223 lines
26 KiB
XML
223 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="BB1B1D86804B9997EAF7D9540CA8F9FF" ID-CLB-Dataset="27715" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c3fecf1-4e11-4c79-a908-e0a5abbaf3ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617460" ID-ZooBank="B11E734C-218B-418C-84E6-719AB3C58AFF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553927824231" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arachchige, Gayashan M., Jayakody, Sevvandi, Mooi, Rich & Kroh, Andreas" docDate="2019" docId="038087B4FF92894EFF02F81B762A98C0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4541 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinocyamus bisperforatus Leske 1778" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFAA8975FF95FFB47314996C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698715306146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A622213BBCC43336AB337918D80B8AF0">
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<mods:title id="918D274CE5C5518AEDC17B6830B84335">Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="AB4DC3956CEA3D0D5A7A529F93162B29" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="21E1E4D3355422F84C1D4FD488F5F031">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="ED055B7D3F7739E119B3427882EB3981">Arachchige, Gayashan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA9DB731BE4328E35DDF9E7CB25F300C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1072441474518DC1825E8D3B1E33CFCE">Jayakody, Sevvandi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="4F25A8DD66FE1CB472AF06B566876604">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D2CE1BDE38CB7723D823D0AD5B666B74" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="293C1898F073E03BC7376ED6462FC4F4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="55EE18BB2C91CB607AD788576F7C3206">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EC4EA619651D8BF589AD2ADE8E4E4CC0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8907224DB58021F782D7FAC3FAE60343">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1662C3A705B507AD324EA6CFC7638563">
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<mods:date id="9EFA6643DE421973517C88866C029506">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9EFE858B7B9FFBA9EA0FBF8DCC6E3749">2019-01-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C477A5FAA6F04D3427A0DA15EF392F15" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F94E097AD3C3ECCC31910B64FAB22DBC">4541</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038087B4FF92894EFF02F81B762A98C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935458" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529655" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935458" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FF92894EFF02F81B762A98C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FF92894EFF02F81B762A98C0" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FF92894DFF02F81B72B49E87" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF92894DFF02F81B716F9EA6" blockId="56.[151,635,1967,2027]" box="[151,635,1967,1994]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="D0DE81CEFF92894DFF02F81B716F9EA6" bold="true" box="[151,635,1967,1994]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF92894DFF02F81B716F9EA6" bold="true" box="[151,635,1967,1994]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF92894DFF02F81B722E9EA5" bold="true" box="[151,314,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF92894DFED4F81B716F9EA6" authority="Leske, 1778" authorityName="Leske" authorityYear="1778" box="[321,635,1967,1994]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF92894DFED4F81B72F49EA5" bold="true" box="[321,480,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">bisperforatus</emphasis>
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Leske, 1778
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF92894DFF02F86672B49E87" blockId="56.[151,635,1967,2027]" box="[151,416,2002,2027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figures 50, 51A, 52–54</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FF93894EFF02FF2C712899B8" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF93894CFF02FF2C704A99C1" blockId="57.[151,1246,152,204]" box="[151,862,152,174]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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1778
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF93894CFF45FF2C724399C2" box="[208,343,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF93894CFEC8FF2C713E99C2" authority="Leske" authorityName="Leske" box="[349,554,152,174]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF93894CFEC8FF2C72F099C2" box="[349,484,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">bisperforatus</emphasis>
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Leske
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</taxonomicName>
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: p.132–133; pl. 21: figs. A–B.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF93894CFF02FF0277CA99A0" blockId="57.[151,1246,152,204]" box="[151,1246,182,204]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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1948b
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF93894CFF49FF02727799A0" box="[220,355,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF93894CFEFFFF02712E99A0" authority="Leske." authorityName="Leske." box="[362,570,182,204]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF93894CFEFFFF0272E599A0" box="[362,497,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">bisperforatus</emphasis>
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Leske.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Mortensen: p. 406–410; pl. 68: figs. 2, 6–8; pl. 71: figs. 6–9, 18.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF56662AFF90894FFF02FB8470189D08" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617557/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,1072,1094]" targetBox="[151,1436,218,1050]" targetPageId="58">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF02FB8470189D08" blockId="58.[151,1436,1072,1125]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF02FB8472349D29" bold="true" box="[151,288,1072,1094]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
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Apical system, petaloid area and plates between posterior petals tips and lunules: A,
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFB12FB8476889D2A" box="[1159,1436,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Echinodiscus
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF90894FFA80FB8476889D2A" box="[1301,1436,1072,1094]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">bisperforatus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(WUSL/EI/65); B,
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFECFFBFA72F59D08" box="[346,481,1102,1124]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF90894FFE73FBFA71739D09" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1841" box="[486,615,1102,1125]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFD92FBE471739D09" box="[519,615,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">truncatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(WUSL/EI/62).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF52FB3872079DA4" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52FB38727C9DC8" box="[199,360,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Apical system</emphasis>
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—Subcentral, 48–52% TL away from anterior margin, monobasal with four small circular gonopores.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF52FB6070539F5C" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52FB6072579D81" box="[199,323,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ambulacra</emphasis>
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—Well-developed short petals, more or less closed distally; petaloid area broad, mean petaloid length approximately 44% TL (SD=2); mean width approximately 46% TL (SD=2); petal III slightly longer than other petals, c. 24% TL (SD=1); anterior paired petals c. 21% TL (SD=1); posterior paired petals distinctly shorter than others, c. 17% TL (SD=1); petal III and anterior paired petal slightly wider (mean 13% TL) than posterior paired petal (mean 12% TL); pores in pore pairs distinctly conjugated, with sharply delimited furrows that deepen towards outer pore; 12 to 16 primary tubercles on ridges between furrows. Two slit-like lunules in posterior ambulacra; lunule length c. 34% TL and lunule width c. 3% TL; angles between two lunules range from 108° to 117°; adapical end of lunule pointed anteriorly and distal end pointed posteriorly; single pair of plates between lunules and tips of posterior petals (
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<figureCitation id="13122A27FF90894FFDB2FA4071849F61" box="[551,656,1524,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 53. Adoral plate pattern of interambulacrum 5 in Echinodiscus bisperforatus: A, WUSL/EI/68; B, WUSL/EI/69; C, WUSL/EI/66; D, WUSL/EI/65." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617561/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 53A</figureCitation>
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); food grooves bifurcating close to peristome, with more or less welldeveloped lateral branches encroaching upon interambulacra.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF52F98877CC9F14" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52F98872639F39" box="[199,375,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Interambulacra</emphasis>
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—Anal groove distinct; two plates per column in oral interambulacrum 5; oral interambulacra usually disjunct, but in some cases interambulacrum 2 or 3 (rarely both) are contiguous (
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<figureCitation id="13122A27FF90894FFBE2F9EB77DF9F14" box="[1143,1227,1631,1656]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[151,1436,483,1720]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 52. Basicoronal and corresponding postbasicoronal interambulacral plates in Echinodiscus bisperforatus: A, interambulacra 2, 3 in contact and 1, 4, 5 disjunct (WUSL/EI/65); B, interambulacra 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 disjunct (WUSL/EI/66); C, interambulacra 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 disjunct (WUSL/EI/69); D, interambulacra 2 in contact and 1, 3, 4, 5 disjunct (WUSL/EI/139)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617559/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF52F930764B9FF1" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" box="[199,1375,1668,1693]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52F93072779FF1" box="[199,355,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tuberculation</emphasis>
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—Oral ambulacra with much more densely packed, small tubercles than in interambulacra.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF52F91D729D9F89" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52F91D722D9FAC" box="[199,313,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Peristome</emphasis>
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—Round to subpentagonal, small, 3–4% TL in diameter; slightly anterior of test centre, 31–36% TL from anterior margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF52F945725C9E3C" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52F94572259E64" box="[199,305,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Periproct</emphasis>
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—Small, 1–3% TL in diameter; close to posterior margin of test, 6–8% TL from posterior edge; opens along suture between 5.a.2/5.b.2 or at junction of 5.a.2/5.b.2/5.a.3 or 5.a.2/5.b.2/5.b.3 of post-basicoronal plates (
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<figureCitation id="13122A27FF90894FFF72F883722F9E3C" box="[231,315,1847,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 53. Adoral plate pattern of interambulacrum 5 in Echinodiscus bisperforatus: A, WUSL/EI/68; B, WUSL/EI/69; C, WUSL/EI/66; D, WUSL/EI/65." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617561/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF52F8E8769A9EF4" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52F8E872B39E19" bold="true" box="[199,423,1884,1909]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Geographic range.</emphasis>
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Indian Ocean, from
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<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FF90894FFD02F8E870109E19" box="[663,772,1884,1909]" name="Mauritius" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF90894FFC80F8E8708D9E18" author="Clark, H. L." box="[789,921,1884,1909]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="221 - 435" refId="ref34386" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The Echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark 1923</bibRefCitation>
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), East Africa &
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<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FF90894FFBCDF8E877CB9E19" box="[1112,1247,1884,1909]" name="Madagascar" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF90894FFB65F8E8769B9E18" author="Agassiz, A." box="[1264,1423,1884,1909]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="379 - 628" refId="ref32647" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (Pt. 1 - 2, 3 & 4) i-xii + 1 - 378, pls. 1 - 49 (1872), 379 - 628 + 1, pls. 50 - 77 (1873) & 629 - 762, pls. 78 - 94 (1874)." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz 1872</bibRefCitation>
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), Red Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF90894FFE97F8CB72859EF4" author="Clark, H. L." box="[258,401,1919,1944]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref34415" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FF90894FFE30F8CB71069EF4" box="[421,530,1919,1944]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF90894FFDB4F8CB71B49EF4" author="Bell, F. J." box="[545,672,1919,1944]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="643 - 658" refId="ref33800" refString="Bell, F. J. (1887 a) The echinoderm fauna of the island of Ceylon. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 3, 643 - 658." type="journal article" year="1887">Bell 1887a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Bay of Bengal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF90894FFCF1F8CB77159EF4" author="Koehler, R." box="[868,1025,1919,1944]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref34949" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 9, An account of the Echinoidea. II. Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 161 pp." type="book" year="1922">Koehler 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to East Indies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF90894FFB22F83476959EF4" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1207,1409,1919,1944]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref35386" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea IV. 2. Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteridae, Arachnoidae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894FFF52F810707B9ED0" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" box="[199,879,1956,1981]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52F81072BA9ED1" bold="true" box="[199,430,1956,1981]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
|
||
Intertidal zone to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FF90894FFDE9F81071A19ED0" box="[636,693,1956,1980]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF90894FFD56F81070769ED0" author="Koehler, R." box="[707,866,1956,1981]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref34949" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 9, An account of the Echinoidea. II. Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 161 pp." type="book" year="1922">Koehler 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF90894EFF52F87C712899B8" blockId="58.[151,1437,1164,2017]" lastBlockId="59.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF90894FFF52F87C71639E8D" bold="true" box="[199,631,1992,2017]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Observed occurrence in
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFF90894FFE61F87C71639E8D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524526" box="[500,631,1992,2017]" country="Sri Lanka" elevation="2" location="Specimens" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FF90894FFE61F87C71669E8D" box="[500,626,1992,2017]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF66079FF90894FFD14F87C71EF9E8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FF92894EFF02F81B762A98C0:8EF66079FF90894FFD14F87C71EF9E8D" box="[641,763,1992,2017]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Specimens" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Specimens</location>
|
||
were collected from a muddy bottom at
|
||
<elevation id="0004D191FF90894FFB48F87C76339E8C" box="[1245,1319,1992,2016]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FF90894FFB48F87C76339E8C" box="[1245,1319,1992,2016]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
along the north-western coast (Periyapaduwa) and at
|
||
<elevation id="0004D191FF91894EFDE8FF2C71BC99C3" box="[637,680,152,176]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FF91894EFDE8FF2C71BC99C3" box="[637,680,152,176]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
along the eastern coast (Kaththankudi) of Sri Lanka (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FF91894EFA94FF23764199DC" box="[1281,1365,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,219,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 54. Distribution map of Echinodiscus bisperforatus recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617563/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). First recorded in Sri Lanka by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF91894EFE21FF08712C99B8" author="Bell, F. J." box="[436,568,188,213]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="218 - 225" refId="ref33689" refString="Bell, F. J. (1882) Note on the echinoderm-fauna of the island of Ceylon, together with some observations on heteractinism, XIX. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 10, 218 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459697" type="journal article" year="1882">Bell (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336529FF91894EFF52FF6B762A98C0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF91894EFF52FF6B70D79871" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF91894EFF52FF6B722F9994" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
There is high variability in the position of the periproct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FF91894EFC5AFF6B77319994" box="[975,1061,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 53. Adoral plate pattern of interambulacrum 5 in Echinodiscus bisperforatus: A, WUSL/EI/68; B, WUSL/EI/69; C, WUSL/EI/66; D, WUSL/EI/65." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617561/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, this is not a reliable character to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF91894EFE36FEB171439871" box="[419,599,260,285]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF91894EFE36FEB171439871" box="[419,599,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E. bisperforatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other species in the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FF91894EFF52FE93762A98C0" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The suture between plate 5.a.2 and 5.b.2 is either nearly parallel to the anterior-posterior axis, or distinctly oblique to this axis (close to 45°, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FF91894EFDD4FEF871819809" box="[577,661,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,469,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[151,1436,469,1861]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 55. Echinodiscus cf. truncatus: A, aboral view with spines (WUSL/EI/63); B, oral view with spines (WUSL/EI/63); C, aboral view without spines (WUSL/EI/60); D, oral view without spines (WUSL/EI/60); E, lateral view (WUSL/EI/60)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617565/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the former case, it joins the adradial suture of plate V.b.2 and in the latter case, V.b.3. Otherwise, the studied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF91894EFD30FEC5704998E4" box="[677,861,367,392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF91894EFD30FEC5704998E4" box="[677,861,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E. bisperforatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens are very similar. This undermines the validity of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FF91894EFE16FE20713D98C1" authorityName="Stara & Sanciu" authorityYear="2014" box="[387,553,404,429]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Paraamphiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FF91894EFE16FE20713D98C1" box="[387,553,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Paraamphiope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recently established solely on this feature by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FF91894EFBBCFE20762E98C0" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[1065,1338,404,429]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara and Sanciu (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |