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<mods:title id="C30E79AF5CB4284E034903FA31668076">Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago 2590</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFC6FFF7DCFFFD8C723A4D62" box="[151,552,551,577]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFC6FFF7DCFFFD8C723A4D62" blockId="56.[151,552,551,577]" box="[151,552,551,577]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0BC795FFFC6FFF7DCFFFD8C723A4D62" bold="true" box="[151,552,551,577]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DCFFFD8C723A4D62" bold="true" box="[151,552,551,577]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DC86FD8C723A4D62" ID-CoL="7PK7S" authority="Boulenger, 1908" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[238,552,551,577]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DC86FD8C714B4D62" bold="true" box="[238,345,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DD09FD8C723A4D62" author="Boulenger, C. L." box="[353,552,551,577]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="357 - 378" refId="ref51540" refString="Boulenger, C. L. (1908) On Moerisia lyonsi, a new hydromedusan from Lake Qurun. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 52, 357 - 378." type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFC6FFF7DCFFFDD971FE4DAA" blockId="56.[151,822,626,682]" box="[151,492,626,649]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5BE91DFFC6FFF7DCFFFDD971FE4DAA" box="[151,492,626,649]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitation id="0AEAE822FFC6FFF7DCFFFDD971F54DAA" author="Boulenger, C. L." box="[151,487,626,649]" page="358" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DCFFFDD971F54DAA" ID-CoL="7PK7S" authority="Boulenger, 1908: 358" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="358" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,487,626,649]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DCFFFDD970E54DAA" box="[151,247,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DC96FDD971F54DAA" author="Boulenger, C. L." box="[254,487,626,649]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="357 - 378" refId="ref51540" refString="Boulenger, C. L. (1908) On Moerisia lyonsi, a new hydromedusan from Lake Qurun. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 52, 357 - 378." type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger, 1908: 358</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFC6FFF7DCFFFD3973244D8A" box="[151,822,658,682]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFC6FFF7DCFFFD3973244D8A" blockId="56.[151,822,626,682]" box="[151,822,658,682]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DCFFFD3971394D89" bold="true" box="[151,299,658,682]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
<typeStatus id="54F07091FFC6FFF7DCFFFD3970DD4D89" box="[151,207,658,682]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DD50FD3972854D8A" ID-CoL="6RMKB" authority="Boulenger, 1908" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[312,663,658,681]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lyonsi">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DD50FD3971CC4D8A" box="[312,478,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia lyonsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DD8CFD3972854D8A" author="Boulenger, C. L." box="[484,663,658,681]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="357 - 378" refId="ref51540" refString="Boulenger, C. L. (1908) On Moerisia lyonsi, a new hydromedusan from Lake Qurun. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 52, 357 - 378." type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFC6FFF7DCFFFD71724C4C67" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFC6FFF7DCFFFD7173B14DD7" blockId="56.[151,1436,730,1676]" box="[151,931,730,756]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DCFFFD7171054DD7" bold="true" box="[151,279,730,756]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Moerisiid hydroids with moniliform, hollow tentacles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFC6FFF7DCAEFCA9724C4C67" blockId="56.[151,1436,730,1676]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisiid medusae with moniliform tentacles; gonads smooth, forming a continuous mass extending from central manubrium to manubrial lobes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFC6FFF7DCAEFCF9749449AF" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFC6FFF7DCAEFCF971284AE7" blockId="56.[151,1436,730,1676]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DCAEFCF9712D4C4F" bold="true" box="[198,319,850,876]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
The brackish-water genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DEFBFCF973D94C4F" authority="Boulenger, 1908" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[659,971,850,876]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DEFBFCF972EF4C48" box="[659,765,850,875]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DF6EFCF973D94C4F" author="Boulenger, C. L." box="[774,971,850,876]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="357 - 378" refId="ref51540" refString="Boulenger, C. L. (1908) On Moerisia lyonsi, a new hydromedusan from Lake Qurun. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 52, 357 - 378." type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as presently constituted is widespread and relatively familiar, but most nominal species assigned to it are poorly understood taxonomically. In the Indo-west Pacific region, only the species currently known as
