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<document id="AEA9E629510CCDAD259D6B7A406CE5CB" ID-CLB-Dataset="290639" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10813265" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9677a428-caf4-45c6-8181-0f7f8f32d530" ID-ISSN="0104-6950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10813265" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1710274391296" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Malabarba, Luiz R. &amp; Weitzman, Stanley H." docDate="2003" docId="03808793801CFFEECF72FEF4FA78FB66" docLanguage="en" docName="ComunMusCiencTecnolPUCRS.16.1.67-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Comun. Mus. Ciênc. Tecnol. PUCRS 16 (1)" docTitle="Cyanocharax Malabarba &amp; Weitzman 2003, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="FFB9FFEB8000FFF0CD01FFEFFFD1FFDA" masterDocTitle="Description Of A New Genus With Six New Species From Southern Brazil, Uruguay And Argentina, With A Discussion Of A Putative Characid Clade (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1710331706877" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6138B0D811C7FF1385C9303667859534">Description Of A New Genus With Six New Species From Southern Brazil, Uruguay And Argentina, With A Discussion Of A Putative Characid Clade (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="30C0171AE584AC700690DA21E880E442">Malabarba, Luiz R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E151160D77C566E31B9857C99AC8C40E">2003</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03808793801CFFEECF72FEF4FA78FB66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10810787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10810787" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03808793801CFFEECF72FEF4FA78FB66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03808793801CFFEECF72FEF4FA78FB66" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection id="C333650E801CFFECCF72FEF4FBC5FE99" box="[627,1044,283,323]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B963685801CFFECCF72FEF4FBC5FE99" blockId="28.[627,1044,283,323]" box="[627,1044,283,323]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="D0DE81E9801CFFECCF72FEF4FBC5FE99" box="[627,1044,283,323]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCF72FEF4FC89FE99" box="[627,856,283,323]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCF72FEF4FC81FE99" ID-CoL="3XNH" ID-ENA="681908" authority="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman, 2003" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[627,848,283,323]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Cyanocharax</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57EC801CFFECCE69FEF4FBC5FE99" box="[872,1044,283,323]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C333650E801CFFECCDD5FE9AFB88FE47" box="[212,1113,373,413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B963685801CFFECCDD5FE9AFB88FE47" blockId="28.[212,1113,373,413]" box="[212,1113,373,413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCDD5FE9AFE6CFE47" bold="true" box="[212,445,373,413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Type species:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCCCCFE9AFC56FE47" box="[461,903,373,413]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCCCCFE9AFCACFE47" authority="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman, 2003" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[461,893,373,413]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macropinna" status="sp. nov.">Cyanocharax macropinna</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57EC801CFFECCE94FE9AFB88FE47" box="[917,1113,373,413]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C333650E801CFFEDCDD7FE2EFE8EFA8B" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B963685801CFFECCDD7FE2EFBF3FCA7" blockId="28.[212,1465,449,2258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCDD7FE2EFD60FE32" bold="true" box="[214,689,449,488]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Distinguishing characters.</emphasis>
Characters that allow the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCDD7FE1CFE65FDC1" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[214,436,499,539]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCDD7FE1CFE65FDC1" box="[214,436,499,539]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are summarized as (1) the presence of two unbranched and eight branched dorsal-fin rays; (2) absence of insemination; (3) absence of caudal- and anal-fin glands or specialized organs; (4) the presence of one unbranched and six branched pelvic-fin rays; (5) presence of a clearly anterior mouth with unspecialized teeth, as well as the absence of a ventrally-located mouth with modified maxilla, premaxilla and dentary bones; (6) the number of branched anal-fin rays, ranging from 21 to 35; and (7) the incompletely toothed maxilla, with 2 to 8 teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801CFFECCC23FC67FC4CFB74" blockId="28.[212,1465,449,2258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC23FC67FE2BFC6A" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[290,506,904,944]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC23FC67FE2BFC6A" box="[290,506,904,944]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from most characid genera (except
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC883FC67FE94FC39" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Ortega" authorityYear="2000" family="Characidae" genus="Attonitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC883FC67FE94FC39" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Attonitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC5AFC54FE29FC39" box="[347,504,955,995]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC5AFC54FE25FC39" authorityName=", Gery" authorityYear="1966" box="[347,500,955,995]" family="Characidae" genus="Boehlkea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Boehlkea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCF08FC54FCD3FC39" box="[521,770,955,995]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCF08FC54FD28FC39" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1929" box="[521,761,955,995]" family="Characidae" genus="Bryconacidnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bryconacidnus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCE15FC54FBF5FC39" box="[788,1060,955,995]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCE15FC54FBCDFC39" authorityName=", Malabarba &amp; Kindel" authorityYear="1995" box="[788,1052,955,995]" family="Characidae" genus="Bryconamericus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bryconamericus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC937FC54FAF4FC39" box="[1078,1317,955,995]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC937FC54FAF0FC39" authorityName=", Malabarba &amp; Vari" authorityYear="2000" box="[1078,1313,955,995]" family="Characidae" genus="Caiapobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caiapobrycon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC836FC54FEBEFBCC" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC836FC54FEBAFBCC" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1914" family="Characidae" genus="Ceratobranchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ceratobranchia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC8EFC01FD92FBCC" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Harold" authorityYear="2001" box="[399,579,1006,1046]" family="Characidae" genus="Creagrutus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC8EFC01FD92FBCC" box="[399,579,1006,1046]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Creagrutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCF6AFC01FCEBFBCC" box="[619,826,1006,1046]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCF6AFC01FCE7FBCC" authorityName=", Wiley &amp; Collette" authorityYear="1970" box="[619,822,1006,1046]" family="Characidae" genus="Hemibrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemibrycon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCE58FC01FBF8FBCC" box="[857,1065,1006,1046]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCE58FC01FBF4FBCC" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Malabarba" authorityYear="1994" box="[857,1061,1006,1046]" family="Characidae" genus="Hypobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypobrycon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC948FC01FB1DFBCC" box="[1097,1228,1006,1046]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC948FC01FB16FBCC" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1097,1223,1006,1046]" family="Characidae" genus="Knodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Knodus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC9EBFC01FA63FBCC" box="[1258,1458,1006,1046]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC9EBFC01FA78FBCC" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1913" box="[1258,1449,1006,1046]" family="Characidae" genus="Microgenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microgenys</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCDD5FBCFFDD1FB92" box="[212,512,1056,1096]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCDD5FBCFFE2AFB92" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Pearson" authorityYear="1924" box="[212,507,1056,1096]" family="Characidae" genus="Monotocheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monotocheirodon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCF0EFBCFFCCBFB92" box="[527,794,1056,1096]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCF0EFBCFFCC6FB92" authorityName="Gomes" authorityYear="1947" box="[527,791,1056,1096]" family="Characidae" genus="Odontostoechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Odontostoechus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCE28FBCFFB98FB92" box="[809,1097,1056,1096]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCE28FBCFFB97FB92" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[809,1094,1056,1096]" family="Characidae" genus="Othonocheirodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Othonocheirodus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC958FBCFFACAFB92" box="[1113,1307,1056,1096]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC958FBCFFAC7FB92" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" box="[1113,1302,1056,1096]" family="Characidae" genus="Piabarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piabarchus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC82BFBCFFE7FFBA1" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC82BFBCFFA78FB92" authorityName=", Van &amp; Harold" authorityYear="2001" box="[1322,1449,1056,1096]" family="Characidae" genus="Piabina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piabina</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCDD5FBBBFE7BFBA1" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1944" box="[212,426,1108,1147]" family="Characidae" genus="Rhinobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinobrycon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCF02FBBBFD1DFBA1" box="[515,716,1108,1147]" family="Characidae" genus="Rhinopetitia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCF02FBBBFD1DFBA1" box="[515,716,1108,1147]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Rhinopetitia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), by the presence of a derived dorsal fin with ii,8, instead of ii,9 or higher number of rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801CFFECCC23FB56FABBFAA2" blockId="28.[212,1465,449,2258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC23FB56FE27FB3A" box="[290,502,1209,1248]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC23FB56FE27FB3A" box="[290,502,1209,1248]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species can be recognized and distinguished from glandulocaudines,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC72FB03FDD0FAC8" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Ortega" authorityYear="2000" box="[371,513,1260,1298]" family="Characidae" genus="Attonitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC72FB03FDD0FAC8" box="[371,513,1260,1298]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Attonitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCF55FB03FCBFFAC8" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Pearson" authorityYear="1924" box="[596,878,1260,1298]" family="Characidae" genus="Monotocheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCF55FB03FCBFFAC8" box="[596,878,1260,1298]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Monotocheirodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of the insemination, that is present in those taxa, as well as by the lack of modified caudal organs as described for the glandulocaudine tribes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B74801CFFECCE90FABDFA8AFAA2" author="Weitzman, S. H. &amp; Menezes, N. A." box="[913,1371,1362,1400]" editor="Malabarba, L. &amp; Reis, R. E. &amp; Vari, R. P. &amp; Lucena, Z. M. S. &amp; Lucena, C. A. S." journalOrPublisher="Edipucrs, Porto Alegre" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="171 - 192" refId="ref29008" refString="Weitzman, S. H. &amp; Menezes, N. A. 1998. Relationships of the tribes and genera of the Glandulocaudinae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) with a descrip - tion of a new genus, Chrysobrycon. P. 171 - 192, in: Malabarba, L.; Reis, R. E.; Vari, R. P.; Lucena, Z. M. S. &amp; Lucena, C. A. S. (eds.). Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre." title="Relationships of the tribes and genera of the Glandulocaudinae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) with a descrip - tion of a new genus, Chrysobrycon. P" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes" year="1998">Weitzman &amp; Menezes, 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801CFFECCC21FA6AFAC8F999" blockId="28.[212,1465,449,2258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
A reduced number of pelvic-fin rays (i,6) differentiate
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC9DBFA6AFA64FA71" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1242,1461,1413,1451]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC9DBFA6AFA64FA71" box="[1242,1461,1413,1451]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC2EFA58FE1BFA04" box="[303,458,1463,1502]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC2EFA58FE14FA04" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Ortega" authorityYear="2000" box="[303,453,1463,1502]" family="Characidae" genus="Attonitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Attonitus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCCD9FA58FD02FA04" box="[472,723,1463,1502]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCCD9FA58FD1FFA04" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1929" box="[472,718,1463,1502]" family="Characidae" genus="Bryconacidnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bryconacidnus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCFE3FA58FC22FA04" box="[738,1011,1463,1502]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCFE3FA58FC3FFA04" authorityName=", Malabarba &amp; Kindel" authorityYear="1995" box="[738,1006,1463,1502]" family="Characidae" genus="Bryconamericus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bryconamericus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC905FA58FADFFA04" box="[1028,1294,1463,1502]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC905FA58FAD8FA04" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[1028,1289,1463,1502]" family="Characidae" genus="Ceratobranchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ceratobranchia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC81FFA58FEDBF9CB" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC81FFA58FED4F9CB" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Harold" authorityYear="2001" family="Characidae" genus="Creagrutus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Creagrutus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC1AFA06FE3AF9CB" box="[283,491,1513,1553]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC1AFA06FE36F9CB" authorityName=", Wiley &amp; Collette" authorityYear="1970" box="[283,487,1513,1553]" family="Characidae" genus="Hemibrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemibrycon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCCFAFA06FD1AF9CB" box="[507,715,1513,1553]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCCFAFA06FD16F9CB" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Malabarba" authorityYear="1994" box="[507,711,1513,1553]" family="Characidae" genus="Hypobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypobrycon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCFDDFA06FC36F9CB" box="[732,999,1513,1553]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCFDDFA06FC33F9CB" authorityName="Gomes" authorityYear="1947" box="[732,994,1513,1553]" family="Characidae" genus="Odontostoechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Odontostoechus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCEF8FA06FAC8F9CB" box="[1017,1305,1513,1553]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCEF8FA06FAC5F9CB" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[1017,1300,1513,1553]" family="Characidae" genus="Othonocheirodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Othonocheirodus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC82BFA06FE75F999" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC82BFA06FA78F9CB" authorityName=", Van &amp; Harold" authorityYear="2001" box="[1322,1449,1513,1553]" family="Characidae" genus="Piabina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piabina</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCDD4F9F3FE75F999" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1944" box="[213,420,1564,1603]" family="Characidae" genus="Rhinobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinobrycon</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCCF4F9F3FD12F999" box="[501,707,1564,1603]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCCF4F9F3FD6EF999" box="[501,703,1564,1603]" family="Characidae" genus="Rhinopetitia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinopetitia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
all of which have i,7 pelvic-fin rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801CFFECCC21F9A0FE66F708" blockId="28.[212,1465,449,2258]" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
The presence of a clearly anterior mouth with unspecialized teeth, as well as the absence of modified maxilla, premaxilla, and dentary bones distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCCB6F95AFD5FF901" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[439,654,1717,1755]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCCB6F95AFD5FF901" box="[439,654,1717,1755]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCFF7F95AFC58F901" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Ortega" authorityYear="2000" box="[758,905,1717,1755]" family="Characidae" genus="Attonitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCFF7F95AFC58F901" box="[758,905,1717,1755]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Attonitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as diagnosed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B74801CFFECC9BAF95AFEFDF8D7" author="Vari, R. P. &amp; Ortega, H." journalOrPublisher="Freshwaters" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="13 - 140" part="11" refId="ref28535" refString="Vari, R. P. &amp; Ortega, H. 2000. Attonitus, a new genus of sexually dimorphic characiforms (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from western Amazonia; a phylogenetic definition and description of three new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 11 (2): l 13 - 140." title="Attonitus, a new genus of sexually dimorphic characiforms (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from western Amazonia; a phylogenetic definition and description of three new species. Ichthyol. Explor" type="journal article" year="2000">Vari &amp; Ortega, 2000</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC4EF908FDE2F8D7" authorityName=", Malabarba &amp; Vari" authorityYear="2000" box="[335,563,1767,1805]" family="Characidae" genus="Caiapobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC4EF908FDE2F8D7" box="[335,563,1767,1805]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Caiapobrycon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as diagnosed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B74801CFFECCE71F908FAC5F8D7" author="Malabarba, L. R. &amp; Vari, R. P." box="[880,1300,1767,1805]" journalOrPublisher="Freshwaters" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="315 - 326" part="11" refId="ref27528" refString="Malabarba, L. R. &amp; Vari, R. P. 2000. Caiapobrycon tucurui, a new genus and species of characid from the rio Tocantins basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Ichthyol Explor. Freshwaters, 11 (4): 315 - 326." title="Caiapobrycon tucurui, a new genus and species of characid from the rio Tocantins basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Ichthyol Explor" type="journal article" year="2000">Malabarba &amp; Vari, 2000</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC839F908FEB4F89A" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1914" family="Characidae" genus="Ceratobranchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC839F908FEB4F89A" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Ceratobranchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as diagnosed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B74801CFFECCF8FF8F6FB0FF89A" author="Chernoff, B. &amp; Machado-Allison, A." box="[654,1246,1817,1856]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="261 - 290" part="142" refId="ref26086" refString="Chernoff, B. &amp; Machado-Allison, A. 1990. Characid fishes of the genus Ceratobranchia, with descriptions of new species from Venezuela and Peru. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 142: 261 - 290." title="Characid fishes of the genus Ceratobranchia, with descriptions of new species from Venezuela and Peru" type="journal article" year="1990">Chernoff &amp; Machado-Allison, 1990</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC9FCF8F6FA62F89A" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Harold" authorityYear="2001" box="[1277,1459,1817,1856]" family="Characidae" genus="Creagrutus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC9FCF8F6FA62F89A" box="[1277,1459,1817,1856]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Creagrutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC21F8A4FE4CF8A8" authorityName=", Van &amp; Harold" authorityYear="2001" box="[288,413,1867,1906]" family="Characidae" genus="Piabina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC21F8A4FE4CF8A8" box="[288,413,1867,1906]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Piabina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as diagnosed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B74801CFFECCFDBF8A4FB90F8A8" author="Vari, R. P. &amp; Harold, A. S." box="[730,1089,1867,1906]" editor="Malabarba, L. R. &amp; Reis, R. E. &amp; Vari, R. P. &amp; Lucena, Z. M. S. &amp; Lucena, C. A. S." journalOrPublisher="Porto Alegre, Edipucrs" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="245 - 260" refId="ref28381" refString="Vari, R. P. &amp; Harold, A. S. 1998. The genus Creagrutus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae): monophyly, relationships, and undetected diversity. P. 245 - 260, in: Malabarba, L. R.; Reis, R. E.; Vari, R. P.; Lucena, Z. M. S. &amp; Lucena, C. A. S. (eds.). Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes. Porto Alegre, Edipucrs." title="The genus Creagrutus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae): monophyly, relationships, and undetected diversity. P" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes" year="1998">Vari &amp; Harold, 1998</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC9ACF8A4FAA2F8A8" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Malabarba" authorityYear="1994" box="[1197,1395,1867,1906]" family="Characidae" genus="Hypobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC9ACF8A4FAA2F8A8" box="[1197,1395,1867,1906]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Hypobrycon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as diagnosed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B74801CFFECCCD1F892FC3CF87E" author="Malabarba, M. C. S. L. &amp; Malabarba, L. R." box="[464,1005,1917,1956]" journalOrPublisher="Freshwaters" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="19 - 24" part="5" refId="ref27796" refString="Malabarba, M. C. S. L. &amp; Malabarba, L. R. 1994. Hypobrycon maromba, a new genus and species of Characiform fish from the upper rio Uruguay, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Ichthyol Explor. Freshwaters, 5 (1): 19 - 24." title="Hypobrycon maromba, a new genus and species of Characiform fish from the upper rio Uruguay, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Ichthyol Explor" type="journal article" year="1994">Malabarba &amp; Malabarba, 1994</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B74801CFFECC95CF892FEFDF80C" author="Silva, J. P. da &amp; Malabarba, L. R." journalOrPublisher="Mus. Cienc. PUCRS, Ser. Zool." pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="45 - 53" part="9" refId="ref28212" refString="Silva, J. P. da &amp; Malabarba, L. R. 1996. Description of a new species of Hypobrycon from the upper rio Uruguay, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Comun. Mus. Cienc. PUCRS, Ser. Zool., 9: 45 - 53." title="Description of a new species of Hypobrycon from the upper rio Uruguay, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Comun" type="journal article" year="1996">Silva &amp; Malabarba, 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Although not cladistically diagnosed, the genera
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC971F840FABAF80C" box="[1136,1387,1967,2006]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC971F840FAB7F80C" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1929" box="[1136,1382,1967,2006]" family="Characidae" genus="Bryconacidnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bryconacidnus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC87AF840FEBCF7D3" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC87AF840FEB8F7D3" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1913" family="Characidae" genus="Microgenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microgenys</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC8AF80DFD65F7D3" box="[395,692,2018,2057]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC8AF80DFD60F7D3" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Pearson" authorityYear="1924" box="[395,689,2018,2057]" family="Characidae" genus="Monotocheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monotocheirodon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCFD3F80DFC0CF7D3" box="[722,989,2018,2057]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCFD3F80DFC05F7D3" authorityName="Gomes" authorityYear="1947" box="[722,980,2018,2057]" family="Characidae" genus="Odontostoechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Odontostoechus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCEFBF80DFACAF7D3" box="[1018,1307,2018,2057]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCEFBF80DFAC3F7D3" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[1018,1298,2018,2057]" family="Characidae" genus="Othonocheirodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Othonocheirodus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECC836F80DFEF6F7E0" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECC836F80DFEF3F7E0" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" family="Characidae" genus="Piabarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piabarchus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCC34F7FBFDDEF7E0" box="[309,527,2068,2106]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCC34F7FBFDDBF7E0" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1944" box="[309,522,2068,2106]" family="Characidae" genus="Rhinobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinobrycon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCF65F7FBFCF8F7E0" box="[612,809,2068,2106]" family="Characidae" genus="Rhinopetitia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCF65F7FBFCF8F7E0" box="[612,809,2068,2106]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Rhinopetitia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are all characterized by the specialized mouth placed anteroventrally or ventrally with modified teeth and maxilla, premaxilla and dentary bones, features not shared with the species of
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801CFFECCDD7F744FE66F708" box="[214,439,2219,2258]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801CFFECCDD7F744FE62F708" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[214,435,2219,2258]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cyanocharax</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCC45FEF3FE7EFE3A" blockId="29.[246,1495,284,1361]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCC45FEF3FDF1FE9E" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[324,544,284,324]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCC45FEF3FDF1FE9E" box="[324,544,284,324]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished from
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC926FEF3FE7CFEA2" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC926FEF3FA9DFE9E" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Pearson" authorityYear="1924" box="[1063,1356,284,324]" family="Characidae" genus="Monotocheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monotocheirodon</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC86AFEF3FE79FEA2" authorityName="Gomes" authorityYear="1947" family="Characidae" genus="Odontostoechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Odontostoechus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCF02FEBEFCCEFEA2" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[515,799,337,376]" family="Characidae" genus="Othonocheirodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCF02FEBEFCCEFEA2" box="[515,799,337,376]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Othonocheirodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of two tooth series in the premaxilla (versus one in
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCFAAFE6BFC00FE71" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Pearson" authorityYear="1924" box="[683,977,388,427]" family="Characidae" genus="Monotocheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCFAAFE6BFC00FE71" box="[683,977,388,427]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Monotocheirodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCEEDFE6BFB22FE71" authorityName="Gomes" authorityYear="1947" box="[1004,1267,388,427]" family="Characidae" genus="Odontostoechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCEEDFE6BFB22FE71" box="[1004,1267,388,427]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Odontostoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC84BFE6BFE48FE3A" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" family="Characidae" genus="Othonocheirodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC84BFE6BFE48FE3A" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Othonocheirodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCC40FE02FA5EFD6A" blockId="29.[246,1495,284,1361]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
The 21 to 35 branched anal-fin rays further distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC9F7FE02FA03FDCE" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1270,1490,493,532]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC9F7FE02FA03FDCE" box="[1270,1490,493,532]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCC5AFDCFFD95FD9D" authorityName=", Malabarba &amp; Vari" authorityYear="2000" box="[347,580,544,583]" family="Characidae" genus="Caiapobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCC5AFDCFFD95FD9D" box="[347,580,544,583]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Caiapobrycon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8 to 10 branched anal-fin rays),
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC9A5FDCFFAE8FD9D" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Ortega" authorityYear="2000" box="[1188,1337,544,583]" family="Characidae" genus="Attonitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC9A5FDCFFAE8FD9D" box="[1188,1337,544,583]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Attonitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(11 - 17),
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCDFBFDBAFE2FFDA6" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[250,510,597,636]" family="Characidae" genus="Ceratobranchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCDFBFDBAFE2FFDA6" box="[250,510,597,636]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Ceratobranchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(11 - 19),
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCFB2FDBAFC54FDA6" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1944" box="[691,901,597,636]" family="Characidae" genus="Rhinobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCFB2FDBAFC54FDA6" box="[691,901,597,636]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Rhinobrycon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(11 - 14),
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC939FDBAFAFFFDA6" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1929" box="[1080,1326,597,636]" family="Characidae" genus="Bryconacidnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC939FDBAFAFFFDA6" box="[1080,1326,597,636]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Bryconacidnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(total of 14- 17 anal-fin rays), and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCF9FFD66FC87FD6A" authorityName=", Vari &amp; Harold" authorityYear="2001" box="[670,854,649,688]" family="Characidae" genus="Creagrutus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCF9FFD66FC87FD6A" box="[670,854,649,688]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Creagrutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8-18) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B74801DFFEDCEE7FD66FAAEFD6A" author="Malabarba, L. R. &amp; Vari, R. P." box="[998,1407,649,688]" journalOrPublisher="Freshwaters" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" pagination="315 - 326" part="11" refId="ref27528" refString="Malabarba, L. R. &amp; Vari, R. P. 2000. Caiapobrycon tucurui, a new genus and species of characid from the rio Tocantins basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Ichthyol Explor. Freshwaters, 11 (4): 315 - 326." title="Caiapobrycon tucurui, a new genus and species of characid from the rio Tocantins basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Ichthyol Explor" type="journal article" year="2000">Malabarba &amp; Vari, 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCC45FD53FCA5FC6E" blockId="29.[246,1495,284,1361]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCC45FD53FDF0FD3E" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[324,545,700,740]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCC45FD53FDF0FD3E" box="[324,545,700,740]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCEA0FD53FBE6FD3E" authorityName=", Gery" authorityYear="1966" box="[929,1079,700,740]" family="Characidae" genus="Boehlkea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCEA0FD53FBE6FD3E" box="[929,1079,700,740]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Boehlkea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC990FD53FA8BFD3E" authorityName=", Wiley &amp; Collette" authorityYear="1970" box="[1169,1370,700,740]" family="Characidae" genus="Hemibrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC990FD53FA8BFD3E" box="[1169,1370,700,740]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Hemibrycon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the incompletely toothed maxilla, with 2 to 8 teeth (versus almost to completely toothed in
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCF2DFCCAFD1CFC96" box="[556,717,805,844]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCF2DFCCAFD19FC96" authorityName=", Gery" authorityYear="1966" box="[556,712,805,844]" family="Characidae" genus="Boehlkea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Boehlkea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with 11 -21 teeth, and 6-20 teeth in
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC835FCCAFEE1FCA5" authorityName=", Wiley &amp; Collette" authorityYear="1970" family="Characidae" genus="Hemibrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC835FCCAFEE1FCA5" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Hemibrycon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCFE2FCB7FC8EFCA5" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[739,863,856,895]" family="Characidae" genus="Knodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCFE2FCB7FC8EFCA5" box="[739,863,856,895]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Knodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of scales covering the proximal region of the caudal-fin rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCC42FC2EFE8EFA8B" blockId="29.[246,1495,284,1361]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
The genera
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCF13FC2EFCCEFC32" authorityName=", Malabarba &amp; Kindel" authorityYear="1995" box="[530,799,961,1000]" family="Characidae" genus="Bryconamericus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCF13FC2EFCCEFC32" box="[530,799,961,1000]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Bryconamericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 51 species,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC923FC2EFB3AFC32" authorityName=", Wiley &amp; Collette" authorityYear="1970" box="[1058,1259,961,1000]" family="Characidae" genus="Hemibrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC923FC2EFB3AFC32" box="[1058,1259,961,1000]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Hemibrycon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 19 species and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCC41FC1BFE6CFBC1" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[320,445,1012,1051]" family="Characidae" genus="Knodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCC41FC1BFE6CFBC1" box="[320,445,1012,1051]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Knodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 16 species lack a diagnosis based on putatively apomorphic characters, and their species are so morphologically diverse that the limits among those genera have long been considered uncertain. Although the characters given to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCE0AFB7FFC39FB6D" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[779,1000,1168,1207]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCE0AFB7FFC39FB6D" box="[779,1000,1168,1207]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the above three genera apply for most of their species, our comparisons herein were primarily concerned with distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCFFCFB18FC0BFAC5" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[765,986,1271,1311]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCFFCFB18FC0BFAC5" box="[765,986,1271,1311]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the type species of each genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C333650E801DFFEECF44FA45FA78FB66" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" type="key">
<key id="FFB861B4801DFFEECF44FA45FA78FB66" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCF44FA45FB59FA0B" blockId="29.[581,1160,1450,1489]" box="[581,1160,1450,1489]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801DFFEDCF44FA45FB59FA0B" box="[581,1160,1450,1489]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<keyStep id="30DD2E20801DFFEDCF44FA45FB59FA0B" box="[581,1160,1450,1489]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDCEAAFA45FB59FA0B" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[939,1160,1450,1489]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDCEAAFA45FB59FA0B" box="[939,1160,1450,1489]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">Cyanocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30DD2E20801DFFEDCDFFF9ECFA1CF885" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCDFFF9ECFA01F94A" blockId="29.[248,1496,1539,2197]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801DFFEDCDFFF9ECFA01F94A" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">1. - Lateral line usually complete. Anal-fin origin clearly posterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Anal-fin distal border concave in males......... ..................................................................................................................................2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCDFFF971FA1CF885" blockId="29.[248,1496,1539,2197]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801DFFEDCDFFF971FA1CF885" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">1 - Lateral line never complete (interrupted, or with alternated series of perforated and non perforated scales). Anal-fin origin nearly along vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Anal-fin distal border convex or nearly straight in mature males..................................................................................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E20801DFFEDCDF8F883FA18F7F6" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCDF8F883FA6FF81C" blockId="29.[248,1496,1539,2197]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801DFFEDCDF8F883FA6FF81C" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">2 - Anal fin black pigmented, with distal tip ofanterior lobe unpigmented. Adipose fin black in preserved mature males and females............................ 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEDCDF8F83DFA18F7F6" blockId="29.[248,1496,1539,2197]" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801DFFEDCDF8F83DFA18F7F6" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
2 -Anal fin unpigmented, without distinctive marks. Adipose fin not pigmented in preserved mature males and females....................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC9ECF7EAFA18F7F6" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1261,1481,2053,2092]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC9ECF7EAFA18F7F6" box="[1261,1481,2053,2092]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">C.alburnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8B963685801DFFEECDFBF7D5FA78FEA5" blockId="29.[248,1496,1539,2197]" lastBlockId="30.[205,1455,292,1212]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<keyStep id="30DD2E20801DFFEECDFBF7D5FA78FEA5" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801DFFEDCDFBF7D5FA00F74F" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
3 - Eleven to 13 scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and pelvic-fin origin............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801DFFEDC829F782FA00F74F" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1320,1489,2157,2197]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itaimbe">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801DFFEDC829F782FA00F74F" box="[1320,1489,2157,2197]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">C. itaimbe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
<keyLead id="30D895B0801EFFEECDCFFECBFA78FEA5" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
3 - Ten to 11 scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and pelvic-fin origin..
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801EFFEEC979FEB7FA78FEA5" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1144,1449,344,383]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicropotamicus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801EFFEEC979FEB7FA78FEA5" box="[1144,1449,344,383]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">C. dicropotamicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30DD2E20801EFFEECDCFFE63FA75FD6D" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<paragraph id="8B963685801EFFEECDCFFE63FA41FDC0" blockId="30.[205,1455,292,1212]" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801EFFEECDCFFE63FA41FDC0" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
4 - Anal fin with one row of 7- 13 small scales covering basal part of unbranched anal-fin rays and anterior 7- 13 branched anal-fin rays................... .................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801EFFEEC9F7FE17FA41FDC0" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1270,1424,504,538]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tipiaia">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801EFFEEC9F7FE17FA41FDC0" box="[1270,1424,504,538]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">C. tipiaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801EFFEECDCFFDC7FA75FD6D" blockId="30.[205,1455,292,1212]" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801EFFEECDCFFDC7FA75FD6D" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">4 - Anal fin with one row of more than 12 small scales covering basal part of unbranched anal-fin rays and anterior 12 -20 branched anal-fin rays or all branched anal-fin rays ............................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E20801EFFEECDCEFD2CFA7AFC5F" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<paragraph id="8B963685801EFFEECDCEFD2CFA77FCC4" blockId="30.[205,1455,292,1212]" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801EFFEECDCEFD2CFA77FCC4" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
5 - Distal border of anal fin in mature males nearly straight. Body scales in longitudinal series 37-39 (usually 37-38) ..............................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801EFFEEC9C7FD18FA77FCC4" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1222,1446,759,798]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepiclastus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801EFFEEC9C7FD18FA77FCC4" box="[1222,1446,759,798]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">C. lepiclastus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801EFFEECDD1FCC4FA7AFC5F" blockId="30.[205,1455,292,1212]" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801EFFEECDD1FCC4FA7AFC5F" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
5 - Distal border of anal fin in mature males strongly convex (
<figureCitation id="13122A00801EFFEEC9FAFCC4FABEFC88" box="[1275,1391,811,850]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[358,459,1291,1327]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Left view of the anal fin of a male of Cyanocharax alegretensis showing the distribution of the anal-fin hooks (MCP 11232,39.3 mm SL)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10813280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10813280/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
, 8). Body scales in longitudinal series 36-38 (usually 36-37)............................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E20801EFFEECDCEFC7DFA78FB66" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<paragraph id="8B963685801EFFEECDCEFC7DFA7EFBFB" blockId="30.[205,1455,292,1212]" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801EFFEECDCEFC7DFA7EFBFB" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
6 - Branched anal-fin rays, 23-30 (usually 25-28). Anal fin with basal sheath of scales, consisting of 1 row with 12- 18 small scales, covering bases of unbranched rays and first 12 to 18 branched rays ..
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801EFFEEC9B7FC16FA7EFBFB" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1206,1455,1017,1057]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alegretensis">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801EFFEEC9B7FC16FA7EFBFB" box="[1206,1455,1017,1057]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">C. alegretensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963685801EFFEECDD1FBC2FA78FB66" blockId="30.[205,1455,292,1212]" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
<keyLead id="30D895B0801EFFEECDD1FBC2FA78FB66" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
6 - Branched anal-fin rays, 28-35 (usually 29-33). Anal fin with basal sheath of scales, consisting of one row with 20-28 small scales, covering anterior 22 branched rays, to all anal-fin base ........................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D06801EFFEEC9B0FB7AFA78FB66" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1201,1449,1173,1212]" family="Characidae" genus="Cyanocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macropinna">
<emphasis id="B95DEA97801EFFEEC9B0FB7AFA78FB66" box="[1201,1449,1173,1212]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">C. macropinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>