295 lines
38 KiB
XML
295 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="34D96A928E588AFF4CFA17A6BAF534EA">Review of the rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Pliocene of Willershausen, Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4E1E6B0623B64EC620B6654FE546ABB">Shaw, Josh Jenkins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2C2B885AADA2A29FA179DBCA4C8F9CE2">Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F6C812D0727A7DD58B537D5F723D9EB9" type="email">josh.shaw@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C9D922E8878433354223CFF9CBE0E529">Gehler, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C85F5A920C84B01C89C6308BDD132C6F">Geoscience Museum, Georg August University, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8715016B80820C686FEAA48FA06EC47" type="email">agehler@gwdg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="170C187D2976E69A6045A56F675D6230">Kaulfuss, Uwe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF3E55BADE2745ED97762BDDFFE4015D">Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Georg August University, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="43D35EC4E4F678987DD3D95F7FA6FAB1" type="email">uwe.kaulfuss@uni-goettingen.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0C07CE9C795F33DF18AF978241A1C7D4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B388D2880DC69BC42FDE9A7AA41C860C">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="5C66878F1923E83E55E3FEA8FCDC88AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10815230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10815230" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C66878F1923E83E55E3FEA8FCDC88AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C66878F1923E83E55E3FEA8FCDC88AA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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<subSubSection id="9CD565121923E83D55E3FEA8FDD28DCA" box="[151,551,367,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D47036991923E83D55E3FEA8FDD28DCA" blockId="5.[151,551,367,394]" box="[151,551,367,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="8F3881F51923E83D55E3FEA8FDD28DCA" bold="true" box="[151,551,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D55E3FEA8FDD28DCA" bold="true" box="[151,551,367,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D559AFEA8FDD28DCA" ID-CoL="8VRXT" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[238,551,367,394]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D559AFEA8FEAB8DC9" bold="true" box="[238,350,367,394]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Paederus</emphasis>
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Fabricius, 1775
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CD565121923E83D55E3FE73FD9A8DA9" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D47036991923E83D55E3FE73FACE8D8F" blockId="5.[151,1339,435,490]" box="[151,1339,435,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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†
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<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D55D0FE73FE348D88" ID-CoL="8XNZD" authority="Korge, 1967" authorityName="Korge" authorityYear="1967" box="[164,449,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pliosyntomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="syn. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D55D0FE73FEC98D8F" box="[164,316,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Pliosyntomium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681923E83D5436FE73FE348D88" author="Korge, H." box="[322,449,435,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D54B3FE73FDD18D8F" bold="true" box="[455,548,436,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FD8857F01923E83D54B3FE73FDD18D8F" box="[455,548,436,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="0B74883B1923E83D5745FE73FD908D8F" box="[561,613,436,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D57B6FE73FBCE8D88" ID-CoL="4KGR7" authority="Korge, 1967" authorityName="Korge" authorityYear="1967" box="[706,1083,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pliosyntomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D57B6FE73FC428D8F" box="[706,951,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Pliosyntomium schmidti</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681923E83D56C9FE73FBCE8D88" author="Korge, H." box="[957,1083,435,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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by original designation).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D47036991923E83D55E3FE15FD9A8DA9" blockId="5.[151,1339,435,490]" box="[151,623,466,490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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†
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||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D55D0FE15FE008DA9" authority="(Korge, 1967)" authorityName="Shaw & Gehler & Kaulfuss" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Korge" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[164,501,466,490]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmidti" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D55D0FE15FE958DA9" box="[164,352,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Paederus schmidti</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681923E83D5419FE15FE1B8DA9" author="Korge, H." box="[365,494,466,490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D548FFE15FD9A8DA9" bold="true" box="[507,623,466,490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FD8857F01923E83D548FFE15FD9A8DA9" box="[507,623,466,490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9CD565121923E83D55E3FDDFFD138E70" box="[151,742,536,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="D47036991923E83D55E3FDDFFD138E70" blockId="5.[151,1437,536,707]" box="[151,742,536,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D55E3FDDFFEF38E71" bold="true" box="[151,262,536,562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="0B74883B1923E83D5479FDDFFE8D8E71" box="[269,376,536,562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, GZG.W.35142 (597-1) (
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<figureCitation id="4CF42A1C1923E83D57E7FDDFFD2C8E70" box="[659,729,536,563]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[529,1059,730,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-132@5.[529,1059,730,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paederus schmidti (Korge, 1967) comb. nov. (Holotype, GZG.W.35142 (597-1)), tergites: T1, T2. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10808111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10808111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9CD565121923E83E55B3FDFAFCDC88AA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D47036991923E83D55B3FDFAFE3F8E81" blockId="5.[151,1437,536,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
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||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D55B3FDFAFECE8E14" bold="true" box="[199,315,573,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Remarks.</emphasis>
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681923E83D54AEFDFAFD728E14" author="Newton, A. F." box="[474,647,573,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" pagination="2022" refId="ref4837" refString="Newton, A. F. (2022) StaphBase: Staphyliniformia world catalog database (version Aug 2022): Staphylinoidea, Hydrophiloidea, Histeroidea (except Histeridae). In: Banki, O., Roskov, Y. et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist. Available from: https: // www. catalogueoflife. org / (accessed 27 February 2023)" type="book chapter" year="2022">Newton (2022)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, †
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||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D57D4FDFBFC2E8E15" authority="Korge, 1967" authorityName="Korge" authorityYear="1967" box="[672,987,572,599]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pliosyntomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D57D4FDFBFCBD8E15" box="[672,840,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Pliosyntomium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681923E83D563BFDFAFC2E8E15" author="Korge, H." box="[847,987,572,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is currently unassigned to a tribe within the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D5441FDA7FE418E39" box="[309,436,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxytelinae">Oxytelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681923E83D54C9FDA7FD848E39" author="Cai, C. Y. & Lu, L. & Caron, E. & Bortoluzzi, S. & Newton, A. F. & Thayer, M. K. & Huang, D. Y." box="[445,625,608,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" pagination="345 - 357" refId="ref3542" refString="Cai, C. Y., Lu, L., Caron, E., Bortoluzzi, S., Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K. & Huang, D. Y. (2016) First piestine rove beetle in Eocene Baltic amber (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Piestinae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 89 (4), 345 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.2317 / 0022 - 8567 - 89.4.345" type="journal article" year="2016">
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||
Cai
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D549DFDA6FDEC8E39" box="[489,537,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
listed †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D57B3FDA7FC9A8E39" authorityName="Korge" authorityYear="1967" box="[711,879,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pliosyntomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D57B3FDA7FC9A8E39" box="[711,879,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Pliosyntomium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D5685FDA7FB858E39" authorityName="Boving & Craighead" authorityYear="1931" box="[1009,1136,608,634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Syntomiini">Syntomiini</taxonomicName>
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||
, albeit without explanation but presumably based on the original description of
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681923E83D579FFD42FC718EDD" author="Korge, H." box="[747,900,644,671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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||
who noted its affinity with
|
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<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D51B0FD42FAB58EDC" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1828" box="[1220,1344,645,671]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Syntomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D51B0FD42FAB58EDC" box="[1220,1344,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Syntomium</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, among other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D543CFD6FFE328E81" box="[328,455,680,706]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxytelinae">Oxytelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="80B066111923E83D55ECF8A6FF338BDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10808111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10808111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10808111/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" startId="5.[152,255,1889,1913]" targetBox="[529,1059,730,1865]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="D47036991923E83D55ECF8A6FF338BDE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1889,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D55ECF8A6FEEC8B3A" bold="true" box="[152,281,1889,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1923E83D5454F8A5FD818B3A" authority="(Korge, 1967)" authorityName="Shaw & Gehler & Kaulfuss" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Korge" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[288,628,1889,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmidti" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D5454F8A5FE288B39" box="[288,477,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">Paederus schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681923E83D549FF8A5FD988B3A" author="Korge, H." box="[491,621,1889,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1923E83D570FF8A5FD058B39" bold="true" box="[635,752,1890,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FD8857F01923E83D570FF8A5FD058B39" box="[635,752,1890,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="121" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Holotype, GZG.W.35142 (597-1)), tergites: T1, T2. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D47036991920E83E55B3FF50FECA8DEE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Among other characters,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681920E83E5496FF50FD8C8CF2" author="Korge, H." box="[482,633,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions: “Die Unterfamilie der
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5686FF50FB988CF2" box="[1010,1133,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxytelinae">Oxytelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
zeichnet sich u. a. dadurch von allen anderen Subfamilien der
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5754FF7CFD4F8C96" box="[544,698,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
aus, dass vom zweiten Abdominalsegment Tergit und Sternit ganz deutlich ausgebildet sind. Bei den anderen Unterfamilien sind von den ersten beiden Segmenten nur die Tergite vorhanden, aber nicht chitinisiert und unter den Flügeldecken verborgen; die Sternite sind ganz reduziert.” [The subfamily of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E542EFEE0FE208D02" box="[346,469,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxytelinae">Oxytelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized i.a. from all other subfamilies of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E514CFEE0FB278D02" box="[1080,1234,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the tergite and sternite are clearly developed from the second abdominal segment. In the other subfamilies, only the tergites are present from the first two segments, but are not chitinized and are hidden under the wing covers; the sternites are quite reduced.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D47036991920E83E55B3FE70FA728E22" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681920E83E55B3FE70FE978D92" author="Korge, H." box="[199,354,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not entirely wrong in that a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E56B7FE70FBCB8D92" box="[963,1086,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxytelinae">Oxytelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of the second sternite of the abdomen. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681920E83E576BFE1CFD3C8DB6" author="Korge, H." box="[543,713,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge’s (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
interpretation of the fossil was incorrect. No sternites are visible at all on the specimen, but one can clearly observe the fused tergites I and II which are exposed and visible due to the dislocation of the right elytron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4CF42A1C1920E83E575DFDE4FD9B8E7E" box="[553,622,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[529,1059,730,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-132@5.[529,1059,730,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paederus schmidti (Korge, 1967) comb. nov. (Holotype, GZG.W.35142 (597-1)), tergites: T1, T2. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10808111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10808111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, T
|
||
<figureCitation id="4CF42A1C1920E83E57E4FDE4FD6E8E7E" box="[656,667,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1340,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[542,1046,179,1314]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. GZG.W.18268 (Aleocharinae?). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10815226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10815226/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">1</figureCitation>
|
||
, T
|
||
<figureCitation id="4CF42A1C1920E83E57CFFDE4FD3F8E7E" box="[699,714,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,237,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-61@3.[177,1410,237,1372]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Micropeplus macrofulvus Gersdorf, 1976 (Holotype, GZG.W.24110a+b (30166)). A, Part. B, Counterpart. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10808105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10808105/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The left elytron is in resting position, covering the left portion of tergites I and II. If the right elytron was also in resting position, tergites I and II would be completely covered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D47036991920E83E55B3FDACFCDC88AA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Based on overall body shape and above-mentioned characters, all subfamilies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E513DFDACFB168EC6" box="[1097,1251,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be excluded except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5593FD48FE8A8EEA" box="[231,383,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aleocharinae">Aleocharinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E54F8FD48FDF28EEA" box="[396,519,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paederinae">Paederinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5735FD48FD2A8EEA" box="[577,735,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Staphylininae">Staphylininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unambiguous characters that would allow assignment of the fossil to any of these subfamilies are unfortunately not preserved. The relatively large size of the fossil (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="13379B7C1920E83E5034FD74FA758E8E" box="[1344,1408,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length) is more typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E54C6FD10FDD88EB2" box="[434,557,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paederinae">Paederinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5714FD10FD0B8EB2" box="[608,766,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Staphylininae">Staphylininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The elongate body, pronotum apparently differently colored to the elytra, bicolored front leg and abdomen, and abdomen widest at tergite VII immediately suggest affinities of this taxon to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E54E0FCD8FE0B8F7A" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[404,510,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E54E0FCD8FE0B8F7A" box="[404,510,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Paederus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Very few rove beetles have such aposematic coloration, which is widespread in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E55AAFC84FEBD8F1E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[222,328,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E55AAFC84FEBD8F1E" box="[222,328,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Paederus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681920E83E54F0FC84FDE58F1E" author="Parker, J." box="[388,528,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" pagination="49 - 51" refId="ref4906" refString="Parker, J. (2017) Staphylinids. Current Biology, 27 (2), 49 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2016.07.050" type="journal article" year="2017">Parker 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E57ADFC84FBF78F1E" authority="Erichson, 1839" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" box="[729,1026,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oedichirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E57ADFC84FCA08F1E" box="[729,853,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Oedichirus</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson, 1839
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5164FC84FB648F1E" box="[1040,1169,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paederinae">Paederinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E51EDFC84FAEF8F1E" box="[1177,1306,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pinophilini">Pinophilini</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5057FC84FA608F1E" box="[1315,1429,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Procirrina">Procirrina</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are also aposematically colored but placement in this genus can be excluded based on the presence of paratergites on the abdomen (lacking in all members of the subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5675FC4CFC828FE6" box="[769,887,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Procirrina">Procirrina</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Aposematically colored
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E51E2FC4CFAC58FE6" box="[1174,1328,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Staphylininae">Staphylininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much less frequent and in general
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E54AFFC68FD808F8A" box="[475,629,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Staphylininae">Staphylininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the abdomen widest at tergite III or IV. Although we cannot rule out distortion of the specimen during preservation, based on all above-mentioned characters and considerations, the originally proposed affinity of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5740FC30FD298852" authorityName="Korge" authorityYear="1967" box="[564,732,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pliosyntomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E5740FC30FD298852" box="[564,732,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Pliosyntomium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E56DEFC30FBD08852" box="[938,1061,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oxytelinae">Oxytelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E51A2FC30FAA78852" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1828" box="[1238,1362,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Syntomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E51A2FC30FAA78852" box="[1238,1362,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Syntomium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not supported. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5450FBDCFD968876" authority="Korge, 1967" authorityName="Korge" authorityYear="1967" box="[292,611,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pliosyntomium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="syn. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E5450FBDCFE398876" box="[292,460,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Pliosyntomium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681920E83E54A1FBDCFD968876" author="Korge, H." box="[469,611,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E5719FBDCFD228876" bold="true" box="[621,727,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FD8857F01920E83E5719FBDCFD228876" box="[621,727,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is here proposed as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E51CEFBDCFF27881A" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E51CEFBDCFAD18876" box="[1210,1316,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Paederus</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This generic synonymy necessitates transfer of the species to the respective genus resulting in the tentative new combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5410FBA4FD2A883E" authority="(Korge, 1967)" authorityName="Shaw & Gehler & Kaulfuss" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Korge" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[356,735,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmidti" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E5410FBA4FDC3883E" box="[356,566,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Paederus schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681920E83E5732FBA4FD23883E" author="Korge, H." box="[582,726,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref4414" refString="Korge, H. (1967) Ein fossiler Staphylinide aus dem pliozanen Ton von Willershausen im westlichen Harzvorland. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, 111, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Korge, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E579CFBA4FC9F883E" bold="true" box="[744,874,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FD8857F01920E83E579CFBA4FC9F883E" box="[744,874,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E56FCFBA4FBAF883E" authorityName="Shaw & Gehler & Kaulfuss" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Korge" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[904,1114,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E56FCFBA4FBAF883E" box="[904,1114,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Paederus schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents the second fossil species of the genus, the other being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E5737FB40FC4588E2" authority="Wickham" authorityName="Wickham" authorityYear="1913" box="[579,944,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adumbratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E5737FB40FCC988E2" box="[579,828,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Paederus adumbratus</emphasis>
|
||
Wickham
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the late Eocene Florissant Formation (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="160BF87B1920E83E55EBFB6CFEF98886" box="[159,268,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACD876091920E83E546DFB6CFEA68886" box="[281,339,1195,1221]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05E4B681920E83E541EFB6CFDE88886" author="Wickham, H. F." box="[362,541,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" pagination="3 - 29" refId="ref5081" refString="Wickham, H. F. (1913) Fossil Coleoptera from the Wilson ranch near Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, 6 (4). 3 - 29." type="journal article" year="1913">Wickham 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13CF4D1A1920E83E578AFB6CFC9D8886" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[766,872,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paederus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6BBEA8B1920E83E578AFB6CFC9D8886" box="[766,872,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Paederus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Europe are often associated with wet habitats, moors, wet meadows, river and stream edges and marshes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |