369 lines
46 KiB
XML
369 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="52FCC716F5AF3427F3A5F622871AB508">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="03EA8D81016E736223B5BD0D157E12A9">Trubovitz, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8B396AD20281DA7368798F3CC376FF4">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5DB0C5E6A17096179F69C69F2F72E8D5">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E7BCBD5C2C50EB0DC41A70443A804F22">Noble, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5E4133CAF4A99CD4B60173BE495862F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="619FA4A8DE430146A2650694E1CFFA65">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="664F6726499549646C5C15E1EB16400A">2022-07-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C96F50FFBFFFD575DFE7ABFC60C749" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7AD61E4-915D-4C1A-B114-F5BEE876639A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C96F50FFBFFFD575DFE7ABFC60C749" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBFFFD475DFE7ABFE73C08A" box="[151,436,988,1014]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475DFE7ABFE73C08A" blockId="44.[151,436,988,1050]" box="[151,436,988,1014]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD475DFE7ABFEADC08A" authority="Trubovitz, Renaudie, Lazarus & Noble, 2022" box="[151,362,988,1014]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sirin" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD475DFE7ABFEADC08A" box="[151,362,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lithomelissa sirin</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD4743AE7ABFE73C08A" bold="true" box="[370,436,988,1014]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFBFFFD4743AE7ABFE73C08A" box="[370,436,988,1014]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBFFFD475DFE077FC47C72B" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475DFE077FE48C766" blockId="44.[151,436,988,1050]" box="[151,399,1024,1050]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Plate 17,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFBFFFD47448E077FE8FC766" box="[256,328,1024,1050]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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–11B.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475DFE048FC47C72B" blockId="44.[151,991,1087,1234]" box="[151,896,1087,1111]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<uri id="FFF1D244FFBFFFD475DFE048FC47C72B" box="[151,896,1087,1111]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFC6E493FFBFFFD474D8E048FC47C72B" box="[400,896,1087,1111]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E7AD61E4-915D-4C1A-B114-F5BEE876639A</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBFFFD475D6E029FC7AC7AD" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475D6E029FCBBC70A" blockId="44.[151,991,1087,1234]" box="[158,892,1118,1142]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD475F6E029FEBDC709" box="[190,378,1118,1142]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD475F6E029FE87C70A" box="[190,320,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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sp. B
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</taxonomicName>
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aff.
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD474E0E028FD1EC70A" authority="Butschli, Chen, 1975" authorityName="Butschli, Chen" authorityYear="1975" box="[424,729,1118,1142]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD474E0E028FE3DC709" box="[424,506,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. mitra</emphasis>
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Bütschli,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBFFFD4772AE029FD1EC70A" author="Chen, P. H." box="[610,729,1118,1142]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref87353" refString="Chen, P. H. (1975) Antarctic Radiolaria. In: Hayes, D. E., Frakes, L. A., Barrett, P. J., Burns, D. A., Chen, P. H., Ford, A. B., Kaneps, A. G., Kemp, E. M., McCollum, D. W., Piper, D. J. W., Wall, R. E. & Webb, P. N., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 28. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 437 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 28.111.1975" type="book" year="1975">Chen, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 8, figs. 4–5.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475DFE00BFC18C7E9" blockId="44.[151,991,1087,1234]" box="[151,991,1148,1173]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD475DFE00BFEFBC7E8" box="[151,316,1148,1172]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD475DFE00BFEDEC7E8" box="[151,281,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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sp.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
aff.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD47423E00AFC94C7E9" authority="Butschli, Weaver and Dinkelman, 1978" authorityName="Butschli, Weaver and Dinkelman" authorityYear="1978" box="[363,851,1148,1173]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47423E00AFE7BC7E8" box="[363,444,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. mitra</emphasis>
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Bütschli,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBFFFD4776BE00AFC94C7E9" author="Weaver, F. M. & Dinkelman, M. G." box="[547,851,1148,1173]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="44" refId="ref96827" refString="Weaver, F. M. & Dinkelman, M. G. (1978) Cenozoic radiolarians from the Blake Plateau and the Blake Bahama Basin, DSDP Leg 44. In: Benson, W. E., Sheridan, R. E., Pastouret, L., Enos, P., Freeman, T., Murdmaa, I. O., Worstell, P., Gradstein, F., Schmidt, R. R., Weaver, F. M. & Stuermer, D. H., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 44. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 865 - 885. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 44.138.1978" type="book chapter" year="1978">Weaver and Dinkelman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 1, fig. 11.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475DFE0ECFCF4C7CF" blockId="44.[151,991,1087,1234]" box="[151,819,1179,1203]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD475F0E0ECFD62C7CF" authority="Butschli, O'Connor, 1999" authorityName="Butschli, O'Connor" authorityYear="1999" box="[184,677,1179,1203]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD475F0E0ECFEFDC7CF" box="[184,314,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47428E0EBFE50C7CF" box="[352,407,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">mitra</emphasis>
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Bütschli,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBFFFD474B6E0ECFD62C7CF" author="O'Connor, B." box="[510,677,1179,1203]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref92751" refString="O'Connor, B. (1999) Radiolaria from the Late Eocene Oamaru Diatomite, South Island, New Zealand. Micropaleontology, 45 (1), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1486201" type="journal article" year="1999">O’Connor, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 9, fig. 25.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475DFE0CDFC7AC7AD" blockId="44.[151,991,1087,1234]" box="[151,957,1210,1234]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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unknown plagonid group C sp 26,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBFFFD474BEE0CDFD13C7AE" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[502,724,1210,1234]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
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||
Trubovitz
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47717E0CCFD5FC7AE" box="[607,664,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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, supplementary data 7.
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBFFFD475DFE08DFCDBC645" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475DFE08DFCDBC645" blockId="44.[151,1437,1274,2021]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD475DFE08DFED5C668" bold="true" box="[151,274,1274,1300]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD4745FE08CFE61C669" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[279,422,1275,1301]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD4745FE08CFE61C669" box="[279,422,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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with few or small and irregular pores on the cephalis, a strong and distinct apical spine, and a thorax of approximately the same width as the cephalis.
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBFFFD4758FE135FEA4C501" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD4758FE135FEA4C501" blockId="44.[151,1437,1274,2021]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD4758FE135FE9EC620" bold="true" box="[199,345,1346,1372]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
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The cephalis of this species ranges from broadly hemispherical in outline (i.e., figs, 2 and 4) to somewhat more elongated and kidney-shaped (i.e., figs. 1 and 3). However, having few and/or small pores irregularly distributed on the cephalis is a consistent characteristic of this species. Some species may even have a nearlyhyaline cephalis (i.e., figs. 4 and 6). The apical horn is the only spine present on the otherwise-smooth cephalis. This spine usually has a small rounded bulb of silica at its tip, and the base of the spine can be bladed where it exits the cephalis. This species has a strong ventral spine, and the dorsal and lateral spines protrude from the thorax about as far as the apical spine does from the cephalis. The thorax is cylindrical in shape, and exhibits larger and more numerous pores than the cephalis. When fully preserved, the thorax terminates with several small teeth (i.e., figs. 2, 7, 8, 9, and 10).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBFFFD5758FE2F0FE8AC2AD" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD4758FE2F0FE4DC499" blockId="44.[151,1437,1274,2021]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD4758FE2F0FEFCC5DD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1671,1697]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Compared to
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD47492E2F0FD6AC5DC" authorityName="Butschli, O'Connor" authorityYear="1999" box="[474,685,1671,1697]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47492E2F0FD6AC5DC" box="[474,685,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lithomelissa mitra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Pl. 15,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFBFFFD47644E2F0FCA8C5DD" box="[780,879,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Examples of specimen measurements discussed in the Systematic Paleontology section of this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544066/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 4A</figureCitation>
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–
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFBFFFD47637E2F0FC4AC5DD" box="[895,909,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,737,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-139@15.[151,1436,736,1440]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorallium calvata (Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544070/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">6</figureCitation>
|
||
), this species has more irregular pores, particularly on the cephalis (which can be completely hyaline). It also has a less distinct constriction at the neck than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD470CEE2DCFF13C594" authorityName="Butschli, O'Connor" authorityYear="1999" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD470CEE2DCFF13C594" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. mitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the cephalis appearing to sink slightly into the thorax rather than developing the clear neck area present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD475FDE284FED6C470" authorityName="Butschli, O'Connor" authorityYear="1999" box="[181,273,1779,1804]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD475FDE284FED6C470" box="[181,273,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. mitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shape of the cephalis is less spherical than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD47673E284FC51C470" authorityName="Butschli, O'Connor" authorityYear="1999" box="[827,918,1779,1804]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47673E284FC51C470" box="[827,918,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. mitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and can be slightly elongated in some specimens. The apical spine of this species often presents a little rounded bulb of silica at the tip, which is not a character we observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD47404E34CFE6FC428" authorityName="Butschli, O'Connor" authorityYear="1999" box="[332,424,1851,1876]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47404E34CFE6FC428" box="[332,424,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. mitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD47499E34CFD88C429" box="[465,591,1851,1877]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="alkonost">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47499E34CFD88C429" box="[465,591,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. alkonost</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 16,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFBFFFD477FBE34CFCD3C429" box="[691,788,1851,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFBFFFD4766DE34CFC8FC429" box="[805,840,1851,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544072/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD471FDE34CFAF4C429" box="[1205,1331,1851,1877]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="alkonost">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD471FDE34CFAF4C429" box="[1205,1331,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. alkonost</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that it lacks the bulge at the base of the dorsal side of the cephalis. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD476C0E328FC1DC404" box="[904,986,1887,1912]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sirin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD476C0E328FC1DC404" box="[904,986,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. sirin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD4715BE328FB4DC405" box="[1043,1162,1887,1913]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="dybbuki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD4715BE328FB4DC405" box="[1043,1162,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. dybbuki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 19,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFBFFFD471A5E328FA91C405" box="[1261,1366,1887,1913]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1538,1562]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,250,1242,1266]" captionStartId-5="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionStartId-6="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1428,745,1510]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,1065,1862]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetBox-5="[153,1436,737,1439]" captionTargetBox-6="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetId-0="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetId-1="figure-251@7.[151,1436,741,1514]" captionTargetId-2="figure-391@9.[189,1398,1065,1862]" captionTargetId-3="figure-347@10.[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetId-4="figure-153@12.[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetId-5="figure-139@15.[151,1436,736,1440]" captionTargetId-6="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="15" captionTargetPageId-6="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Relative abundance of specimens and taxa belonging to Plagiacanthoidea and Lophophaenidae per sample, from IODP Site U1337 in the EEP over the last ~10 Ma. The relative percentages of total taxa are represented by the blue lines and the red lines represent the percentages of total specimens (triangles = Plagiacanthoidea; circles = Lophophaenidae). The Plagiacanthoidea was among the most abundant and speciose of radiolarian groups encountered in Trubovitz et al. (2020), with at least 10% of the specimens and 20% of the taxonomic richness in every sample. Within the Plagiacanthoidea, lophophaenids consistently made up the majority of specimens (~67%) and taxa (~61%). Data are from Trubovitz et al. (2020)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Locality map of IODP Site U1337, where all samples for this study were collected. Map from Google EarthTM." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Examples of specimen measurements discussed in the Systematic Paleontology section of this study." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Internal skeletal structure of Amphiplecta acrostoma Haeckel, 1887." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorallium calvata (Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544062" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544064" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544066" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544068" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544070" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544072" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10544062/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10544064/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10544066/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10544068/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10544070/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10544072/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
) have a single spine on the cephalis that often has a distinct rounded tip; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD476B3E3F4FB8AC4E0" box="[1019,1101,1923,1948]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sirin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD476B3E3F4FB8AC4E0" box="[1019,1101,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. sirin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD471ADE3F4FA9BC4E1" box="[1253,1372,1923,1949]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="dybbuki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD471ADE3F4FA9BC4E1" box="[1253,1372,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. dybbuki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its overall larger size, proportionally larger cephalis compared to the thorax, and tendency to have very small or few pores on the cephalis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBEFFD5758FE4E0FE8AC2AD" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
This species was figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBEFFD5774CE4E0FC9BC3CD" author="Weaver, F. M. & Dinkelman, M. G." box="[516,860,151,177]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="44" refId="ref96827" refString="Weaver, F. M. & Dinkelman, M. G. (1978) Cenozoic radiolarians from the Blake Plateau and the Blake Bahama Basin, DSDP Leg 44. In: Benson, W. E., Sheridan, R. E., Pastouret, L., Enos, P., Freeman, T., Murdmaa, I. O., Worstell, P., Gradstein, F., Schmidt, R. R., Weaver, F. M. & Stuermer, D. H., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 44. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 865 - 885. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 44.138.1978" type="book chapter" year="1978">Weaver and Dinkelman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBEFFD576CAE4E0FBFFC3CD" box="[898,1080,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD576CAE4E0FBD6C3CD" box="[898,1041,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBEFFD57123E4E0FA8FC3CD" authority="Butschli. A" authorityName="Butschli. A" authorityYear="1882" box="[1131,1352,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD57123E4E0FB02C3CC" box="[1131,1221,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. mitra</emphasis>
|
||
Bütschli. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
similar form was illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBEFFD574EFE4CCFDF2C3A9" author="Chen, P. H." box="[423,565,186,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref87353" refString="Chen, P. H. (1975) Antarctic Radiolaria. In: Hayes, D. E., Frakes, L. A., Barrett, P. J., Burns, D. A., Chen, P. H., Ford, A. B., Kaneps, A. G., Kemp, E. M., McCollum, D. W., Piper, D. J. W., Wall, R. E. & Webb, P. N., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 28. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 437 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 28.111.1975" type="book" year="1975">Chen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBEFFD57716E4CCFCF6C3A9" box="[606,817,187,213]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD57716E4CCFD2AC3A9" box="[606,749,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBEFFD5762FE4CCFBEBC3A9" authority="Butschli" authorityName="Butschli. A" authorityYear="1882" box="[871,1068,187,213]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD5762FE4CCFC03C3A8" box="[871,964,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. mitra</emphasis>
|
||
Bütschli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but those specimens differed in being much more heavily silicified than the individuals observed in the present study. Otherwise, however, they are extremely similar in segment proportions and irregularity of pores, particularly on the cephalis.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBEFFD571B4E574FA49C261" author="Chen, P. H." box="[1276,1422,258,285]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref87353" refString="Chen, P. H. (1975) Antarctic Radiolaria. In: Hayes, D. E., Frakes, L. A., Barrett, P. J., Burns, D. A., Chen, P. H., Ford, A. B., Kaneps, A. G., Kemp, E. M., McCollum, D. W., Piper, D. J. W., Wall, R. E. & Webb, P. N., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 28. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 437 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 28.111.1975" type="book" year="1975">Chen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s specimens are from the Oligocene, so it’s possible that this species was the ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBEFFD571C1E550FA93C23C" box="[1161,1364,295,321]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sirin" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD571C1E550FA93C23C" box="[1161,1364,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lithomelissa sirin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFBEFFD57016E550FA5BC23D" box="[1374,1436,295,321]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBEFFD575DFE53CFE9EC219" author="O'Connor, B." box="[151,345,331,357]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref92751" refString="O'Connor, B. (1999) Radiolaria from the Late Eocene Oamaru Diatomite, South Island, New Zealand. Micropaleontology, 45 (1), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1486201" type="journal article" year="1999">O’Connor (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also figured a specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBEFFD577B3E53CFB92C219" authority="Butschli" authorityName="Butschli. A" authorityYear="1882" box="[763,1109,331,357]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD577B3E53CFC4DC219" box="[763,906,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD576FBE53CFC37C218" box="[947,1008,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">mitra</emphasis>
|
||
Bütschli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was described as having a poreless cephalis. This specimen has a very similar cephalis to our new species, but differs in its thorax, which has strong downward-curving winglike appendages.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBEFFD577BCE5E4FC80C2D0" box="[756,839,403,428]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sirin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD577BCE5E4FC80C2D0" box="[756,839,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. sirin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much weaker spines that extend sub-horizontal from the thorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBEFFD57586E5ADFE11C0FD" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBEFFD57586E5ADFBBCC1D5" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD57586E5ADFE7FC288" bold="true" box="[206,440,474,500]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
More than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFBEFFD57774E5ACFD25C289" box="[572,738,475,501]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic">400 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
observed from samples 321-1337D-23H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD571F4E5ACFA9DC289" box="[1212,1370,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1567" metricValueMax="13.7" metricValueMin="0.6134" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="71.567" valueMax="137.0" valueMin="6.134">6, 134–137cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-18H-6,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD574B1E588FDA5C165" box="[505,610,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="78.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="77.0">77–80cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-16H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD576BCE588FB51C165" box="[1012,1174,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.50605" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="0.6121" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="65.0605" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="6.121">6, 121–124cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321- 1337A-14H-7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD5740EE654FE69C141" box="[326,430,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-12H-5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD57614E654FC03C141" box="[860,964,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23–26cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-10H-2,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD5703AE654FF11C11D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="9.4" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="92.5" valueMax="94.0" valueMin="91.0">91– 94cm</quantity>
|
||
(Early Pliocene), 321-1337A-7H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD57719E630FD2BC11D" box="[593,748,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6552" metricValueMax="10.7" metricValueMin="0.6104" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="56.552" valueMax="107.0" valueMin="6.104">6, 104–107cm</quantity>
|
||
(Early Pliocene), 321-1337A-6H-3,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD57137E630FB20C11D" box="[1151,1255,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="30.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="29.0">29–32cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Pliocene), 321-1337A-5H-5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD57420E61CFE17C1F9" box="[360,464,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11–14cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Pliocene), 321-1337A-4H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD57602E61CFC21C1F9" box="[842,998,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.20575" metricValueMax="11.8" metricValueMin="0.6115" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="62.0575" valueMax="118.0" valueMin="6.115">6, 115–118cm</quantity>
|
||
(Early Pleistocene), 321-1337A-4H-2,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD575DFE6F8FF38C1D5" box="[151,255,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="16.0">16–19cm</quantity>
|
||
(Middle Pleistocene), and 321-1337A-3H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD577ADE6F8FC44C1D5" box="[741,899,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.40515" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="0.2103" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="54.0515" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="2.103">2, 103–106cm</quantity>
|
||
(Middle Pleistocene).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBEFFD5758FE6C4FBB5C1B1" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,1138,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B08D41BFFBEFFD5758FE6C4FBA9C1B1" box="[199,1134,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="321-1337A-16H-6" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD5758FE6C4FEFCC1B1" bold="true" box="[199,315,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFBEFFD5758FE6C4FEF1C1B1" box="[199,310,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pl. 17,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFBEFFD574D9E6C4FE13C1B1" box="[401,468,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFBEFFD57770E6C4FCCCC1B1" box="[568,779,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
321-1337A-16H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD577B5E6C4FC59C1B1" box="[765,926,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.50605" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="0.6121" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="65.0605" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="6.121">
|
||
6, 121–
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD57606E6C4FC59C1B1" box="[846,926,691,717]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="124.0">124cm</quantity>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
; ECO-141;
|
||
<date id="FFDEF886FFBEFFD5716BE6C4FB9FC1B1" box="[1059,1112,691,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1939-10">X39</date>
|
||
-2
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBEFFD5758FE6A0FE11C0FD" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B08D41BFFBEFFD5758FE6A0FE15C0FD" collectionCode="R" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="321-1337A-16H-6, 321-1337A-14H-7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD5758FE6A0FE81C18D" bold="true" box="[199,326,727,753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFBEFFD5758FE6A0FE86C18D" box="[199,321,727,753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Pl. 17, fig. 2; sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFBEFFD5772FE6A0FCFCC18D" box="[615,827,727,753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
321-1337A-16H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD57665E6A0FC09C18D" box="[813,974,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.50605" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="0.6121" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="65.0605" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="6.121">6, 121–124cm</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
; ECO-142; M3-3. (2) Pl. 17, figs. 4A–B; sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFBEFFD575A4E68CFE78C069" box="[236,447,763,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
321-1337A-16H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD574F9E68CFD97C069" box="[433,592,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.50605" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="0.6121" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="65.0605" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="6.121">6, 121–124cm</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
; ECO-143; Y10-4. (3) Pl. 17, fig. 7; sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFBEFFD5717BE68CFAC0C069" box="[1075,1287,763,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
321-1337A-16H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD571B1E68CFA5FC069" box="[1273,1432,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.50605" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="0.6121" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="65.0605" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="6.121">6, 121–124cm</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
; ECO-143; O8-3. (4) Pl. 17, figs. 3A–B; sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFBEFFD5778BE768FC50C045" box="[707,919,799,825]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">321-1337A-14H-7</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD576ECE768FBD7C045" box="[932,1040,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-138; P17-2. (5) Pl. 17, figs. 11A-B; sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFBEFFD5740FE734FDDDC021" box="[327,538,835,861]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">321-1337A-14H-7</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD5776DE734FD56C021" box="[549,657,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-140; M17-2. (6) Pl. 17, figs. 8A–B; sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFBEFFD5718DE734FA5FC021" box="[1221,1432,835,861]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">321-1337A-14H-7</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBEFFD575DFE710FEC4C0FD" box="[151,259,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-140; R37-4
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBEFFD57586E7FCFC30C0B5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBEFFD57586E7FCFC30C0B5" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD57586E7FCFE42C0D9" bold="true" box="[206,389,907,933]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Height of cephalis 39–45 (42)μm; width of cephalis 35–42 (38)μm; width at neck 31–36 (34)μm; width of thorax at shoulders 41–53 (44)μm. Based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFBEFFD5761FE7D9FC35C0B5" box="[855,1010,942,969]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBEFFD5758FE7A4FD08C76D" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBEFFD5758FE7A4FD08C76D" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD5758FE7A4FE89C091" bold="true" box="[199,334,979,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the mythological creature of Slavic folklore, the Sirin, which has the head of a woman and the body of a bird and sings captivating songs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBEFFD5758FE06CFC60C749" box="[199,935,1051,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBEFFD5758FE06CFC60C749" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,935,1051,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBEFFD5758FE06CFEDDC749" bold="true" box="[199,282,1051,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Late Miocene—Middle Pleistocene, in the EEP (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFFBEFFD5760BE06CFC51C749" box="[835,918,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late Neogene–Recent lophophaenids in the EEP." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |