183 lines
22 KiB
XML
183 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C12B8D864D2319A8CB109C010EA62810">Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago 2590</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5AD8D57EA4243B4B113131D797045070">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B79EEB40046FF38A0612022F9F3B7F6C">2590</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFD4FFE5DCFFF9C6721249A4" box="[151,512,1645,1671]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFD4FFE5DCFFF9C6721249A4" blockId="42.[151,512,1645,1671]" box="[151,512,1645,1671]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D0BC795FFFD4FFE5DCFFF9C6721249A4" bold="true" box="[151,512,1645,1671]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD4FFE5DCFFF9C6721249A4" bold="true" box="[151,512,1645,1671]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD4FFE5DC9EF9C6721249A4" ID-CoL="7NHW6" authority="Dana, 1846" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" box="[246,512,1645,1671]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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Hydridae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD4FFE5DD1CF9C6721249A4" author="Dana, J. D." box="[372,512,1645,1671]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref54670" refString="Dana, J. D. (1846) Structure and classification of zoophytes. Lea & Blanchard, Philadelphia, 132 pp." type="book" year="1846">Dana, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFD4FFE5DCFFF91371AA49EC" box="[151,440,1720,1743]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFD4FFE5DCFFF91371AA49EC" blockId="42.[151,440,1720,1743]" box="[151,440,1720,1743]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5BE91DFFD4FFE5DCFFF91371AA49EC" box="[151,440,1720,1743]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEAE822FFD4FFE5DCFFF91371A649EC" author="Dana, J. D." box="[151,436,1720,1743]" page="116" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1846">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD4FFE5DCFFF91371A649EC" ID-CoL="7NHW6" authority="Dana, 1846: 116" authorityName="Dana" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,436,1720,1743]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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Hydridae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD4FFE5DD69F91371A649EC" author="Dana, J. D." box="[257,436,1720,1743]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref54670" refString="Dana, J. D. (1846) Structure and classification of zoophytes. Lea & Blanchard, Philadelphia, 132 pp." type="book" year="1846">Dana, 1846: 116</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFD4FFE4DCFFF95474784E21" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFD4FFE5DCFFF954749C4899" blockId="42.[151,1436,1791,1978]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD4FFE5DCFFF9547105483A" bold="true" box="[151,279,1791,1817]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Aberrant capitate freshwater hydroids with solitary hydranths, occasionally appearing colonial because of asexual budding from lower walls. Hydranths varied in shape, elongate and cylindrical or with central bulge when extended, barrel-shaped when contracted, with pedal disc basally and whorl of tentacles distally; pedal disc with central pore; tentacles hollow, filiform to slightly moniliform distally, in one whorl around hypostome; hypostome dome-shaped; perisarc absent except on embryothecae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFD5FFE4DCAEFF3374784E21" blockId="43.[151,1436,152,898]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Gonophores completely reduced and medusa suppressed; gametes produced within wart-like protuberances in ectoderm of hydranth wall; planula stage absent; sexes hermaphroditic or gonochoric; when hermaphroditic, ‘testis’ occurring distally and ‘ovary’ proximally on hydranth column.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFD5FFE4DCAEFEA4721F4CA1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFD5FFE4DCAEFEA475194E59" blockId="43.[151,1436,152,898]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4DCAEFEA4712D4E0A" bold="true" box="[198,319,271,297]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The family
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4DDB6FEBB72CF4E09" authority="Dana, 1846" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" box="[478,733,272,298]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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Hydridae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DE3CFEBB72CF4E09" author="Dana, J. D." box="[596,733,272,298]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref54670" refString="Dana, J. D. (1846) Structure and classification of zoophytes. Lea & Blanchard, Philadelphia, 132 pp." type="book" year="1846">Dana, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is now generally thought to contain a single genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4D939FEBB715D4E71" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" genus="Hydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4D939FEBB758E4E0A" box="[1361,1436,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hydra</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DCFFFE93715D4E71" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,335,312,338]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref59798" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DD0AFE9372034E71" author="Petersen, K. W." box="[354,529,312,338]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="101 - 231" refId="ref62845" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DE49FE9373094E71" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F." box="[545,795,312,338]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref51270" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 591 pp." type="book" year="2006">
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Bouillon
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4DEFBFE9372DB4E72" box="[659,713,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DF43FE9373E44E71" author="Daly, M. & Brugler, M. R. & Cartwright, P. & Collins, A. G. & Dawson, M. N. & Fautin, D. G. & France, S. C. & McFadden, C. S. & Opresko, D. M. & Rodriguez, E. & Romano, S. L. & Stake, J. L." box="[811,1014,312,338]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="127 - 182" refId="ref54522" refString="Daly, M., Brugler, M. R., Cartwright, P., Collins, A. G., Dawson, M. N., Fautin, D. G., France, S. C., McFadden, C. S., Opresko, D. M., Rodriguez, E., Romano, S. L. & Stake, J. L. (2007) The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668, 127 - 182." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Daly
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4DF07FE9373B44E72" box="[879,934,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4D86EFE9375054E71" author="Hemmrich, G & Anokhin, B. & Zacharias, H. & Bosch, T. C. G." box="[1030,1303,312,338]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="281 - 290" refId="ref57923" refString="Hemmrich, G, Anokhin, B., Zacharias, H. & Bosch, T. C. G. (2007) Molecular phylogenetics in Hydra, a classical model in evolutionary developmental biology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 281 - 290." type="journal article" year="2007">
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||
Hemmrich
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||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4D8E7FE9374D44E72" box="[1167,1222,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4D94FFE9370C54E59" author="Schuchert, P." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref64709" refString="Schuchert, P. (2010) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 2. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, in press." type="book" year="2010">Schuchert 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Of some 80 described species, fewer than 15 are considered valid (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DF90FECB74ED4E59" author="Jankowski, T. & Collins, A. G. & Campbell, R." box="[1016,1279,352,378]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="35 - 40" refId="ref58622" refString="Jankowski, T., Collins, A. G. & Campbell, R. (2008) Global diversity of inland water cnidarians. Hydrobiologia, 595, 35 - 40." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Jankowski
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4D815FECB74AA4E5A" box="[1149,1208,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFD5FFE4DCAEFE2374504DB1" blockId="43.[151,1436,152,898]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Polyps of species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4DDD1FE2372164E82" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[441,516,392,417]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" genus="Hydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4DDD1FE2372164E82" box="[441,516,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hydra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resemble filiferans, particularly in having tentacles that appear filiform. However, their affinities with
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4DDBCFE1B72C04EE9" authority="Kuhn, 1913" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1913" box="[468,722,432,458]" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Capitata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Annelida" rank="order">
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Capitata
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DE2BFE1B72C04EE9" author="Kuhn, A." box="[579,722,432,458]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref59332" refString="Kuhn, A. (1913) Entwicklungsgeschichte und Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Hydrozoen. I. Teil: Die Hydroiden. Ergebnisse und Fortschritte der Zoologie, 4, 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1913">Kühn, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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are reflected in the cnidome (comprising stenoteles, desmonemes, and haplonemes) and in overall development (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DF53FE7373FA4ED1" author="Petersen, K. W." box="[827,1000,472,498]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="101 - 231" refId="ref62845" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990</bibRefCitation>
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). They were regarded by Petersen as being closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4DDC5FDAB72C14D39" authority="Poche, 1914" authorityName="Poche" authorityYear="1914" box="[429,723,512,538]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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Moerisiidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DE28FDAB72C14D39" author="Poche, F." box="[576,723,512,538]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="47 - 128" refId="ref63022" refString="Poche, F. (1914) Das System der Coelenterata. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80, Abteilung A, 5, 47 - 128." type="journal article" year="1914">Poche, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, with the two having similar cnidomes and aflagellate planulae.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DCA6FD8371CC4D61" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F." box="[206,478,552,578]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref51270" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 591 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
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||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4DD2AFD8371694D62" box="[322,379,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2006)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
suggested that
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4DECEFD8373014D61" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" box="[678,787,552,578]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Hydridae</taxonomicName>
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||
might warrant classification as a distinct order, but included them, together with
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4DD9CFDFB72924D49" authorityName="Poche" authorityYear="1914" box="[500,640,592,618]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Moerisiidae</taxonomicName>
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and four other families, in the capitate suborder
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4D8AEFDFB70C74DB1" authority="Poche, 1914" authorityName="Poche" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Capitellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Annelida" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Moerisiida">
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Moerisiida
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4D925FDFB70C74DB1" author="Poche, F." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="47 - 128" refId="ref63022" refString="Poche, F. (1914) Das System der Coelenterata. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80, Abteilung A, 5, 47 - 128." type="journal article" year="1914">Poche, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DC88FDD371DE4DB1" author="Collins, A. G. & Winkelmann, S. & Hadrys, H. & Schierwater, B." box="[224,460,632,658]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref54163" refString="Collins, A. G., Winkelmann, S., Hadrys, H. & Schierwater, B. (2005) Phylogeny of Capitata and Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in light of mitochondrial 16 S rDNA data. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 91 - 99." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Collins
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||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4DD54FDD3717D4DB2" box="[316,367,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4DE28FDD372BF4DB1" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" box="[576,685,632,658]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Hydridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Aplanulata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DF32FDD3742F4DB1" author="Collins, A. G. & Winkelmann, S. & Hadrys, H. & Schierwater, B." box="[858,1085,632,658]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref54163" refString="Collins, A. G., Winkelmann, S., Hadrys, H. & Schierwater, B. (2005) Phylogeny of Capitata and Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in light of mitochondrial 16 S rDNA data. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 91 - 99." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Collins
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4DFDEFDD373FB4DB2" box="[950,1001,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFD5FFE4DCAEFD0B721F4CA1" blockId="43.[151,1436,152,898]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The taxonomy and nomenclature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4DE05FD0B72C84D99" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" box="[621,730,672,698]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Hydridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have long been in disarray. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFD5FFE4D8FCFD0B74CD4D9A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1172,1247,672,697]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" genus="Hydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFD5FFE4D8FCFD0B74CD4D9A" box="[1172,1247,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hydra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DCD4FD63716E4DC1" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[188,380,712,738]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref59798" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with 11 included nominal species, none of the original names is in current use (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4D940FD6370C44C29" author="Campbell, R. D." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="219 - 244" refId="ref53377" refString="Campbell, R. D. (1989) Taxonomy of the European Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a re-examination of its history with emphasis on the species H. vulgaris Pallas, H. attenuata Pallas and H. circumcincta Schulze. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 95, 219 - 244." type="journal article" year="1989">Campbell 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some of the originally included taxa have been assigned to other groups, while any conforming with the current concept of the genus have unfortunately been given replacement names that have become more familiar than now-abandoned original ones.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFD5FFE4DEC5FCEB73654C79" author="Campbell, R. D." box="[685,887,832,858]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="219 - 244" refId="ref53377" refString="Campbell, R. D. (1989) Taxonomy of the European Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a re-examination of its history with emphasis on the species H. vulgaris Pallas, H. attenuata Pallas and H. circumcincta Schulze. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 95, 219 - 244." type="journal article" year="1989">Campbell (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed some of the confusion over names and identifications in the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |