247 lines
21 KiB
XML
247 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6297" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fba7999a-4221-4c0a-a7a1-0a22d9284733" ID-PMC="PMC4714380" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-541-87" ID-PubMed="26798283" ID-ZBK="3AB84A6F2A5F4DA5A63045B71064E571" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-541-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 541" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Euptychia Hübner, 1818 from the upper Amazon basin (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" checkinTime="1451243659335" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neild, Andrew F. E., Nakahara, Shinichi, Zacca, Thamara, Fratello, Steven, Lamas, Gerardo, Le Crom, Jean-Francois, Dolibaina, Diego R., Dias, Fernando M. S., Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Espeland, Marianne" docDate="2015" docId="D936FDAD821D7175B129DE1741D9CBFD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 541: 87-108" docOrigin="ZooKeys 541" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6297" docTitle="Euptychia sophiae Zacca, Nakahara, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F81B7816-4C91-4A9B-9105-AD1F3D9F603C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="0223FFFBFFCFA0473F7328138120FFDD" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Euptychia Huebner, 1818 from the upper Amazon basin (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1668162279090" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Euptychia Huebner, 1818 from the upper Amazon basin (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Neild, Andrew F. E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nakahara, Shinichi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zacca, Thamara</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fratello, Steven</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Le Crom, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dolibaina, Diego R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dias, Fernando M. S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Casagrande, Mirna M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mielke, Olaf H. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Espeland, Marianne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>541</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>87</mods:start>
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<mods:end>108</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6297</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6297</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-541-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">3AB84A6F2A5F4DA5A63045B71064E571</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3AB84A6F2A5F4DA5A63045B71064E571</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127879259" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F81B7816-4C91-4A9B-9105-AD1F3D9F603C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D936FDAD821D7175B129DE1741D9CBFD" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Nymphalidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F81B7816-4C91-4A9B-9105-AD1F3D9F603C" authority="Zacca, Nakahara, Dolibaina & Dias" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia sophiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophiae">Euptychia sophiae Zacca, Nakahara, Dolibaina & Dias</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="96">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 7, 8; Map 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="97" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="97" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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Holotype male with the following labels (separated by transverse bars): /Holotypus/ Brasil, Acre,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mâncio">Mancio</normalizedToken>
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Lima, P[ar]q[ue] Nac[ional] Serra Do Divisor,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Porção">Porcao</normalizedToken>
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Norte,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.447222">7°26'50"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-73.664444">73°39'52"W</geoCoordinate>
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200-400 m 10-21-IX-2011, D. Dolibaina & D. Moura Leg. / DZ 29.579/ (DZUP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="97" type="paratype">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Paratype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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1 male, same data as holotype, except: DZ 29.578 (DZUP); PERU - Loreto: 1 male, 45 km. E. de Monte Alegre, Rio Trapiche [rec. Tapiche],
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-73.79431">73°47'39.51"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-6.3828974">6°22'58.43"W</geoCoordinate>
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[sic - W and S are transposed], 19-20.ii.2009, 183m, A. Garcia leg. (MUSM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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See relevant section for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia attenboroughi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Euptychia attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="10" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">MALE (Fig. 7):</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Forewing length 18-19 mm (n = 3) (holotype = 18 mm).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Head. Brown. Postgenae with creamy-grey scales.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Antennae. Naked, brown, darker dorsally, clubs browner with orange tip.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="97">Eyes. Dark brown, sparsely hairy. Creamy-grey scales dorsally and laterally along posterior edge of eyes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="10" pageNumber="97">
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Palpi. Covered by long creamy-grey hair-like modified scales dorso-laterally, ventrally with long fine hair-like modified scales projecting like a Mohican, mostly black
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="98" start="start">along</pageBreakToken>
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outer margin, but interior wall of modified scales creamy-grey. Mohican highest in centre, gradually reducing anteriorly and posteriorly, and anteriorly reduced to a pointed tuft. First segment covered with brown scales dorsally, black and creamy hair-like modified scales ventrally, second segment covered with short creamy hair-like modified scales and light brown scales laterally, brown scales distal one-third of dorsal surface, ventrally adorned with long black and creamy hair-like modified scales 3-4 times as long as segment width, second segment slightly longer than eye diameter, third segment covered with brown scales dorsally and black scales ventrally, creamy hair-like scales laterally, about one-seventh of second segment in length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="99" start="start">Thorax</pageBreakToken>
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. Uniformly covered by dark grey-brown hair-like scales.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Legs. Greyish. Foreleg tarsus more than half-length of tibia, femur about 2/3 of tibia in length; tibial spurs absent on midleg and hindleg.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Abdomen. Eighth tergite and sternite well developed, apparently as equally sclerotized as other tergites and sternites, but weakly sclerotized towards posterior end.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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Androconial patches. Two small (<1.0 mm) pale grey androconial patches on DHW, barely separated by 2A, located at its distal one third; patch in cell 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–">A-</normalizedToken>
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3A prominent; patch in cell Cu1-Cu2 restricted to width of median band and located at juncture of this band with 2A. A black and short (approximately 1.5-2.0 mm) androconial patch at the distal third of 2A on the VHW.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Wing shape. FW triangular, costal margin convex, apex rounded, outer margin gently convex from apex to Cu1, tornus rounded, anal margin straight. VW costa slightly convex, apex rounded, outer margin crenulated, anal margin concave near tornus, remaining convex.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">DFW. Greyish brown, darker along the costal and outer margins with a narrow ochre area on the first fourth of the costal margin length. Four dark brown to rufous bands, the former basal, dark brown (approximately 0.1 mm width) following the radial vein on its distal edge, the second submedian, dark rufous brown, from near the origin of R1 to 2A, crossing the discal cell near the middle, the third median, rufous and slightly concave, crossing the cell end from the origin of R3 across the base of Cu1 to 2A, curving distally near the inner margin, and the final band submarginal, dark brown, narrower and slightly crenulated from R4 to M3, rufous and posteriorly enlarged from M3 to 2A. Ocellus of the VFW observable through transparency.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">DHW. Greyish brown. Four dark brown to rufous straight bands, the first basal, dark brown, short and tapered, the second submedian, dark rufous brown, from costal margin to anal margin, crossing the discal cell near the centre, the third median, rufous brown, from costal margin to anal margin, crossing the discal cell in its distal quarter, the final band submarginal, rufous and crenulated in each cell from Rs to anal margin, except Cu1-Cu2, following the contour of the outer margin, but widened and curved inwards in M2-M3 and to a lesser degree in M3-Cu1, wide and reddish orange from Cu1 to 2A, thinned from 2A to anal margin where it nearly reaches the median rufous band. Ocelli of the VHW observable through transparency.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">VFW. Light greyish brown, bands similar to DFW. One developed black ocellus from M1 to anterior sixth in M2-M3, with a white pupil at the centre and a broad and yellow external ring, surrounded by a greyish brown area that extends posteriorly to the posterior half of M3-Cu1. Submarginal line dark brown, from R4 to anal margin, crenulated in R4-M3, remainder and straight, distally surrounded by a thin yellow line. Fringes dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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VHW. Light greyish brown, bands similar to DHW. Three postmedian black ocelli, the anterior the smallest in Rs-M1, the second twice as wide as the first, from M1 to anterior third of M2-M3, and the posterior bigger, about three times wider than the second, ovoid, from the posterior third in M3-Cu1 to the edge of Cu2, all three with a white pupil at the centre and a broad and yellow external ring. A fourth minute black
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="100" start="start">ocellus</pageBreakToken>
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, with a yellow outer ring but with no pupil, located on the anal margin at the base of the postmedian brown band. Marginal dark brown, thin, and crenulated line from Sc+R1 to 3A. Fringes dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Male genitalia (Fig. 8). Tegumen dorsally flattened, trapezoidal, lateral posterior margin projecting ventrad as a short gnathos fused to the tegumen, subtriangular, nearly at right angle to uncus; uncus basally hairy, almost 10 times longer than wide, laterally apex curved downward; ventral arms of tegumen fused to anterior margin of tegumen; appendices angulares absent; anterior projection of saccus almost same length as uncus, dorsal arms of saccus combined with ventral arms from tegumen; valva sparsely hairy, basal two-thirds shaped vaguely as an elongated semi-circle, distal one-third rather narrow then widening to form a spatulate apex, distal half of valva in dorso-ventral view resembles propodus of a lobster (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Euptychiina" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="order">Decapoda</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName family="Nephropidae" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="family">Nephropidae</taxonomicName>
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), but without the dactylus; aedeagus strongly curved upwards in lateral view, almost same length as valva, posterior portion opens latero-ventrally; cornuti absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia sophiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophiae">Euptychia sophiae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. holotype male, dorsal (left) and ventral (right). FW length: 18.0 mm. DZUP collection. Photos by Thamara Zacca. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia sophiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophiae">Euptychia sophiae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Genitalia of paratype male: a dorsal view b ventral view c lateral view (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“G”">"G"</normalizedToken>
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indicates fused gnathos) d aedeagus, dorsal and e lateral views. DZUP collection. Photos by Diego R. Dolibaina. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">FEMALE: Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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The specific epithet honours T.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zacca’s">Zacca's</normalizedToken>
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niece, Laura Sophia. To prevent any future ambiguity, the name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychiina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychiina sophiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophiae">sophiae</taxonomicName>
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is considered to be a Latinised modern female noun in the genitive case.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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This species is only known from the type locality in Serra do Divisor National Park (SDNP), Acre, in the extreme west of Brazil, and from
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<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="101" start="start">across</pageBreakToken>
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the border in the neighbouring department of Loreto, in north-eastern Peru. The Brazilian specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia sophiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophiae">Euptychia sophiae</taxonomicName>
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were collected in forest characterized as submontane dense ombrophilous forest in a landscape of "terra firme" forest with patches of seasonally inundated areas with a predominance of palms in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mauritia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Mauritia</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus f. (
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<taxonomicName family="Arecaceae" lsidName="Euptychiina" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
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) at about 200 m a.s.l. (see Figs 9, 10). A small north-south mountain range surrounds the low area in the western portion of the SDNP, with some hills as high as 600 m a.s.l. Only one hilltop was sampled (visible in Fig. 9) but no specimen of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia sophiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophiae">Euptychia sophiae</taxonomicName>
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was collected there, although other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euptychia</taxonomicName>
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were observed. Despite subsequent expeditions in June 2013 and August 2014 to the same area of the SDNP, with five and seven collectors respectively, we were unable to find additional specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia sophiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophiae">Euptychia sophiae</taxonomicName>
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. Unfortunately, no behavioural notes were taken for this new species, but the three specimens known to us indicate a correlation with periods of average to below average rainfall, an observation similar to that made for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euptychia attenboroughi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Euptychia attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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. Only future sampling will indicate whether these two species show a distinct preference for avoiding the months of highest annual precipitation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="101">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="101">Figure 9. View from the Instituto Chico Mendes (ICMBio) research station at 200 m elevation of the river Moa and lowland tropical rainforest on the flatlands and mountain slopes of the northern Serra do Divisor National Park. Photo by Diego R. Dolibaina.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Figure 10. Seasonally inundated lowland tropical rainforest habitat with a predominance of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mauritia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Mauritia</taxonomicName>
|
||
palms (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Arecaceae" lsidName="Euptychiina" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the northern Serra do Divisor National Park. Photo by Diego R. Dolibaina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="101" type="host plant">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="101">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="101">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |