treatments-xml/data/8B/60/CE/8B60CE05DF43FFF3FF3DFB4952C67AB8.xml

<document id="3E07F00BA3193E362CD15C5E613FC8CD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5448.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11231400" ID-ZooBank="F059B3E1-D86C-47C3-A7FA-58ADD4F7BBB0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1716278756060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jose, Athira, Caleb, John T. D. &amp; Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu" docDate="2024" docId="8B60CE05DF43FFF3FF3DFB4952C67AB8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5448.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5448 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5448.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Habrocestum swaminathan Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="220" masterDocId="7759B67DDF46FFFBFFAAFFCF50377971" masterDocTitle="On three species of the genus Habrocestum Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini) from India" masterLastPageNumber="224" masterPageNumber="212" pageNumber="217" updateTime="1716279297164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="122CD2067BF58B82D4AE233A104C4B41">On three species of the genus Habrocestum Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini) from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6760AAD1432367E48AE75E033DA8B50">Jose, Athira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B841CCA9659FA00115A088534EA8BD3">Centre for Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India (Affiliated to University of Calicut)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3FAEBA345B643E040FE6DA72565BA46D">Caleb, John T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F1969B691633C9395C83A39E18904817">Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College &amp; Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="64889437BB5D14FCFEBE4B86CAEEF68F" type="email">araneae.in@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D3E6F43BC8227C19F8AB9FBB2C244489">Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="34F81B0FF7B59F886200CCB9FF441292">Centre for Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India (Affiliated to University of Calicut)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="12F55AB243046C56D85E96EFBCA44022">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="583EC87FDF43FFFEFF3DFB49527E7DD0" bold="true" box="[151,585,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" reason="1">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFF3DFB49527E7DD0" bold="true" box="[151,585,1158,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFF3DFB4951D37DD0" authority="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar, 2024" authorityName="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,484,1158,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swaminathan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFF3DFB4951D37DD0" bold="true" box="[151,484,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Habrocestum swaminathan</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="03767F13DF43FFFEFF3DFB64523D7DB4" blockId="5.[151,585,1158,1221]" box="[151,522,1194,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFF3DFB6451217DB4" box="[151,278,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[243,1344,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. General habitus of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. (A–F). A. Holotype male, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Paratype female, dorsal view; E. Same lateral view; F. Same, frontal view. General habitus of Habrocestum benjamin sp. nov. (G–H). G. Holotype male, dorsal view; H. Paratype female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231402/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Figs 1G–H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFE8BFB64515F7DB4" box="[289,360,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,201,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Somatic morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A–D. Holotype male; A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Frontal view; D. Leg I retrolateral view. E–H. Female paratype; E. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; G. Frontal view; H. Leg 1 retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D, E); 0.5 mm (B–C, F–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231411/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">4A–H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFED9FB65518D7DB4" box="[371,442,1194,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">5A–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFE6CFB64523D7DB4" box="[454,522,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">7A–D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03767F13DF43FFFEFF3DFB3C52657C24" blockId="5.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFF3DFB3C517E7C7D" bold="true" box="[151,329,1266,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B3A1754EDF43FFFEFEF9FB3C54A67C40" collectingDate="2023-03-12" collectorName="A. Jose" country="India" elevation="980" latitude="11.094444" location="Silent Valley National Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.45083" municipality="Palakkad" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFEF9FB3C51FE7C7C" bold="true" box="[339,457,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<typeStatus id="DC72C1B1DF43FFFEFEF9FB3C51F37C7C" box="[339,452,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="15CFB49ADF43FFFEFE7EFB3C51DE7C7C" box="[468,489,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(CATE 10321853a) from 
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<collectingCountry id="7BDE3F83DF43FFFEFCB5FB3D53417C7D" box="[799,886,1266,1292]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFC2FFB3D53E47C7C" bold="true" box="[901,979,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<collectingRegion id="C10DB1F1DF43FFFEFC2FFB3D53E47C7C" box="[901,979,1266,1293]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Kerala</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="E312E569DF43FFFEFC4DFB3C54657C7C" box="[999,1106,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Palakkad</collectingMunicipality>
: 
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(
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="66FD19D4DF43FFFEFE83FAD751977C42" box="[297,416,1304,1331]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" precision="15" seconds="3" value="76.45083">76°27′3″E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="C431D2F6DF43FFFEFE05FAD851CE7C40" box="[431,505,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="980.0">
<elevation id="88E49820DF43FFFEFE05FAD851CE7C40" box="[431,505,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.), 
<date id="777759D3DF43FFFEFDE8FAD852CF7C40" box="[578,760,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" value="2023-03-12">
<collectingDate id="6733A03BDF43FFFEFDE8FAD852CF7C40" box="[578,760,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" value="2023-03-12">12 March 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="AE3C1AC5DF43FFFEFCAFFAD8536C7C40" box="[773,859,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">A. Jose</collectorName>
coll., from litter, by hand
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="B3A1754EDF43FFFEFB0AFAD852787C24" collectingDate="2023-03-12" collectorName="A. Jose" country="India" elevation="980" latitude="11.094444" location="Silent Valley National Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.45083" municipality="Palakkad" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Paratype" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFB0AFAD8553A7C40" bold="true" box="[1184,1293,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<typeStatus id="DC72C1B1DF43FFFEFB0AFAD8553A7C40" box="[1184,1293,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="15CFB49ADF43FFFEFAB5FAD855757C40" box="[1311,1346,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(CATE 10321853b), same data as for holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BD32C98DF43FFFEFF6DFA9051237CB0" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="03767F13DF43FFFEFF6DFA9051237CB0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFF6DFA9051797C08" bold="true" box="[199,334,1375,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of the late Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, the father of Indian green revolution, for his efforts, passion and contributions to the society. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BD32C98DF43FFFEFF6DFA05531A7EAC" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="03767F13DF43FFFEFF6DFA05531A7EAC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFF6DFA0551757C95" bold="true" box="[199,322,1482,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Male of 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFE0DFA0452EE7C94" authority="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar, 2024" authorityName="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2024" box="[423,729,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swaminathan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFE0DFA0452EE7C94" box="[423,729,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Habrocestum swaminathan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFD4BFA04530C7C94" bold="true" box="[737,827,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A8E1E7ADF43FFFEFD4BFA04530C7C94" box="[737,827,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is mostly similar to 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFB8AFA0451B27F78" authority="Asima, Caleb, Babu &amp; Prasad, 2022" authorityName="Asima, Caleb, Babu &amp; Prasad" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shendurneyense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFB8AFA0454C17C94" box="[1056,1270,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. shendurneyense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="675802E2DF43FFFEFB57FA0451B27F78" author="Asima, A. &amp; Caleb, J. T. D. &amp; Babu, N. &amp; Prasad, G." pageId="5" pageNumber="217" pagination="305 - 311" refId="ref6021" refString="Asima, A., Caleb, J. T. D., Babu, N. &amp; Prasad, G. (2022) Two new species of Habrocestum Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini) from Western Ghats, India. Arthropoda Selecta, 31 (3), 305 - 311. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 31.3.06" type="journal article" year="2022">Asima, Caleb, Babu &amp; Prasad, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with the shared absence of a proximal lobe of tegulum. However, the new species can be easily distinguished by the absence of a retrobasal cymbial extension (vs. present in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFBA7F9DC54D37F5C" authorityName="Asima, Caleb, Babu &amp; Prasad" authorityYear="2022" box="[1037,1252,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shendurneyense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFBA7F9DC54D37F5C" box="[1037,1252,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. shendurneyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), comparatively long embolus (vs. short in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFE66F9F852947F20" authorityName="Asima, Caleb, Babu &amp; Prasad" authorityYear="2022" box="[460,675,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shendurneyense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFE66F9F852947F20" box="[460,675,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. shendurneyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and long RTA with a pointed, slightly curved tip (vs. small RTA with a broad, blunt tip in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFE1BF99452B17F04" authorityName="Asima, Caleb, Babu &amp; Prasad" authorityYear="2022" box="[433,646,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shendurneyense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFE1BF99452B17F04" box="[433,646,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. shendurneyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFD37F994532C7F04" box="[669,795,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Figs 5A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFC8CF994535E7F04" box="[806,873,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">7A–B</figureCitation>
vs. figs 
<quantity id="C431D2F6DF43FFFEFC6DF995541E7F04" box="[967,1065,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="675802E2DF43FFFEFB84F99454CE7F04" author="Asima, A. &amp; Caleb, J. T. D. &amp; Babu, N. &amp; Prasad, G." box="[1070,1273,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" pagination="305 - 311" refId="ref6021" refString="Asima, A., Caleb, J. T. D., Babu, N. &amp; Prasad, G. (2022) Two new species of Habrocestum Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini) from Western Ghats, India. Arthropoda Selecta, 31 (3), 305 - 311. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 31.3.06" type="journal article" year="2022">
Asima 
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFBD4F99454817F04" box="[1150,1206,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally, the palp shares similarities with that of 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFDCBF9B0544D7FE8" authority="Wesolowska &amp; van Harten, 2007" authorityName="Wesolowska &amp; van Harten" authorityYear="2007" box="[609,1146,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosum">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFDCBF9B052C57FE8" box="[609,754,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. gibbosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="675802E2DF43FFFEFD51F9B0544D7FE8" author="Wesolowska, W. &amp; Harten, A. van" box="[763,1146,1663,1689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" pagination="189 - 269" refId="ref7108" refString="Wesolowska, W. &amp; Harten, A. van (2007) Additions to the knowledge of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia, 23, 189 - 269." type="journal article" year="2007">Wesołowska &amp; van Harten, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly in the shape of the RTA and embolus, but can be differentiated by the absence of proximal lobe of tegulum (vs. present in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFA2BF96C51337F90" authorityName="Wesolowska &amp; van Harten" authorityYear="2007" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosum">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFA2BF96C51337F90" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. gibbosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), relatively shorter embolus with broad base (vs. narrow, long, ribbon-like in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFBFDF90854D27F90" authorityName="Wesolowska &amp; van Harten" authorityYear="2007" box="[1111,1253,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosum">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFBFDF90854D27F90" box="[1111,1253,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. gibbosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), ventral margin of RTA straight in retrolateral view (vs. curved in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFD66F924536B7E74" authorityName="Wesolowska &amp; van Harten" authorityYear="2007" box="[716,860,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosum">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFD66F924536B7E74" box="[716,860,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. gibbosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFCDFF92453C37E74" box="[885,1012,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Figs 5A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFBAAF92454737E74" box="[1024,1092,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">7A–B</figureCitation>
vs. figs 58, 
<quantity id="C431D2F6DF43FFFEFB65F925553F7E74" box="[1231,1288,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4986" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" unit="in" value="59.0">59 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="675802E2DF43FFFEFAA5F92451427E58" author="Wesolowska, W. &amp; Harten, A. van" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" pagination="189 - 269" refId="ref7108" refString="Wesolowska, W. &amp; Harten, A. van (2007) Additions to the knowledge of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia, 23, 189 - 269." type="journal article" year="2007">Wesołowska &amp; van Harten 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Females are comparable to 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFD14F8C054CC7E58" authority="Kanesharatnam &amp; Benjamin, 2016" authorityName="Kanesharatnam &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2016" box="[702,1275,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hantaneense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFD14F8C0535A7E58" box="[702,877,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. hantaneense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="675802E2DF43FFFEFCDFF8C054CC7E58" author="Kanesharatnam, N. &amp; Benjamin, S. P." box="[885,1275,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref6312" refString="Kanesharatnam, N. &amp; Benjamin, S. P. (2016) Three new generic records and descriptions of four new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. European Journal of Taxonomy, 228, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.228" type="journal article" year="2016">
Kanesharatnam &amp; Benjamin, 
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the general appearance, but differs by the medially thin epigyne pocket with triangular shallow notch (vs. thin epigynal pocket with notch not triangular in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFE77F89852BA7E00" authorityName="Kanesharatnam &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2016" box="[477,653,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hantaneense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFE77F89852BA7E00" box="[477,653,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. hantaneense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the proximal end of spermatheca slender and inwardly folded (vs. broad, not folded in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFEDDF8B452137EE4" authorityName="Kanesharatnam &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2016" box="[375,548,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hantaneense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFEDDF8B452137EE4" box="[375,548,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. hantaneense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), closely placed median window (vs. distally placed in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFB22F8B455017EE4" authorityName="Kanesharatnam &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2016" box="[1160,1334,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hantaneense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFB22F8B455017EE4" box="[1160,1334,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. hantaneense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the copulatory openings placed along the medial region (vs. mid-lateral region in 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF43FFFEFBADF85054817EC8" authorityName="Kanesharatnam &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2016" box="[1031,1206,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hantaneense">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF43FFFEFBADF85054817EC8" box="[1031,1206,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">H. hantaneense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFB64F850557A7EC8" box="[1230,1357,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">Figs 5C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF43FFFEFAF3F85055AB7EC8" box="[1369,1436,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="217">7C–D</figureCitation>
vs. figs 5E–F, 6C–D in 
<bibRefCitation id="675802E2DF43FFFEFE34F80C53167EAC" author="Kanesharatnam, N. &amp; Benjamin, S. P." box="[414,801,1987,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref6312" refString="Kanesharatnam, N. &amp; Benjamin, S. P. (2016) Three new generic records and descriptions of four new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. European Journal of Taxonomy, 228, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.228" type="journal article" year="2016">Kanesharatnam &amp; Benjamin 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="57B62F9BDF40FFFDFF3DF8BA53097EA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11231411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231411/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="218" startId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[151,1418,201,1882]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="03767F13DF40FFFDFF3DF8BA53097EA7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1909,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF40FFFDFF3DF8BA51257EFC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1909,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="218">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Somatic morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF40FFFDFDA1F8BA53287EFC" authority="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar, 2024" authorityName="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2024" box="[523,799,1909,1933]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swaminathan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF40FFFDFDA1F8BA53287EFC" box="[523,799,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="218">Habrocestum swaminathan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF40FFFDFC8EF8BA53437EFC" bold="true" box="[804,884,1909,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="218">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A8E1E7ADF40FFFDFC8EF8BA53437EFC" box="[804,884,1909,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="218" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A–D. Holotype male; A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Frontal view; D. Leg I retrolateral view. E–H. Female paratype; E. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; G. Frontal view; H. Leg 1 retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D, E); 0.5 mm (B–C, F–H).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57B62F9BDF41FFFCFF3DFBA8529E7D9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="219" startId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" targetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="03767F13DF41FFFCFF3DFBA8529E7D9A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1127,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF41FFFCFF3DFBA851247DF1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1127,1152]" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Genital morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF41FFFCFDA3FBA853287D0E" authority="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar, 2024" authorityName="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2024" box="[521,799,1127,1151]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swaminathan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF41FFFCFDA3FBA853287D0E" box="[521,799,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">Habrocestum swaminathan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF41FFFCFC8FFBA753417DF1" bold="true" box="[805,886,1128,1152]" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A8E1E7ADF41FFFCFC8FFBA753417DF1" box="[805,886,1128,1152]" pageId="7" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D). Abbreviations: AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4BD32C98DF41FFF3FF6DFAD653F57AD4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="7" pageNumber="219" type="description">
<paragraph id="03767F13DF41FFF3FF6DFAD65203786C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1305,2016]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF41FFFCFF6DFAD651AD7C45" bold="true" box="[199,410,1305,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">Description. Male</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="DC72C1B1DF41FFFCFE0DFAD552237C45" box="[423,532,1306,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="219" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, CATE 10321853a) (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF41FFFCFD50FAD553637C45" box="[762,852,1306,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[243,1344,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. General habitus of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. (A–F). A. Holotype male, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Paratype female, dorsal view; E. Same lateral view; F. Same, frontal view. General habitus of Habrocestum benjamin sp. nov. (G–H). G. Holotype male, dorsal view; H. Paratype female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231402/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">Figs 1G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF41FFFCFCF4FAD553917C45" box="[862,934,1306,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,201,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Somatic morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A–D. Holotype male; A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Frontal view; D. Leg I retrolateral view. E–H. Female paratype; E. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; G. Frontal view; H. Leg 1 retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D, E); 0.5 mm (B–C, F–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231411/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">4A–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF41FFFCFC05FAD653C57C45" box="[943,1010,1305,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">5A–B</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF41FFFCFBBBFAD5546E7C45" box="[1041,1113,1306,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">7A–B</figureCitation>
). Measurements: body length 3.45; carapace 1.89 long, 1.46 wide, 1.09 height; abdomen 1.56 long, 1.29 wide. Eye sizes and ocular distance: AME 0.43, ALE 0.27, PME 0.07, PLE 0.25; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PME 1.15, ALE–ALE 1.13, PME–PLE 0.16, PLE–PLE 1.08, ALE–PME 0.34, ALE–PLE 0.57; Length of chelicerae 0.53. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.13. Length of pedipalp and legs: pedipalp 1.74 (0.59, 0.37, 0.20, 0.58), I 3.78 (1.05, 0.53, 1.13, 0.65, 0.42), II 2.78 (0.82, 0.53, 0.65, 0.49, 0.29), III 2.97 (0.97, 0.50, 0.62, 0.65, 0.23), IV 2.99 (0.88, 0.46, 0.60, 0.67, 0.33). Leg formula: 1342. Spination of legs: femur I do 1, II pld 1, III pld 2 do 2, IV do 1; patella I–II 0, III–IV rl 1; tibia I plv 4 rlv 3, II pl 2 plv 2 rlv 3, III pld 2 rld 2, IV pld 2 rld 3; metatarsus I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 4 rlv 2, III–IV pl 2 pld 2 plv 2 rl 1 rld 2 rlv 2; tarsus I–IV 0. Colouration (in alcohol): carapace orange-brown, with sparse black hairs posteriorly; anterolaterally a distinct white stripe extends along lateral midline to posterior dorsum; a faint patch of white hairs present below fovea; eye field black, adorned with pale yellow hairs, intermixed with long black vertical hairs that fringe above AER in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF41FFFCFD83F96952B27FB1" box="[553,645,1702,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,201,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Somatic morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A–D. Holotype male; A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Frontal view; D. Leg I retrolateral view. E–H. Female paratype; E. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; G. Frontal view; H. Leg 1 retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D, E); 0.5 mm (B–C, F–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231411/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); outer margin defined by flame orange hairs, extends posteriorly to about 3/4th of carapace margin, below white patch; clypeus colour same as carapace, sparsely covered with black long hairs; chelicerae chestnut brown; endites and sternum pale brown. Legs creamy white uniformly. Abdomen brown, hairy, marked with a faint crescent shape frontally and chevron patterns posteriorly, venter creamy white. Carapace longer than abdomen, nearly U-shaped, broadest behind the PMEs, slopes gently toward the front, rear truncated with abrupt posterior slope; eye field short, raised. Fovea small, indistinct. Chelicerae with two closely spaced teeth on promargin and single bicuspid tooth on retromargin, with one ramous reduced and blunt; endites with fewer scopulae, absent on labium. Abdomen oval, narrower than the prosoma; spinnerets elongated. Pedipalp (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF41FFFCFF35F80951287E91" box="[159,287,1989,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">Figs 5A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF41FFFCFE87F80951427E91" box="[301,373,1990,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="219">7A–B</figureCitation>
): tibia and cymbium tan brown, other legs creamy white; patella dorsum, cymbium and tibia disto-prolaterally covered with long white hairs. Cymbium long, elongated apically. Tegulum oval with a medial tegular cleft, proximal lobe of tegulum absent; tegular ledge present, covers half of tegulum and extends to embolic base. Embolus arises from 9 o'clock position and is directed at 11 o'clock position; RTA small, stout, broad at base, with a beak-like, curved, pointed tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03767F13DF4EFFF3FF6DFEE853F67A48" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF4EFFF3FF6DFEE851297830" bold="true" box="[199,286,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">Female</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="DC72C1B1DF4EFFF3FE85FEE851A27830" box="[303,405,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FE04FEE8523B7830" box="[430,524,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[243,1344,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. General habitus of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. (A–F). A. Holotype male, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Paratype female, dorsal view; E. Same lateral view; F. Same, frontal view. General habitus of Habrocestum benjamin sp. nov. (G–H). G. Holotype male, dorsal view; H. Paratype female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231402/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">Figs 1H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FDB6FEE852577830" box="[540,608,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,201,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Somatic morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A–D. Holotype male; A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Frontal view; D. Leg I retrolateral view. E–H. Female paratype; E. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; G. Frontal view; H. Leg 1 retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D, E); 0.5 mm (B–C, F–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231411/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">4E–H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FDC7FEE952867830" box="[621,689,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">5C–D</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FD73FEE8532B7830" box="[729,796,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">7C–D</figureCitation>
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF4EFFF3FCB6FEE953127831" bold="true" box="[796,805,294,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">)</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation id="B3A1754EDF4EFFF3FC9CFEE853897A48" collectionCode="AME, ALE, PME, PLE" pageId="8" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="ALE 1.10, PME 1.07, PLE 1.13" specimenCount="1">
Measurements: body length 4.20; carapace 1.92 long, 1.44 wide, 0.98 height; abdomen 2.28 long, 1.74 wide. Eye sizes and ocular distance: 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FBCBFE8454A87814" box="[1121,1183,331,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">AME</collectionCode>
0.44, 
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0.26, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FAC9FE8455AA7814" box="[1379,1437,331,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PME</collectionCode>
0.08, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FF7CFEA0513F78F8" box="[214,264,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PLE</collectionCode>
0.17; 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FEE7FEA051BC78F8" box="[333,395,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">AME</collectionCode>
– 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FE30FEA051EF78F8" box="[410,472,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">AME</collectionCode>
0.02, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FDB6FEA0526D78F8" box="[540,602,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">AME</collectionCode>
– 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FDC2FEA052A978F8" box="[616,670,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">ALE</collectionCode>
0.03, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FD49FEA0532E78F8" box="[739,793,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">ALE</collectionCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="536FD768DF4EFFF3FC82FEA053AE78F8" box="[808,921,367,393]" collectionCode="ALE" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">ALE 1.10</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FC0EFEA053E978F8" box="[932,990,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PME</collectionCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="536FD768DF4EFFF3FC46FEA0546878F8" box="[1004,1119,367,393]" collectionCode="PME" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PME 1.07</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FBC1FEA0549378F8" box="[1131,1188,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PME</collectionCode>
– 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FB19FEA054D278F8" box="[1203,1253,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PLE</collectionCode>
0.19, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FA81FEA0556A78F8" box="[1323,1373,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PLE</collectionCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="536FD768DF4EFFF3FAC0FEA050FD78DC" collectionCode="PLE" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PLE 1.13</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FF7EFE5C513D78DC" box="[212,266,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">ALE</collectionCode>
– 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FEB2FE5C516578DC" box="[280,338,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PME</collectionCode>
0.26, 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FE3EFE5C51FD78DC" box="[404,458,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">ALE</collectionCode>
– 
<collectionCode id="65D8E7D6DF4EFFF3FE72FE5C523D78DC" box="[472,522,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">PLE</collectionCode>
0.54. Length of chelicerae 0.48. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.09. Length of palp and legs: palp 1.46 (0.55, 0.22, 0.27, 0.42); I 3.23 (1.03, 0.57, 0.78, 0.51, 0.34), II 2.46 (0.82, 0.43, 0.54, 0.41, 0.26), III 3.27 (1.18, 0.50, 0.67, 0.65, 0.27), IV 3.3 (1.1, 0.42, 0.67, 0.75, 0.36). Leg formula 4312. Spination of legs: femur I pld 3, II pld 2 do 2, III do 3 rld 1, IV do 3; patella I–III 0, IV rl 1; tibia I plv 4 rlv 3, II pl 1 plv 3 rlv 3, III pl 2 plv1 rl 2, IV rl 2; metatarsus I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 4 rlv 2, III–IV pl 1 pld 2 plv 2 rl 1 rld 2 rlv 2; tarsus I–IV 0. Colouration (in alcohol): body form and colour same as in male, except, carapace and clypeus brown, eye field black with a distinct red patch above AMEs. 3/4th of carapace clothed with pale yellow hairs. Abdomen venter mottled with brown patches. Palp pale yellow. Epigyne with a pair of postero-lateral pockets. Windows large, copulatory openings situated medially (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FE7BFD7C52797BBC" box="[465,590,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">Figs 5C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FDF3FD7C52967BBC" box="[601,673,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">7C–D</figureCitation>
). Tubular accessory glands seen emerging from below spermathecae and move laterally, which are apparent in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FCBBFD1853597B80" box="[785,878,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">Figs 5C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FCD1FD1853A87B80" box="[891,927,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">7C</figureCitation>
). Copulatory ducts short. Spermathecae with moderately sclerotized posterior portion, anterior portion tube-like with thick walls, bent like swans facing each other. Fertilization ducts narrow, directed antero-laterally (
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FC8CFCD053B47A48" box="[806,899,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D).Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland; CO—copulatory opening; E—embolus; EP—epigynal pocket; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S— spermatheca; SM—spermaphor; TL—tegular ledge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231416/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9BF26396DF4EFFF3FC25FCD053837A48" box="[911,948,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,189,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1436,181,1054]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genital morphology of Habrocestum swaminathan sp. nov. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Female epigyne, ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11231421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11231421/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">7D</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03767F13DF4EFFF3FF6DFC8C53F57AD4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF4EFFF3FF6DFC8C51B37A2D" bold="true" box="[199,388,834,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C4C90490DF4EFFF3FE23FC8C528D7A2C" authority="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar, 2024" authorityName="Jose &amp; Caleb &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2024" box="[393,698,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Habrocestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swaminathan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF4EFFF3FE23FC8C528D7A2C" box="[393,698,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">Habrocestum swaminathan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF4EFFF3FD6AFC8C532F7A2C" bold="true" box="[704,792,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A8E1E7ADF4EFFF3FD6AFC8C532F7A2C" box="[704,792,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was spotted actively moving on the forest floor which had minimal litter depth, near a stream in the closed evergreen forest. Multiple sightings of this species were recorded during the observation period, indicating its association with the habitat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BD32C98DF4EFFF3FF6DFC6152C67AB8" box="[199,753,942,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="03767F13DF4EFFF3FF6DFC6152C67AB8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,753,942,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="31BDA301DF4EFFF3FF6DFC6151567AB9" bold="true" box="[199,353,942,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the 
<typeStatus id="DC72C1B1DF4EFFF3FDCAFC6052A77AB8" box="[608,656,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="220">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>