treatments-xml/data/03/E6/87/03E687FCFFB7FF9B4952F9A5FD90FCEF.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

180 lines
18 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="AA7C5F5F09F7D03B09C91EF6674D83AC" ID-CLB-Dataset="21272" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990100" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597771971732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2015" docId="03E687FCFFB7FF9B4952F9A5FD90FCEF" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.50.13-14.865-904.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Charaxes (Charaxes) cithaeron subsp. kennethi Poulton 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="889" masterDocId="FFDFFF84FFA0FF834804FFE3FFBEFFB1" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae" masterLastPageNumber="904" masterPageNumber="865" pageNumber="888" updateTime="1698844713879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="F71B513F9968D4C22C305A8CBE202D80" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="208C15E1875025C467C4B29AE642467D">
<mods:title id="C1A78E9A8B554B01A9BA9DF506968891">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="75C02CB14D6A0D9CEA5942619BC74155" type="personal">
<mods:role id="38FBF7A7E4D6E985EDD6959AF5845BBA">
<mods:roleTerm id="B723352BC3E9A1139BD5C260365D9C7A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1E2723FB9588FAEF8947D4F352EB4870">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E06961405AD5E2985B7FFC96AA46604D">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="528D3E0FC8A11C19DEBA02015706D964" type="personal">
<mods:role id="377181367D757BC00574ECE6453CBF6D">
<mods:roleTerm id="1C69CF6D2A531AE4893E34DC6F2EF789">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DF0A3A923180531790FD446E5FBE70E0">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D50446929004614893B487153ECCEB9F">Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D5E109221F9D72B1AA55B54838F1233E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D5A5E768605C85A6A62D940E0968153E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D6A9DB300238F8828CE7E7A5CA0F51DF">
<mods:title id="B82E17675827D9668E42EB27F2C0C069">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CE7759D4B7B3097722F639559E770512">
<mods:date id="4074366089060ECEC75AB4D8C203C2A3">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DE4C2E6B74DF0054AFCAA8B2FD404652" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="834474E2AEFB4F28E7EC0BAA150BC888">2015-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1CDCD635D4D3515B89418BE9F16F5180" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2020594B39C65A2018ACCA1930C47CEE">50</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="8D81D517C30FDBADA5DAF5B1FDB9CC28" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A2B2E479A7148774FAB2CE53DB8DF281">865</mods:start>
<mods:end id="0167587A7CFAA1780439E85788DA8BBF">904</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="60EC87200A85C3D9A195F4E4EEC4F8ED">
<mods:url id="D7EA9B5727AE1FE33116B8414F7FB3ED">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="6AE258C3E083E23286744B3C8C574686">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D3279C61B71FBFC470A63EC568CD35D9" type="CLB-Dataset">21272</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="615A415688F1DA0198FD3B23256D9F76" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="75C5F757238C18145077BE69AA6BF978" type="GBIF-Dataset">05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4806067C06ADCC21D35EB006BF28636D" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9EECF2762A4EFB2AA6BC998F793239E1" type="Zenodo-Dep">3990100</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E687FCFFB7FF9B4952F9A5FD90FCEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4339140" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167186705" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4339140" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687FCFFB7FF9B4952F9A5FD90FCEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687FCFFB7FF9B4952F9A5FD90FCEF" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="889" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
<subSubSection id="C3556561FFB7FF944952F9A5FD29F922" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB7FF944952F9A5FC73F9EE" blockId="23.[342,973,1606,1631]" box="[342,973,1606,1631]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
<heading id="D0B88186FFB7FF944952F9A5FC73F9EE" box="[342,973,1606,1631]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFB7FF944952F9A5FC73F9EE" ID-CoL="7JKFF" authority="Poulton, 1926" authorityName="Poulton" authorityYear="1926" box="[342,973,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cithaeron" subGenus="Charaxes" subSpecies="kennethi">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944952F9A5FE00F9EE" box="[342,446,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Charaxes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF9449CBF9A5FD89F9EE" box="[463,567,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">Charaxes</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944A4CF9A5FCA1F9EE" box="[584,799,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">cithaeron kennethi</emphasis>
Poulton, 1926
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB7FF9448A4F998FD29F922" blockId="23.[160,663,1659,1683]" box="[160,663,1659,1683]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB7FF9448A4F998FEC9F922" author="Henning SF" box="[160,375,1659,1683]" pageId="23" pageNumber="888" refId="ref22224" refString="Henning SF. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Johannesburg: Aloe." type="book" year="1989">Henning 1989: 184</bibRefCitation>
(2 figs). SI: Figure 23e
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB7FF944A72F998FD3DF922" box="[630,643,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="888"></emphasis>
h.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3556561FFB8FF9B48A4FF6DFD90FCEF" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB8FF9B48A4FF6DFD7BFF5D" blockId="24.[160,1155,142,236]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">
Forewing length: male
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB8FF9B49A2FF6DFD8FFF17" box="[422,561,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.425" metricValueMax="4.85" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="44.25" valueMax="48.5" valueMin="40.0">
40
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B49C5FF6DFE70FF17" box="[449,462,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
48.5 mm
</quantity>
[mean (
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4A8BFF6DFD23FF17" box="[655,669,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">n</emphasis>
= 13)
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB8FF9B4AE3FF6DFCE4FF17" box="[743,858,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.526" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="45.26">45.26 mm</quantity>
, SD = 2.160]; female
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB8FF9B4C43FF6DFEAEFF78" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.975" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="49.75" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="45.5">
45.5
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4C72FF6DFB3DFF17" box="[1142,1155,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
54 mm
</quantity>
[mean (
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4974FF52FEC0FF78" box="[368,382,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">n</emphasis>
= 5)
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB8FF9B49B9FF52FD8EFF78" box="[445,560,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9719999999999995" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="49.72">49.72 mm</quantity>
, SD = 2.538].
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB8FF9B4ACAFF52FC14FF78" author="van Someren VGL" box="[718,938,177,201]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" pagination="181 - 235" refId="ref23982" refString="van Someren VGL. 1964. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part II. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol. 15: 181 - 235, 23 pls." type="book chapter" year="1964">van Someren (1964</bibRefCitation>
, p. 231) gave male forewing length as
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB8FF9B499BFF37FDA5FF5D" box="[415,539,211,236]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="44.0">
44
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B49BEFF30FE79FF5A" box="[442,455,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
47 mm
</quantity>
, female 47
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4A93FF30FD1AFF5A" box="[663,676,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
51.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB8FF9B48A4FEE5FC6EFEF0" blockId="24.[160,1155,262,321]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">
Note: the separation of
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B49A9FEE5FDECFEAF" box="[429,594,262,286]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">C. c. nairobicus</emphasis>
van Son, 1953, from subspecies
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4BC1FEE5FB9CFEAF" box="[965,1058,262,286]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">kennethi</emphasis>
appears tenuous. Females vary in width of the hindwing lilac band or
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4B61FECAFCD4FEF0" box="[869,874,297,321]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
window
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4BC0FECAFC74FEF0" box="[964,970,297,321]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB8FF9B48A4FE61FF42FE2D" blockId="24.[160,1156,386,862]" box="[160,252,386,412]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">
<heading id="D0B88186FFB8FF9B48A4FE61FF42FE2D" box="[160,252,386,412]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B48A4FE61FF42FE2D" bold="true" box="[160,252,386,412]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" reason="3">Records</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFB8FF9B48A4FE45FD90FCEF" blockId="24.[160,1156,386,862]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">
Northeastern and southeastern parts of
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB8FF9B4A82FE45FD52FE0F" box="[646,748,422,446]" name="Tanzania" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, including the Mbulu, Nguru and Ukaguru mountains and the Udzungwa rift, only rarely occurring above
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB8FF9B4C36FE2AFB3DFE50" box="[1074,1155,457,481]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB8FF9B48A2FE0FFEFCFDB5" author="Kielland J" box="[166,322,492,516]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" refId="ref22372" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 99).
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB8FF9B49A6FE0FFDF5FDB5" author="Henning SF" box="[418,587,492,516]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" refId="ref22224" refString="Henning SF. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Johannesburg: Aloe." type="book" year="1989">Henning (1989</bibRefCitation>
, p. 184) notes it from the Usambaras,
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB8FF9B4C09FE0FFB3EFDB5" box="[1037,1152,492,516]" country="Tanzania" name="Morogoro" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Morogoro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB8FF9B48A4FDEDFF69FD97" box="[160,215,526,550]" country="Tanzania" name="Lindi" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Lindi</collectingRegion>
area, foothills of
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB8FF9B49A7FDEDFD9FFD97" box="[419,545,526,550]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
(including Moshi and
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB8FF9B4B22FDEDFCCAFD97" box="[806,884,526,550]" country="Tanzania" name="Arusha" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Arusha</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4B7AFDEDFC35FD97" box="[894,907,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
most likely based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB8FF9B48A4FDD2FECDFDF8" author="van Someren VGL" box="[160,371,561,585]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" pagination="181 - 235" refId="ref23982" refString="van Someren VGL. 1964. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part II. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol. 15: 181 - 235, 23 pls." type="book chapter" year="1964">van Someren 1964</bibRefCitation>
, p. 232).
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB8FF9B49DEFDD2FD3FFDF8" author="Cordeiro NJ" box="[474,641,561,585]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" pagination="25 - 41" refId="ref21863" refString="Cordeiro NJ. 1990. A provisional, annotated checklist of the butterflies in Lake Manyara National Park, Arusha region, Tanzania. J East Afr Nat Hist Soc Natl Mus. 80: 25 - 41." type="journal article" year="1990">Cordeiro (1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 34) records it from Lake
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB8FF9B4BB9FDD2FBA3FDF8" box="[957,1053,561,585]" country="Tanzania" name="Manyara" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Manyara</collectingRegion>
National Park. The BMNH has males from the slopes of
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB8FF9B4ABAFDB7FC82FDDD" box="[702,828,596,620]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
and Moshi, a pair from Rau forest, and a female from Taveta. Two males in OUMNH are from Kibosa, western slopes of
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFB8FF9B48BBFD7AFEFEFD00" box="[191,320,665,689]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
, c.
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFB8FF9B4961FD7AFE09FD00" box="[357,439,665,689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000 ft</quantity>
, collected by Rogers,
<date id="FFF1102AFFB8FF9B4AB5FD7AFCC3FD00" box="[689,893,665,689]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" value="1905-11-01">1 November 1905</date>
[we have been unable to locate
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4915FD58FEA9FD62" box="[273,279,699,723]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
Kibosa
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B4965FD58FED8FD62" box="[353,358,699,723]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889"></emphasis>
]. Not encountered by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB8FF9B4A77FD5FFCBDFD65" author="Liseki SD" box="[627,771,700,724]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" refId="ref22668" refString="Liseki SD 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis]. Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, this taxon is included here as a member of the lower slopes fauna. Beyond
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB8FF9B4A9EFD3DFD43FD47" box="[666,765,734,758]" name="Tanzania" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
it occurs in the
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB8FF9B4BB9FD3DFBBFFD47" box="[957,1025,734,758]" name="Kenya" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Kenya</collectingCountry>
coast area. More widely this east African species is found from
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB8FF9B4B1CFCE2FCE2FCA8" box="[792,860,769,793]" name="Kenya" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Kenya</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB8FF9B4B8AFCE2FBA3FCA8" box="[910,1053,769,793]" name="South Africa" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">South Africa</collectingCountry>
with, in addition to
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFB8FF9B492EFCC7FE39FC8D" box="[298,391,804,828]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">kennethi</emphasis>
, localized subspecies recognized from
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB8FF9B4B4BFCC7FC18FC8D" box="[847,934,804,828]" name="Zambia" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, central
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB8FF9B4C0EFCC7FBF0FC8D" box="[1034,1102,804,828]" name="Kenya" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFB8FF9B48A4FCA5FF51FCEF" box="[160,239,838,862]" name="Malawi" pageId="24" pageNumber="889">Malawi</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFB8FF9B48FAFCA5FE75FCEF" author="Ackery PR &amp; Smith CR &amp; Vane-Wright RI" box="[254,459,838,862]" pageId="24" pageNumber="889" refId="ref20969" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson ' s African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne: CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
, p. 438).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>