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DFECFC0975794C9F" authority="(Uchida &amp; Uchida, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Uchida &amp; Uchida" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[900,1387,930,956]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horii">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DFECFC0974224C98" box="[900,1072,930,955]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia horii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7D829FC0975714C9F" author="Uchida, T. &amp; Uchida, S." box="[1089,1379,930,956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="157 - 158" refId="ref66036" refString="Uchida, T. &amp; Uchida, S. (1929) Occurrence of a new lacustrine hydroid in Japan. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan, 5, 157 - 158." type="journal article" year="1929">Uchida &amp; Uchida, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has been thoroughly studied in all phases of its life cycle. Nevertheless, relationships of that species to
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7D951FC61719B4B2F" authority="(Ritchie, 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Ritchie" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmata">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7D951FC6170C04B28" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. gemmata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DC88FC5971934B2F" author="Ritchie, J." box="[224,385,1010,1036]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="541 - 568" refId="ref64008" refString="Ritchie, J. (1915) The hydroids of the Indian Museum. II. - Annulella gemmata, a new and remarkable brackish-water hydroid. Records of the Indian Museum, 11, 541 - 568." type="journal article" year="1915">Ritchie, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DDA9FC5972ED4B2F" authority="Kramp, 1958" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1958" box="[449,767,1010,1036]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gangetica">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DDA9FC5972494B28" box="[449,603,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. gangetica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DE0BFC5972ED4B2F" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[611,767,1010,1036]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="339 - 376" refId="ref59236" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1958) Hydromedusae in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 53, 339 - 376." type="journal article" year="1958">Kramp, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both described from the same general region of
<collectingCountry id="F35C8EA3FFC6FFF7D951FC59756A4B2F" box="[1337,1400,1010,1036]" name="India" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">India</collectingCountry>
, or to other nominal species currently assigned to the genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DF57FBB174D74B17" authority="Boulenger, 1908" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[831,1221,1050,1076]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lyonsi">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DF57FBB173E54B10" box="[831,1015,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia lyonsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7D868FBB174D74B17" author="Boulenger, C. L." box="[1024,1221,1050,1076]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="357 - 378" refId="ref51540" refString="Boulenger, C. L. (1908) On Moerisia lyonsi, a new hydromedusan from Lake Qurun. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 52, 357 - 378." type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7D8BAFBB1718E4B7F" authority="Derzhavin, 1912" authorityName="Derzhavin" authorityYear="1912" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Caspionema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7D8BAFBB170D34B7F" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Caspionema pallasi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DCA7FBE9718E4B7F" author="Derzhavin, A." box="[207,412,1090,1116]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="390 - 396" refId="ref54728" refString="Derzhavin, A. (1912) Caspionema pallasi, eine Meduse des Kaspischen Meeres. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 39, 390 - 396." type="journal article" year="1912">Derzhavin, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DDD8FBE8744B4B7F" authority="Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa, 1925" authorityName="Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa" authorityYear="1925" box="[432,1113,1090,1116]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inkermanica">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DDD8FBE872A84B7F" box="[432,698,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia inkermanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DEA1FBE9744B4B7F" author="Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa, M. W." box="[713,1113,1090,1116]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="273 - 284" refId="ref62531" refString="Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa, M. W. (1925) Moerisia inkermanica n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 62, 273 - 284." type="journal article" year="1925">Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7D804FBE870C64BA7" authority="Leloup, 1938" authorityName="Leloup" authorityYear="1938" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alberti">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7D804FBE875204B7F" box="[1132,1330,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia alberti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7D929FBE970C64BA7" author="Leloup, E." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref59467" refString="Leloup, E. (1938) Moerisia alberti nov. sp. hydropolype dulcicole. Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge, Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission H. Damas (1935 - 1936), 4, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1938">Leloup, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DD72FBC072BF4BA7" authority="Bouillon, 1978 b" authorityName="Bouillon" authorityYear="1978" box="[282,685,1130,1156]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carine">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DD72FBC071C94BA7" box="[282,475,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia carine</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DD8EFBC172BF4BA7" author="Bouillon, J." box="[486,685,1130,1156]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="249 - 297" refId="ref50992" refString="Bouillon, J. (1978 b) Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle - Guinee). Partie I: Anthomedusae Capitata (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria) (1). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 19, 249 - 297." type="journal article" year="1978">Bouillon, 1978b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), have not been adequately explored. Moreover, a number of moerisiid records worldwide attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DEEEFB3872E64B8F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[646,756,1171,1196]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lyonsi">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DEEEFB3872E64B8F" box="[646,756,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. lyonsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including accounts of mine (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7D838FB3974F44B8F" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1104,1254,1170,1196]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref52627" refString="Calder, D. R. (1971) Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special Papers in Marine Science, 1, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1971">Calder 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7D89AFB3971164BF7" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Burrell, V. G., Jr." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="540 - 541" refId="ref53000" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Burrell, V. G., Jr. (1967) Occurrence of Moerisia lyonsi (Limnomedusae, Moerisiidae) in North America. American Midland Naturalist, 78, 540 - 541." type="journal article" year="1967">Calder &amp; Burrell 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DD7AFB1172134BF7" author="Sandifer, P. A. &amp; Smith, T. I. J. &amp; Calder, D. R." box="[274,513,1210,1236]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="55 - 59" refId="ref64082" refString="Sandifer, P. A., Smith, T. I. J. &amp; Calder, D. R. (1974) Hydrozoans as pests in closed-system culture of larval decapod crustaceans. Aquaculture, 4, 55 - 59." type="journal article" year="1974">
Sandifer
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DD16FB1071A84BF7" box="[382,442,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
1974
</bibRefCitation>
), have been based on adult medusae with numerous (&gt;20) marginal tentacles. As originally described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DDB6FB4972A04BDF" author="Boulenger, C. L." box="[478,690,1250,1276]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="357 - 378" refId="ref51540" refString="Boulenger, C. L. (1908) On Moerisia lyonsi, a new hydromedusan from Lake Qurun. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 52, 357 - 378." type="journal article" year="1908">Boulenger (1908)</bibRefCitation>
, however, mature medusae of that species normally have four tentacles.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DD64FAA172264A07" author="Rees, J. T. &amp; Gershwin, L." box="[268,564,1290,1316]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref63591" refString="Rees, J. T. &amp; Gershwin, L. (2000) Non-indigenous hydromedusae in California's upper San Francisco estuary: life cycles, distribution, and potential environmental impacts. Scientia Marina, 64 (Suplemento 1), 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="2000">Rees &amp; Gershwin (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, working with
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DE8DFAA0736A4A07" box="[741,888,1290,1316]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DE8DFAA0735D4A07" box="[741,847,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from California, believed that only one or two morphologically variable species may prove to exist in
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DF43FA9974444A6F" authority="Poche, 1914" authorityName="Poche" authorityYear="1914" box="[811,1110,1330,1356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Moerisiidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DFA8FA9974444A6F" author="Poche, F." box="[960,1110,1330,1356]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="47 - 128" refId="ref63022" refString="Poche, F. (1914) Das System der Coelenterata. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80, Abteilung A, 5, 47 - 128." type="journal article" year="1914">Poche, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Confusion and uncertainty prevails in the taxonomy of the genus at present, and a revision of
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DFC5FAF074054A57" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[941,1047,1371,1396]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DFC5FAF074054A57" box="[941,1047,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its species is needed. As for
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DCFFFA2872694ABF" authority=", Rees &amp; Thursfield (1965)" authorityName="Rees &amp; Thursfield" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,635,1410,1436]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmata">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DCFFFA28713F4ABF" box="[151,301,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. gemmata</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DD28FA2972694ABF" author="Rees, W. J. &amp; Thursfield, S." box="[320,635,1410,1436]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="34 - 220" refId="ref63832" refString="Rees, W. J. &amp; Thursfield, S. (1965) The hydroid collections of James Ritchie. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B (Biology), 69, 34 - 220." type="journal article" year="1965">Rees &amp; Thursfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
included it in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7D865FA2874D94ABF" authorityName="Paltschikowa-Ostroumowa" authorityYear="1925" box="[1037,1227,1411,1436]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inkermanica">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7D865FA2874D94ABF" box="[1037,1227,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. inkermanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7D96CFA28713B4AE7" baseAuthorityName="Paltschikowa-Ostroumova" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Ostroumovia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inkermanica">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7D96CFA28713B4AE7" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ostroumovia inkermanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFC6FFF7DCAEFA7973EE491F" blockId="56.[151,1436,730,1676]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Although restricted to environments of low salinity, species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DFD5FA7874354ACF" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[957,1063,1491,1516]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DFD5FA7874354ACF" box="[957,1063,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are well-known to be invasive (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DCF7FA5171694937" author="Purcell, J. E. &amp; Bamstedt, U. &amp; Bamstedt, A." box="[159,379,1530,1556]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="317 - 325" refId="ref63134" refString="Purcell, J. E., Bamstedt, U. &amp; Bamstedt, A. (1999) Prey, feeding rates, and asexual reproduction rates of the introduced oligohaline hydrozoan Moerisia lyonsi. Marine Biology, 134, 317 - 325." type="journal article" year="1999">
Purcell
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DC93FA5071244937" box="[251,310,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DDE0FA51728C4937" author="Rees, J. T. &amp; Gershwin, L." box="[392,670,1530,1556]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref63591" refString="Rees, J. T. &amp; Gershwin, L. (2000) Non-indigenous hydromedusae in California's upper San Francisco estuary: life cycles, distribution, and potential environmental impacts. Scientia Marina, 64 (Suplemento 1), 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="2000">Rees &amp; Gershwin 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DEC2FA51738E4937" author="Ma, X. &amp; Purcell, J. E." box="[682,924,1530,1556]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="215 - 224" refId="ref59961" refString="Ma, X. &amp; Purcell, J. E. (2005 a) Effects of temperature, salinity, and predators on mortality of and colonization by the invasive hydrozoan Moerisia lyonsi. Marine Biology, 147, 215 - 224." type="journal article" year="2005">Ma &amp; Purcell 2005a</bibRefCitation>
, b). Notably, resistant podocysts are known to occur in the life cycle, and may facilitate dispersal of these hydrozoans.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFC6FFF7DCAEF9E1749449AF" blockId="56.[151,1436,730,1676]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Fewer than 10 species are currently included in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DFF4F9E074144947" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[924,1030,1611,1636]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DFF4F9E074144947" box="[924,1030,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Moerisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7D871F9E175044947" author="Bouillon, J. &amp; Gravili, C. &amp; Pages, F. &amp; Gili, J. - M. &amp; Boero, F." box="[1049,1302,1610,1636]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref51270" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. &amp; Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 591 pp." type="book" year="2006">
Bouillon
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7D8E5F9E074D74947" box="[1165,1221,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7D94EF9E170C549AF" author="Schuchert, P." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref64674" refString="Schuchert, P. (2009) World Hydrozoa Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa (Last date of access: 28 December 2009)." type="url" year="2009">Schuchert 2009</bibRefCitation>
). One of these,
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFC6FFF7DDE4F9D871FF49AF" baseAuthorityName="Uchida &amp; Uchida" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[396,493,1651,1676]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Moerisiidae" genus="Moerisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horii">
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFC6FFF7DDE4F9D871FF49AF" box="[396,493,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. horii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been reported from Hawaiian waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFC6FFF7DF8CF9D9746B49AF" author="Cooke, W. J." box="[996,1145,1650,1676]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="71 - 104" refId="ref54242" refString="Cooke, W. J. (1977) Order Hydroida. In: Devaney, D. M. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (Eds.), Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: Protozoa through Ctenophora. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication, 64 (1), 71 - 104." type="journal article" year="1977">Cooke 1977</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>