349 lines
53 KiB
XML
349 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="CB7B6DF477688C14132FCCF62519FFD5" ID-CLB-Dataset="22114" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4778.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e826d3b-553a-4525-9381-b3b25136364c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3828652" ID-ZooBank="01B9C95E-4CFE-4364-850B-3D994B4F2CCA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589540707509" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ras, V., Neethling, S., Engelbrecht, A., Morandini, A. C., Bayha, K. M., Skrypzeck, H. & Gibbons, M. J." docDate="2020" docId="03A1F859FFAFFFBCFF46FA265AD97BBD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4778.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4778 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chrysaora agulhensis Ras & Neethling & Engelbrecht & Morandini & Bayha & Skrypzeck & Gibbons 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="FF988021FFA0FFAEFFD1FFD75B527876" masterDocTitle="There are three species of Chrysaora (Scyphozoa: Discomedusae) in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem, not two" masterLastPageNumber="438" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="416" updateTime="1698839783598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="15605300A7ACD2FED7F9CEEAC2215835">There are three species of Chrysaora (Scyphozoa: Discomedusae) in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem, not two</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="48A8076CB8D8EC2AD6A6B53BA9338D20">Ras, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36A0941F5D0A259D64A083F40AAA84CB">Neethling, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2472CADE83ABB26EDDE06682F50B5F4">Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. & simone. neethling @ spu. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5960 - 9361</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9598FBED2CCF10DD812A21ECFFFD2488">Engelbrecht, A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BC23CADDE71773A5442790D278C815F7">Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. & adengelbrecht @ uwc. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8846 - 4069</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9B6695E0479F1E27BCDE4670C2D5326C">Morandini, A. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2BB6FD012559553C65C2FD3D3D919F0D">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, BRAZIL. acmorand @ usp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3747 - 8748</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DC74045D9E0CA1AC9C18356DD3BA912B">Bayha, K. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A3984DEAF73154662F21F4A1DFC6E13">Noblis ESI, 112 Industrial Park Boulevard, Warner Robins, United States, GA 31088.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BE29BF4541EDC3E67C060E714A77538B">Skrypzeck, H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="12C3A9830D28B9FE0B9A6DC6EF6A3C99">Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. & National Marine and Information Research Centre (NatMIRC), Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, P. O. Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia. hskryp @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8463 - 5112</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CDB53F0DF7E7325509BD06FD1006B84E">Gibbons, M. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA39DE760101A23845E99BF1B10F08E7">Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. & mgibbons @ uwc. ac. za; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8320 - 8151</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CF9AD94176DA46D389BD731638223EF5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B6C6A309090783D14FF7E2FD4058F743">
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<mods:date id="2AB005887A82CD3C594E16120829ABB0">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7644965A1F66DB9A837721F3E091A08C">2020-05-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0BDF17BE12938348CF733D3349FA0B54">4778</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="305A5BF261810335C27AD9B696715967">401</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03A1F859FFAFFFBCFF46FA265AD97BBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847986" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164159655" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3847986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1F859FFAFFFBCFF46FA265AD97BBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1F859FFAFFFBCFF46FA265AD97BBD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
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<emphasis id="B97C955DFFAFFFA1FF46FA2659D57E7D" bold="true" box="[151,647,1521,1548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
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SPECIES
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<emphasis id="B97C955DFFAFFFA1FEC8FA2659737E7A" bold="true" box="[281,545,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Chrysaora agulhensis</emphasis>
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[
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a–e; 4a–d; 5; 6]
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<emphasis id="B97C955DFFAFFFA1FF46F98A5A177E01" bold="true" box="[151,325,1628,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Type material.</emphasis>
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:
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: MB-A088455
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(
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, preserved in 5% formaldehyde in ambient seawater,
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beach,
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),
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.
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col.)
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B604312FFAFFFA1FEF7F9725F807F5D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620260303" collectingDate="2012-11-13" collectingDateMax="2014-04-22" collectingDateMin="2012-11-13" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Ras & Whale Rock & D. Cox" country="South Africa" county="Robben Island" latitude="-33.81" location="False Bay" longLatPrecision="721" longitude="18.37" municipality="False Bay" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F31F09DFFFAFFFA1FE7DF973591A7EC9" box="[428,584,1700,1727]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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:
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: MB-A088456
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</emphasis>
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(~
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in diameter,
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, preserved in 5% formaldehyde in ambient seawater,
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beach,
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, opposite train station (
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,
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),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED19D18AFFAFFFA1FF46F93A5BF97F71" box="[151,171,1773,1799]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FD2C99FFAFFFA1FF67F93A5BB27F71" box="[182,224,1773,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Ras</collectorName>
|
||
col.);
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFAFFFA1FEF9F93A59187F71" bold="true" box="[296,586,1772,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD3D335FFAFFFA1FEF9F93A5AF27F71" box="[296,416,1773,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">False Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
: MB-A088457
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0E4AAFFAFFFA1FDBBF93A59FD7F71" box="[618,687,1773,1799]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter,
|
||
<date id="FFB66F8FFFAFFFA1FC90F93A5F4E7F71" box="[833,1052,1773,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2012-11-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF29667FFAFFFA1FC90F93A5F4E7F71" box="[833,1052,1773,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2012-11-13">13 November 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, preserved in 5% formaldehyde in ambient seawater,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FD2C99FFAFFFA1FEB6F8C65AA07F5D" box="[359,498,1809,1835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Whale Rock</collectorName>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D631C3FFAFFFA1FDF1F8C659977F5D" box="[544,709,1809,1835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Robben Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F09DFFFAFFFA1FD00F8C658337F5D" box="[721,865,1809,1835]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FD2C99FFAFFFA1FCBCF8C658EC7F5D" box="[877,958,1809,1835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">D. Cox</collectorName>
|
||
col. (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FC2CF8C65F097F5D" box="[1021,1115,1809,1835]" degrees="33.81" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="-33.81">33.81°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FBB7F8C65F947F5D" box="[1126,1222,1809,1835]" degrees="18.37" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="18.37">18.37°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFAFFFBEFF16F8E3589578A1" blockId="15.[151,1437,1628,2016]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFAFFFA1FF16F8E35AE77F39" bold="true" box="[199,437,1844,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Examined material:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B3F7EDFFAFFFA1FE6AF8E2597A7F39" box="[443,552,1845,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: (MB-A088455).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B604312FFAFFFA1FD3FF8E25FD37F05" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620260302" collectingDate="2012-11" collectorName="Seven & Whale Rock" latitude="-33.81" location="Robben Island" longLatPrecision="721" longitude="18.37" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B3F7EDFFAFFFA1FD3FF8E2580D7F39" box="[750,863,1845,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: (MB-A088456); (MB-A088457).
|
||
<collectorName id="26FD2C99FFAFFFA1FB0DF8E35E707F39" box="[1244,1314,1844,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Seven</collectorName>
|
||
specimens collected by boat at
|
||
<collectorName id="26FD2C99FFAFFFA1FEA4F88E5AAD7F05" box="[373,511,1881,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Whale Rock</collectorName>
|
||
off
|
||
<location id="8ED71F94FFAFFFA1FDFAF88E599E7F05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1F859FFAFFFBCFF46FA265AD97BBD:8ED71F94FFAFFFA1FDFAF88E599E7F05" box="[555,716,1881,1907]" latitude="-33.81" longLatPrecision="721" longitude="18.37" name="Robben Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Robben Island</location>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FFB66F8FFFAFFFA1FD3EF88E58F17F05" box="[751,931,1881,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2012-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF29667FFAFFFA1FD3EF88E58F17F05" box="[751,931,1881,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2012-11">November 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FC63F88E5F5D7F05" box="[946,1039,1881,1907]" degrees="33.81" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="-33.81">33.81°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FBC8F88E5F2B7F05" box="[1049,1145,1881,1907]" degrees="18.37" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="18.37">18.37°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; 11 beach stranded specimens collected at Muizenberg in
|
||
<date id="FFB66F8FFFAFFFA1FDDEF8AA59D87FE1" box="[527,650,1917,1943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2014-04">April 2014</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FD4BF8AA59A57FE1" box="[666,759,1917,1943]" degrees="34.11" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="-34.11">34.11°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FCD2F8AA580D7FE1" box="[771,863,1917,1943]" degrees="18.47" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="18.47">18.47°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (MB-A088458); Four specimens collected by net at Gouritzmond in
|
||
<date id="FFB66F8FFFAFFFA1FEA0F876595E7FCD" box="[369,524,1953,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2014-10">October 2014</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FDCCF87759297FCD" box="[541,635,1952,1979]" degrees="34.35" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="-34.35">34.35°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FD59F87659BA7FCD" box="[648,744,1953,1979]" degrees="21.89" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="21.89">21.89°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); Ten stranded specimens collected at Zewenwacht Beach in
|
||
<date id="FFB66F8FFFAFFFA1FF46F8125A4D7FA9" box="[151,287,1989,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2011-03">March 2011</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FEFFF8125AD97FA9" box="[302,395,1989,2015]" degrees="34.11" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="-34.11">34.11°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFAFFFA1FE46F8125AA57FA9" box="[407,503,1989,2015]" degrees="18.79" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="18.79">18.79°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B604312FFAFFFBEFDDAF812589178A1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620260304" collectorName="Five & Whale" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="417" latitude="-34.1" location="Robben Island" longLatPrecision="721" longitude="18.48" municipality="False Bay" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="26FD2C99FFAFFFA1FDDAF812596F7FA9" box="[523,573,1989,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Five</collectorName>
|
||
ephyrae (MB-A088460) and five polyps (MB-A088459) obtained following the settlement of planulae from specimens of medusa collected at
|
||
<collectorName id="26FD2C99FFB0FFBEFC59FF4E588378C5" box="[904,977,153,179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Whale</collectorName>
|
||
rock off
|
||
<location id="8ED71F94FFB0FFBEFBECFF4E5FB678C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1F859FFAFFFBCFF46FA265AD97BBD:8ED71F94FFB0FFBEFBECFF4E5FB678C5" box="[1085,1252,153,179]" latitude="-34.1" longLatPrecision="721" longitude="18.48" municipality="False Bay" name="Robben Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Robben Island</location>
|
||
; Three medusae from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD3D335FFB0FFBEFF04FF6A5A1778A1" box="[213,325,189,215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">False Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, collected in 2012 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFB0FFBEFDF1FF6A592C78A1" box="[544,638,189,215]" degrees="34.13" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" precision="555" value="-34.13">34.13°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFB0FFBEFD58FF6A59BB78A1" box="[649,745,189,215]" degrees="18.44" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" precision="555" value="18.44">18.44°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFB0FFBEFD22FF6A581D78A1" box="[755,847,189,215]" degrees="34.10" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" precision="555" value="-34.1">34.10°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C2F88FFB0FFBEFC8AFF6A58E978A1" box="[859,955,189,215]" degrees="18.48" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" precision="555" value="18.48">18.48°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFB0FFBEFF16FF365887788D" blockId="16.[151,1436,153,251]" box="[199,981,224,251]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB0FFBEFF16FF365A34788D" bold="true" box="[199,358,224,251]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
Fish Hoek beach, False Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CC87ADFFB0FFBEFD63FF3659BE788D" box="[690,748,225,251]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F09DFFFB0FFBEFCEEFF365883788D" box="[831,977,225,251]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7719C7FFB0FFBEFF46FA2F5B867F7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" startId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" targetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFB0FFBEFF46FA2F5B867F7B" blockId="16.[151,1437,1528,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB0FFBEFF46FA2F5A467E67" bold="true" box="[151,276,1528,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0832CCFFB0FFBEFCA5FA2E5F017E67" authority="Ras & Neethling & Engelbrecht & Morandini & Bayha & Skrypzeck & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Ras & Neethling & Engelbrecht & Morandini & Bayha & Skrypzeck & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[884,1107,1529,1553]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agulhensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB0FFBEFCA5FA2E5F017E67" box="[884,1107,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Chrysaora agulhensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB0FFBEFB8AFA2E5FFF7E67" bold="true" box="[1115,1197,1529,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F2826FFB0FFBEFB8AFA2E5FFF7E67" box="[1115,1197,1529,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3121AC4FFB0FFBEFF16F8ED58C57F0F" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFB0FFBEFF16F8ED58C57F0F" blockId="16.[151,1437,1850,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB0FFBEFF16F8ED5A337F23" bold="true" box="[199,353,1850,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Range stretches from Table Bay along the west coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F09DFFFB0FFBEFC2DF8EC5FDC7F23" box="[1020,1166,1851,1877]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
towards Port Elizabeth along the south east coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F09DFFFB0FFBEFE0AF888593B7F0F" box="[475,617,1887,1913]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Agulhas Bank): endemic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3121AC4FFB0FFBFFF16F8555BBE788D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFB0FFBFFF16F8555BBE788D" blockId="16.[151,1437,1850,2022]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB0FFBEFF16F8555A107FEB" bold="true" box="[199,322,1922,1949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0832CCFFB0FFBEFE96F8545AED7FEB" authorityName="Peron and Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[327,447,1923,1949]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB0FFBEFE96F8545AED7FEB" box="[327,447,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of medium size; 32 rounded marginal lappets, four per octant; no more than 24 persistent tentacles; tentacles laterally flattened with pronounced bases, and ribbon-like; oral arms longer than bell, folded spirally at base; characteristic star shape pattern on exumbrella surface always visible, created by the radial pat- tern of deep maroon/purple triangles; white spots scattered across the surface of the exumbrella; mouth becomes substantially larger as organism grows. Lappets with network of gastrovascular canals. Oral arms spirally arranged basally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7719C7FFB1FFBFFF46FB2858E77D86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3828662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" startId="17.[151,250,1279,1304]" targetBox="[166,1422,273,1254]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFB1FFBFFF46FB2858E77D86" blockId="17.[151,1436,1279,1520]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB1FFBFFF46FB285A477D6E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1279,1304]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0832CCFFB1FFBFFE10FB2859F37D61" authority="Ras & Neethling & Engelbrecht & Morandini & Bayha & Skrypzeck & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Ras & Neethling & Engelbrecht & Morandini & Bayha & Skrypzeck & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[449,673,1279,1303]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agulhensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB1FFBFFE10FB2859F37D61" box="[449,673,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Chrysaora agulhensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB1FFBFFD7BFAD759AE7D6E" bold="true" box="[682,764,1280,1304]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F2826FFB1FFBFFD7BFAD759AE7D6E" box="[682,764,1280,1304]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
collected at Whale Rock during November 2012 showing a) exumbrellar view of medium sized preserved specimen (12 cm) (Paratype: MB-A088456) displaying the lack of pigmentation on the central disk and shape of gonads, b) side-view of a larger specimen in situ displaying deep purple colouration of the central apex, long trailing oral arms and ribbon-like tentacles, c) enlarged image of the finger-like network of canals found toward the periphery of the rhopalial lappets and, d) subumbrella image of a large (> 20 cm) preserved specimen, showing maroon/purple colouration of the manubrium and e) uniform pigmentation found on the manubrium of larger specimens. Photograph in b) with kind permission from Peter Southwood, recreational underwater photographer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3121AC4FFB1FFBCFF16F9C95AD97BBD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFB1FFBFFF16F9C959817F0A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1565,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C955DFFB1FFBFFF16F9C95A9B7E4E" bold="true" box="[199,457,1565,1592]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B3F7EDFFB1FFBFFF16F9C95A667E4E" box="[199,308,1566,1592]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
description.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Umbrella hemispherical in shape, diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0E4AAFFB1FFBFFC6DF9C95F497E4E" box="[956,1051,1566,1592]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="cm" value="14.8">14.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Exumbrella with small raised nematocyst warts, slightly granular, translucent brown in colour (preserved) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB1FFBFFC29F9955F1E7E2A" box="[1016,1100,1602,1628]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
), with 16 elongated triangles extending outward from central apex on bell; apices of triangles pointed toward central apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB1FFBFFB64F9B15E5A7EF6" box="[1205,1288,1638,1664]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
); colouration of triangles alternate between darker brown pigmentation and little to no pigmentation, forming characteristic starshaped pattern; central apex visible as an unpigmented, translucent circle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB1FFBFFC1EF9795F727EBE" box="[975,1056,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
); white spots scattered throughout exumbrellar due to raised nematocyst warts. Umbrella centrally thickened; central mesoglea 3.5 x thicker than margin. Umbrella margin cleft into 32 rounded lappets, four lappets per octant: two rhopalial lappets situated next to rhopalium and two velar lappets situated between rhopalial lappets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB1FFBFFC40F8CD58B17F42" box="[913,995,1818,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rhopalial lappets not as wide as velar lappets, thus velar lappets appearing elongated while rhopalial lappets appear pointed; lappets equally pigmented on upper and lower surface, appearing dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFB1FFBCFF26F85158287911" blockId="17.[151,1437,1565,2025]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,153,971]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
Rhopalia: eight rhophalia situated in deep clefts between adjacent rhopalial lappets, project from margin of umbrella into rhopalar canal. Rhopalium protected by sensory niche and an extension from subumbrellar margin forms a protective layer or “hood” above rhopalium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB1FFBFFCF0F81958247F9F" box="[801,886,1998,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Base of rhopalium attached to a ridge, running to proximal wall of sensory niche. Thickened endoderm covers surface of sensory niche on subumbrella, thickest along proximal wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB2FFBCFE57FF6A5A8A78A1" box="[390,472,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thickened endoderm extends outwards for short distance (equal in length to rhopalar canal) (Appendix 3) alongside lappets. Deep, cone shaped sensory pit situated above rhopalium. Rhopalium itself consists of a statocyst, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB2FFBCFE72FED25AB97956" box="[419,491,261,288]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
d–e) and short, hollow, basal stem (approximately equal in length to statocyst) (Appendix 3). Basal stem clasped by subumbrellar bulb and receives rhopalial canal which is approximately twice as long as the statocyst (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB2FFBCFE59FE9A5A9D7911" box="[392,463,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
d–e, Appendix 3). No ocelli observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7494FFFB2FFBCFF16FEA65AD97BBD" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
One primary tentacle found in each octant, located in clefts between adjacent velar lappets, with two well-developed secondary tentacles situated in clefts between adjacent velar and rhopalial lappets (arrangement 2:1:2), for a total of 24 tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB2FFBCFE46FE6E5AB879A5" box="[407,490,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles laterally flattened (not circular), solid in cross-section and “ribbon-like”; tentacles less pigmented on ventral surface and cream in colour, light brown on dorsal surface; tentacles cream and unpigmented at base, becoming more pigmented distally and light brown toward tentacle tip. Subumbrella translucent white and smooth; gastrovascular pouches covering central stomach granular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB2FFBCFBEDFDF25FDC7A49" box="[1084,1166,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
); radial septa arise from periphery of central stomach, dividing gastrovascular cavity into 16 pouches; septa span entire length of circular muscle and fuse at periphery of rhopalial lappets; tentacular pouches dilate and contract distally; rhopalial pouches contract and dilate distally. Manubrium and gastrovascular pouches cream in colour; manubrium arising from central stomach forms thin, tubular, slightly elongated structure with thickened mesoglea; oral opening (mouth) cruciform and situated in centre of manubrium; manubrium wall divided into four oral arms distally. Oral arms cream and translucent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB2FFBCFE82FD2A5AFB7B6E" box="[339,425,765,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
), lancelet-shaped, with distal portion of oral arm much thinner than proximal and central portion; V-shaped in cross section; oral arms spiralled proximally, becoming less spiralled distally; oral arms 15% longer than bell diameter. Basal portion of manubrium fused and thickened to form four gonadal pouches with four oval orifices or ostia situated between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133355CAFFB2FFBCFD5EFCBE59B07BF5" box="[655,738,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1528,1553]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[155,1432,258,1503]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the Holotype specimen (MB-A088455) of Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. submitted to the South African Natural History Museum, collected at False Bay (Fish Hoek), South Africa in June 2014, showing a) the exumbrellar surface with characteristic star-shaped colouration and b) the subumbrellar surface showing colour and length of the oral arms, colour of manubrium as well as the shape of the velar and rhopalial lappets. The shape of the tentacular and rhopalial pouches, showing radial septum fusing at periphery of rhopalial lappets can also be seen in this image. In c) the arrangement of the primary and secondary tentacles (2:1:2) are shown, with the shape and size of the ostia also clearly visible. Enlarged images of the rhopalium which illustrates: d) the ventral view showing the hood and e) the dorsal view showing the statocyst and rhopalal canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3828660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
); gonads attached to periphery of ostia and highly folded/convoluted into semi-circular shape; one ostia situated between two adjacent gonads. No sperm sacs, quadralinga or gastric cirri observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |