263 lines
35 KiB
XML
263 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="51D9FFD20594B76021894BF53C633CC8">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8DD83F4BC62B484C3F5B6A395A992075">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C54200DB2532295685B41D7E3C069EBC">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="126F39EA2FA1624847A808AA8B9CB055">Noble, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A10FA6006D1BF44C71C09617BEC604F6">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CCE6E3F4B7DC6055BCFAB84498123D16">2022-07-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C96F50FFADFFC675DFE4EFFDA9C508" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C96F50FFADFFC675DFE4EFFDA9C508" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C96F50FFADFFC675DFE4EFFDA9C508" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFADFFC675DFE4EFFC6CC3CD" box="[151,939,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE4EFFC6CC3CD" blockId="62.[151,939,151,214]" box="[151,939,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC675DFE4EFFC81C3CD" authority="Clark and Campbell, 1945" authorityName="Clark and Campbell" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,838,151,178]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC675DFE4EFFE33C3CE" box="[151,500,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena macrencephala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC674B3E4E0FC81C3CD" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[507,838,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC674B3E4E0FC81C3CD" bold="true" box="[507,838,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Clark and Campbell, 1945</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67605E4E0FC6CC3CD" bold="true" box="[845,939,151,177]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">partim.</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFADFFC675DFE4CBFE50C3AA" box="[151,407,188,214]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE4CBFE50C3AA" blockId="62.[151,939,151,214]" box="[151,407,188,214]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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Plate 21,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFADFFC67448E4CBFEA4C3AA" box="[256,355,188,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544072/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Figs. 7A</figureCitation>
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–
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFADFFC6743BE4CBFE54C3AA" box="[371,403,188,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[177,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Internal skeletal structure of Botryopera amabie n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544074/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">8B</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFADFFC675DFE577FBB2C2CD" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE577FB64C264" blockId="62.[151,1258,256,434]" box="[151,1187,256,280]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC675DFE577FE03C264" authorityName="Clark and Campbell" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,452,256,280]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC675DFE577FE03C264" box="[151,452,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena macrencephala</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFADFFC67482E576FDC4C264" box="[458,515,257,280]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67745E577FCDCC264" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[525,795,256,280]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark and Campbell, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 7, figs. 6 and 9 (non figs. 7 and 8).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE568FCE2C24B" blockId="62.[151,1258,256,434]" box="[151,805,287,311]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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non
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC6758CE568FE4CC24A" box="[196,395,287,311]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC6758CE568FE88C24B" box="[196,335,287,311]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena</emphasis>
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sp. B
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC674DEE568FDB2C24B" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[406,629,287,311]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 56, figs. 1–3.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE549FB2DC229" blockId="62.[151,1258,256,434]" box="[151,1258,317,342]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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||
non
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC6758CE54AFC7CC22A" authority="Clark and Campbell, Dzinoridze et al., 1978" authorityName="Clark and Campbell, Dzinoridze" authorityYear="1978" box="[196,955,317,342]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC6758CE54AFE37C229" box="[196,496,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena macrencephala</emphasis>
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Clark and Campbell,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67787E54AFC7CC22A" author="Dzinoridze, R. N. & Jouse, A. P. & Koroleva-Golikova, G. S. & Kozlova, G. E. & Nagaeva, G. S. & Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Strelnikova, N. I." box="[719,955,317,342]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="40" refId="ref87872" refString="Dzinoridze, R. N., Jouse, A. P., Koroleva-Golikova, G. S., Kozlova, G. E., Nagaeva, G. S., Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Strelnikova, N. I. (1978) Diatom and radiolarian Cenozoic stratigraphy, Norwegian Basin; DSDP Leg 38. In: White, S. M., Supko, P. R., Natland, J., Gardner, J. & Herring, J., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Supplement to Vols. 38, 39, 40 and 41. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 289 - 427. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 38394041 s. 119.1978" type="journal article" year="1978">
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Dzinoridze
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC6760EE549FCB8C229" box="[838,895,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.,</emphasis>
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1978
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 29, fig. 20; pl. 32, fig. 36.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE52AFB14C208" blockId="62.[151,1258,256,434]" box="[151,1235,348,372]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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non
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC6758CE52BFBF1C208" authority="Clark and Campbell, Petrushevskaya and Kozlova, 1979" authorityName="Clark and Campbell, Petrushevskaya and Kozlova" authorityYear="1979" box="[196,1078,348,372]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC6758CE52BFE37C208" box="[196,496,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena macrencephala</emphasis>
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||
Clark and Campbell,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67787E52BFBF1C208" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E." box="[719,1078,348,372]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="86 - 157" refId="ref93996" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E. (1979) Description of the radiolarian genera and species. In: Sterlkov, A. A. & Petrushevskaya, M. G. (Eds.), Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas. Vol. 23 (31). The history of the microplankton of the Norwegian Sea (on the deep sea drilling materials). Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, pp. 86 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1979">Petrushevskaya and Kozlova, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 348–349.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE50CFCCCC2EF" blockId="62.[151,1258,256,434]" box="[151,779,379,403]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC675DFE50CFDB8C2EF" authority="?, Renaudie, 2014" authorityName="Renaudie" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,639,379,403]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC675DFE50CFE16C2EF" box="[151,465,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena macrencephala?</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67495E50CFDB8C2EF" author="Renaudie, J." box="[477,639,379,403]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref94207" refString="Renaudie, J. (2014) A synthesis of Antarctic Neogene radiolarians: taxonomy, macroevolution and biostratigraphy. PhD Thesis, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, 300 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.18452 / 16985" type="book" year="2014">Renaudie, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 23, fig. 5.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE5EEFBB2C2CD" blockId="62.[151,1258,256,434]" box="[151,1141,409,434]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC675DFE5EEFC4BC2CE" authority="? Clark and Campbell, Trubovitz et al., 2020" authorityName="Clark and Campbell, Trubovitz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,908,409,434]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC675DFE5EEFE03C2CD" box="[151,452,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena macrencephala</emphasis>
|
||
? Clark and Campbell,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC677E6E5EEFC4BC2CE" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[686,908,409,434]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Trubovitz
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67650E5EDFC97C2CD" box="[792,848,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, supplementary data 7.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFADFFC675DFE5ADFB4EC52C" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC675DFE5ADFB4EC52C" blockId="62.[151,1437,474,1653]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC675DFE5ADFECCC288" bold="true" box="[151,267,474,500]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</emphasis>
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There is a good deal of confusion regarding this species, and poor documentation in the literature.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67079E5ADFE93C165" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark and Campbell (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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listed this species under the generic name
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC67660E589FC05C164" authorityName="Ehrenberg, 1847 emend. Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[808,962,510,536]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67660E589FC05C164" box="[808,962,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and the subgeneric name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC671ADE589FA52C164" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1253,1429,510,536]" genus="Lophophaenula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC671ADE589FA52C164" box="[1253,1429,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaenula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC675B3E655FE7EC141" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[251,441,546,573]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref86440" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1954) Radiolaria. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 3. Part D, Protista. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 11 - 195." type="book" year="1954">Campbell (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later synonymized the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC67664E655FC1BC140" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[812,988,546,572]" genus="Lophophaenula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67664E655FC1BC140" box="[812,988,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaenula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC671D2E655FAF3C140" authorityName="Ehrenberg, 1847 emend. Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[1178,1332,546,572]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC671D2E655FAF3C140" box="[1178,1332,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we drop the subgenus designation from the name.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC6772FE631FC5FC11D" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[615,920,582,609]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark and Campbell (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFADFFC6715EE631FB07C11C" box="[1046,1216,582,608]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
to accompany their species description. It is our opinion that at least two different species are included in these illustrations (pl. 7, figs.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFADFFC675DFE6F9FF1AC1D4" box="[151,221,654,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6–9 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC675ABE6F9FDCDC1D5" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[227,522,654,681]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark and Campbell, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens 6 and 9 have a globular cephalis, slightly wider than the shoulder area of the thorax. However, specimens 7 and 8 have a relatively small, thumb-shaped cephalis, that is slightly narrower than the shoulders of the thorax. Specimen 7 also exhibits some cephalic pores more than twice the diameter of any pores on the other specimens. All specimens display a variable number of cephalic horns, and are broken in a way that does not show the full thorax. In their species description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC676C6E769FB05C045" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[910,1218,798,825]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark and Campbell (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
note: “The 4 shells which we illustrate and assign to the present species may not all belong together. They have in common the swollen cephalis subequal in size, and very nearly in shape, but the horns are different. One of them (fig. 9) has no horns at all, while the others have one (fig. 8) or more (figs. 6–7). The last are considered to be typical of the species.” Although we disagree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67493E7D9FCDEC0B5" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[475,793,942,969]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark and Campbell (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that all the shells exhibit a “swollen” cephalis and are similar in shape or size, we do agree that these
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFADFFC677E4E7A5FC90C090" box="[684,855,978,1004]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
do not belong to the same species. Specifically, the specimens considered “typical” by Clark and Campbell (figs. 6 and 7) are in our opinion almost certainly different species. Furthermore, the presence of multiple spines on the cephalis alone is not a sufficient reason to group the specimens in fig. 6 and fig. 7.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC674BCE049FC56C724" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E." box="[500,913,1086,1112]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="86 - 157" refId="ref93996" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E. (1979) Description of the radiolarian genera and species. In: Sterlkov, A. A. & Petrushevskaya, M. G. (Eds.), Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas. Vol. 23 (31). The history of the microplankton of the Norwegian Sea (on the deep sea drilling materials). Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, pp. 86 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1979">Petrushevskaya and Kozlova (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC6716FE048FB35C724" box="[1063,1266,1086,1112]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC6716FE048FB35C724" box="[1063,1266,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">L. macrencephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67016E049FE57C701" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark and Campbell (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s figs. 7–8, but excludes figs. 6 and 9.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67629E015FAC7C700" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E." box="[865,1280,1122,1148]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="86 - 157" refId="ref93996" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E. (1979) Description of the radiolarian genera and species. In: Sterlkov, A. A. & Petrushevskaya, M. G. (Eds.), Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas. Vol. 23 (31). The history of the microplankton of the Norwegian Sea (on the deep sea drilling materials). Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, pp. 86 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1979">Petrushevskaya and Kozlova (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
consider this species to be similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC674E2E0F0FDF3C7DC" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1874" box="[426,564,1158,1184]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="apiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC674E2E0F0FDF3C7DC" box="[426,564,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">L. apiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC67728E0F0FD2DC7DC" authorityName="Ehrenberg. While" authorityYear="1854" box="[608,746,1158,1184]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="galeaorci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67728E0F0FD2DC7DC" box="[608,746,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">L. galeaorci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but is overall smaller in size. The specimens questionably assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC67451E0DDFDA2C7B8" box="[281,613,1194,1220]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67451E0DDFDA2C7B8" box="[281,613,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena macrencephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC677CEE0DDFC47C7B8" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[646,896,1194,1220]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Trubovitz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC677B1E0DCFCF7C7B8" box="[761,816,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are most similar to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67112E0DDFA49C7B9" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[1114,1422,1194,1221]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark and Campbell (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s illustrated specimens in figs. 6 and 9, in terms of segment proportions and pore size. Clark and Campbell’s fig. 6 and fig. 9 appear to most closely match their own description of the species, as these could be described as having a “globular” or “swollen” cephalis. The specimens in figs 7–8 appear to belong to two different species due to the different pores sizes on the cephalis and the size of the cephalis itself, and so we do not follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC671F7E14DFE8AC604" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="86 - 157" refId="ref93996" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E. (1979) Description of the radiolarian genera and species. In: Sterlkov, A. A. & Petrushevskaya, M. G. (Eds.), Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas. Vol. 23 (31). The history of the microplankton of the Norwegian Sea (on the deep sea drilling materials). Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, pp. 86 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1979">Petrushevskaya and Kozlova (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s revision of the species concept. As they also listed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC676ECE129FB6EC604" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[932,1193,1374,1400]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC67188E129FA5AC605" box="[1216,1437,1374,1401]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67188E129FA9DC604" box="[1216,1370,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their synonymy, we examined this specimen and concluded that it does not fit our concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC67184E1F4FA51C6E0" box="[1228,1430,1410,1436]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67184E1F4FA51C6E0" box="[1228,1430,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">L. macrencephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Instead, we adopt Clark and Campbell’s fig. 6 and fig. 9 as the concept for
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC67683E1D1FAD9C6BC" box="[971,1310,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC67683E1D1FADDC6BC" box="[971,1306,1446,1472]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">Lophophaena macrencephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to some of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFADFFC67474E1BCFEABC699" box="[316,364,1483,1509]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, our illustrations here and in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67665E1BDFBEBC698" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[813,1068,1482,1508]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Trubovitz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC676E9E1BCFC1EC698" box="[929,985,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC6717FE1BDFB35C698" author="Renaudie, J." box="[1079,1266,1482,1508]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref94207" refString="Renaudie, J. (2014) A synthesis of Antarctic Neogene radiolarians: taxonomy, macroevolution and biostratigraphy. PhD Thesis, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, 300 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.18452 / 16985" type="book" year="2014">Renaudie (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also illustrated a similar specimen as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC674DEE199FD34C574" box="[406,755,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFADFFC674DEE199FD2FC574" box="[406,744,1518,1544]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="macrencephala">Lophophaena macrencephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(pl. 23, fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFADFFC676CEE199FC74C574" box="[902,947,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC676F3E199FBA8C574" author="Renaudie, J." box="[955,1135,1518,1544]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref94207" refString="Renaudie, J. (2014) A synthesis of Antarctic Neogene radiolarians: taxonomy, macroevolution and biostratigraphy. PhD Thesis, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, 300 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.18452 / 16985" type="book" year="2014">Renaudie, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that could be conspecific with ours, and our accepted part of Campbell and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFADFFC67788E265FC93C551" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[704,852,1554,1581]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref87542" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1945) Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America Memoir, 10, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1945">Clark (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s concept. To fully resolve this concept however, the original
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFADFFC675BDE240FEE2C52D" box="[245,293,1591,1617]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material will need to be examined, which is beyond the scope of this project.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFADFFC6758FE22DFDA9C508" box="[199,622,1626,1653]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFADFFC6758FE22DFDA9C508" blockId="62.[151,1437,474,1653]" box="[199,622,1626,1653]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFADFFC6758FE22DFEDDC508" bold="true" box="[199,282,1626,1652]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Late Miocene, EEP (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFFADFFC67741E22DFD9AC508" box="[521,605,1626,1652]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late Neogene–Recent lophophaenids in the EEP." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |