257 lines
41 KiB
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257 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="34169BBF5A4D880A5077F2B2CB53C361">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DA95970FAE7DB53E53D221D3BCE8347B">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2EABB804661038ED09ABFA69C6ADCA1C">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6498F4BF2BD694CA508DAE2C0ED54E12">Noble, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7B4A8EBA862442A4AEF5DC61BC4D1610">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFC3FFA875DFE18AFCBCC56B" box="[151,891,1533,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA875DFE18AFCBCC56B" blockId="80.[151,891,1533,1595]" box="[151,891,1533,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA875DFE18AFCCEC56B" authority="(Renaudie and Lazarus, 2013 a)" baseAuthorityName="Renaudie and Lazarus" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[151,777,1533,1559]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="kozoi" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA875DFE18AFEBCC56B" box="[151,379,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pelagomanes kozoi</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA874CAE18AFCCEC56B" bold="true" box="[386,777,1533,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC3FFA874C2E18AFCC7C56B" author="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B." box="[394,768,1533,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="59 - 86" refId="ref94302" refString="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B. (2013 a) New species of Neogene radiolarians from the Southern Ocean - part II. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 32 (1), 59 - 86." type="journal article" year="2013">Renaudie and Lazarus, 2013a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA87658E18AFCBCC56B" bold="true" box="[784,891,1533,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFC3FFA87658E18AFCBCC56B" box="[784,891,1533,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFC3FFA875DFE256FEA8C547" box="[151,367,1569,1595]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA875DFE256FEA8C547" blockId="80.[151,891,1533,1595]" box="[151,367,1569,1595]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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Plate 39,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC3FFA87448E256FEACC547" box="[256,363,1569,1595]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1538,1562]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,250,1242,1266]" captionStartId-5="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1428,745,1510]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,1065,1862]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetBox-5="[153,1436,737,1439]" captionTargetId-0="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetId-1="figure-251@7.[151,1436,741,1514]" captionTargetId-2="figure-391@9.[189,1398,1065,1862]" captionTargetId-3="figure-347@10.[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetId-4="figure-153@12.[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetId-5="figure-139@15.[151,1436,736,1440]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Relative abundance of specimens and taxa belonging to Plagiacanthoidea and Lophophaenidae per sample, from IODP Site U1337 in the EEP over the last ~10 Ma. The relative percentages of total taxa are represented by the blue lines and the red lines represent the percentages of total specimens (triangles = Plagiacanthoidea; circles = Lophophaenidae). The Plagiacanthoidea was among the most abundant and speciose of radiolarian groups encountered in Trubovitz et al. (2020), with at least 10% of the specimens and 20% of the taxonomic richness in every sample. Within the Plagiacanthoidea, lophophaenids consistently made up the majority of specimens (~67%) and taxa (~61%). Data are from Trubovitz et al. (2020)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Locality map of IODP Site U1337, where all samples for this study were collected. Map from Google EarthTM." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Examples of specimen measurements discussed in the Systematic Paleontology section of this study." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Internal skeletal structure of Amphiplecta acrostoma Haeckel, 1887." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorallium calvata (Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544062" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544064" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544066" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544068" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544070" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10544062/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10544064/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10544066/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10544068/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10544070/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFC3FFA875DFE211FBDDC46B" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA875DFE211FCC6C501" blockId="80.[151,1125,1638,1815]" box="[151,769,1638,1662]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA875DFE211FDB9C502" authority="Jorgensen, Takahashi, 1987" authorityName="Jorgensen, Takahashi" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,638,1638,1662]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA875DFE211FE99C502" box="[151,350,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Lithomelissa setosa</emphasis>
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Jørgensen,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC3FFA8749EE211FDB9C502" author="Takahashi, K." box="[470,638,1638,1662]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1982 - 1984" refId="ref95644" refString="Takahashi, K. (1987) Radiolarian flux and seasonality: Climatic and El Nino response in the subarctic Pacific, 1982 - 1984." type="book chapter" year="1987">Takahashi, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 5, fig. E.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA875DFE2F2FBE6C5E1" blockId="80.[151,1125,1638,1815]" box="[151,1057,1668,1693]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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?
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA875E1E2F2FEF2C5E0" box="[169,309,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA875E1E2F2FEECC5E0" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[169,299,1669,1692]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Ceratocyrtis</taxonomicName>
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?
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</emphasis>
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sp. aff.
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA874CEE2F2FD97C5E0" authority="(Bjorklund)" baseAuthorityName="Bjorklund" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[390,592,1668,1692]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="stigi">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA874CEE2F2FE08C5E0" box="[390,463,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. stigi</emphasis>
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(Bjørklund)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC3FFA87712E2F3FC4FC5E1" author="Sugiyama, K. & Furutani, H." box="[602,904,1668,1693]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="199 - 213" refId="ref95385" refString="Sugiyama, K. & Furutani, H. (1992) Middle Miocene radiolarians from the Oidawara formation, Mizunami Group, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, 19, 199 - 213." type="journal article" year="1992">Sugiyama and Furutani, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 13, fig. 13.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA875DFE2D4FD52C5C7" blockId="80.[151,1125,1638,1815]" box="[151,661,1699,1723]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA875DFE2D4FE91C5C7" box="[151,342,1699,1723]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undefined-d">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA875DFE2D4FEDEC5C7" box="[151,281,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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sp. D
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC3FFA87429E2D4FDD2C5C7" author="Itaki, T. & Khim, B. K. & Ikehara, K." box="[353,533,1699,1723]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="191 - 215" refId="ref90083" refString="Itaki, T., Khim, B. K. & Ikehara, K. (2008 a) Last glacial - Holocene water structure in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea inferred from radiolarian assemblages. Marine Micropaleontology, 67 (3 - 4), 191 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2008.01.002" type="journal article" year="2008">
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||
Itaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA874DEE2D3FE09C5C7" box="[406,462,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al.,</emphasis>
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2008a
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pl. 1, fig. 6.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA875DFE2B5FD13C5A6" blockId="80.[151,1125,1638,1815]" box="[151,724,1730,1754]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA875DFE2B5FE91C5A5" box="[151,342,1730,1754]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undefined-d">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA875DFE2B5FEDEC5A6" box="[151,281,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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||
sp. D
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC3FFA87429E2B5FDCDC5A6" author="Itaki, T. & Uchida, M. & Kim, S. & Shin, H. S. & Tada, R. & Khim, B. K." box="[353,522,1730,1754]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="856 - 865" refId="ref90283" refString="Itaki, T., Uchida, M., Kim, S., Shin, H. S., Tada, R. & Khim, B. K. (2009) Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and palaeoceanographic implications in northern Bering Sea slope sediments: evidence from the radiolarian species Cycladophora davisiana. Journal of Quaternary Science, 24 (8), 856 - 865. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jqs. 1356" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Itaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA874DEE2B4FE09C5A6" box="[406,462,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2009
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pl. 17, figs. 15–23.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA875DFE297FBA2C584" blockId="80.[151,1125,1638,1815]" box="[151,1125,1760,1785]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA875DFE297FE98C584" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Renaudie and Lazarus" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[151,351,1760,1785]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA875DFE297FEDFC584" box="[151,280,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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||
?
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA87462E297FE98C584" box="[298,351,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">kozoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFC3FFA8742EE296FE59C584" box="[358,414,1761,1784]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC3FFA874E1E297FD10C585" author="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B." box="[425,727,1760,1785]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="59 - 86" refId="ref94302" refString="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B. (2013 a) New species of Neogene radiolarians from the Southern Ocean - part II. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 32 (1), 59 - 86." type="journal article" year="2013">Renaudie and Lazarus, 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 5, figs. 10a–11, 13a–b; pl. 8, fig. 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA875DFE288FBDDC46B" blockId="80.[151,1125,1638,1815]" box="[151,1050,1791,1815]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA875DFE288FCF6C46B" authority="Renaudie and Lazarus, Trubovitz et al., 2020" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,817,1791,1815]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA875DFE288FEDFC46B" box="[151,280,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA87462E288FE98C46B" box="[298,351,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">kozoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC3FFA8742EE288FCF6C46B" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[358,817,1791,1815]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Renaudie and Lazarus, Trubovitz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA877F5E377FD32C46B" box="[701,757,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, supplementary data 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFC3FFA975DFE332FDAAC2AD" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC3FFA975DFE332FDAAC2AD" blockId="80.[151,1437,1861,2032]" lastBlockId="81.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA875DFE332FECCC423" bold="true" box="[151,267,1861,1887]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In our plates we provide images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA877FAE332FC4AC423" box="[690,909,1861,1887]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="kozoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA877FAE332FC4AC423" box="[690,909,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pelagomanes kozoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from both the EEP and the SO, where it was originally described.
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC3FFA874C4E31EFDE0C4FF" box="[396,551,1897,1923]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1538,1562]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1428,745,1510]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,1065,1862]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetId-0="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetId-1="figure-251@7.[151,1436,741,1514]" captionTargetId-2="figure-391@9.[189,1398,1065,1862]" captionTargetId-3="figure-347@10.[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Relative abundance of specimens and taxa belonging to Plagiacanthoidea and Lophophaenidae per sample, from IODP Site U1337 in the EEP over the last ~10 Ma. The relative percentages of total taxa are represented by the blue lines and the red lines represent the percentages of total specimens (triangles = Plagiacanthoidea; circles = Lophophaenidae). The Plagiacanthoidea was among the most abundant and speciose of radiolarian groups encountered in Trubovitz et al. (2020), with at least 10% of the specimens and 20% of the taxonomic richness in every sample. Within the Plagiacanthoidea, lophophaenids consistently made up the majority of specimens (~67%) and taxa (~61%). Data are from Trubovitz et al. (2020)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Locality map of IODP Site U1337, where all samples for this study were collected. Map from Google EarthTM." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Examples of specimen measurements discussed in the Systematic Paleontology section of this study." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544062" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544064" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544066" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10544062/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10544064/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10544066/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figures 1–4B</figureCitation>
|
||
are of specimens observed during this study in the EEP. Specimen 6 is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFC3FFA875DFE3FAFF3EC4DB" box="[151,249,1933,1959]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and specimen 5 is another specimen that was figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC3FFA8763FE3FAFB7CC4DB" author="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B." box="[887,1211,1933,1960]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="59 - 86" refId="ref94302" refString="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B. (2013 a) New species of Neogene radiolarians from the Southern Ocean - part II. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 32 (1), 59 - 86." type="journal article" year="2013">Renaudie and Lazarus 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in their description. Both specimens are from the Late Pliocene Southern Ocean. Among the SO and EEP specimens there are some variations in overall size and shoulder development. This species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC3FFA8715EE3A2FB3EC493" box="[1046,1273,2005,2031]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Nassellaria" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="ibburi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC3FFA8715EE3A2FB3EC493" box="[1046,1273,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pelagomanes ibburi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFC3FFA8704BE3A1FA87C48C" box="[1283,1344,2006,2032]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Pl. 41,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA975DFE4E0FF30C3CD" box="[151,247,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA9744FE4E0FEEFC3CD" box="[263,296,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,737,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-139@15.[151,1436,736,1440]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorallium calvata (Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544070/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
) in that it has multiple teeth of approximately equal strength, rather than three feet stronger than the rest. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA97438E4CCFD81C3A9" authority="(Bjorklund)" baseAuthorityName="Bjorklund" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[368,582,187,213]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="stigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA97438E4CCFE7CC3A8" box="[368,443,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. stigi</emphasis>
|
||
(Bjørklund)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 39,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA977ECE4CCFCCAC3A9" box="[676,781,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,250,1090,1114]" captionStartId-2="30.[151,250,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1436,742,1532]" captionTargetId-0="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@24.[177,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetId-2="figure-252@30.[151,1436,741,1532]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="30" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Internal skeletal structure of Botryopera amabie n. sp." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Internal skeletal structure of Ceratocyrtis sp. C." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544072" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544074" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544076" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10544072/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10544074/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10544076/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
) in having relatively smaller pores throughout the cephalis and thorax, more distinct shoulders and ribs, and usually a less prominent apical horn.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA97130E4A8FB17C385" box="[1144,1232,223,249]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="kozoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA97130E4A8FB17C385" box="[1144,1232,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. kozoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA970C0E4A8FECBC261" baseAuthorityName="Caulet" baseAuthorityYear="1991" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="thaumasia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA970C0E4A8FECBC261" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. thaumasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 39,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA97422E574FE1CC261" box="[362,475,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1263,1287]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,418,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@40.[164,1423,417,1240]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 10. Internal skeletal structure of Lithomelissa alkonost n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544078/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
–11), has more shoulder development, is usually not as heavily silicified, and has more prominent teeth at the base of the thorax. This species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA976C5E550FBFCC23D" baseAuthorityName="Sugiyama and Furutani" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[909,1083,295,321]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="cantharoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA976C5E550FBFCC23D" box="[909,1083,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. cantharoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 40,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA971D4E550FAC0C23D" box="[1180,1287,295,321]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1538,1562]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1428,745,1510]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,1065,1862]" captionTargetId-0="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetId-1="figure-251@7.[151,1436,741,1514]" captionTargetId-2="figure-391@9.[189,1398,1065,1862]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Relative abundance of specimens and taxa belonging to Plagiacanthoidea and Lophophaenidae per sample, from IODP Site U1337 in the EEP over the last ~10 Ma. The relative percentages of total taxa are represented by the blue lines and the red lines represent the percentages of total specimens (triangles = Plagiacanthoidea; circles = Lophophaenidae). The Plagiacanthoidea was among the most abundant and speciose of radiolarian groups encountered in Trubovitz et al. (2020), with at least 10% of the specimens and 20% of the taxonomic richness in every sample. Within the Plagiacanthoidea, lophophaenids consistently made up the majority of specimens (~67%) and taxa (~61%). Data are from Trubovitz et al. (2020)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Locality map of IODP Site U1337, where all samples for this study were collected. Map from Google EarthTM." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544062" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544064" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10544062/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10544064/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA9705CE550FA87C23D" box="[1300,1344,295,321]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,250,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetId-0="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@24.[177,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Internal skeletal structure of Botryopera amabie n. sp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544072" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544074" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10544072/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10544074/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA97004E550FAADC23D" box="[1356,1386,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1263,1287]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,418,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@40.[164,1423,417,1240]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 10. Internal skeletal structure of Lithomelissa alkonost n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544078/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA9703FE550FA53C23D" box="[1399,1428,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1182,1206]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,386,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-94@64.[163,1423,381,1159]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 14. Chart illustrating the different cephalis sizes in Lophophaena shishigae n. sp. and Arachnocorys jorogumoae n. sp. The yellow circles indicate L. shishigae, with a small cephalis, and the purple triangles represent A. jorogumoae, with a significantly larger and proportionally higher cephalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544084/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">14</figureCitation>
|
||
) in that the apical horn is not as strong, and it does not have any additional branching on the dorsal side.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA97063E53CFA45C219" box="[1323,1410,331,357]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="kozoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA97063E53CFA45C219" box="[1323,1410,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. kozoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA97428E518FDCAC2F5" baseAuthorityName="Sugiyama and Furutani" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[352,525,367,393]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="cantharoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA97428E518FDCAC2F5" box="[352,525,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. cantharoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA9770BE518FCC6C2F4" authorityName="Funakawa, Renaudie" authorityYear="2014" box="[579,769,367,392]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="morawanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA9770BE518FCC6C2F4" box="[579,769,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. morawanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 40,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA97628E518FC05C2F5" box="[864,962,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Examples of specimen measurements discussed in the Systematic Paleontology section of this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544066/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA9769AE518FC18C2F5" box="[978,991,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,737,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-139@15.[151,1436,736,1440]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorallium calvata (Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544070/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA976A3E518FC3CC2F5" box="[1003,1019,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,742,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-252@30.[151,1436,741,1532]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal skeletal structure of Ceratocyrtis sp. C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544076/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">9</figureCitation>
|
||
, 11–12). Based on our understanding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA975FEE5E4FE32C2D1" authority="(O'Connor 1997)" baseAuthorityName="O'Connor" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[182,501,403,429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="tekopua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA975FEE5E4FEEDC2D1" box="[182,298,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. tekopua</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC2FFA97471E5E4FE2BC2D1" author="O'Connor, B." box="[313,492,403,429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref92709" refString="O'Connor, B. (1997) Lower Miocene Radiolaria from the Kopua Point, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand. Micropaleontology, 43 (2), 101 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485777" type="journal article" year="1997">O’Connor 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pl. 40,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFC2FFA9771BE5E4FD64C2D1" box="[595,675,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1336,1360]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,495,1309]" captionTargetId="figure-127@56.[162,1426,489,1312]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 13. Chart illustrating the differences between Lophophaena gozui n. sp. (orange diamonds) and L. ushionii n. sp. (green squares), in terms of cephalis height and the ratio between thorax and cephalis width. L. gozui has a shorter average cephalis height (40 microns) compared to L. ushionii (average cephalis height = 54 microns). In addition, the thorax is proportionally wider compared to the cephalis in L. gozui (average ratio of thorax:cephalis width = 2.5). L. ushionii has a proportionally narrower thorax (average ratio of thorax: cephalis width = 1.5)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544082/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFC2FFA977F2E5E4FCD6C2D1" box="[698,785,403,429]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="kozoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA977F2E5E4FCD6C2D1" box="[698,785,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. kozoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a relatively smaller cephalis:thorax ratio and lacks bladed apical and ventral horns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFC2FFA9758FE5ACFC67C165" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFC2FFA9758FE5ACFC67C165" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFC2FFA9758FE5ACFEDDC289" bold="true" box="[199,282,475,501]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Lower Late Miocene—Latest Miocene, EEP (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFFC2FFA9760CE5ACFC5AC289" box="[836,925,475,501]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late Neogene–Recent lophophaenids in the EEP." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" tableUuid="DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Observed from the Late Miocene– Early Pleistocene in the Southern Ocean by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFC2FFA97709E588FC5CC165" author="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B." box="[577,923,511,537]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="59 - 86" refId="ref94302" refString="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B. (2013 a) New species of Neogene radiolarians from the Southern Ocean - part II. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 32 (1), 59 - 86." type="journal article" year="2013">Renaudie and Lazarus (2013a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |