282 lines
39 KiB
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282 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="D345C3E1A8C11B0A5B50877F0084471C" ID-CLB-Dataset="31517" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4079.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aeb5f27b-9b28-4c91-82bd-2e9f1519b650" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1050724" ID-ZooBank="4B63856C-0BE7-4AE2-B3CF-B8A2EC2CE4FB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1510811042437" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leduc, Daniel" docDate="2016" docId="03DF87D8FFD37A11FF49BCECFEB4FAF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4079.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4079 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Microlaimidae Micoletzky 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="FFE6FFA0FFD27A13FFDEB848FFC0FF8E" masterDocTitle="One new genus and three new species of deep-sea nematodes (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) from the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Ross Sea" masterLastPageNumber="271" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1698492236231" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E79E2C4096EB5F4142461D351B010665">One new genus and three new species of deep-sea nematodes (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) from the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Ross Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4714A0EB827493348E2CA78C8D667D19" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FD90C8173D9617EABB18F0B3179E3D88">Leduc, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FB0F66BB745524855BE76C911AEFFA37">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1B29EAB3CAD51A85920C5C99F17F7FC5">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F118AAFF9DCB6B9D9B5A93BAE779B06B">2016-02-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6281D4E5275B32AE17515EECDDECC911">4079</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DF87D8FFD37A11FF49BCECFEB4FAF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6091262" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137307228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6091262" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87D8FFD37A11FF49BCECFEB4FAF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87D8FFD37A11FF49BCECFEB4FAF6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
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<subSubSection id="C36C6545FFD37A12FF49BCECFD47FB30" box="[151,647,1188,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CEFFD37A12FF49BCECFD47FB30" blockId="1.[151,647,1188,1214]" box="[151,647,1188,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
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<heading id="D08181A2FFD37A12FF49BCECFD47FB30" bold="true" box="[151,647,1188,1214]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FF49BCECFD47FB30" bold="true" box="[151,647,1188,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FF28BCECFD47FB30" ID-CoL="87C72" authority="Micoletzky, 1922" authorityName="Micoletzky" authorityYear="1922" box="[246,647,1188,1214]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Microlaimidae Micoletzky, 1922</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6545FFD37A12FF49BCA2FCCFF9E5" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CEFFD37A12FF49BCA2FCCFF9E5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1258,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FF49BCA2FED1FA8D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1258,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(modified from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD37A12FE07BCA2FD72FA8D" author="Tchesunov" box="[473,690,1258,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" refString="Tchesunov, A. V. (2014) Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965. In: Shmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology Gastrotricha, Cyclioneura and Gnathifera. Vol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Hamburg, pp. 399 - 434." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tchesunov (2014))</bibRefCitation>
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Body colourless or yellow-brownish. Cuticle usually annulated (except
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FF28BD47FDDBFAA9" authority="Lorenzen, 1971" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1971" box="[246,539,1295,1319]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Ixonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FF28BD47FE97FAA8" box="[246,343,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Ixonema</emphasis>
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Lorenzen, 1971
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</taxonomicName>
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), rarely with lateral differentiation in the form of lateral alae (
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FAD0BD46FDE3FAC5" authority="Leduc & Wharton, 2008" authorityName="Leduc & Wharton" authorityYear="2008" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="falciferus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FAD0BD46FEC1FAC5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Microlaimus falciferus</emphasis>
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Leduc & Wharton, 2008
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</taxonomicName>
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); finely punctated, spiny, or with fine longitudinal bars in some species. Head cuticle smooth but not thickened or modified into a cephalic capsule; head usually slightly set off from the body. Inner labial sensilla as minute papillae, outer labial sensilla as papillae or setae, cephalic sensilla usually as longer setae. Amphideal fovea circular, cryptocircular or spiral. Cheilostoma with twelve longitudinal folds. Pharyngostoma with cuticularised walls; buccal cavity with small to medium-sized dorsal tooth and two smaller subventral teeth, sometimes without teeth. Pharynx with rounded, pyriform, or oval posterior bulb, rarely elongated (
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FF7EBE44FE54F9AD" authority="Leduc, 2016" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2016" box="[160,404,1546,1571]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Maragnopsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hadalis" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FF7EBE44FE54F9AD" box="[160,404,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Maragnopsia hadalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FE41BE42FDFFF9AD" bold="true" box="[415,575,1546,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A7FFD37A12FE41BE42FE32F9AD" box="[415,498,1546,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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n. sp.
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</emphasis>
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). Pore of secretory-excretory system usually posterior to nerve ring. Two opposed, outstretched ovaries. Two opposed testes or only one anterior testis. Tail short and conical, rarely long and conico-cylindrical (
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FEADBE1CFDA4F9E5" authority="Leduc, 2016" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2016" box="[371,612,1618,1643]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Maragnopsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hadalis" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FEADBE1CFDA4F9E5" box="[371,612,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Maragnopsia hadalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FDB4BE1AFD3EF9E5" bold="true" box="[618,766,1618,1643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A7FFD37A12FDB4BE1AFD78F9E5" box="[618,696,1618,1643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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n. sp.
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6545FFD37A11FF19BE3EFEB4FAF6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CEFFD37A12FF19BE3EFC7EF975" blockId="1.[151,1437,1258,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FF19BE3EFEFBF901" bold="true" box="[199,315,1654,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FE9ABE3EFE12F901" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[324,466,1654,1679]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FE9ABE3EFE12F901" box="[324,466,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Microlaimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is by far the most diverse genus of the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FC31BE3EFB58F901" authorityName="Micoletzky" authorityYear="1922" box="[1007,1176,1654,1679]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Microlaimidae</taxonomicName>
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. It closely resembles a number of genera, namely
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FE09BED2FD3BF93D" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[471,763,1690,1715]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FE09BED2FDA4F93D" box="[471,612,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD37A12FDAFBED2FD3BF93D" author="Cobb" box="[625,763,1690,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1920) One hundred new nemas (types species of 100 new genera). Contributions to the Science of Nematology, 9, 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FCD5BED3FBD9F93D" authority="Jensen, 1978" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1978" box="[779,1049,1691,1715]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Aponema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FCD5BED3FCB5F93C" box="[779,885,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Aponema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD37A12FC5FBED3FBD9F93D" author="Jensen" box="[897,1049,1691,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" refString="Jensen, P. (1978) Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (nematode, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta, 7, 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FB80BED2FF12F959" authority="Lorenzen, 1976" authorityName=", Lorenzen" authorityYear="1976" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Calomicrolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FB80BED2FAE0F93D" box="[1118,1312,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Calomicrolaimus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD37A12FAF5BED3FF12F959" author="Lorenzen" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1976) Desmodoridae (Nematoden) mit extrem langen spicula aus Sudamerika. Mitteilungen aus dem Instituto Colombo-Aleman Invest Cient, 8, 63 - 78." type="journal article" year="1976">Lorenzen, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. There has been disagreement about which morphological traits to use for differentiating between these genera, which has resulted in changes in the placement of some species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936CEFFD37A11FF19BF4EFDF9FC0E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1258,2003]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1401]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD37A12FF19BF4EFE97F891" author="Cobb" box="[199,343,1798,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1920) One hundred new nemas (types species of 100 new genera). Contributions to the Science of Nematology, 9, 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb (1920)</bibRefCitation>
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first described the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FD5DBF4EFCD0F891" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[643,784,1798,1823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FD5DBF4EFCD0F891" box="[643,784,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FC8BBF4FFBB8F891" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[853,1144,1798,1823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pellucidus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FC8BBF4FFC29F891" box="[853,1001,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">B. pellucidus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD37A12FC2DBF4EFBB8F891" author="Cobb" box="[1011,1144,1798,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1920) One hundred new nemas (types species of 100 new genera). Contributions to the Science of Nematology, 9, 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<typeStatus id="54CD886CFFD37A12FB7CBF4FFB12F891" box="[1186,1234,1799,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">type</typeStatus>
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species, and also described
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD37A12FED4BF64FDE4F8CD" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[266,548,1834,1859]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD37A12FED4BF64FE58F8CD" box="[266,408,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">B. punctatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD37A12FE7EBF62FDE4F8CD" author="Cobb" box="[416,548,1834,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1920) One hundred new nemas (types species of 100 new genera). Contributions to the Science of Nematology, 9, 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">
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Cobb,
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<quantity id="4C8E9B2BFFD37A12FE32BF63FDE4F8CD" box="[492,548,1835,1859]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8768" pageId="1" pageNumber="256" unit="in" value="1920.0">1920</quantity>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the same publication. He did not provide a diagnosis for the genus, but the
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<typeStatus id="54CD886CFFD37A12FF49BF07FF07F8E9" box="[151,199,1871,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="256">type</typeStatus>
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species is characterised by the following traits: head not set off from rest of body, circular to cryptocircular amphideal fovea with faint outline, strongly cuticularised buccal cavity with large dorsal tooth and smaller subventral teeth, pharynx with conspicuous anterior and posterior bulbs, spicules short and strongly cuticularised, small pre-cloacal supplements present, two opposed and outstretched ovaries, and conical tail. The illustration shows the presence of six cephalic setae and six outer labial papillae, but the inner labial sensillae are not shown. The presence of six cephalic setae, instead of the usual four, seems unlikely and it is possible that the outer labial setae were mistaken for cephalic setae, and that the cephalic setae were overlooked.
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FB86B8A9FB25FF76" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1112,1253,225,248]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FB86B8A9FB25FF76" box="[1112,1253,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">B. punctatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterised by the same key traits as
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FE66B94DFD8BFE93" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[440,587,260,285]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pellucidus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FE66B94DFD8BFE93" box="[440,587,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">B. pellucidus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but no male was described and the illustration clearly shows that the four cephalic setae are situated at the same level as the outer labial setae.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FC46B960FBF4FECE" author="Jensen" box="[920,1076,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Jensen, P. (1978) Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (nematode, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta, 7, 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
first placed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FB1EB96FFA8DFECE" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1216,1357,295,320]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FB1EB96FFA8DFECE" box="[1216,1357,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
within the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FF61B904FEA4FEEB" authorityName="Micoletzky" authorityYear="1922" box="[191,356,332,357]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Microlaimidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
mainly based on the presence of outstretched ovaries in females, and emphasised the importance of the structure of the pharynx, the position of the excretory pore posterior to the nerve ring, and the heavy cuticularisation of the buccal cavity and copulatory apparatus as key diagnostic traits of the genus. More recently,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FF49B9FFFE74FE5E" author="Platt" box="[151,436,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Platt, H. M. & Warwick, R. M. (1988) Free-living Marine Nematodes Part II, British Chromadorids. In: Kermack, D. M. & Barnes, R. S. K. (Eds.), Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, No. 38, pp. 1 - 502." type="book chapter" year="1988">Platt & Warwick (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FE28B9FFFD06FE5E" author="Tchesunov" box="[502,710,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Tchesunov, A. V. (2014) Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965. In: Shmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology Gastrotricha, Cyclioneura and Gnathifera. Vol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Hamburg, pp. 399 - 434." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tchesunov (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
emphasised the presence of an anterior pharyngeal bulb and strongly cuticularised buccal cavity as the most important traits for differentiating
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FBEAB994FB02FE7B" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1076,1218,476,501]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FBEAB994FB02FE7B" box="[1076,1218,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FAD9B994FA55FE7B" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[1287,1429,476,501]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FAD9B994FA55FE7B" box="[1287,1429,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Microlaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FF49B9B7FE67FD96" author="Platt" box="[151,423,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Platt, H. M. & Warwick, R. M. (1988) Free-living Marine Nematodes Part II, British Chromadorids. In: Kermack, D. M. & Barnes, R. S. K. (Eds.), Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, No. 38, pp. 1 - 502." type="book chapter" year="1988">Platt & Warwick (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, however, noted that these traits are also found in several
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FBEEB9B7FB7EFD96" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[1072,1214,511,536]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FBEEB9B7FB7EFD96" box="[1072,1214,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Microlaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species, such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FAA3BA49FD54FDB3" authority="Stekhoven & De Coninck, 1965" authorityName="Stekhoven & De Coninck" authorityYear="1965" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="robustidens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FAA3BA49FED8FDB3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">M. robustidens</emphasis>
|
|
Stekhoven & De Coninck, 1965
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FD7FBA6DFBFEFDB2" authority="Warwick & Platt, 1971" authorityName="Warwick & Platt" authorityYear="1971" box="[673,1086,548,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="acinaces">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FD7FBA6DFCEBFDB2" box="[673,811,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">M. acinaces</emphasis>
|
|
Warwick & Platt, 1971
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FBA0BA6DFF1BFDEE" authority="(Lorenzen, 1973)" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Lorenzen" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="conothelis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FBA0BA6DFAD9FDB3" box="[1150,1305,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">M. conothelis</emphasis>
|
|
(Lorenzen, 1973)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Conversely,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FEACBA0FFDFDFDEE" author="Tchesunov" box="[370,573,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Tchesunov, A. V. (2014) Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965. In: Shmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology Gastrotricha, Cyclioneura and Gnathifera. Vol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Hamburg, pp. 399 - 434." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tchesunov (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
noted that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FD64BA0FFBBEFDEE" authority="Muthumbi & Vincx" authorityName="Muthumbi & Vincx" authorityYear="1999" box="[698,1150,583,608]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bahari">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FD64BA0FFC5AFDEE" box="[698,922,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Bolbolaimus bahari</emphasis>
|
|
Muthumbi & Vincx
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FB6ABA01FEFFFD0A" authority="Muthumbi & Vincx, 1999" authorityName="Muthumbi & Vincx" authorityYear="1999" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abebei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FB6ABA01FADFFDEE" box="[1204,1311,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">B. abebei</emphasis>
|
|
Muthumbi & Vincx, 1999
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lack a well-developed pharyngeal bulb. In their review of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FC02BA24FF21FD26" authority=", Kovalyev & Tchesunov (2005)" authorityName=", Kovalyev & Tchesunov" authorityYear="2005" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">
|
|
Microlaimidae,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FB4EBA24FF21FD26" author="Kovalyev" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Kovalyev, S. V. & Tchesunov, A. V. (2005) Taxonomic review of microlaimids with description of five species from the White Sea (Nematoda: Chromadoria). Zoosystematica Rossica, 14, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">Kovalyev & Tchesunov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
argue that the position of the excretory pore is not a reliable trait for differentiating among genera. More work is clearly needed to clarify the relationship between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FC80BAFCFC2CFD43" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[862,1004,692,717]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FC80BAFCFC2CFD43" box="[862,1004,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Microlaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FBEEBAFCFB7DFD43" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1072,1213,692,717]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FBEEBAFCFB7DFD43" box="[1072,1213,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; the absence of a constriction setting off the head from the rest of the body in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FC9FBA9FFC0EFD7E" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[833,974,727,752]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FC9FBA9FFC0EFD7E" box="[833,974,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may be an important trait differentiating the two genera. Other traits that have not been considered previously, such as the arrangement of the head sensillae (e.g., relative positions of outer labial sensillae and cephalic setae) and whether the amphids are completely or incompletely surrounded by cuticle annulations, may also be informative, but more detailed observations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FA5ABB0DFECAFC0E" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pellucidus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FA5ABB0DFECAFC0E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">B. pellucidus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CD886CFFD07A11FECFBB20FE81FC0E" box="[273,321,872,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">type</typeStatus>
|
|
material are required.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936CEFFD07A11FF19BBC4FC5CFBF3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
|
|
The genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FE90BBC4FE78FC2D" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1978" box="[334,440,908,931]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Aponema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FE90BBC4FE78FC2D" box="[334,440,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Aponema</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was established by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FD6FBBC5FC94FC2A" author="Jensen" box="[689,852,908,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Jensen, P. (1978) Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (nematode, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta, 7, 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FC7EBBC4FBD8FC2A" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1978" box="[928,1048,908,932]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Aponema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="torosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FC7EBBC4FBD8FC2A" box="[928,1048,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">A. torosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as type species. This species is characterised by a single anterior testis and presence of dorso-caudal apophyses, the latter trait being listed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FF49BB9DFEF3FC62" author="Jensen" box="[151,307,980,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Jensen, P. (1978) Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (nematode, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta, 7, 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
among the diagnostic features of the genus. Other authors, however, later argued that the presence of a single anterior testis is the most important feature differentiating
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FC62BBB0FBE6FB81" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1978" box="[956,1062,1016,1039]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Aponema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FC62BBB0FBE6FB81" box="[956,1062,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Aponema</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from other microlaimid genera (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FF40BC54FE3AFBBB" author="Kovalyev" box="[158,506,1052,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Kovalyev, S. V. & Tchesunov, A. V. (2005) Taxonomic review of microlaimids with description of five species from the White Sea (Nematoda: Chromadoria). Zoosystematica Rossica, 14, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">Kovalyev & Tchesunov 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FDD4BC54FC95FBBA" author="Kovalyev" box="[522,853,1052,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Kovalyev, S. V. & Miljutina, M. A. (2009) A review of the genus Aponema Jensen, 1978 (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 2077, 56 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009">Kovalyev & Miljutina 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In the latest treatment of the family,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FAFDBC54FF21FBD6" author="Tchesunov" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Tchesunov, A. V. (2014) Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965. In: Shmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology Gastrotricha, Cyclioneura and Gnathifera. Vol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Hamburg, pp. 399 - 434." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tchesunov (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
provided a detailed discussion on the taxonomy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FCE2BC08FC66FBD9" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1978" box="[828,934,1088,1111]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Aponema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FCE2BC08FC66FBD9" box="[828,934,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Aponema</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and maintained that the presence of dorsocaudal apophyses is the best trait to use for distinguishing this genus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936CEFFD07A11FF19BCC1FEB4FAF6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
|
|
In the original description of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FD5DBCCFFBCFFB2E" authority=", Lorenzen (1976)" authorityName=", Lorenzen" authorityYear="1976" box="[643,1039,1159,1184]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Calomicrolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FD5DBCCFFC84FB2E" box="[643,836,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Calomicrolaimus</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FC8DBCC1FBCFFB2E" author="Lorenzen" box="[851,1039,1159,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1976) Desmodoridae (Nematoden) mit extrem langen spicula aus Sudamerika. Mitteilungen aus dem Instituto Colombo-Aleman Invest Cient, 8, 63 - 78." type="journal article" year="1976">Lorenzen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lists the presence of cervical setae, thickening of the ventral cuticle in the pre-cloacal region, and male with protruding corpus gelatum as key diagnostic features of the genus. None of the species described subsequently possesses all three of these characteristics, which led
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FE0EBCBCFC81FA83" author="Kovalyev" box="[464,833,1268,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Kovalyev, S. V. & Tchesunov, A. V. (2005) Taxonomic review of microlaimids with description of five species from the White Sea (Nematoda: Chromadoria). Zoosystematica Rossica, 14, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">Kovalyev & Tchesunov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
to regard
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FC17BCBCFB4AFA83" authorityName=", Lorenzen" authorityYear="1976" box="[969,1162,1268,1293]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Calomicrolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FC17BCBCFB4AFA83" box="[969,1162,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Calomicrolaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FF49BD5FFEE5FABE" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,293,1303,1328]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FF49BD5FFEE5FABE" box="[151,293,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Microlaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FEE8BD5FFDC3FABE" author="Tchesunov" box="[310,515,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Tchesunov, A. V. (2014) Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965. In: Shmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology Gastrotricha, Cyclioneura and Gnathifera. Vol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Hamburg, pp. 399 - 434." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tchesunov (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
considered
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FD4EBD5FFC91FABE" authorityName=", Lorenzen" authorityYear="1976" box="[656,849,1303,1328]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Calomicrolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FD4EBD5FFC91FABE" box="[656,849,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Calomicrolaimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to be a valid monotypic genus, and recommended transferring or returning all species described since the original description of the genus by
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3FFFD07A11FB44BD75FA95FADB" author="Lorenzen" box="[1178,1365,1340,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1976) Desmodoridae (Nematoden) mit extrem langen spicula aus Sudamerika. Mitteilungen aus dem Instituto Colombo-Aleman Invest Cient, 8, 63 - 78." type="journal article" year="1976">Lorenzen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4DFFD07A11FF01BD17FEADFAF6" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[223,365,1375,1400]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EADCFFD07A11FF01BD17FEADFAF6" box="[223,365,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Microlaimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |