1549 lines
107 KiB
XML
1549 lines
107 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1121-145" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7AA4A7A27F825B08A29992271115479D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1121-145" checkinTime="1663323269534" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hata, Harutaka, Lavoue, Sebastien & Motomura, Hiroyuki" docDate="2022" docId="67E690268C765B8684F8C5E877CDE39C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1121: 145-173" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1121" docPubDate="2022-09-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171" docTitle="Stolephorus bengalensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="7AA4A7A27F825B08A29992271115479D" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="7AA4A7A27F825B08A29992271115479D" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species previously identified as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959) or Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 and a re-description of S. bengalensis (Chordata, Osteichthyes, Clupeiformes, Engraulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="173" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1663323571165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of three new species previously identified as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959) or Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 and a re-description of S. bengalensis (Chordata, Osteichthyes, Clupeiformes, Engraulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hata, Harutaka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6996-3628</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">k2795502@kadai.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lavoue, Sebastien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-6666</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>th</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Motomura, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-2482</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>and Constitution Ave, NW Washington, DC 20560, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1121</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>145</mods:start>
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<mods:end>173</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1121-145</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7AA4A7A27F825B08A29992271115479D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:67E690268C765B8684F8C5E877CDE39C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/67E690268C765B8684F8C5E877CDE39C" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName LSID="67E69026-8C76-5B86-84F8-C5E877CDE39C" authority="(Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A lateral B dorsal and C ventral views of neotype of Stolephorus bengalensis (USNM 276476, 45.6 mm SL, Gulf of Mannar, India). Scale bars indicate 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743791" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
[English name:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hardenberg’s">Hardenberg's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Anchovy] Figs 2
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stained scale removed from right side of mid-body (above anal fin) of Stolephorus bengalensis, BMNH 1969.5.30.34 - 45, 47.8 mm SL, Chennai, India (left-right inverted; scale bar indicates 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743792" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" authorityYear="1959" class="Actinopterygii" family="Engraulidae" genus="Anchoviella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchoviella baganensis subsp. bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="baganensis" subSpecies="bengalensis">Anchoviella baganensis bengalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959: 160 [original locality: Waltair and Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, east coast of India; type locality: Kilakarai, Gulf of Mannar, India, based on the neotype designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="7 - 38" refId="B21" refString="Hata, H, Lavoue, S, Motomura, H, 2019. Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 67 (1): 7 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" title="Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" volume="67" year="2019">Hata et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus baganensis subsp. macrops" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="baganensis" subSpecies="macrops">Stolephorus baganensis macrops</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lapsus memoriae for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus megalops" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">Stolephorus megalops</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (not of Delsman):
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitehead, PJP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="13 - 37" refId="B34" refString="Whitehead, PJP, 1967. Indian Ocean anchovies collected by the Anton Bruun and Te Vega, 1963-1964. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 9: 13 - 37" title="Indian Ocean anchovies collected by the Anton Bruun and Te Vega, 1963 - 1964." volume="9" year="1967">Whitehead 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part): 18 (Bay of Bengal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hata & Lavoué & Motomura" authorityYear="2022" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus insularis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">Stolephorus insularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not of Delsman):
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitehead, PJP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="B35" refString="Whitehead, PJP, Nelson, GJ, Wongratana, T, 1988. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 125 7(2):[i-viii +] 305-579." title="FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 125 7 (2): [i-viii +] 305 - 579." year="1988">Whitehead et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part): 413 (northern part of Indian Ocean);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young, S-S" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="217 - 227" refId="B40" refString="Young, S-S, Chiu, T-S, Shen, S-C, 1994. A revision of the family Engraulidae (Pisces) from Taiwan. Zoological Studies 33 (3): 217 - 227" title="A revision of the family Engraulidae (Pisces) from Taiwan." volume="33" year="1994">Young et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 222, fig. 7 (Wangkun and Fangliao, Taiwan);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wongratana, T" editor="Carpenter, KE" journalOrPublisher="The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes pt 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="1698 - 1753" refId="B39" refString="Wongratana, T, Munroe, TA, Nizinski, MS, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter, KE, Niem, VH, Eds., FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes pt 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome: 1698 - 1753" title="Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies." volumeTitle="FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes." year="1999">Wongratana et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part): 1736 (northern part of Indian Ocean);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" author="Gangan, SS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="561 - 574" refId="B7" refString="Gangan, SS, Pavan-Kumar, A, Jahageerdar, S, Jaiswar, AK, 2020. A new species of Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa 4743 (3): 561 - 574, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" title="A new species of Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Bay of Bengal." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" volume="4743" year="2020">Gangan et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 562, fig. 5 (Kochi, Kerala State, India).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">Stolephorus bengalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="7 - 38" refId="B21" refString="Hata, H, Lavoue, S, Motomura, H, 2019. Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 67 (1): 7 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" title="Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" volume="67" year="2019">Hata et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part): 24, fig. 12 (Pakistan and India; neotype designation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="neotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Neotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">USNM 276476, 45.8 mm SL, Kilakarai, Gulf of Mannar, India, 20 Feb 1964, J. W. Reintjes and P. S. B. R. James.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="non-type specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Non-type specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
46 specimens, 30.8-58.7 mm SL.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">India</emphasis>
|
||
: BMNH 1969.5.30.34-45, 12 specimens, Chennai, Tamil Nadu State; OCF-P 10435, 4 specimens, 30.8-38.1 mm SL, estuary of Hooghly River, West Bengal State (purchased in fish market in Kolkata, West Bengal State); USNM 204227, 21 specimens, 42.7-51.8 mm SL, Sassan Docks, Mumbai, Maharashtra State.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Pakistan</emphasis>
|
||
: KAUM-I. 69286, 50.0 mm SL, KAUM-I. 69287, 58.7 mm SL, KAUM-I. 69288, 50.5 mm SL, KAUM-I. 69289, 54.4 mm SL, KAUM-I. 69290, 49.0 mm SL, KAUM-I. 69291, 53.1 mm SL, KAUM-I. 69292, 47.3 mm SL, KAUM-I. 69294, 58.6 mm, KAUM-I. 69295, 58.6 mm, West Wharf, Karachi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743791" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
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dorsal and
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral views of neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 276476, 45.6 mm SL, Gulf of Mannar, India). Scale bars indicate 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the following combination of characters: 1UGR 16-19 (modally 18), 1LGR 23-27 (25), 1TGR 40-45 (44); 2UGR 11-15 (13), 2LGR 21-25 (23), 2TGR 33-39 (36); 3UGR 10-12 (11), 3LGR 13-15 (13), 3TGR 23-27 (24); 4UGR 7-9 (8), 4LGR 10-12 (11), 4TGR 17-21 (19); prepelvic scutes 5-7 (6); total vertebrae 40 or 41 (40); long maxilla, posterior tip just reaching or slightly short of posterior margin of opercle; predorsal scutes present; pelvic scute without spine; body scales deciduous; posterior border of pre-opercle concave, indented; paired dark patch on parietal area with little following pigmentation; distinct double pigment lines along dorsum posterior to dorsal fin; black spots below eye and on lower-jaw tip absent; anal-fin base long, 19.0-21.3% (20.2%) of SL; maximum orbit diameter 7.3-8.6% (8.1%) of SL; third dorsal-fin ray long, 18.5-19.9% (19.0%) of SL; pelvic fin rather long, 9.4-11.0% (10.2%) of SL, its posterior tip not reaching to vertical through dorsal-fin origin when depressed in specimens> 50 mm SL; distance between posterior ends of supramaxilla and maxilla 5.3-6.6% (5.8%) of SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Data for neotype presented first, followed by data for non-type specimens in parentheses (if different). Counts and measurements, expressed as percentages of SL or HL, given in Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Meristics of specimens of Stolephorus bengalensis and Stolephorus eldorado sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2317433B9501D4D93B9CB49B040B4E89" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" tableUuid="2317433B9501D4D93B9CB49B040B4E89">2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometrics of specimens of Stolephorus bengalensis and Stolephorus eldorado sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EA8144E4A8DCAEDAB8E2064C499B4887" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" tableUuid="EA8144E4A8DCAEDAB8E2064C499B4887">3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Body laterally compressed, elongate, deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head and body slightly convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, gently lowering to uppermost point of caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of head and body slightly convex from lower jaw tip to pelvic-fin insertion, thereafter, slowly rising to lowermost point of caudal-fin base. Single spine-like scute just anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Abdomen somewhat rounded, covered with seven (four to seven) spine-like prepelvic scutes. Pelvic scute without spine. Postpelvic scutes absent. Anus just anterior to anal-fin origin. Snout tip rounded; snout length less than eye diameter. Mouth large, inferior, ventral to body axis, extending backwards beyond posterior margin of eye. Maxilla long, its posterior tip pointed, just reaching (or slightly short of) opercle posterior margin. Lower jaw slender. Single row of conical teeth on both jaws and palatine. Patch of fine conical teeth on pterygoid. Several distinct conical teeth on vomer. Several rows of conical teeth on upper edges of basihyal and basibranchial. Eye large, round, covered with adipose eyelid, positioned laterally on head dorsal to horizontal through pectoral-fin insertion, visible in dorsal view. Pupil round. Orbit elliptical. Nostrils close to each other, anterior to orbit. Posterior margin of pre-opercle concave, indented. Subopercle and opercle with smoothly rounded posterior margins. Gill membrane without serrations. Interorbital space flat, width less than eye diameter. Pseudobranchial filaments present, length of longest filament less than eye diameter. Gill rakers long, slender, rough, visible from side of head when mouth opened. Single row of asperities on anterior surface of gill rakers. Isthmus muscle long, reaching anteriorly to posterior margin of gill membranes. Urohyal hidden by isthmus muscle, not visible without dissection. Gill membrane on each side joined distally, most of isthmus muscle exposed, not covered by gill membrane. Scales on lateral surface of body thin, cycloid, deciduous, those on lateral body surface with several centrally continuous vertical grooves and several longitudinal striae anteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stained scale removed from right side of mid-body (above anal fin) of Stolephorus bengalensis, BMNH 1969.5.30.34 - 45, 47.8 mm SL, Chennai, India (left-right inverted; scale bar indicates 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743792" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head scales absent. Fins scaleless, except for broad triangular sheath of scales on caudal fin. Dorsal-fin origin posterior to vertical through base of last pelvic-fin ray, slightly posterior to middle of body. Dorsal and anal fins with three anteriormost rays unbranched. First dorsal- and anal-fin rays minute. Anteriormost three rays of both dorsal and anal fins closely spaced. Anal-fin origin just below base of tenth (ninth to eleventh) dorsal-fin ray. Posterior tip of depressed anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray unbranched, inserted below body axis. Posterior tip of pectoral fin not reaching to pelvic fin insertion. Dorsal, ventral and posterior margins of pectoral fin nearly linear. Pelvic fin shorter than pectoral fin, insertion anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Posterior tip of depressed pelvic fin not reaching to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked, posterior tips pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="2317433B9501D4D93B9CB49B040B4E89" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2317433B9501D4D93B9CB49B040B4E89" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Meristics of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hata & Lavoué & Motomura" authorityYear="2022" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus eldorado" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldorado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus eldorado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hata & Lavoué & Motomura" authorityYear="2022" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus eldorado" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldorado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus eldorado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="2">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
Neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" authorityYear="1959" class="Actinopterygii" family="Engraulidae" genus="Anchoviella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchoviella baganensis subsp. bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="baganensis" subSpecies="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Anchoviella baganensis bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Non-types</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Paratypes</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">USNM 276476</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 46
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">KAUM-I. 94517</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 57
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Standard length (mm)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">45.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">30.8-58.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
Modes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">44.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">37.5-58.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
Modes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Dorsal-fin rays (unbranched)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Dorsal-fin rays (branched)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">11-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">11-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Anal-fin rays (unbranched)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3*</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Anal-fin rays (branched)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16-20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16-19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin rays (unbranched)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin rays (branched)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">9-13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Pelvic-fin rays (unbranched)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Pelvic-fin rays (branched)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 1st gill arch (upper)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17-19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16-21</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 1st gill arch (lower)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">24</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">23-27</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">26</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">23-28</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 1st gill arch (total)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">40-45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
44
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">44</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">40-47</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
42
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 2nd gill arch (upper)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">11-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 2nd gill arch (lower)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">22</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">21-25</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
23
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">24</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">20-24</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
23
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 2nd gill arch (total)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">33-39</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
36
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">36</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">30-38</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
36
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 3rd gill arch (upper)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 3rd gill arch (lower)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13-15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">12-14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 3rd gill arch (total)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">23</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">23-27</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
24
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">23</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">20-26</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
23
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 4th gill arch (upper)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">7-9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">7-10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 4th gill arch (lower)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">9-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on 4th gill arch (total)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17-21</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16-22</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Gill rakers on posterior face of 3rd gill arch</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">4-7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">4-7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Prepelvic scutes</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5-7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5-7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Scale rows in longitudinal series</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">34-36</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">34</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">34-36</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Transverse scales</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8-9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Pseudobranchial filaments</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">broken</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">14-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Total vertebrae</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">40-41</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">39</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">38-40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
39
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="0" pageNumber="145">*one specimen with 4 unbranched anal-fin rays.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="EA8144E4A8DCAEDAB8E2064C499B4887" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EA8144E4A8DCAEDAB8E2064C499B4887" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hata & Lavoué & Motomura" authorityYear="2022" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus eldorado" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldorado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus eldorado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hata & Lavoué & Motomura" authorityYear="2022" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus eldorado" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldorado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus eldorado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="2">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
Neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" authorityYear="1959" class="Actinopterygii" family="Engraulidae" genus="Anchoviella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchoviella baganensis subsp. bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="baganensis" subSpecies="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Anchoviella baganensis bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Non-types</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Paratypes</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">USNM 276476</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 46
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">KAUM-I. 94517</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 57
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Standard length (mm)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">45.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">30.8-58.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
Means
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">44.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">37.5-58.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
Means
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="7" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">As % SL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Head length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">25.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">23.0-26.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
24.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">26.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">22.8-27.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
25.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Body depth</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">20.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.8-22.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
21.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17.3-22.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
20.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Pre-dorsal-fin length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">56.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">52.3-57.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
54.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">53.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">51.6-56.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
54.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Snout tip to pectoral-fin insertion</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">29.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">25.1-27.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
26.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">28.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">22.5-29.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
26.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Snout tip to pelvic-fin insertion</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">47.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">42.4-49.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
45.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">45.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">43.9-48.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
46.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Snout tip to anal-fin origin</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">66.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">61.3-66.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
64.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">61.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">61.3-66.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
63.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Dorsal-fin base length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13.3-15.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
14.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">14.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13.2-15.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
14.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Anal-fin base length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">20.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.0-21.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
20.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">20.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.0-22.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
20.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Caudal-peduncle length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16.0-20.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">18.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16.4-19.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Caudal-peduncle depth</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">9.3-11.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">9.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8.7-10.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">D-P1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">37.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">33.9-38.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
35.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">34.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">34.2-39.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
36.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">D-P2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">23.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">21.3-25.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
23.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">20.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.1-26.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
23.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">D-A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">22.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">21.3-24.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
22.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">20.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.2-23.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
21.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">P1-P2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">22.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17.3-22.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
19.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16.9-23.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
20.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">P2-A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">15.9-20.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">16.1-20.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
18.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">broken</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">15.9-16.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
16.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">18.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">14.9-18.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
16.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Pelvic-fin length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">broken</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">9.4-11.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
10..2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">10.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">9.1-11.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Maxilla length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">broken</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.7-22.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
21.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">21.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">19.6-22.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
21.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Lower-jaw length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">15.3-17.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
16.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">17.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">14.6-17.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
16.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Supramaxilla end to maxilla end</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">broken</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5.3-6.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
5.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5.0-6.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
5.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Maximum orbit diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">7.3-8.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
8.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">9.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8.2-9.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
8.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Eye diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6.1-7.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
6.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6.4-8.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Snout length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">4.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3.4-4.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
3.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3.1-4.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
3.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Interorbital width</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6.74</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5.2-6.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
5.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">4.9-6.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
5.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">Postorbital length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">12.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">11.8-14.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
13.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">12.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">11.6-14.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1st dorsal-fin ray length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">0.9-2.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">0.9-2.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">2nd dorsal-fin ray length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">7.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6.6-8.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">broken</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5.9-8.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3rd dorsal-fin ray length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">18.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">18.5-19.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
19.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">broken</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">15.9-18.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
17.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1st anal-fin ray length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1.0-2.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">0.8-2.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">2nd anal-fin ray length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">5.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">4.6-6.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
5.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">4.1-6.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
5.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">3rd anal-fin ray length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">14.0-16.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
15.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">14.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">13.3-15.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
|
||
14.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Abbreviations: D-P1 (distance from dorsal-fin origin to pectoral-fin insertion); D-P2 (distance from dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin insertion); D-A (distance between origins of dorsal and anal fins); P1-P2 (distance between insertions of pectoral and pelvic fins); P2-A (distance between pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin).</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743792" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Stained scale removed from right side of mid-body (above anal fin) of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, BMNH 1969.5.30.34-45, 47.8 mm SL, Chennai, India (left-right inverted; scale bar indicates 0.5 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="colour of preserved specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Colour of preserved specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Body uniformly pale ivory. A pair of distinct dark patches on parietal region, with little pigmentation on occipital area. Double pigmented lines dorsally posterior to dorsal fin. A few melanophores scattered anteriorly on snout. No black spots below eye and on lower-jaw tip. Melanophores scattered along bases of dorsal and anal fins. All fins transparent, melanophores scattered along fin rays of caudal fin and anterior parts of dorsal and anal fins.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in the northern Indian Ocean from Pakistan to the Bay of Bengal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of the northern part of the Indo-West Pacific region showing distributional records of Stolephorus bengalensis (red circles), S. diabolus (yellow squares) sp. nov., S. eclipsis (green diamond) sp. nov. and S. eldorado (blue triangles) sp. nov., based on specimens examined in this study. Land masses outlined with black lines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743793" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is abundantly landed and marketed along the coast of the Bay of Bengal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743793" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of the northern part of the Indo-West Pacific region showing distributional records of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red circles),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. diabolus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="diabolus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. diabolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow squares) sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. eclipsis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="eclipsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. eclipsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green diamond) sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. eldorado" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="eldorado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. eldorado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue triangles) sp. nov., based on specimens examined in this study. Land masses outlined with black lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="morphological comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Morphological comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been considered conspecific with the three new species described herein, the four species being easily separable from all other congeners, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus acinaces" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acinaces">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus acinaces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Babu Rao" authorityYear="1966" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus andhraensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andhraensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus andhraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Babu Rao, 1966,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="De Vis" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus carpentariae" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpentariae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus carpentariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(De Vis, 1882),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus hindustanensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hindustanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus hindustanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hata & Motomura, 2022,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus holodon" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holodon">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus holodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1983" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus ronquilloi" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ronquilloi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus ronquilloi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wongratana, 1983 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gangan, Pavan-Kumar, Jahageerdar & Jaiswar" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus tamilensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus tamilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gangan, Pavan-Kumar, Jahageerdar & Jaiswar, 2020, the former having a concavely indented pre-opercular margin and lacking a spine on the pelvic scute (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitehead, PJP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="B35" refString="Whitehead, PJP, Nelson, GJ, Wongratana, T, 1988. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 125 7(2):[i-viii +] 305-579." title="FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 125 7 (2): [i-viii +] 305 - 579." year="1988">Whitehead et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wongratana, T" editor="Carpenter, KE" journalOrPublisher="The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes pt 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="1698 - 1753" refId="B39" refString="Wongratana, T, Munroe, TA, Nizinski, MS, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter, KE, Niem, VH, Eds., FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes pt 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome: 1698 - 1753" title="Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies." volumeTitle="FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes." year="1999">Wongratana et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
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|
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,
|
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,
|
||
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,
|
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|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010010" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="124 - 135" refId="B20" refString="Hata, H, Motomura, H, 2022. Redescription of Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983 and description of Stolephorus hindustanensis, new anchovy from the western coast of India (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Taxonomy 2 (1): 124 - 135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010010" title="Redescription of Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983 and description of Stolephorus hindustanensis, new anchovy from the western coast of India (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010010" volume="2" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="7 - 38" refId="B21" refString="Hata, H, Lavoue, S, Motomura, H, 2019. Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 67 (1): 7 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" title="Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" volume="67" year="2019">Hata et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.4.5" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="509 - 520" refId="B22" refString="Hata, H, Lavoue, S, Motomura, H, 2020a. Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines. Zootaxa 4178 (4): 509 - 520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.4.5" title="Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.4.5" volume="4178" year="2020 a">2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01115-2" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination=": 102" refId="B23" refString="Hata, H, Lavoue, S, Motomura, H, 2020b. Stolephorus acinaces, a new anchovy from the northern Borneo, and redescription of Stolephorus andhraensis (Babu Rao 1966) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Marine Biodiversity 50 (6): 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01115-2" title="Stolephorus acinaces, a new anchovy from the northern Borneo, and redescription of Stolephorus andhraensis (Babu Rao 1966) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01115-2" volume="50" year="2020 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00792-0" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="327 - 372" refId="B24" refString="Hata, H, Lavoue, S, Motomura, H, 2021. Taxonomic status of nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus previously regarded as synonyms of Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepede 1803 and Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt 1823), and descriptions of three new species (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 68 (3): 327 - 372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00792-0" title="Taxonomic status of nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus previously regarded as synonyms of Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepede 1803 and Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt 1823), and descriptions of three new species (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00792-0" volume="68" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" author="Gangan, SS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="561 - 574" refId="B7" refString="Gangan, SS, Pavan-Kumar, A, Jahageerdar, S, Jaiswar, AK, 2020. A new species of Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa 4743 (3): 561 - 574, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" title="A new species of Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Bay of Bengal." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" volume="4743" year="2020">Gangan et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the former four species are distinguished from the other seven by having a predorsal scute (vs. absent in the latter) and double dark lines on the dorsum posterior to the dorsal fin (vs. no lines on the dorsum, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hindustanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="hindustanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. hindustanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ronquilloi" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="ronquilloi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. ronquilloi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. carpentariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="carpentariae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. carpentariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bengalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the three new species in having 19 or 20 branched anal-fin rays [16-18 (rarely 19 or 20) in the remaining five species] and the anal-fin origin located below the origin of the second to sixth dorsal-fin ray (vs. eighth to eleventh) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitehead, PJP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="B35" refString="Whitehead, PJP, Nelson, GJ, Wongratana, T, 1988. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 125 7(2):[i-viii +] 305-579." title="FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 125 7 (2): [i-viii +] 305 - 579." year="1988">Whitehead et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wongratana, T" editor="Carpenter, KE" journalOrPublisher="The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes pt 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="1698 - 1753" refId="B39" refString="Wongratana, T, Munroe, TA, Nizinski, MS, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter, KE, Niem, VH, Eds., FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes pt 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome: 1698 - 1753" title="Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies." volumeTitle="FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes." year="1999">Wongratana et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" author="Gangan, SS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="561 - 574" refId="B7" refString="Gangan, SS, Pavan-Kumar, A, Jahageerdar, S, Jaiswar, AK, 2020. A new species of Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa 4743 (3): 561 - 574, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" title="A new species of Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Bay of Bengal." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.6" volume="4743" year="2020">Gangan et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01115-2" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination=": 102" refId="B23" refString="Hata, H, Lavoue, S, Motomura, H, 2020b. Stolephorus acinaces, a new anchovy from the northern Borneo, and redescription of Stolephorus andhraensis (Babu Rao 1966) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Marine Biodiversity 50 (6): 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01115-2" title="Stolephorus acinaces, a new anchovy from the northern Borneo, and redescription of Stolephorus andhraensis (Babu Rao 1966) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01115-2" volume="50" year="2020 b">Hata et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. diabolus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="diabolus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. diabolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. eclipsis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="eclipsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. eclipsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. eldorado" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="eldorado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. eldorado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus baganensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baganensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus baganensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Delsman, 1931,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1983" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus dubiosus" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubiosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus dubiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wongratana, 1983 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hata & Lavoué & Motomura" authorityYear="2022" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus tri" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus tri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bleeker, 1852) in having a predorsal scute and double pigment lines on the dorsum behind the dorsal fin, but differ in having deciduous body scales (vs. body scales not deciduous) and lacking a spine on the pelvic scute (pelvic scute with a hard posteriorly projecting spine) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitehead, PJP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" refId="B35" refString="Whitehead, PJP, Nelson, GJ, Wongratana, T, 1988. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 125 7(2):[i-viii +] 305-579." title="FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Pt 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 125 7 (2): [i-viii +] 305 - 579." year="1988">Whitehead et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wongratana, T" editor="Carpenter, KE" journalOrPublisher="The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes pt 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="1698 - 1753" refId="B39" refString="Wongratana, T, Munroe, TA, Nizinski, MS, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter, KE, Niem, VH, Eds., FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes pt 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome: 1698 - 1753" title="Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies." volumeTitle="FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes." year="1999">Wongratana et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" author="Hata, H" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="7 - 38" refId="B21" refString="Hata, H, Lavoue, S, Motomura, H, 2019. Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 67 (1): 7 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" title="Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00697-7" volume="67" year="2019">Hata et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Comparisons of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bengalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. diabolus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="diabolus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. diabolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. eclipsis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="eclipsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. eclipsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. eldorado" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="eldorado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. eldorado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are given in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Comparisons”">"Comparisons"</normalizedToken>
|
||
under each new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="molecular comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Molecular comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dutt & Babu Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus bengalensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. diabolus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="diabolus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. diabolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. eldorado" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="eldorado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. eldorado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. were divergent from each other by at least 3.5% COI-based mean uncorrected genetic distance (min-max = 3.5-7.7%) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of four species of Stolephorus related to S. bengalensis, based on the cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I genes (total: 1,788 base pairs) of 31 specimens, each species forming a monophyletic group. Each specimen identified by Museum Registration Number or GenBank number (see text and Table 1 for details). Type status (either holotype or paratype), specimen code, gene used (mt or COI) and sequence origin (GB) are indicated in brackets where necessary. Tree rooted by a specimen of Stolephorus andhraensis. Branch lengths proportional to number of substitutions. Bootstrap proportions indicated at nodes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743794" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, each species was genetically uniform, with intraspecific differentiation not exceeding 1% (note:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. represented by a single specimen - see below), forming clear intraspecific
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">versus</emphasis>
|
||
interspecific genetic gaps. The ML phylogenetic tree using COI and cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">b</emphasis>
|
||
markers (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of four species of Stolephorus related to S. bengalensis, based on the cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I genes (total: 1,788 base pairs) of 31 specimens, each species forming a monophyletic group. Each specimen identified by Museum Registration Number or GenBank number (see text and Table 1 for details). Type status (either holotype or paratype), specimen code, gene used (mt or COI) and sequence origin (GB) are indicated in brackets where necessary. Tree rooted by a specimen of Stolephorus andhraensis. Branch lengths proportional to number of substitutions. Bootstrap proportions indicated at nodes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743794" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) was fully resolved, with interspecific relationships supported by bootstrap values above 80%. Each species formed a well-supported monophyletic group, in agreement with their genetic distinction, thereby confirming their taxonomic status, which was further supported by the morphological observations. The COI sequence of an unidentified larva collected from the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i1.9191" author="Nuryanto, A" journalOrPublisher="Biosaintifika" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="33 - 40" refId="B29" refString="Nuryanto, A, Pramono, H, Sastranegara, MH, 2017. Molecular Identification of Fish Larvae from East Plawangan of Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Biosaintifika 9 (1): 33 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i1.9191" title="Molecular Identification of Fish Larvae from East Plawangan of Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia." url="https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i1.9191" volume="9" year="2017">Nuryanto et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), indicated either a range extension of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. eclipsis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="eclipsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. eclipsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. or the presence of an unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, related to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bengalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.84171.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743794" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
related to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bengalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">S. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">b</emphasis>
|
||
and cytochrome oxidase I genes (total: 1,788 base pairs) of 31 specimens, each species forming a monophyletic group. Each specimen identified by Museum Registration Number or GenBank number (see text and Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Taxonomic treatment and molecular marker sampling of 32 specimens of Stolephorus examined in the molecular section of the present study. " - " indicates corresponding sequence not determined. Bold accession numbers indicate sequences determined during the study. (Abbreviations: Cytb, cytochrome b; COI, cytochrome oxidase I; Gb, GenBank; " ** ", holotype; " * ", paratype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/065B89017D3AC30D42364EF33C0F394A" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" tableUuid="065B89017D3AC30D42364EF33C0F394A">1</tableCitation>
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for details). Type status (either holotype or paratype), specimen code, gene used (mt or COI) and sequence origin (GB) are indicated in brackets where necessary. Tree rooted by a specimen of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Babu Rao" authorityYear="1966" class="Pisces" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolephorus andhraensis" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andhraensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Stolephorus andhraensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Branch lengths proportional to number of substitutions. Bootstrap proportions indicated at nodes.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |