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<mods:title id="D3EFE72A64ACAA11B4D68E5316D9454E">Diversity and distribution of adeonid bryozoans (Cheilostomata: Adeonidae) in Japanese waters</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC9FFB0FDA7F95BFBD2F947" blockId="18.[549,1038,1727,1789]" box="[549,1038,1727,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="160A818BFFC9FFB0FDA7F95BFBD2F947" box="[549,1038,1727,1754]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFC9FFB0FDA7F95BFBD2F947" authority="(Ortmann, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[549,1038,1727,1754]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC9FFB0FDA7F95BFC9DF947" bold="true" box="[549,833,1727,1754]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adeonellopsis sparassis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC9FFB0FCD1F924FBDAF947" author="Ortmann A." box="[851,1030,1728,1754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref19728" refString="Ortmann A. 1890. Die japanische Bryozoenfauna. Bericht uber die von Herrn Dr. L. Doderlein in Jahre 1880 - 1881 gemachten Sammlungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschafte 54 (1): 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="1890">Ortmann, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="05E7656CFFC9FFB0FD5AF907FC80F960" box="[728,860,1763,1789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC9FFB0FD5AF907FC80F960" blockId="18.[549,1038,1727,1789]" box="[728,860,1763,1789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFC9FFB0FD5AF907FC80F960" box="[728,860,1763,1789]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionStartId-1="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId-1="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="05E7656CFFC9FFB0FF3FF8C0FCE0F877" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC9FFB0FF3FF8C0FCEEF8A3" blockId="18.[189,975,1828,1890]" box="[189,818,1828,1855]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6DED11C9FFC9FFB0FF3FF8C0FCEEF8A3" box="[189,818,1828,1855]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="CC5C10F6FFC9FFB0FF3FF8C0FD4DF8A2" author="Ortmann A." box="[189,657,1828,1855]" page="54" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1890">
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFC9FFB0FF3FF8C0FD4DF8A2" authority="Ortmann, 1890: 54" authorityName="Ortmann" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1890" box="[189,657,1828,1855]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonellidae" genus="Adeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC9FFB0FF3FF8C0FE74F8A3" box="[189,424,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adeonella sparassis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC9FFB0FE32F8C0FD4DF8A2" author="Ortmann A." box="[432,657,1828,1855]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref19728" refString="Ortmann A. 1890. Die japanische Bryozoenfauna. Bericht uber die von Herrn Dr. L. Doderlein in Jahre 1880 - 1881 gemachten Sammlungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschafte 54 (1): 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="1890">Ortmann, 1890: 54</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 4, fig. 10.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC9FFB0FF3FF8ACFC13F8FF" blockId="18.[189,975,1828,1890]" box="[189,975,1863,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6DED11C9FFC9FFB0FF3FF8ACFC13F8FF" box="[189,975,1863,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="CC5C10F6FFC9FFB0FF3FF8ACFD6CF8FC" author="Okada Y." box="[189,688,1863,1890]" page="630" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1920">
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFC9FFB0FF3FF8ACFD6CF8FC" authority="Okada, 1920: 630" authorityName="Okada" authorityPageNumber="630" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,688,1863,1890]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonellidae" genus="Adeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexangularis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC9FFB0FF3FF8ACFE08F8FF" box="[189,468,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adeonella hexangularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC9FFB0FE5EF8A3FD6CF8FC" author="Okada Y." box="[476,688,1863,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="613 - 634" refId="ref19520" refString="Okada Y. 1920. Notes on some species of Retepora and Adeonella occurring in Japan, with descriptions of one new variety and five new species. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 9: 613 - 634. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 151938 # page / 637 / mode / 1 up [accessed 4 May 2016]" type="journal article" year="1920">Okada, 1920: 630</bibRefCitation>
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, text fig. 7, pl. 8, fig. 10.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC9FFB0FF3FF86DFBB8F839" blockId="18.[189,1124,1929,2026]" box="[189,1124,1929,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6DED11C9FFC9FFB0FF3FF86DFBB8F839" box="[189,1124,1929,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFC9FFB0FF3FF86DFE08F83E" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,468,1929,1955]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonellidae" genus="Adeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexangularis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC9FFB0FF3FF86DFE08F83E" box="[189,468,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adeonella hexangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="CC5C10F6FFC9FFB0FE70F86DFD73F83E" author="Okada Y." box="[498,687,1929,1955]" page="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC9FFB0FE70F86DFD73F83E" author="Okada Y." box="[498,687,1929,1955]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref19611" refString="Okada Y. 1934. Bryozoan Fauna in the Vicinity of the Shimoda Marine Biological Station. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, Section B 2, 26: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1934">Okada 1934: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 2. — 
<treatmentCitation id="CC5C10F6FFC9FFB0FCECF86DFBBCF839" author="Mawatari S." box="[878,1120,1929,1956]" page="285" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC9FFB0FCECF86DFBBCF839" author="Mawatari S." box="[878,1120,1929,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="261 - 288" refId="ref19396" refString="Mawatari S. 1952. Bryozoa of Kii Peninsula. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 2: 261 - 288." type="journal article" year="1952">Mawatari 1952: 285</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC9FFB0FF3FF848FC5EF85B" blockId="18.[189,1124,1929,2026]" box="[189,898,1964,1991]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6DED11C9FFC9FFB0FF3FF848FC5EF85B" box="[189,898,1964,1991]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFC9FFB0FF3FF848FE0AF85B" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[189,470,1964,1990]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC9FFB0FF3FF848FE0AF85B" box="[189,470,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adeonellopsis sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="CC5C10F6FFC9FFB0FE71F848FD6FF85A" author="Hirose M." box="[499,691,1964,1991]" page="52" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC9FFB0FE71F848FD6FF85A" author="Hirose M." box="[499,691,1964,1991]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref18807" refString="Hirose M. 2010. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with Notes on Bryozoan Diversity and Faunal Changes Over the Past 130 Years. Ph. D. Thesis, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University." type="book" year="2010">Hirose 2010: 52</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 88, figs A–G.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC9FFB0FF3FF82BFCE0F877" blockId="18.[189,1124,1929,2026]" box="[189,828,1998,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6DED11C9FFC9FFB0FF3FF82BFCE0F877" box="[189,828,1998,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFC9FFB0FF3FF82BFEBAF874" ID-CoL="84T6F" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1884" box="[189,358,1999,2025]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Reptadeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC9FFB0FF3FF82BFEBAF874" box="[189,358,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Reptadeonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. – 
<treatmentCitation id="CC5C10F6FFC9FFB0FE2FF82BFDB0F877" author="Hirose M." box="[429,620,1999,2026]" page="53" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC9FFB0FE2FF82BFDB0F877" author="Hirose M." box="[429,620,1999,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref18807" refString="Hirose M. 2010. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with Notes on Bryozoan Diversity and Faunal Changes Over the Past 130 Years. Ph. D. Thesis, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University." type="book" year="2010">Hirose 2010: 53</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 90, figs A̅D.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05E7656CFFC8FFB6FF3FFEEFFC72FE2F" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC8FFB1FF3FFEEFFE76FEB8" blockId="19.[189,426,267,293]" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="160A818BFFC8FFB1FF3FFEEFFE76FEB8" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FF3FFEEFFE76FEB8" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC8FFB1FF68FEDEFD8CFEC9" blockId="19.[189,1399,313,375]" box="[234,592,313,340]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FF68FEDEFEBAFEC9" bold="true" box="[234,358,314,340]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="92468845FFC8FFB1FF68FEDEFEBAFEC9" box="[234,358,314,340]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
[designated herein]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC8FFB1FF3FFEB9FAABFEEA" blockId="19.[189,1399,313,375]" box="[189,1399,348,375]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<materialsCitation id="FD953CBAFFC8FFB1FF3FFEB9FAABFEEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625224301" box="[189,1399,348,375]" collectionCode="SEM" collectorName="L. Doderlein" country="Japan" location="Sagami Bay" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MZS 1-2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="35EA7677FFC8FFB1FF3FFEB9FEC6FEEA" box="[189,282,349,375]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: colony, 
<location id="4822603CFFC8FFB1FEFDFEB9FDD1FEEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C55487F1FFC9FFB4FDA7F95BFCA3FB61:4822603CFFC8FFB1FEFDFEB9FDD1FEEA" box="[383,525,349,375]" country="Japan" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sagami Bay</location>
, 1882, collected by 
<collectorName id="E0085331FFC8FFB1FD70FEB9FC55FEEA" box="[754,905,349,375]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="2BECAE22FFC8FFB1FD70FEB9FCDBFEEA" box="[754,775,349,375]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
. Döderlein
</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCode id="1D5B9E9CFFC8FFB1FC16FEB9FC21FEEA" box="[916,1021,349,375]" collectionCode="MZS" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6hz5-fzvb" name="Universite de Strasbourg, Musee de Zoologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MZS 1-2</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="2BECAE22FFC8FFB1FB8FFEB9FB95FEEA" box="[1037,1097,349,375]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">SEM</collectionCode>
specimen NSMT-Te745).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC8FFB1FF68FE7AFD50FE25" blockId="19.[189,1398,413,511]" box="[234,652,413,440]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FF68FE7AFE7EFE25" bold="true" box="[234,418,414,440]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="92468845FFC8FFB1FF68FE7AFE7EFE25" box="[234,418,414,440]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
[designated herein]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC8FFB1FF3FFE25FB19FE62" blockId="19.[189,1398,413,511]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="35EA7677FFC8FFB1FF3FFE25FEC6FE46" box="[189,282,449,475]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: colony, Yokohama, 1891, collected by Rolle, 
<collectionCode id="2BECAE22FFC8FFB1FCB7FE25FCADFE46" box="[821,881,449,475]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6hz5-fzvb" name="Universite de Strasbourg, Musee de Zoologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MZS</collectionCode>
1-1 (
<collectionCode id="2BECAE22FFC8FFB1FC2DFE25FC37FE46" box="[943,1003,449,475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">SEM</collectionCode>
specimen NSMT-Te747); colony, Sagami Bay, 1882, collected by 
<collectionCode id="2BECAE22FFC8FFB1FDB5FE01FD90FE62" box="[567,588,485,511]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
. Döderlein, 
<collectionCode id="2BECAE22FFC8FFB1FD5EFE01FCC4FE62" box="[732,792,485,511]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6hz5-fzvb" name="Universite de Strasbourg, Musee de Zoologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MZS</collectionCode>
1-3 (
<collectionCode id="2BECAE22FFC8FFB1FCDAFE01FC48FE62" box="[856,916,485,511]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">SEM</collectionCode>
specimen NSMT-Te740).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1982666FFFC8FFB1FF39F8F9FAB8F875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" targetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFC8FFB1FF39F8F9FAB8F875" blockId="19.[187,1399,1821,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FF39F8F9FEC6F8AA" bold="true" box="[187,282,1821,1847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFC8FFB1FEA1F8FAFCD3F8A5" authority="(Ortmann, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[291,783,1822,1848]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FEA1F8FAFDE3F8AA" box="[291,575,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Adeonellopsis sparassis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC8FFB1FDD0F8FAFCDBF8A5" author="Ortmann A." box="[594,775,1822,1848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref19728" refString="Ortmann A. 1890. Die japanische Bryozoenfauna. Bericht uber die von Herrn Dr. L. Doderlein in Jahre 1880 - 1881 gemachten Sammlungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschafte 54 (1): 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="1890">Ortmann, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FCA3F8F9FCEAF8AA" bold="true" box="[801,822,1821,1847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among 
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFC8FFB1FE5EF8A5FD72F8C6" author="Ortmann A." box="[476,686,1857,1883]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref19728" refString="Ortmann A. 1890. Die japanische Bryozoenfauna. Bericht uber die von Herrn Dr. L. Doderlein in Jahre 1880 - 1881 gemachten Sammlungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschafte 54 (1): 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="1890">Ortmann’s (1890)</bibRefCitation>
syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FBFBF8A5FB51F8C6" bold="true" box="[1145,1165,1857,1883]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FDD2F880FDB9F8E3" bold="true" box="[592,613,1892,1918]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FBE8F880FBA3F8E3" bold="true" box="[1130,1151,1892,1918]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FE3DF863FE0FF83C" bold="true" box="[447,467,1927,1953]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E</emphasis>
. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFC8FFB1FF39F84FFF11F858" bold="true" box="[187,205,1963,1989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">F</emphasis>
. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF68FEEFFDFAFEB8" blockId="20.[189,1398,267,434]" box="[234,550,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCFFFB6FF68FEEFFDFAFEB8" bold="true" box="[234,550,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Other material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF3FFECAFC72FE2F" blockId="20.[189,1398,267,434]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="35EA7677FFCFFFB6FF3FFECAFEC6FED5" box="[189,282,302,328]" name="Japan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: colonies collected from Suzaki, Izu, Sagami Sea, in the Emperor Showa collection at 
<collectionCode id="2BECAE22FFCFFFB6FAA7FECAFAAAFED5" box="[1317,1398,302,328]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">NSMT</collectionCode>
(NSMT-BryR362); colonies collected from Ariake Sea (NSMT-Te770), from near Yakushima and Tanegashima (NSMT-Te772, Te773, Te774); from off Shimoda (NSMT-Te890); from south of Nagannu 
<collectingCountry id="35EA7677FFCFFFB6FF3FFE7CFED9FE2F" box="[189,261,408,434]" name="Iceland" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Island</collectingCountry>
(NSMT-Te750, Te803); from Ogasawara (NSMT-Te771).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05E7656CFFCFFFB6FF3FFE3DFE24F804" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF3FFE3DFEA9FE6E" blockId="20.[189,373,473,499]" box="[189,373,473,499]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="160A818BFFCFFFB6FF3FFE3DFEA9FE6E" bold="true" box="[189,373,473,499]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCFFFB6FF3FFE3DFEA9FE6E" bold="true" box="[189,373,473,499]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Measurements</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF3FFDECFDC4FDF5" blockId="20.[189,1399,519,617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Autozooids. ZL: 358̅659 (527±64); ZW: 186̅379 (263±39); n = 75. SOrL: 46̅91 (63±8); SOrW: 72̅118 (89±9); n = 53. SAvL: 106̅174 (139±15); SAvW: 48̅105 (75±13); n = 75. SpL: 29̅76 (54±11); SpW: 32̅83 (52±11); n = 74.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF3FFD6BFD6FFD6D" blockId="20.[189,1399,655,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gonozooids. ZL: 623̅855 (722±54); ZW: 445̅630 (534±54); n = 24. SOrL: 52 ̅112 (77±14); SOrW: 136̅265 (223±26); n = 21. SAvL: 137̅218 (162±22); SAvW: 88̅117 (104±8); n = 21. SpL: 97̅185 (129±20); SpW: 99̅267 (159±33); n = 23.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF3FFCFCFCE4FCE5" blockId="20.[189,1399,791,889]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Young autozooids in ancestrular complex. ZL: 320̅396 (361±32); ZW: 198̅283 (231±31); n = 6. SOrL: 67̅83 (77±6); SOrW: 93̅109 (100±7); n = 6. SAvL: 56̅75 (67±8); SAvW: 28̅55 (46±12); n = 6. SpL: 18̅31 (23±5); SpW: 31̅56 (41±9); n = 6.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF3FFC7BFB2BFC24" blockId="20.[189,1271,927,954]" box="[189,1271,927,954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Vicarious avicularia at branch margins. L: 253̅476 (327±69); W: 154̅228 (174±26); n = 8.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF3FFC04FE92FC67" blockId="20.[189,334,992,1018]" box="[189,334,992,1018]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="160A818BFFCFFFB6FF3FFC04FE92FC67" bold="true" box="[189,334,992,1018]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCFFFB6FF3FFC04FE92FC67" bold="true" box="[189,334,992,1018]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCFFFB6FF3FFBEBFE24F804" blockId="20.[189,1399,1039,1945]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Colony brownish yellow, dichotomously branching, irregularly spreading, many proximal branches anastomosing, forming compact three-dimensional structure (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FC11FBD6FBDDFBD1" box="[915,1025,1074,1100]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
); anastomosed basal region can exceed 
<quantity id="8A059B02FFCFFFB6FE94FBB2FE8CFBED" box="[278,336,1110,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
high (
<quantity id="8A059B02FFCFFFB6FE19FBB1FD9EFBED" box="[411,578,1109,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.154999999999999" metricValueMax="4.64" metricValueMin="3.67" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="4.154999999999999" valueMax="4.64" valueMin="3.67">3.67–4.64 cm</quantity>
). Branches flat, ribbon-like, variable in width (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FBEAFBB1FB0FFBED" box="[1128,1235,1109,1136]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
); 
<quantity id="8A059B02FFCFFFB6FB6BFBB1FAABFBED" box="[1257,1399,1109,1136]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="5.1" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="1.6">1.6–8.6 mm</quantity>
wide (average 4.0 mm; n = 101); much wider basally. Autozooids on both sides of branch, oval or hexagonal, outlined by deep marginal groove (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FD5DFB78FC92FB2B" box="[735,846,1180,1206]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FCD8FB78FC52FB2B" box="[858,910,1180,1206]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">13B</figureCitation>
); younger zooids at end of branch shorter (average 382 μm; n = 6) and broader (average 324 μm; n = 9) than older zooids in anastomosed basal region. Frontal shield minutely granulate, with numerous marginal pores and small ascopore (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FB7FFB06FAADFB61" box="[1277,1393,1250,1276]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FF3FFAE2FF2EFABD" box="[189,242,1286,1312]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">13B</figureCitation>
). Spiramen almost circular in younger zooids, divided into 3̅5 denticulate pores (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FB55FAE1FAB4FABD" box="[1239,1384,1285,1312]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13B, E</figureCitation>
); slightly broader in older zooids in basal part of colony (average 66 μm; n = 12). Peristome transversely oval, roughly semicircular in outline, not tubular; primary orifice submersed in peristome. Triangular suboral avicularium in center of frontal shield, between spiramen and orifice, directed distally (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FA8BFA8BFAAEFA14" box="[1289,1394,1391,1417]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 12F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FF3FFA76FF2EFA31" box="[189,242,1426,1452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">13B</figureCitation>
). Rarely autozooids have an additional, smaller frontal avicularium, budded from frontal areolae near proximal margin of zooid, directed distally (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FC9EFA51FC50FA4D" box="[796,908,1461,1488]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
). Gonozooids (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FBC4FA51FB67FA4D" box="[1094,1211,1461,1488]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 12D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FB4EFA52FAFEFA4D" box="[1228,1314,1462,1488]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">13C, F</figureCitation>
) occur at branch bifurcations (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FE5AFA3DFDB6FA6E" box="[472,618,1497,1523]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13C, F</figureCitation>
); larger than autozooids, hexagonal; with single or double rows of marginal pores (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FE22FA18FDD3F98B" box="[416,527,1532,1558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
); slightly crescentic orifice compressed, much wider than long; spiramen large, rounded-triangular or oval in outline, divided into 6̅10 small, denticulate pores (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FB7EF9FBFAADF9A4" box="[1276,1393,1567,1593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 12D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FF3FF9A6FF2DF9C1" box="[189,241,1602,1628]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">13C</figureCitation>
). Gonozooids in basal part of colony much broader (average 602 μm; n = 6), and with a slightly larger spiramen (average 142 μm long by 199 μm wide; n = 5). Vicarious avicularia (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FB3EF981FAF5F91D" box="[1212,1321,1637,1664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) often along edges of branches; triangular, directed distally; about same length as autozooids; rostrum length about half of autozooid length. One young colony observed (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FC26F948FBC8F95B" box="[932,1044,1708,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,574,1809]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 13. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). B. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). C. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). D. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). E. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). F. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
); encrusting, circular, 
<quantity id="8A059B02FFCFFFB6FAA1F948FAABF95B" box="[1315,1399,1708,1734]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
in diameter; ancestrular complex consisting of six zooids radiating from center. Autozooids in young, encrusting colonies (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FE32F916FDD5F891" box="[432,521,1778,1804]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 12</figureCitation>
E–F, 13D) oval, surrounded by distinct shallow groove; frontal shield with few marginal pores and 4–6 knobs (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FDD9F8F1FD1FF8AD" box="[603,707,1813,1840]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
); secondary orifice broadly semicircular; spiramen circular, divided into 2–4 small, denticulate pores; triangular suboral avicularium much smaller than that of mature autozooids; between spiramen and orifice, directed distally, often partly overlapping proximal orificial margin (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCFFFB6FE00F89BFE37F804" box="[386,491,1919,1945]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[187,230,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1397,539,1776]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890). A. Left, lectotype (MZS 1-2); right, paralectotype (MZS 1-1) from among Ortmann’s (1890) syntypes in the Döderlein Collection. B. Colonies collected at Tanegashima (NSMT-Te774). C. Autozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). D. Gonozooids (MZS 1-2) (NSMT-Te745). E. Young, encrusting colony in Showa Emperor Collection (NSMT-BryR362). F. Enlargement showing young autozooids with small spiramen (NSMT-BryR362). A–B = optical photographs; C–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A–B = 2 cm; C = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5965925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5965925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05E7656CFFCEFFB4FF3FFEEFFEB4FBBF" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCEFFB7FF3FFEEFFEF3FEB8" blockId="21.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="160A818BFFCEFFB7FF3FFEEFFEF3FEB8" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FF3FFEEFFEF3FEB8" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCEFFB4FF3FFEDEFC4EFED4" blockId="21.[189,1399,313,516]" lastBlockId="22.[189,1399,267,329]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Ortmann’s specimens comprise only the basal, anastomosed parts of colonies (
<figureCitation id="D5C62A62FFCEFFB7FBF1FEDDFB0FFEC9" box="[1139,1235,313,340]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[187,230,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,469,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,469,1706]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Adeonellopsis japonica (Ortmann, 1890). A. Distal end of branch just starting to bifurcate, showing young autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT-BryR277). B. Enlargement of young gonozooids, showing peripheral rim with rows of granulation perpendicular to margin, and large multiporous spiramen (NSMT-BryR277). C. Autozooids in middle of branch, showing immersed spiramen (NSMT- Bry R 193). D. Basal part of branch, showing autozooids, and some kenozooids with closed orifice (NSMT-BryR36). E. Young gonozooids, showing distinct marginal pores and multiporous spiramen (NSMT-Te758). F. Distal end of branch, showing autozooid formation (NSMT-Te758). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm, B, D–E = 300 μm; F = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3840025/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
), and zooidal characters in these specimens are identical to those in the basal parts of the more-complete 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCEFFB7FB50FEB9FEF6FE07" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FB50FEB9FEF6FE07" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adeonellopsis sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies that I studied. 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCEFFB7FDC4FE64FCBCFE07" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[582,864,384,410]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FDC4FE64FCBCFE07" box="[582,864,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adeonellopsis sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCEFFB7FC64FE64FAAAFE06" authority="(Milne Edwards, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[998,1398,384,411]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FC64FE64FB80FE07" box="[998,1116,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. sulcata</emphasis>
(Milne Edwards, 1836)
</taxonomicName>
in having a multiporous spiramen and small, distally directed suboral avicularia, but differs from the latter in having a smaller, circular spiramen. 
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFCEFFB7FC95FE22FBC1FE7D" author="MacGillivray P. H." box="[791,1053,454,480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="27 - 52" refId="ref19267" refString="MacGillivray P. H. 1880. Polyzoa. In: McCoy F. (ed.) Prodromus of the Zoology of Victoria Vol. 1. Decade V: 27 - 52. Melbourne. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 27591 # page / 341 / mode / 1 up [accessed 4 May 2016]" type="book chapter" year="1880">MacGillivray’s (1880</bibRefCitation>
: plate 48, fig. 7) illustration of 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FF63FE0DFE10FD9E" box="[225,460,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eschara mucronata</emphasis>
(MacGillivray, 1868) (= 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCEFFB7FC85FE0EFC5DFD9E" baseAuthorityName="Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[775,897,489,516]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FC85FE0EFC5DFD9E" box="[775,897,489,516]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) appears to represent the basal part of a colony of 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FEB0FEEFFE0BFEB8" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1886" box="[306,471,267,293]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FEB0FEEFFE0BFEB8" box="[306,471,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Adeonellopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that resembles 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FD08FEE8FCCBFEB8" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[650,791,268,294]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FD08FEE8FCCBFEB8" box="[650,791,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, as I did not examine MacGillivray’s 
<typeStatus id="92468845FFCDFFB4FAC6FEE8FAABFEBB" box="[1348,1399,268,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
specimen, I do not include it in the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FD7FFECBFC57FED5" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[765,907,303,329]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FD7FFECBFC57FED5" box="[765,907,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1982666FFFCEFFB7FF3FF8A4FA8BF875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6035602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6035602/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1856,1882]" targetBox="[189,1398,574,1809]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCEFFB7FF3FF8A4FA8BF875" blockId="21.[189,1399,1856,2024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FF3FF8A4FEC1F8C6" bold="true" box="[189,285,1856,1883]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCEFFB7FEAAF8A5FCC5F8C6" authority="(Ortmann, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[296,793,1857,1883]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FEAAF8A5FD99F8C6" box="[296,581,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adeonellopsis sparassis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFCEFFB7FDD8F8A5FCCDF8C6" author="Ortmann A." box="[602,785,1857,1883]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref19728" refString="Ortmann A. 1890. Die japanische Bryozoenfauna. Bericht uber die von Herrn Dr. L. Doderlein in Jahre 1880 - 1881 gemachten Sammlungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschafte 54 (1): 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="1890">Ortmann, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FCA9F8A4FC9CF8C7" bold="true" box="[811,832,1856,1882]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te772). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FE02F880FE48F8E3" bold="true" box="[384,404,1892,1918]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
. Enlargement of autozooids (NSMT-Te772). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FC24F880FC67F8E3" bold="true" box="[934,955,1892,1918]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
. Autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT- Te774). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FE9DF863FEE8F83C" bold="true" box="[287,308,1927,1953]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
. Young, encrusting colony (NSMT-Te770). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FCB9F863FC93F83C" bold="true" box="[827,847,1927,1953]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
. Young autozooids, showing circular spiramen and large areolar pores (NSMT-Te774). 
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCEFFB7FD2BF84EFD67F859" bold="true" box="[681,699,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">F</emphasis>
. Young autozooids and gonozooids at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te774). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C = 300 μm; B = 150 μm; D–E = 200 μm; F = 300 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCDFFB4FF3FFE95FB40FD39" blockId="22.[189,1399,368,676]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
I identified an encrusting colony in the Emperor Showa collection as a young colony of 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FB64FE94FAAAFE17" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1254,1398,368,394]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FB64FE94FAAAFE17" box="[1254,1398,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the small, round multiporous spiramen and the triangular suboral avicularium between the ascopore and orifice. 
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFCDFFB4FE3BFE52FCC1FE4C" author="Hayward P. J. &amp; McKinney F. K." box="[441,797,438,465]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref18769" refString="Hayward P. J. &amp; McKinney F. K. 2002. Northern Adriatic Bryozoa from the vicinity of Rovinj, Croatia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 270: 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="2002">Hayward &amp; McKinney (2002)</bibRefCitation>
described a similar ancestrular complex consisting of six zooids in the closely related encrusting genus 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FCA7FE3EFC12FE69" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1884" box="[805,974,474,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Reptadeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FCA7FE3EFC12FE69" box="[805,974,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Reptadeonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFCDFFB4FC5FFE3EFB0AFE69" author="Bock P. E. &amp; Cook P. L." box="[989,1238,474,500]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref17434" refString="Bock P. E. &amp; Cook P. L. 2000. Early astogeny of Adeona colonies. In: Herrera Cubilla A. &amp; Jackson J. B. C. (eds) Proceedings of the 11 th International Bryozoology Association Conference: 161 - 167. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama." type="book chapter" year="2000">Bock &amp; Cook (2000)</bibRefCitation>
also reported a similar encrusting ancestrular complex in 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FD4DFE19FCA8FD8A" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1886" box="[719,884,509,535]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FD4DFE19FCA8FD8A" box="[719,884,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Adeonellopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but they described a remarkably different bipolar ancestrular colony in the articulated genus 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FC9FFDC4FCABFDA7" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[797,887,544,570]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FC9FFDC4FCABFDA7" box="[797,887,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Adeona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I conclude the ancestrular complex in the Emperor Showa collection to be 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FDBBFDA0FD19FDC0" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[569,709,580,606]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FDBBFDA0FD19FDC0" box="[569,709,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FCCDFDA7FC24FDC0" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1884" box="[847,1016,579,605]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Reptadeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FCCDFDA7FC24FDC0" box="[847,1016,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Reptadeonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or the other genera, based on the orifice shape and the multiporous spiramen. The knobs on the frontal shield of zooids in the encrusting colony appear to be a character common to young zooids in several adeonid species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCDFFB4FF3FFD2FFEB4FBBF" blockId="22.[189,1399,715,1058]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFCDFFB4FF3FFD2FFEB6FD78" author="Okada Y." box="[189,362,715,741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="613 - 634" refId="ref19520" refString="Okada Y. 1920. Notes on some species of Retepora and Adeonella occurring in Japan, with descriptions of one new variety and five new species. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 9: 613 - 634. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 151938 # page / 637 / mode / 1 up [accessed 4 May 2016]" type="journal article" year="1920">Okada (1920)</bibRefCitation>
described another adeonid bryozoan, 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FCD6FD2FFAFBFD78" authority="Okada, 1920" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1920" box="[852,1319,715,741]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonellidae" genus="Adeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexangularis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FCD6FD2FFBA5FD78" box="[852,1145,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Adeonella hexangularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFCDFFB4FB05FD2FFAFBFD78" author="Okada Y." box="[1159,1319,715,741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="613 - 634" refId="ref19520" refString="Okada Y. 1920. Notes on some species of Retepora and Adeonella occurring in Japan, with descriptions of one new variety and five new species. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 9: 613 - 634. Available from http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 151938 # page / 637 / mode / 1 up [accessed 4 May 2016]" type="journal article" year="1920">Okada, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from Misaki (Sagami Bay) and the 
<collectingRegion id="8F39F805FFCDFFB4FDBAFD0AFD1CFC95" box="[568,704,750,776]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
Gulf (southern Kyushu), which surely is 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FB4CFD0AFAAAFC95" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1886" box="[1230,1398,750,776]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FB4CFD0AFAAAFC95" box="[1230,1398,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Adeonellopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to his description of a multiporous spiramen. Due to the limited original description and apparent loss of the 
<typeStatus id="92468845FFCDFFB4FE28FCD1FE02FCD2" box="[426,478,821,847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
specimens, the identity of 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FC98FCD1FC0BFCD2" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1920" box="[794,983,821,847]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonellidae" genus="Adeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexangularis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FC98FCD1FC0BFCD2" box="[794,983,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. hexangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unclear, but Okada’s description of an anastomosed colony morphology, frontal shields with a single or double rows of marginal pores, and gonozooids located at branch bifurcation and having a broad, proximodistally compressed orifice indicate that it is conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FD30FC7BFC98FC25" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[690,836,927,953]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FD30FC7BFC98FC25" box="[690,836,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and constitutes a junior synonym of the latter. 
<bibRefCitation id="296C4B16FFCDFFB4FF3FFC25FE55FC41" author="Mawatari S." box="[189,393,961,988]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="261 - 288" refId="ref19396" refString="Mawatari S. 1952. Bryozoa of Kii Peninsula. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 2: 261 - 288." type="journal article" year="1952">Mawatari (1952)</bibRefCitation>
reported nominal 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FDEBFC26FCF5FC46" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1920" box="[617,809,961,988]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonellidae" genus="Adeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexangularis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FDEBFC26FCF5FC46" box="[617,809,961,988]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. hexangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from off 
<collectingRegion id="8F39F805FFCDFFB4FC1DFC25FBFFFC46" box="[927,1059,961,987]" country="Japan" name="Wakayama" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Wakayama</collectingRegion>
and Minabe, Kii Peninsula, without a description; according to this record, 
<taxonomicName id="8AFD4D64FFCDFFB4FC86FC01FC4BFC63" baseAuthorityName="Ortmann" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[772,919,997,1023]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonidae" genus="Adeonellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sparassis">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FC86FC01FC4BFC63" box="[772,919,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. sparassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably also distributed around the Kii Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05E7656CFFCDFFB4FF3FFBADFCA3FB61" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCDFFB4FF3FFBADFE8AFBFE" blockId="22.[189,342,1097,1123]" box="[189,342,1097,1123]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="160A818BFFCDFFB4FF3FFBADFE8AFBFE" bold="true" box="[189,342,1097,1123]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
<emphasis id="7F89EAF5FFCDFFB4FF3FFBADFE8AFBFE" bold="true" box="[189,342,1097,1123]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4236E7FFCDFFB4FF3FFB9CFCA3FB61" blockId="22.[189,1399,1144,1276]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingCountry id="35EA7677FFCDFFB4FF3FFB9CFED8FB0F" box="[189,260,1144,1170]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Japan</collectingCountry>
: detected in this study from Sagami Bay, 
<collectingRegion id="8F39F805FFCDFFB4FD7BFB9CFC98FB0F" box="[761,836,1144,1170]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
Bay (Yokohama), Sagami Sea (Izu Peninsula), Ariake Sea, Nansei Islands (near Yakushima and west of 
<collectingRegion id="8F39F805FFCDFFB4FCE9FB7FFC06FB2B" box="[875,986,1179,1206]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
), and Ogasawara, at depths of 
<quantity id="8A059B02FFCDFFB4FAC8FB7FFED7FB44" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="14.1" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="82.5" valueMax="141.0" valueMin="24.0">
24– 
<specimenCount id="5BFBFD6EFFCDFFB4FF3FFB5AFED7FB44" box="[189,267,1214,1241]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">141 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. It was collected from eastern Sagami Bay and western Sagami Sea by Döderlein and Emperor Showa, but was not found recently in those areas by NSMT.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>