328 lines
39 KiB
XML
328 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="4FD98598DD15D1A103E7487BE84360C1" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.129.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5085629" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625839758721" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Julius, Avelinah, Kamin, Imin, Kiew, Ruth & Utteridge, Timothy M. A." docDate="2013" docId="03E187FEFFA8FFAB10ACFA9DFD359B8B" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.129.1.39-46.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 129 (1)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/a975382d-723f-3c1a-8eff-4a82133578bf/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104.3:Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gardneria Wall." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFD8FF86FFA9FFA8103BFFDAFFC39C79" masterDocTitle="Gardneria and Spigelia (Loganiaceae), two genera new to the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698996490482" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2BAA275F25799917C4F1EC26CBCB4251">Gardneria and Spigelia (Loganiaceae), two genera new to the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A5A48F8A471E10F37E744F2BB201282">Julius, Avelinah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2893F6C41EB9F2A231BF41E6F4DDA543">Kamin, Imin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3198CBF4DE1B0AFA2C730C56C4F4102A">Kiew, Ruth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4C1C50D66D4475E6EF16B352176EEF96" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B463417A8795697C64477B879D6DC625">Utteridge, Timothy M. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D226CB77D5B236C3B4F789B222C4184">Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, U. K.; e-mail: t. utteridge @ kew. org</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D687E4C4A233C999CFF8F5594449C297">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E4A10FFD99AFA3450E183A9DF07C2F5F">
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<mods:date id="054BF10FD22A1B8333DC68A3CAD0C9E0">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="709CAE6547E29FFD782EE67ED54B21B2">129</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="C35B37ACB54E48DEF3B57126433B1F1B">https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/a975382d-723f-3c1a-8eff-4a82133578bf/</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2FA390506C1C95C7D97FA2A8E391F9D1" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.129.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E187FEFFA8FFAB10ACFA9DFD359B8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5085637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5085637" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187FEFFA8FFAB10ACFA9DFD359B8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187FEFFA8FFAB10ACFA9DFD359B8B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C3526563FFA8FFA910ACFA9DFB929A33" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFA8FFA910ACFA9DFD46991B" blockId="1.[151,645,1351,1378]" box="[151,645,1351,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0BF8184FFA8FFA910ACFA9DFD46991B" box="[151,645,1351,1378]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5811C6FFA8FFA910ACFA9DFD46991B" box="[151,645,1351,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFA8FFA910ACFA9DFE9A991B" ID-CoL="4M7T" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." box="[151,345,1351,1378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFA8FFA910ACFA9DFED09918" bold="true" box="[151,275,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Gardneria</emphasis>
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Wall.
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE910F9FFA8FFA91147FA92FD42991B" author="Roxburgh, W." box="[380,641,1352,1378]" page="400" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" year="1820">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFA8FFA91147FA92FD42991B" author="Roxburgh, W." box="[380,641,1352,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refId="ref4885" refString="Roxburgh, W. (1820) Flora Indica 1. Mission Press, Serampore, 493 pp." type="book" year="1820">Roxburgh (1820: 400)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFA8FFA910ACFA4FFB929A33" blockId="1.[151,1437,1429,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Glabrous, unarmed, scrambling shrubs or climbers. Leaves opposite and petiolate, connected by interpetiolar stipular ridges, pinnately veined, margins entire. Inflorescences lateral, axillary, dichasial, usually fewflowered or flowers solitary, sometimes lax and many-flowered. Flowers 4−5-merous, calyx deeply lobed, lobes rounded; corolla rotate, thin-fleshy, valvate in bud; ovary superior, 2-locular, 1−4 ovules per locule, style long and slender. Fruit a globose berry. Seeds smooth, ellipsoid to orbicular.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3526563FFA8FFAB10FDF98CFD359B8B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFA8FFA910FDF98CFDA79AEE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1429,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFA8FFA910FDF98CFEAA9A09" bold="true" box="[198,361,1622,1648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Distribution:</emphasis>
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—A genus of seven species distributed in SE and E Asia; one species in
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<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFA8FFA914FFF98CFAE29A09" box="[1220,1313,1622,1648]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Malesia</collectingCountry>
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(Sumatra, Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFA8FFA91121F9A7FE4B9AEE" box="[282,392,1661,1687]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, Java and Sumba).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFA8FFA910ACF910FC9D9B4B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1738,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFA8FFA910ACF910FE6D9A9C" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." box="[151,430,1738,1765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFA8FFA910ACF910FEA09A9D" bold="true" box="[151,355,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Gardneria ovata</emphasis>
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Wall.
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFA8FFA911EDF911FD259A9C" author="Roxburgh, W." box="[470,742,1739,1765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refId="ref4885" refString="Roxburgh, W. (1820) Flora Indica 1. Mission Press, Serampore, 493 pp." type="book" year="1820">Roxburgh (1820: 400)</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13732A6DFFA8FFA912CCF911FCFC9A9C" box="[759,831,1739,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[219,1367,477,1902]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gardneria ovata A. Flowers. B. Habit. C. The pendulous inflorescences. Photos from Julius et al. FRI 73619 by Timothy Utteridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5085633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5085633/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFA8FFA91387F911FB489A9C" box="[956,1163,1739,1765]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">BANGLADESH</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="498CF80AFFA8FFA914ACF911FB249A9C" box="[1175,1255,1739,1765]" country="Bangladesh" name="Sylhet" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Sylhet</collectingRegion>
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,
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFA8FFA914CFF911FEA09B73" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">M.R. Smith in Wallich Cat. 816</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54F3884AFFA8FFA91148F92BFE219B72" box="[371,482,1777,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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K!; isolectotypes BM photo!, G-DC photo!, K-2 sheets!, K-W!, M photo!, NY photo!, P-3 sheets photo!; selected by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFA8FFA91275F8C2FC919B4B" author="Leenhouts, P. W." box="[590,850,1816,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" pagination="417 - 458" refId="ref4438" refString="Leenhouts, P. W. (1962 a) Florae Malesianae Precursores XXXIII. Loganiaceae. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 32: 417 - 458." type="journal article" year="1962">Leenhouts 1962a: 438</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFA8FFAA10ACF8BFFCFC9DE3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1893,2035]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,410]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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A scrambling shrub or climber,
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFA8FFA91222F8BFFDA49B06" box="[537,615,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1−5 m</quantity>
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tall. Leaves elliptic, 7.5−9 ×
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFA8FFA913F5F8BFFB9A9B06" box="[974,1113,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5−3.2 cm</quantity>
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, chartaceous, base slightly decurrent, margin entire, revolute and slightly wavy, apex gradually acute-acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 5−9 pairs, curving upwards and joining towards the margin to
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFA8FFA913DBF869FB579BB4" box="[992,1172,1971,1997]" form="distinctly" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" rank="form">form distinctly</taxonomicName>
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looped intramarginal veins, prominent beneath; intercostal veins reticulate and raised beneath; petiole
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFA8FFA914EFF803FA8D9B8A" box="[1236,1358,2009,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1−1.5 cm</quantity>
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long. Inflorescences pendulous,
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA11D9FF42FDFC9CCB" box="[482,575,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2−4 cm</quantity>
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long, (1−)3−10-flowered to laxly thyrsoid; peduncle
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA14E5FF42FA979CCB" box="[1246,1364,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5−20 mm</quantity>
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long, pedicels
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA113FFF64FEB99CA1" box="[260,378,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">5−13 mm</quantity>
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long, bibracteolate. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals green, rounded,
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA14B6FF64FB309CA1" box="[1165,1267,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2−3 mm</quantity>
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wide, ciliate. Corolla yellow to orange, waxy, tube almost none, lobes elliptic, ca. 4 ×
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA1420FF3FFBA79C86" box="[1051,1124,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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, thick, apex acute, inside papillose-pubescent. Stamens inserted just above the base of the corolla-tube, anthers cohering mutually, erect, broadly ovate or elliptic, ca. 2.5 ×
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||
<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA1240FEE8FD1B9D35" box="[635,728,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, truncate, 2-celled. Ovary 5−
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||
<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA1409FEE8FB4E9D35" box="[1074,1165,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
long, tapering into the
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||
<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA10ACFE83FECC9D0A" box="[151,271,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1−1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
long style, stigma faintly 2-parted. Ovules 1 per cell. Fruit ca.
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||
<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA13CFFE83FB909D0A" box="[1012,1107,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="0.75">0.75 cm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds orbicular, ca.
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<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFABFFAA11B9FE5AFE119DE3" box="[386,466,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter, smooth, dull grey.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF376660FFABFFAA10ACF857FF3A9BB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5085633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5085633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5085633/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" startId="2.[151,244,1933,1955]" targetBox="[219,1367,477,1902]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFABFFAA10ACF857FF3A9BB9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1933,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFABFFAA10ACF857FECF9BDA" bold="true" box="[151,268,1933,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFABFFAA1129F857FD0F9BDB" authority="A. Flowers. B. Habit. C. The" box="[274,716,1933,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFABFFAA1129F857FE729BDB" box="[274,433,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Gardneria ovata</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFABFFAA118CF857FE0D9BDA" bold="true" box="[439,462,1933,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">A.</emphasis>
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Flowers.
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFABFFAA1216F857FD809BDA" bold="true" box="[557,579,1933,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">B.</emphasis>
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Habit.
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFABFFAA12B1F857FD629BDA" bold="true" box="[650,673,1933,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">C.</emphasis>
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The
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</taxonomicName>
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pendulous inflorescences. Photos from
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFABFFAA1470F857FAE49BDB" box="[1099,1319,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Julius et al. FRI 73619</emphasis>
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by Timothy Utteridge.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFAAFFAB10FDFF42FA519CCB" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,2034]" box="[198,1426,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB10FDFF42FEA69CCB" bold="true" box="[198,357,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Distribution:</emphasis>
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—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB11B8FF42FDC89CCB" box="[387,523,152,178]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB122DFF42FD4B9CCB" box="[534,648,152,178]" name="Myanmar" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, SW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB12FEFF42FCCE9CCB" box="[709,781,152,178]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB132CFF42FC439CCB" box="[791,896,152,178]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB1430FF42FBB49CCB" box="[1035,1143,152,178]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N Sumatra and W Java.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFAAFFAB10FDFF64FB0A9C86" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB10FDFF64FE129CA1" bold="true" box="[198,465,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB11E2FF64FE359CA1" bold="true" box="[473,502,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B203CB5FFAAFFAB11CDFF64FB069C86" accessionNumber="FRI 73619" collectingDate="2010-10-27" country="Malaysia" county="Peninsular Malaysia" latitude="3.7333333" location="Richmond Bungalow" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="101.7" municipality="Fraser's Hill" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pahang">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB11CDFF64FD519CA1" box="[502,658,190,216]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62964E64FFAAFFAB129FFF64FC5D9CA1" box="[676,926,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Peninsular Malaysia</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF80AFFAAFFAB138BFF64FBCA9CA1" box="[944,1033,190,216]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B93AC92FFAAFFAB1427FF64FB7A9CA1" box="[1052,1209,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Fraser’s Hill</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, below
|
||
<location id="8E976033FFAAFFAB1519FF64FED29C86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187FEFFA8FFAB10ACFA9DFD359B8B:8E976033FFAAFFAB1519FF64FED29C86" country="Malaysia" county="Peninsular Malaysia" latitude="3.7333333" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="101.7" municipality="Fraser's Hill" name="Richmond Bungalow" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Pahang">Richmond Bungalow</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C502FFFAAFFAB1127FF3FFEB39C86" box="[284,368,229,255]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="3.7333333">3°44'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C502FFFAAFFAB1146FF3FFE289C86" box="[381,491,229,255]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="101.7">101°42'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF61028FFAAFFAB11CCFF3FFD7E9C86" box="[503,701,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" value="2010-10-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB2E9C0FFAAFFAB11CCFF3FFD7E9C86" box="[503,701,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" value="2010-10-27">27 October 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB12C3FF3EFBC69C87" box="[760,1029,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Julius et al. FRI 73619</emphasis>
|
||
(K, KEP, SAN)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFAAFFAB10FDFED6FBB59D5F" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,2034]" box="[198,1142,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB10FDFED6FEF39D5F" bold="true" box="[198,304,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
—In open areas along montane forest edges, in Fraser’s Hill at
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFAAFFAB142EFED6FBB19D5F" box="[1045,1138,268,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="1270.0">1270 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFAAFFAB10FDFEE8FA499F3A" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB10FDFEE8FE219D35" bold="true" box="[198,482,306,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
|
||
Endangered B2ab(iii) (following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB135CFEE8FC379D35" author="IUCN & Cambridge, UK" box="[871,1012,306,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refId="ref4220" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, iv + 32 pp." type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB1411FEE8FB559D35" box="[1066,1174,306,332]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species is known only from the Fraser’s Hill resort, popular with tourists and a well-botanised locality with a published checklist (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB10A4FE5AFEEB9DE3" author="Kiew, R." box="[159,296,384,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refId="ref4252" refString="Kiew, R. (1998) The seed plant flora of Fraser's Hill, Peninsular Malaysia: with special reference to its conservation status. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, 121 pp." type="book" year="1998">Kiew 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, many of the mountains in the Peninsular with similar habitats have been collected since the late nineteenth century (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB1276FE7CFD219DB9" author="Burkill, I. H." box="[589,738,422,448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="113 - 202" refId="ref3850" refString="Burkill, I. H. (1927) Botanical collectors, collections and collecting places in the Malay Peninsula. Gardens' Bulletin Straits Settlements 4: 113 - 202." type="journal article" year="1927">Burkill 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a list of early expeditions in the Peninsular), suggesting that it is a very rare species. Currently, the only locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB136BFE16FC719D9F" box="[848,946,460,486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB136BFE16FC719D9F" box="[848,946,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">G. ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not fall within a protected area, and disturbance from resort development, road building and agricultural expansion in the Fraser’s Hill area threatens the plant’s habitat (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB118CFDC0FDB19E4D" author="Kiew, R." box="[439,626,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refId="ref4252" refString="Kiew, R. (1998) The seed plant flora of Fraser's Hill, Peninsular Malaysia: with special reference to its conservation status. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, 121 pp." type="book" year="1998">Kiew 1998: 23</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The conservation status given above is applicable to Peninsular Malaysian populations, and is given here to highlight the regional conservation needs, and in preparation for the production of the Malaysian Plant Red List; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB12EEFDB2FCA09EFB" author="Chua, L. S. L." box="[725,867,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="47 - 54" refId="ref3881" refString="Chua, L. S. L. (2010) Species assessment and conservation in Peninsular Malaysia. In: Kiew, R., Chung, R. C. K., Saw, L. G., Soepadmo, E. & Boyce, P. C. (eds.) Flora of Peninsular Malaysia Series II, 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, pp. 47 - 54." type="book chapter" year="2010">Chua (2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB1354FDB2FC6F9EFB" author="Chua, L. S. L." box="[879,940,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref3960" refString="Chua, L. S. L. (2012) Conservation. In: Kiew, R., Chung, R. C. K., Saw, L. G. & Soepadmo, E. (eds.) Flora of Peninsular Malaysia Series II, 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, pp. 3 - 10." type="book chapter" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for an introduction and discussion of the approach of conservation assessments used for the Flora of Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB13ECFD54FB819ED1" box="[983,1090,654,680]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Malaysian Plant Red List. Throughout its entire range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB121EFD6EFD459EB7" box="[549,646,692,718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB121EFD6EFD459EB7" box="[549,646,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">G. ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is not commonly collected (most collections being historical ones from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB10E3FD06FEA69E8F" box="[216,357,732,758]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and is given a category of Near Threatened (NT): the species does not fall within a threat category, but the loss of some of the populations (i.e. a reduction in the number of known locations, and therefore the extent of occurrence), may result in the species qualifying for a threatened category in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFAAFFAB10FDFC8AFDB19F13" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,2034]" box="[198,626,848,874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB10FDFC8AFEAC9F13" bold="true" box="[198,367,848,874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Phenology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering in October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFAAFFAB10FDFCACFB40996A" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB10FDFCACFED69FE9" bold="true" box="[198,277,886,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB1108FCAFFE3B9FF6" box="[307,504,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB1108FCAFFE3B9FF6" box="[307,504,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gardneria ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognised by its shrubby and/or scrambling habit, the opposite, entire leaves with an indistinct interpetiolar stipular ridge (rather than the distinct interpetiolar stipules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB10ACFC1EFED99FA7" box="[151,282,964,990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the axillary inflorescences, the waxy, almost coriaceous, yellow-orange corolla, the coherent stamens (appearing fused) and the superior ovary. In the Flora Malesiana region, this species is known only from a single locality each from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB122DFBCBFD479852" box="[534,644,1041,1067]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Java and Sumatra, and we assume that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB1460FBCAFB7F9853" box="[1115,1212,1040,1066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB1460FBCAFB7F9853" box="[1115,1212,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">G. ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whilst not present in large populations, has been overlooked throughout its range in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB13FEFBE2FBEA982B" box="[965,1065,1080,1106]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species, especially when sterile, is extremely similar to members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB12E0FB84FC9E9801" box="[731,861,1118,1144]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which there are several climbing genera in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB10ACFB5FFF3B98E6" box="[151,248,1157,1183]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and it may be ignored by collectors as a more common and widespread member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB151BFB5FFA5F98E6" box="[1312,1436,1157,1183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(exacerbated, perhaps, by the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB12BAFB71FC7898BF" authority="Lamarck (1792" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1792" box="[641,955,1195,1222]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gaertnera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB12BAFB71FD3898BC" box="[641,763,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gaertnera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB1338FB76FC7898BF" author="Lamarck, J. - B. P. A. M. de" box="[771,955,1196,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="201 - 352" refId="ref4371" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. P. A. M. de (1792) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature, Botanique 1 (2). Chez Pancoucke, Paris, pp. 201 - 352, t. 101 - 200. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11660" type="book chapter" year="1792">Lamarck (1792</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: t. 167) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB1470FB71FB3498BF" authority="Ellis" authorityName="Ellis" box="[1099,1271,1195,1222]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gardenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB1470FB71FB7998BC" box="[1099,1210,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gardenia</emphasis>
|
||
Ellis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1762: 935, t. 23) within that family!). The lack of distinct interpetiolar stipules, especially in the young parts, and the superior ovary, however, are diagnostic characters which will exclude any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB143BFB23FBBD996A" box="[1024,1150,1273,1299]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736E8FFAAFFAB10FDFAFAFD359B8B" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Wallich first described the species in the first volume of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica (1820), which included only part of Roxburgh’s original manuscript but with the addition of numerous notes and additions by Wallich (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB10F6FAB7FDDA99FE" author="Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S." box="[205,537,1389,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5017" refString="Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S. (1983) Taxonomic Literature. Second edition, IV: P-Sak. W. Junk b. v. Publishers, The Hague / Boston, 1214 pp." type="book" year="1983">Stafleu & Cowan 1983: 955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). (Roxburgh’s ‘original’ Flora Indica manuscript without Wallich’s additions was published in 1832.) The genus commemorates Edward Gardner (1784−1861) the first permanent British Resident in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB1113FA61FEAC99AC" box="[296,367,1467,1493]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
from 1816 to 1829, who corresponded extensively with Wallich throughout his life, and invited Wallich on a collecting expedition in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB1298FA3BFD2A9982" box="[675,745,1505,1531]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
between
|
||
<date id="FFF61028FFAAFFAB1363FA3BFBD09982" box="[856,1043,1505,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" value="1820-12">December 1820</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFF61028FFAAFFAB1471FA3BFACB9982" box="[1098,1288,1505,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" value="1821-11">November 1821</date>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB157FFA3BFF149A5B" author="Watson, M. F." pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="18 - 22" refId="ref5217" refString="Watson, M. F. (2008) Edward Gardner - the lost botanist of Nepal. The Britain-Nepal Society Journal 32: 18 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Watson 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Wallich’s initial description made no mention of the locality or distribution of the species (Wallich in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB10ACF9F4FE589A31" author="Roxburgh, W." box="[151,411,1582,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refId="ref4885" refString="Roxburgh, W. (1820) Flora Indica 1. Mission Press, Serampore, 493 pp." type="book" year="1820">Roxburgh 1820: 400</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but in a later addition to the generic description, as well as the description of an additional species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB114FF98EFD459A16" authority="Wallich" authorityName="Wallich" box="[372,646,1620,1647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gardenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB114FF98EFDE19A17" box="[372,546,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">G. angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Wallich
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB1283F98FFC719A16" author="Roxburgh, W." box="[696,946,1621,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refId="ref4904" refString="Roxburgh, W. (1824) Flora Indica 2. Mission Press, Serampore, 588 pp." type="book" year="1824">Roxburgh 1824: 318</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), he stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB1455F98EFB119A17" box="[1134,1234,1620,1646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB1455F98EFB119A17" box="[1134,1234,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">G. ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was “introduced from Silhet into the Hon. Company’s botanic garden at Calcutta”. This corresponds with the specimen in the East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB10E8F979FED39AC4" box="[211,272,1699,1725]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
Company Herbarium (EIC; often referred to as the ‘Wallich Herbarium’) and listed in Wallich’s Numerical List under entry 816 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB1222F913FD7F9A9A" author="Wallich, N." box="[537,700,1737,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5149" refString="Wallich, N. (1829) A numerical list of dried specimens in the East India Companys Museum. Nos. 1 - 2153. N. Wallich, London. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1917" type="book" year="1829">Wallich 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB12EBF913FB819A9A" author="Majumdar, N. C. & Banerjee, R. N." box="[720,1090,1737,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="415 - 417" refId="ref4715" refString="Majumdar, N. C. & Banerjee, R. N. (1976) A note on the citation of a Wallichian specimen. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 46: 415 - 417." type="journal article" year="1976">Majumdar and Banerjee (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provide a list of collectors in the East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7678FFAAFFAB10C0F92AFEF49B73" box="[251,311,1776,1802]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
Company Herbarium, as well as guidelines for citing the specimens in the EIC. It is of note that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB10ACF8CCFE6D9B49" author="Leenhouts, P. W." box="[151,430,1814,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="417 - 458" refId="ref4438" refString="Leenhouts, P. W. (1962 a) Florae Malesianae Precursores XXXIII. Loganiaceae. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 32: 417 - 458." type="journal article" year="1962">Leenhouts (1962a: 438)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
selected a duplicate ‘ex Herb. Hookerianum’ of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB13D3F8CCFA909B56" box="[1000,1363,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
M.R. Smith in Wallich Cat.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B0DFFAAFFAB151CF8CFFA909B56" box="[1319,1363,1813,1839]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07264" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="816.0">816</quantity>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the main Kew herbarium rather than the specimen in the EIC (there is no determination slip on the EIC specimen, for example), probably because specimens of the EIC are not sent on loan. Interestingly, after the initial description of the genus, Wallich uses the spelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB12D7F850FC9C9BDD" box="[748,863,1930,1956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardnera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB12D7F850FC9C9BDD" box="[748,863,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gardnera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B19FFAAFFAB1399F851FBAE9BDC" author="Wallich, N." box="[930,1133,1931,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refId="ref5197" refString="Wallich, N. (1832) Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 3. Richard Taylor, London, 117 pp." type="book" year="1832">Wallich 1832: 17</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, tab. 231 & 49, tab. 281), but we have retained the original spelling as Wallich did not explicitly state he was correcting the first spelling and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D6BFFAAFFAB10F3F80DFE809B88" box="[200,323,2007,2033]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Gardneria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAFAFFAAFFAB10F3F80DFE809B88" box="[200,323,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Gardneria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the spelling in common use today.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |