritoneum and a mostly transparent parietal peritoneum, with a small white anterior portion (the “bib-like white patch” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD2FFA69157FE40B91BFE7D" author="Duellman" box="[779,1094,448,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Senaris, J. C. (2003) A new species of glass frog (Anura: Centrolenidae) from the Venezuelan Guayana. Herpetologica, 59, 247 - 252." type="journal article" year="2003">Duellman & Señaris 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is only detectable in dissected specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5136BDFFD2FFA692CBF9F7B939F916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185279/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[151,1434,573,1629]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFD2FFA692CBF9F7B939F916" blockId="4.[151,1436,1655,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA692CBF9F7BC44F928" bold="true" box="[151,281,1655,1679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and ventral view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD2FFA6901FF9F8BE41F928" box="[579,796,1656,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA6901FF9F8BE41F928" box="[579,796,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sierra de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD2FFA69198F9F8B95CF928" box="[964,1025,1656,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lema">Lema</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA6964CF9F7B97EF928" bold="true" box="[1040,1059,1655,1679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA6966DF9F7B91EF928" bold="true" box="[1073,1091,1655,1679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||
; CVULA 7013; photos by C. L. Barrio-Amorós) and Auyan-tepui (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA69057F91ABF43F915" bold="true" box="[523,542,1690,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA69070F91ABF62F915" bold="true" box="[556,575,1690,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
|
||
; MHNLS 17325; photos by S. Castroviejo-Fisher).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFD2FFA5929AF965BCC2F8F5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1765,2031]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,1728,2034]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD2FFA6929AF965BCFEF958" bold="true" box="[198,419,1765,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20">Characterization.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) dentigerous process on vomer and vomerine teeth absent; (2) snout subtruncate to truncate in dorsal view, truncate to slightly sloping in lateral profile; (3) tympanum distinct, small, oriented dorsolaterally with a slight posterior inclination; (4) dorsal surfaces shagreened; males with small spicules visible under magnification; (5) ventral skin strongly granular, cloacal ornamentation consisting of small enameled tubercles lateral to vent and enlarged paired round tubercles below vent; (6) parietal peritoneum mostly transparent, a small anterior portion white (the “bib-like white patch” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD2FFA69609F82DB8D2F860" author="Duellman" box="[1109,1423,1965,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Senaris, J. C. (2003) A new species of glass frog (Anura: Centrolenidae) from the Venezuelan Guayana. Herpetologica, 59, 247 - 252." type="journal article" year="2003">Duellman & Señaris 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), only detectable in dissected specimens; pericardial peritoneum white; hepatic and visceral peritonea white, urinary bladder transparent; (7) liver trilobate; (8) humeral spine in adult males present; (9) finger webbing
|
||
<date id="FF9040F5FFD3FFA797D9FF17BDFBFF7B" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA797D9FF17B8C6FF16" bold="true" box="[1413,1435,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">II</emphasis>
|
||
2
|
||
</date>
|
||
-–
|
||
<date id="FF9040F5FFD3FFA792E7FF42BDAEFF7B" box="[187,243,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7928DFF42BDAEFF7B" bold="true" box="[209,243,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">III</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
2+–(2-–2)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7932DFF42BCD2FF7B" bold="true" box="[369,399,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">IV</emphasis>
|
||
; (10) toe webbing
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7902AFF42BFDCFF7B" bold="true" box="[630,641,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">I</emphasis>
|
||
(1–1½)–(2–2+)
|
||
<date id="FF9040F5FFD3FFA7911DFF42BED1FF7B" box="[833,908,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7911DFF42BE0AFF7B" bold="true" box="[833,855,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">II</emphasis>
|
||
1–2
|
||
</date>
|
||
+
|
||
<date id="FF9040F5FFD3FFA791C3FF42BE89FF7B" box="[927,980,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA791C3FF42BE9CFF7B" bold="true" box="[927,961,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">III</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</date>
|
||
–(2–2+)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA79665FF42B907FF7B" bold="true" box="[1081,1114,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">IV</emphasis>
|
||
(2–2+)–
|
||
<date id="FF9040F5FFD3FFA796E2FF42B9B8FF7B" box="[1214,1253,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7968EFF42B9B8FF7B" bold="true" box="[1234,1253,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; (11) fringe on postaxial edge of Finger IV present, enameled, metacarpal fold present, weakly enameled, ulnar fold absent; fringe on postaxial edge of Toe V present, enameled, metatarsal fold present, weakly enameled, tarsal fold usually absent or very weak; (12) nuptial excrescences finely granular, white, consisting of a dense group of glands and situated in the medial, dorsolateral internal side of Finger I (Type-V); prepollex slightly enlarged; prepollical spine projecting (spine not exposed); (13) when appressed, Finger
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7966FFE0AB914FE03" bold="true" box="[1075,1097,394,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">II</emphasis>
|
||
= Finger
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7969CFE0AB996FE03" bold="true" box="[1216,1227,394,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">I</emphasis>
|
||
; (14) diameter of eye about
|
||
<date id="FF9040F5FFD3FFA7934EFE32BC6BFE6B" box="[274,310,434,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">2X</date>
|
||
width of disc on Finger
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA79000FE32BF23FE6B" bold="true" box="[604,638,434,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">III</emphasis>
|
||
; (15) in life, dorsum dark green with scattered paler flecks; (16) in preservative, dorsum lavender entirely covered with minute melanophores; (17) in life, iris metallic copper with dark brown reticulations; an incomplete pale yellow ring around pupil; (18) distribution of melanophores on digits variable, but always more numerous on Fingers
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA79169FDAABEDBFDE3" bold="true" box="[821,902,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">III–IV</emphasis>
|
||
than
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7919AFDAABE8CFDE3" bold="true" box="[966,977,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">I</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA79656FDAAB97CFDE3" bold="true" box="[1034,1057,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">II</emphasis>
|
||
; Toes
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA79631FDAAB9EFFDE3" bold="true" box="[1133,1202,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">IV–V</emphasis>
|
||
with many melanophores, rarely present on Toes
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7905AFDD2BF1FFDCB" bold="true" box="[518,578,594,620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">I–III</emphasis>
|
||
, if present, few and restricted to the two distal phalanges; in life, hands and feet bluish green to green, tips of fingers and toes yellowish green; (19) males call from the upper side of leaves; note single and pulsed (3–7 pulses per call), advertisement call of 0.02–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A00F2FFD3FFA79601FD22B9D2FD1B" box="[1117,1167,674,700]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" precision="555" value="-0.05">0.05</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s duration, dominant frequency of 4416.97–5157.48 Hz; (20) combat behavior unknown; (21) clutches deposited on vegetation overhanging streams, in moss or between two leaves, clutch size 15–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D28ADBCFFD1FFA59185F968BEAAF8A5" box="[985,1015,1768,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" type="egg">22</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA59617F968B907F8A6" box="[1099,1114,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); none of the clutches observed were guarded; (22) tadpole unknown; (23) SVL in males
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6CBD0FFD1FFA591BEF890B9CFF88D" box="[994,1170,1808,1834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.085" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="1.92" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="20.85" valueMax="22.5" valueMin="19.2">19.2–22.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA596F4F890B9EAF88E" box="[1192,1207,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11); in females 20.9–22.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA5930EF8B8BC3CF8F6" box="[338,353,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5136BDFFD3FFA792CBF88EB9DDF8EF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185280/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[151,1434,775,1756]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFD3FFA792CBF88EB9DDF8EF" blockId="5.[151,1435,1806,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA792CBF88EBC44F881" bold="true" box="[151,281,1806,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD3FFA79396F88FBFFEF881" box="[458,675,1807,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA79396F88FBFFEF881" box="[458,675,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing the distribution of iridophores on viscera. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA7968FF88EB9BBF881" bold="true" box="[1235,1254,1806,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
|
||
) MHNLS 17326 from Auyan-tepui; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD3FFA79331F8B1BC22F8EE" bold="true" box="[365,383,1841,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
|
||
) MHNLS 17267 from Sierra de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD3FFA79080F8B1BE40F8EF" box="[732,797,1841,1864]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lema">Lema</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photos by S. Castroviejo-Fisher.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5136BDFFD0FFA492CBF8FEB9AFF81F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185281/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[151,1436,212,1873]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFD0FFA492CBF8FEB9AFF81F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1918,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD0FFA492CBF8FEBC47F831" bold="true" box="[151,282,1918,1942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Audiospectograms (top) and oscillograms of the advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD0FFA49674F8FFB85FF831" box="[1064,1282,1919,1942]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD0FFA49674F8FFB85FF831" box="[1064,1282,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="22">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD0FFA49747F8FEB873F831" bold="true" box="[1307,1326,1918,1942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
|
||
) MHNLS 17326 from Auyan-tepui; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD0FFA493EBF821BC94F81E" bold="true" box="[439,457,1953,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
|
||
) MHNLS 17142 from Sierra de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD0FFA49179F821BE38F81F" box="[805,869,1953,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lema">Lema</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Air temperature at recordings ~ 19°.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5136BDFFD1FFA592CBF98DBC96F92B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185282/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[262,1340,238,1515]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFD1FFA592CBF98DBC96F92B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1549,1676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA592CBF98DBC44F982" bold="true" box="[151,281,1549,1573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbor-joining tree based on a 16S rDNA fragment. Support is indicated at the node when bootstrap values are> 70%. Terminals are labeled according to their species identification, distribution, and museum number (Gen- Bank accession number in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD1FFA59068F9D3BE56F9CD" box="[564,779,1619,1642]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Allophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruthveni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA59068F9D3BE56F9CD" box="[564,779,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">Allophryne ruthveni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The topology supports the hypothesis that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD1FFA596B7F9D3B8C1F9CD" box="[1259,1436,1619,1642]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA596B7F9D3B8C1F9CD" box="[1259,1436,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">Centrolene lema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD1FFA5931BF9F5BC9AF92B" box="[327,455,1653,1676]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">C. gorzulae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33435BEFFD1FFAA929AF8E0BEDEF9BF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFD1FFA5929AF8E0B9A8F855" blockId="7.[151,1437,1728,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA5929AF8E0BF3AF8DD" bold="true" box="[198,615,1888,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">Natural history and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFD1FFA59173F8E0B97CF8DE" box="[815,1057,1888,1913]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA59173F8E0B97CF8DE" box="[815,1057,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recently discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFD1FFA59735F8E0BCA3F805" author="Kok" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Kok, P. J. R. & Castroviejo-Fisher, S. (2008) Glassfrogs (Anura: Centrolenidae) of Kaieteur National Park, Guyana, with notes on the distribution and taxonomy of some species of the family in the Guiana Shield. Zootaxa, 1680, 25 - 53." type="journal article" year="2008">Kok and Castroviejo-Fisher (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, on the basis of specimens from Kaieteur National Park,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33926A5FFD1FFA596FAF808B858F805" box="[1190,1285,1928,1954]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species was recently discovered at a new locality, the southeast slope of Mount Maringma on the border of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33926A5FFD1FFA5971DF830B8C1F86D" box="[1345,1436,1968,1994]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33926A5FFD1FFA59294F858BC4DF855" box="[200,272,2008,2034]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFD1FFA5937DF858BC19F856" box="[289,324,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="23">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6CBD0FFD1FFA59317F858BCF9F855" box="[331,420,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation), and additional observations were made on clutch deposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5136BDFFDEFFAA92CBFB23BCCBFB7A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185283/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[151,1434,197,1159]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFDEFFAA92CBFB23BCCBFB7A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1187,1245]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFDEFFAA92CBFB23BC45FB1C" bold="true" box="[151,280,1187,1211]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Egg clutch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFDEFFAA93E8FB24BFD0FB1C" box="[436,653,1188,1211]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFDEFFAA93E8FB24BFD0FB1C" box="[436,653,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deposited on moss, on a branch overhanging water (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFDEFFAA96E0FB24B988FB1C" box="[1212,1237,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 2.0 m high). Photograph by P. J. R. Kok.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFDEFFAA9299FA8EBEF4FA07" blockId="8.[151,1436,1294,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Four clutches were collected between
|
||
<date id="FF9040F5FFDEFFAA90D7FA8EBEC2FA8F" box="[651,927,1294,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" value="2007-11-23" valueMax="2007-11-24" valueMin="2007-11-23">23–24 November 2007</date>
|
||
; three of them were found among moss on overhanging branches 1.5–2.0 m above water (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13157AB0FFDEFFAA9092FAB6BE4AFAF7" box="[718,791,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1187,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,197,1161]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Egg clutch of Centrolene gorzulae deposited on moss, on a branch overhanging water (ca. 2.0 m high). Photograph by P. J. R. Kok." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185283/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), the fourth clutch was found deposited between two leaves (attached to both), about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6CBD0FFDEFFAA9045FADEBF02FADF" box="[537,607,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
above water. Many males were calling at night in the vicinity of the clutch deposition sites, but no male-male interaction was observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFDEFFAA9299FA2EBEDEF9BF" blockId="8.[151,1436,1294,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Clutches contained 15–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D28ADBCFFDEFFAA938BFA2EBCA8FA6F" box="[471,501,1454,1480]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" type="egg">22</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs at various stages of embryogenesis, and no guarding males were detected. One female (IRSNB 14327,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6CBD0FFDEFFAA93B0FA56BF0AFA57" box="[492,599,1494,1520]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="20.9">20.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), collected on
|
||
<date id="FF9040F5FFDEFFAA9117FA56B96EFA57" box="[843,1075,1494,1520]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" value="2007-11-22">22 November 2007</date>
|
||
, contained 13 enlarged, partly pigmented, ovarian eggs, the largest with a diameter of 2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33435BEFFDEFFAA929AF9A7B914F8AF" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B916635FFDEFFAA929AF9A7B914F8AF" blockId="8.[151,1436,1294,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFDEFFAA929AF9A7BC9DF9E7" ID-CoL="5XHSS" box="[198,448,1575,1600]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFDEFFAA929AF9A7BC9DF9E7" box="[198,448,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was thought to be endemic to Auyan-tepui (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFDEFFAA9641F9A6B85BF9E7" author="Ayarzaguena" box="[1053,1286,1574,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Ayarzaguena, J. (1992) Los Centrolenidos de la Guayana Venezolana. Publicaciones de la Asociacion de Amigos de Donana, 1, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1992">Ayarzagüena 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFDEFFAA9741F9A6BC28F9CF" author="Senaris" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Senaris, J. C. & Ayarzaguena, J. (2005) Revision taxonomica de la Familia Centrolenidae (Amphibia; Anura) de Venezuela. Publicaciones del Comite Espanol del Programa Hombre y Biosfera - Red IberoMaB de la UNESCO, Sevilla, 337 pp." type="book" year="2005">Señaris & Ayarzagüena 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFDEFFAA93DDF9CEBFFAF9CF" author="Myers" box="[385,679,1614,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Myers, C. W. & Donnelly, M. A. (2008) The summit herpetofauna of Auyantepui, Venezuela: Report from the Robert G. Goelet American Museum-Terramar Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 308, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2008">Myers & Donnelly 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF1BC4FFDEFFAA90E0F9CEB904F9CF" author="Kok" box="[700,1113,1614,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Kok, P. J. R. & Castroviejo-Fisher, S. (2008) Glassfrogs (Anura: Centrolenidae) of Kaieteur National Park, Guyana, with notes on the distribution and taxonomy of some species of the family in the Guiana Shield. Zootaxa, 1680, 25 - 53." type="journal article" year="2008">Kok and Castroviejo-Fisher (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
extended its distribution to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33926A5FFDEFFAA92CBF9F6BDABF937" box="[151,246,1654,1680]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Here we report
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFDEFFAA93E0F9F7BF1BF937" ID-CoL="5XHSS" box="[444,582,1654,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFDEFFAA93E0F9F7BC92F937" box="[444,463,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFDEFFAA93BCF9F7BF1BF937" box="[480,582,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">gorzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from three localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33926A5FFDEFFAA9139F9F6BE83F937" box="[869,990,1654,1680]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Auyan-tepui, Atapare, and Sierra de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFDEFFAA92CBF91EBD81F91F" ID-CoL="S9YH" box="[151,220,1694,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lema">Lema</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33926A5FFDEFFAA937DF91EBC21F91F" box="[289,380,1694,1720]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Peters Mountain, Kaieteur National Park, and Mount Maringma) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13157AB0FFDEFFAA96F4F91EB9AFF91F" box="[1192,1266,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,449,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,437,1248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Map of northeastern South America showing known localities of Centrolene gorzulae (red dots). 1 = Auyan-tepui (type locality of C. gorzulae and C. auyantepuiana); 2 = Parque Nacional Canaima, Cuenca alta del río Cucurital, Atapare; 3 = Sierra de Lema (type locality of C. lema); 4 = Peters Mountain (type locality of C. papillahallicum); 5 = Southeast slope of Maringma tepui; 6 = Kaieteur National Park." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185284/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species probably occurs in adjacent areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33926A5FFDEFFAA9036F946BFE8F947" box="[618,693,1734,1760]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E1DB6FFDEFFAA909AF947BEE6F947" ID-CoL="5XHSS" box="[710,955,1735,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ABA27FFDEFFAA909AF947BEE6F947" box="[710,955,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="24">Centrolene gorzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad altitudinal distribution (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CD6CBD0FFDEFFAA92CBF96EBC76F8AF" box="[151,299,1774,1800]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="0.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1850.0" valueMin="450.0">450–1850 m</quantity>
|
||
) and has been found only on vegetation overhanging small streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |