291 lines
34 KiB
XML
291 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="ACD37518684AF8BF84543550198DBF66" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3926.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09bc9670-81f3-4d8c-9a2a-a1facb94a9cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="241839" ID-ZooBank="7141FF50-3309-4B28-96B4-C2F1DE0CB7FE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461006408517" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yeh, Wen-Chi, Lee, I-Lung & Wong, Kwok-Ching" docDate="2015" docId="038D87ABFFA0290B19A501C2FEFDF9F6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03926p128.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3926 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sarasaeschna kaoi Yeh, Lee & Wong, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFB4FFD3FFA1290F19320076FFD0FA52" masterDocTitle="Description of Sarasaeschna kaoi sp. nov. in Taiwan, with notes on the proposed differentiating characters of the pyanan - group (Odonata, Aeshnidae)" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="122" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1698565718628" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="CD96564521E40FD361929367FEF0D9FE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6C32514104DCA5510E9C82DC9F6D5D8B">
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<mods:title id="392B3E387C363D3D7FDC7739A2A5B6F2">Description of Sarasaeschna kaoi sp. nov. in Taiwan, with notes on the proposed differentiating characters of the pyanan - group (Odonata, Aeshnidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5034B4A77EAB5E89CCDD66DAC6F8095E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C4A4EDC89D2AE9B04F62D2D78E85989A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D6E763EF4B855DF8EB8DBF612DB19F48">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A6D6A583725C09EA69969B637FDBA296">Yeh, Wen-Chi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A87DF1B15954CA34F075D92D88037460">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6DED84B636B561E4F1F90BF531BE5DD4">Lee, I-Lung</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="88FEA5C7946076C5D51E92983E4A55F9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DF06B33D08F31EBD960139A2DCC47B7D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED3FF2CBB7C023AFE8DB32EF387451E8">Wong, Kwok-Ching</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="42FF13E9AC45FB44ABCF64C02D999BD9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D32098BB2B3DA619652727D07DA395A2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8EC324729893CB4529C2FDA991CA3C2D">
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<mods:date id="9AF74705280C440D55D09C1D246EEA1D">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="589BF8DECD6A629D11446758B393C224" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="579331648D69FFEA37A30B9A4D50BE32">3926</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8426E6BCD3E22BEEAB9B327B74EA0D03">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D5B559BB916592B04D983052C4854639" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3926.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1065C079DC3C3B210B468E9A9CF40487" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038D87ABFFA0290B19A501C2FEFDF9F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6095297" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119598917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6095297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87ABFFA0290B19A501C2FEFDF9F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87ABFFA0290B19A501C2FEFDF9F6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="C33E6536FFA0290E19A501C2FEFAFBA2" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19A501C2FE0FFB9D" blockId="1.[151,479,436,496]" box="[151,479,436,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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<heading id="D0D381D1FFA0290E19A501C2FE0FFB9D" bold="true" box="[151,479,436,463]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA0290E19A501C2FE0FFB9D" bold="true" box="[151,479,436,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA0290E19A501C2FEAAFB9C" ID-CoL="9X4BS" box="[151,378,436,462]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaoi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA0290E19A501C2FEAAFB9C" bold="true" box="[151,378,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">Sarasaeschna kaoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26357D4FFA0290E18B301C3FE0FFB9D" box="[385,479,437,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19A501A1FEFAFBA2" blockId="1.[151,479,436,496]" box="[151,298,471,496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">Figures 1–13</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33E6536FFA0290E19A50269FA46F89A" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19A50269FA46F89A" blockId="1.[151,1437,543,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA0290E19A50269FE50F86A" bold="true" box="[151,384,543,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">Material examined.</emphasis>
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All
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E18830256FE31F86A" box="[433,481,544,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
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specimens were collected by
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<collectingCountry id="F333762DFFA0290E1A1C0256FC99F865" box="[814,841,544,567]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">IL</collectingCountry>
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Lee from Matailin Swamp (
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<quantity id="4CDC9B58FFA0290E1DB70269FB0CF86A" box="[1157,1244,543,568]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
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) in Yuli, Hualien County,
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<collectingCountry id="F333762DFFA0290E19CF0232FE83F80F" box="[253,339,580,605]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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.
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E18570232FE02F80F" box="[357,466,580,605]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: ♂,
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<date id="FF9A107DFFA0290E1B3F0232FD4EF80E" box="[525,670,580,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" value="2013-07-03">03-VII-2013</date>
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;
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E1B830232FCC8F80E" box="[689,792,580,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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: 1♀,
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<date id="FF9A107DFFA0290E1A500232FC39F80E" box="[866,1001,580,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" value="2013-06-23">23-VI-2013</date>
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;
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<specimenCount id="9D22FD34FFA0290E1ACE0232FBF1F80E" box="[1020,1057,580,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF9A107DFFA0290E1D060232FB6CF80F" box="[1076,1212,580,605]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" value="2013-06-25">25-VI-2013</date>
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;
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<specimenCount id="9D22FD34FFA0290E1DFD0232FB25F80E" box="[1231,1269,580,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF9A107DFFA0290E1C350232FA49F80E" box="[1287,1433,580,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" value="2013-07-03">03-VII-2013</date>
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.
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E19A50211FED2F8D2" box="[151,258,615,640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, female
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E1852021EFE11F8D2" box="[352,449,616,640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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and one male
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E1B56021EFD14F8D2" box="[612,708,616,640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(
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<date id="FF9A107DFFA0290E1BE10211FC8AF8D2" box="[723,858,615,640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" value="2013-06-25">25-VI-2013</date>
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) were deposited at Forest Arthropoda Collection of
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<collectingCountry id="F333762DFFA0290E19A502FAFF39F8F7" box="[151,233,652,677]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED35AE78FFA0290E19C502FAFE90F8F6" box="[247,320,652,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">FACT</collectionCode>
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) in
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<collectionCode id="ED35AE78FFA0290E185902FBFE7BF8F6" box="[363,427,653,676]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fitg-90ys" name="Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">TFRI</collectionCode>
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. Two male
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E1B1902FBFD47F8F7" box="[555,663,653,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D22FD34FFA0290E1B9502FAFD1BF8F6" box="[679,715,652,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF9A107DFFA0290E1BE502FAFC8BF8F7" box="[727,859,652,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" value="2013-06-25">25-VI-2013</date>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D22FD34FFA0290E1AA302FAFC65F8F6" box="[913,949,652,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF9A107DFFA0290E1AF002FAFB9FF8F6" box="[962,1103,652,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" value="2013-07-03">03-VII-2013</date>
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) and one male
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E1C3002FBFAB3F8F7" box="[1282,1379,653,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D22FD34FFA0290E1C4102FAFA47F8F6" box="[1395,1431,652,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF9A107DFFA0290E19A502C6FEF6F89A" box="[151,294,688,712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" value="2013-07-03">03-VII-2013</date>
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) to be transferred to National Museum of Natural Science in Taichung City and
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<collectionCode id="ED35AE78FFA0290E1D9802C6FB2EF895" box="[1194,1278,688,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">NDHU</collectionCode>
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, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6536FFA0290E19F502A2FB46F967" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19F502A2FB46F967" blockId="1.[151,1437,543,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA0290E19F502A2FE9EF8BF" bold="true" box="[199,334,724,749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The new species is named to memorize Mr. Yui-Ching Kao who passed away untimely in 2010 during field work. He was an approved and talented researcher in TFRI specialized in the ecology of aquatic plants and fishes, and he kindly encouraged and guided
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<collectingCountry id="F333762DFFA0290E1BF2036BFD0AF966" box="[704,730,797,820]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">IL</collectingCountry>
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Lee during Lee’s stay at his laboratory.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6536FFA0290E19F50349FCC2F9BA" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19F50349FCC2F9BA" blockId="1.[151,1437,543,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA0290E19F50349FE91F90A" bold="true" box="[199,321,831,856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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T-mark of postfrons with broad longitudinal stalk as wide as vertex; dorsal stripes of pterothorax widely separated for upper spots by at least 1/2 width of vertex; S4–7 with well-developed AML spots. Male has shorter cerci than its congeners, with length only 1.2 times as long as S10. Penis with flagella strongly twisted midway and recurved at apical 1/3, making apical part of the flagella adjoin the ventral margin of APS. Female with reduced yellow lateral markings in S2 as described.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6536FFA0290B19F50382FEFDF9F6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19F50382FE34FF7F" blockId="1.[151,1437,543,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA0290E19F50382FED4FE5F" bold="true" box="[199,260,1012,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA0290E18260382FEABFE5F" box="[276,379,1012,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA0290E18260382FEABFE5F" bold="true" box="[276,379,1012,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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, Figs. 1 & 2). HEAD: Labium dark brown with median lobe yellowish at base; mandible dark brown with a yellow spot at base; labrum dark brown, laterally with paired large rectangular yellow spots; anteclypeus dark brown; postclypeus yellow, lower margin with paired slim indentations dark brown. Antefrons black with upper 3/5 wrinkled, upper margin straight and weakly ridged, lower 1/4 yellow (Fig. 6); postfrons weakly depressed medially, with black T-mark and paired transverse yellow spots, longitudinal stalk of T-mark as wide as vertex (Fig. 7). Antenna black. Vertex about 1/3 width of frons, tumid, with paired small yellow spots anterodorsally. Occiput small and black. Compound eyes dull green, median seam a little shorter than width of vertex. Black hairs scattered on entire face and head, absent on wrinkled part of antefrons, longer and denser on postfrons, vertex and occiput.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19F5054EFCADFC57" blockId="1.[151,1437,543,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">PTEROTHORAX: Black, with yellow and pale green markings, front covered with long and dense brown hairs. Dorsal stripes short and bar-shaped, diverging downward from each other and obtuse at both ends, separated from upper oval spots by 1/2 width of vertex (Fig. 7). Yellow stripes of mesepimeron round at both ends, broader and adjoining humeral suture in lower half; metepisternum with an upper spot and a tiny speck located at mid point between upper spot and metahoracic spiracle; metepimeron yellow in posterior 3/4; mesinfraepisternum yellow, metinfraepisternum with a yellow triangular spot in posterior half.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19F50666FE24FC1E" blockId="1.[151,1437,543,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">LEGS: black, outer side of fore and hind coxae with small yellow spots; apex of hind femur reaching well beyond posterior margin of S1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290E19F5062EFDB3FC8F" blockId="1.[151,1437,543,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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WINGS: Hyaline, yellow brown at basal extremities, veins black. Pterostigma dark brown, braced in all wings and underlain by 2.0–2.5 cells. Two rows of cell between MA and Mspl in both wings. Triangles four–celled (three-celled in right forewing), hypertriangles and subtriangles free. Numbers of costal crossveins 9:20:19:
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<quantity id="4CDC9B58FFA0290E1C5F06D6FA4CFCEA" box="[1389,1436,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
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forewings and 11:12:12:
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<quantity id="4CDC9B58FFA0290E189406B2FE0FFC8F" box="[422,479,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
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hindwings.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA0290D19F5069EFAD0FBFF" blockId="1.[151,1437,543,2009]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">
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ABDOMEN: Black with yellow or pale green markings. S1 and S2 swollen, as broad as synthorax, S3 moderately constricted at middle. Abdomen less expanded at middle than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA0290E1D2D077AFB04FD76" box="[1055,1236,1804,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiangchinlii">
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<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA0290E1D2D077AFB04FD76" box="[1055,1236,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="123">S. chiangchinlii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, weakly spindleshaped from apical half of S3 to S7, nearly straight in S8–10. S1 unmarked, laterally with a faint spot. S2 dorsally with round AD spot, paired teardrop-like MD spots and paired round PD spots (Fig. 3), and laterally with subsquare AL spot covering auricle, tiny PL spot above and irregular spot at posterolateral corner. S3–6 with paired and closely adjoining triangular PD spots, distinctly smaller on S6; S3 & S4 with paired tiny MD spot. Laterally, S3 with triangular AL spot, S4–7 with transverse AML spot, distinctly smaller on S7. S4–S7 with paired rectangular spots covering basal 1/3 of each sternite, smaller on S7. S8–10 unmarked, base of sternite 8 pale. S8 comparatively stouter than in other Taiwanese congeners. Auricle moderately developed and sub-triangular, protruding backward and armed with numerous dark denticles on posterior margin. Middorsal carina well discernible on S4–7, weakly developed in apical half of S3. Male cerci about 1.2 times as long as S10, short and slender, with apical 1/5 weakly dilated, apex roundly blunt (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A38FFA3290D1A7B0151FC5FFB12" box="[841,911,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1438,1461]" captionTargetBox="[200,1393,189,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1411,171,1418]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genital characters of S. kaoi. 8, male anal appendages, lateral; 9, do, dorsal; 10, male epiproct, ventral; 11, penis, ventral; 12, do, lateral; 13, female cerci, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241840/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci in lateral view gently curved dorsally, and widely and shallowly emarginate ventrally between subbasal and subapical teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A38FFA3290D1D47013AFB6BFB36" box="[1141,1211,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1438,1461]" captionTargetBox="[200,1393,189,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1411,171,1418]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genital characters of S. kaoi. 8, male anal appendages, lateral; 9, do, dorsal; 10, male epiproct, ventral; 11, penis, ventral; 12, do, lateral; 13, female cerci, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241840/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="124">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epiproct elongate and as long as cerci, deeply emarginate at apex with two prongs strongly diverging (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A38FFA3290D1D0F0119FB40FBDA" box="[1085,1168,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1438,1461]" captionTargetBox="[200,1393,189,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1411,171,1418]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genital characters of S. kaoi. 8, male anal appendages, lateral; 9, do, dorsal; 10, male epiproct, ventral; 11, penis, ventral; 12, do, lateral; 13, female cerci, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241840/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="124">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); ratio of depth to width of apical emargination about 1:2; apex of epiproct with stout teeth protruding upward in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA3290D19A507C9FC55FDA6" blockId="2.[151,1436,1983,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA3290D19A507C9FEEAFD87" bold="true" box="[151,314,1983,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="124">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA3290D187307B6FE2FFD84" box="[321,511,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="2" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA3290D187307B6FE2FFD84" box="[321,511,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="124">Sarasaeschna kaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1–3, 6 & 7,
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA3290D1BB507B6FD30FD84" box="[647,736,1984,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male, 4 & 5,
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA3290D1A5E07B7FC13FD84" box="[876,963,1985,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="124" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
female. 1, dorsal; 2, lateral; 3 & 4, S2, dorsal; 5, abdomen, dorsal; 6, head in front view; 7, head and pterothorax, dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B6635FFA2290C19A505E8FD6AFF86" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241840/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="125" targetBox="[200,1393,189,1407]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA2290C19A505E8FD6AFF86" blockId="3.[151,1436,1438,1492]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA2290C19A505E8FE98FFE6" bold="true" box="[151,328,1438,1461]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">FIGURES 8–13.</emphasis>
|
||
Genital characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA2290C1B1F05D6FDA3FFE7" box="[557,627,1439,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA2290C1B1F05D6FDA3FFE7" box="[557,627,1439,1461]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">S. kaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 8, male anal appendages, lateral; 9, do, dorsal; 10, male epiproct, ventral; 11, penis, ventral; 12, do, lateral; 13, female cerci, lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA2290C19F5058AFE2AFCF6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1531,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">
|
||
PENILE STRUCTURES: Configuration of penis similar to the other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA2290C1D59058AFB6EFC41" box="[1131,1214,1532,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyanan">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA2290C1D59058AFB6EFC41" box="[1131,1214,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">pyanan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group. Flagella flat and extending perpendicularly to APS in basal half, strongly twisted from midlength and recurved in apical 1/3, apical part adjoining to ventral margin of APS. Ventrobasal sclerotized plates (dorsoventral processes in von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B4CFFA2290C19A50611FE8CFCD2" author="Ellenrieder" box="[151,348,1639,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125" refString="von Ellenrieder, N. (2002) A phylogenetic analysis of the extant Aeshnidae (Odonata: Anisoptera). Systematic Entomology, 27 (4), 437 - 467. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2002.00190. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Ellenrieder 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of APS well developed, elongate and crest-shaped in lateral view, basal part protruding anteroventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A38FFA2290C186206FDFE3DFCF6" box="[336,493,1675,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1438,1461]" captionTargetBox="[200,1393,189,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1411,171,1418]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genital characters of S. kaoi. 8, male anal appendages, lateral; 9, do, dorsal; 10, male epiproct, ventral; 11, penis, ventral; 12, do, lateral; 13, female cerci, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241840/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">Figs. 11 & 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA2290C19F506D9FDD4FDBA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1531,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA2290C19F506D9FECEFC9A" bold="true" box="[199,286,1711,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA2290C180006D9FE4FFC9A" box="[306,415,1711,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA2290C180006D9FE4FFC9A" bold="true" box="[306,415,1711,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
): General appearance of female similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA2290C1AAB06D9FC2BFC9A" box="[921,1019,1711,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male, differences noted as follows. Paired basal spots on labrum diminished as small transverse stripes; lower margin of postclypeus narrowly brownish. Abdomen shaped as in
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA2290C1B150681FD59FD42" box="[551,649,1783,1808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="125" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male, black, S1 and S2 dark brown. S1 with small round AD and teardrop-like PD spots, laterally covered almost entirely by large irregular yellowish patch. S2 with MD spots boomerang-shaped (Fig. 4), AL spots transversely elongate and notched at upper margin, on the left slightly separated from, on the right connected to, square PL spots to form transverse band. S3 with AD spot reduced to tiny speck, S3–6 with paired small MD spots (Fig. 5). Cerci blade-shaped and short, only a little longer than S10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A38FFA2290C19AD07DDFF25FD96" box="[159,245,1963,1988]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1438,1461]" captionTargetBox="[200,1393,189,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1411,171,1418]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Genital characters of S. kaoi. 8, male anal appendages, lateral; 9, do, dorsal; 10, male epiproct, ventral; 11, penis, ventral; 12, do, lateral; 13, female cerci, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241840/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="125">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior margin of S10 protruding posteroventrally into dentigerous plate and armed with numerous closely-set and pointed spinules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA5290B19F500E1FE3FFB12" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B19F500E1FDF9FAE2" bold="true" box="[199,553,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Variations in male
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA5290B188100E1FDF9FAE2" box="[435,553,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: No significant variations were found in the five male
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA5290B1D8100EEFAF2FAE2" box="[1203,1314,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. However, there were minor differences noticed. One male has a tiny dorsal spot on S1, but MD spots on S4 are almost undetectable; two males have paired MD spots on S3–5; AL spots on S1 are small or tiny in all five
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA5290B1C180096FA49FAAA" box="[1322,1433,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Crossvein numbers 8:17–18:17–18:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC9B58FFA5290B1B0A0172FDBDFB4F" box="[568,621,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
costal field of forewings and 9–10:10–12:12–13:11 of hindwings. Triangles three- or four-celled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA5290B19F5013AFEAEFBFF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B19F5013AFE19FB37" bold="true" box="[199,457,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA5290B18E7013AFDEDFB37" box="[469,573,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂: abd.+cerci 48, hindwing 41, pterostigma (forewing:hindwing) 4.0:3.5;
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA5290B19A50106FED9FBDA" box="[151,265,368,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: ♂ abd.+cerci 45–49, hindwing 41–43, pterostigma 3.3–4.0:3.0–3.5; ♀ abd. (ex. cerci) 49, hindwing 44, pterostigma 4.0: 3.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36BDFFA5290B19F501C1FEFDF9F6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B19F501C1FE0CFB82" bold="true" box="[199,476,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">Habitat and behaviour.</emphasis>
|
||
So far,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1B0101CEFDAFFB82" box="[563,639,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1B0101CEFDAFFB82" box="[563,639,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. kaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA5290B1AC401CEFBF6FB82" box="[1014,1062,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Matailin Swamp in Yuli, Hualien County. The swamp is located at a depression
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC9B58FFA5290B1A3C01AAFCB5FBA6" box="[782,869,476,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level and adjacent to a mountain ridge belonging to the Coastal Mountain Range in the eastern coast of the island. The swamp was muddy and densely grassy, surrounded mainly by undisturbed evergreen forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F2A38FFA5290B1A7A0252FC4EF86E" box="[840,926,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1901,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1012,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1012,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 14. Overview of Matailin Swamp in Yuli, Hualien County." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241841/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). A small shallow water flowed through the swamp along one side. In Matailin Swamp the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1A27023EFCB2F832" box="[789,866,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1A27023EFCB2F832" box="[789,866,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. kaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed to guard and patrol their territories exclusively on sunny days at shaded forest margins, while the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1A8A021AFBD6F8D6" box="[952,1030,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lieni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1A8A021AFBD6F8D6" box="[952,1030,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. lieni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually do this at adjacent open and grassy sites even on cloudy days. This scenario is the same as found in Tsaopi, Yilan County, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1C3102E6FA4CF8F5" box="[1283,1436,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsaopiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1C3102E6FA4CF8F5" box="[1283,1436,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. tsaopiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is instead the shade guardian. The territories of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1A3502C2FC87F89E" box="[775,855,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1A3502C2FC87F89E" box="[775,855,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. kaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were over thick muddy ground covered by fallen leaves and organic detritus, a microhabitat similar to that found in Tsaopi for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1AC802AEFB43F8BD" box="[1018,1171,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsaopiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1AC802AEFB43F8BD" box="[1018,1171,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. tsaopiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(personal observation). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F881FFFA5290B19F8028BFEFBF947" box="[202,299,765,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
female was observed before capture to oviposit on the ground. The activity period of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1C00028AFAAEF946" box="[1330,1406,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1C00028AFAAEF946" box="[1330,1406,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. kaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Matailin Swamp was very short, lasting for less than one month from late June to early July, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1C7B0356FA4CF96A" box="[1353,1436,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lieni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1C7B0356FA4CF96A" box="[1353,1436,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. lieni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dominated in numbers from middle May to middle June, and its numbers decreased later in June. It seems that the adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B1832031EFE9DF9D2" box="[256,333,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B1832031EFE9DF9D2" box="[256,333,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. kaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D3EFFA5290B18B7031EFE04F9D2" box="[389,468,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Aeshnidae" genus="Sarasaeschna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lieni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EAAFFFA5290B18B7031EFE04F9D2" box="[389,468,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="126">S. lieni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not only differed from each other in microhabitat selection but to some extent also in flight season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |