treatments-xml/data/03/90/87/039087FB606CFFBC4BACA4E93CC3F979.xml

<document id="A3C81989FF78B3821BB689B90B39977F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186557" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c86df26e-241b-4cd2-8f4d-0ab9667a5911" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186557" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461053099090" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Apanaskevich, Dmitry A., Horak, Ivan G. &amp; Geevarghese, Geevarghese" docDate="2009" docId="039087FB606CFFBC4BACA4E93CC3F979" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02050p055.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2050" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hyalomma (Hyalommina) kumari Sharif 1928" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFA9FF83607CFFAA4B3BA54F383EFFBA" masterDocTitle="The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. VIII. Redescription of three Hyalommina Schulze, 1919 species (Acari: Ixodidae) from South Asia with notes on their biology" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698580205284" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6FD2F0A83FDCA4974E3E6A5C8C3F0807">The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. VIII. Redescription of three Hyalommina Schulze, 1919 species (Acari: Ixodidae) from South Asia with notes on their biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CDECBF4318BF61970B34395FEA3C2105">Horak, Ivan G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039087FB606CFFBC4BACA4E93CC3F979" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6213757" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6213757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087FB606CFFBC4BACA4E93CC3F979" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087FB606CFFBC4BACA4E93CC3F979" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="C3236566606CFFBA4BACA4E9390BFE59" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BACA4E93AEDFE7A" blockId="16.[151,723,422,483]" box="[151,723,422,448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D0CE8181606CFFBA4BACA4E93AEDFE7A" bold="true" box="[151,723,422,448]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606CFFBA4BACA4E93AEDFE7A" ID-CoL="6MGGP" authority="Sharif, 1928" authorityName="Sharif" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,723,422,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari" subGenus="Hyalommina">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BACA4E93AEDFE7A" bold="true" box="[151,723,422,448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BACA4E93923FE7A" bold="true" box="[151,285,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Hyalomma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4A16A4E939F5FE7A" bold="true" box="[301,459,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Hyalommina</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4AE7A4E93A0AFE7A" bold="true" box="[476,564,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">kumari</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606CFFBA4907A4E93AEDFE7A" author="Sharif" box="[572,723,422,448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" refString="Sharif, M. (1928) A revision of the Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collection in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30, 217 - 344." type="journal article" year="1928">Sharif, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BACA486390BFE59" blockId="16.[151,723,422,483]" box="[151,309,457,483]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4BA4A4863912FE59" box="[159,300,457,483]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStart-2="FIGURE 15" captionStart-3="FIGURE 16" captionStart-4="FIGURE 17" captionStart-5="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="17.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,260,1767,1791]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,255,1743,1767]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,256,1870,1894]" captionStartId-4="21.[151,260,1538,1562]" captionStartId-5="23.[151,257,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox-0="[318,1224,341,2010]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1422,206,1724]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1418,256,1682]" captionTargetBox-3="[158,1426,205,1845]" captionTargetBox-4="[182,1398,204,1488]" captionTargetBox-5="[167,1411,217,1224]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[317,1271,303,2015]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[151,1436,194,1743]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[151,1435,256,1719]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1846]" captionTargetId-4="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1514]" captionTargetId-5="figure@23.[151,1436,199,1249]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="21" captionTargetPageId-5="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. Hyalomma kumari, male, conscutum. Scale bar = 1 mm. All setae are omitted." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Hyalomma kumari, male. A—genital structures; B—anal plates; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B, D, E, H = 500 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." captionText-2="FIGURE 15. Hyalomma kumari, female, scutum. Scale bar = 1 mm. All setae are omitted." captionText-3="FIGURE 16. Hyalomma kumari, female. A—genital structures; B—longitudinal cut through preatrial fold of genital aperture schematically (a—anterior, p—posterior); C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm; E, D, H = 500 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." captionText-4="FIGURE 17. Hyalomma kumari, nymph. A—scutum; B—seta of alloscutum; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—coxae. A = 400 μm; B, C = 50 μm; D, E, F = 200 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings D and E where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." captionText-5="FIGURE 18. Hyalomma kumari, larva. A—scutum; B—gnathosoma dorsally; C—gnathosoma ventrally; D—coxae. Scale bars: A = 150 μm; B, C, D = 100 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings B and C where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/186570/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/186571/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/186572/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/186573/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/186574/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/186575/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Figs. 13–18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3236566606CFFBA4BACA7593CF2FCA2" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BACA7593CDAFD71" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BACA759395AFD8A" bold="true" box="[151,356,534,560]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="5482884F606CFFBA4BACA75938EDFD8A" box="[151,211,534,560]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5482884F606CFFBA4A54A75939E3FD8A" box="[367,477,534,560]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(male and female; not quantified) ex tahr, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606CFFBA48DEA7583D67FD8A" authority="Ogilby" authorityName="Ogilby" box="[997,1369,534,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Hemitragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylocrius">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA48DEA7583CD4FD8A" box="[997,1258,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Hemitragus hylocrius</emphasis>
(Ogilby)
</taxonomicName>
from Parambikulam, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA4A63A7723991FDED" box="[344,431,573,599]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Cochin</collectingCountry>
State [now Kerala State, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA49D2A7723B10FDED" box="[745,814,573,599]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
]; deposited in the Indian Museum, reg. № 2173/17 (Kolkata, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA4A37A72B3974FDC4" box="[268,330,612,638]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
) (p. 320, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606CFFBA4A86A72B3A75FDC4" author="Sharif" box="[445,587,612,638]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" refString="Sharif, M. (1928) A revision of the Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collection in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30, 217 - 344." type="journal article" year="1928">Sharif 1928</bibRefCitation>
). Some of 
<typeStatus id="5482884F606CFFBA49F1A72B3B0FFDC4" box="[714,817,612,638]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD64606CFFBA4879A72B3B9EFDC4" box="[834,928,612,638]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD64606CFFBA4896A72B3C1CFDC4" box="[941,1058,612,638]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
; Nuttall 3659) are housed in the Natural History Museum (London) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606CFFBA4972A7C53B47FD1E" author="Keirans" box="[585,889,650,676]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" refString="Keirans, J. E. &amp; Hillyard, P. D. (2001) A catalogue of the type specimens of Ixodida (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) deposited in the Natural History Museum, London. Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 13, 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="2001">Keirans &amp; Hillyard 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Later authors have added the following data for the 
<typeStatus id="5482884F606CFFBA4BD0A7FE3968FD71" box="[235,342,689,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
: the date of the collection (
<date id="FF87102D606CFFBA49A8A7FE3B69FD71" box="[659,855,689,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1924-09-16" valueMax="1924-09-24" valueMin="1924-09-16">16-24 Sept 1924</date>
) and the collector (F.A. Gravely).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFDA7983CF2FCA2" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFDA798399DFD4B" bold="true" box="[198,419,727,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Material studied.</emphasis>
A total of 
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD64606CFFBA4900A7973A92FD48" box="[571,684,728,754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="male">40 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD64606CFFBA4985A7973B79FD48" box="[702,839,728,754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="female">30 females</specimenCount>
, 17 nymphs and 
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD64606CFFBA4F1DA7973CA7FD48" box="[1062,1177,728,754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="larva">30 larvae</specimenCount>
that originated from 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA4BACA7B13917FCA2" box="[151,297,766,792]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA4A0EA7B1394AFCA2" box="[309,372,766,792]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA4A44A7B1398FFCA2" box="[383,433,766,792]" name="Iran" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA4A86A7B13A38FCA2" box="[445,518,766,792]" name="Nepal" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA4929A7B13A4BFCA2" box="[530,629,766,792]" name="Pakistan" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606CFFBA4995A7B13B1FFCA2" box="[686,801,766,792]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
were examined in the present study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3236566606CFFBC4BFDA66A3CC3F979" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFDA66A3A79FC85" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" box="[198,583,805,831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFDA66A3960FC85" bold="true" box="[198,350,805,831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4A5DA66A399CFC84" box="[358,418,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A89A66A3A2DFC85" box="[434,531,805,831]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox="[318,1224,341,2010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[317,1271,303,2015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Hyalomma kumari, male, conscutum. Scale bar = 1 mm. All setae are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186570/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA491BA66A3A00FC85" box="[544,574,805,831]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,260,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,206,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,194,1743]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Hyalomma kumari, male. A—genital structures; B—anal plates; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B, D, E, H = 500 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186571/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFEA6033B01FC60" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFEA6033974FCDF" box="[197,330,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Conscutum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A60A603398BFCDC" box="[347,437,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox="[318,1224,341,2010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[317,1271,303,2015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Hyalomma kumari, male, conscutum. Scale bar = 1 mm. All setae are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186570/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
): narrow, length 2.28–3.22 (2.68 ± 0.25, n = 19), width 1.34–1.78 (1.52 ± 0.12, n = 19), ratio length:width 1.62–1.87 (1.76 ± 0.07, n = 19); usually yellow-brown; fairly sparse large, mediumsized and small punctations mainly on anterior part of conscutum, caudal and lateral fields. 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4FE0A6D63DA2FC08" box="[1243,1436,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Spiracular plate</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4BA4A68F38CBFC60" box="[159,245,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,260,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,206,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,194,1743]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Hyalomma kumari, male. A—genital structures; B—anal plates; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B, D, E, H = 500 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186571/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
C): perforated portion of prolongation very broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFDA6A839FDFBBA" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" box="[198,451,998,1024]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFDA6A83920FBBA" box="[198,286,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A15A6A939B1FBBA" box="[302,399,998,1024]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,256,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,256,1719]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hyalomma kumari, female, scutum. Scale bar = 1 mm. All setae are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186572/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4AA7A6A93984FBBA" box="[412,442,998,1024]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="20.[151,256,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,205,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hyalomma kumari, female. A—genital structures; B—longitudinal cut through preatrial fold of genital aperture schematically (a—anterior, p—posterior); C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm; E, D, H = 500 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186573/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFEA1423A2AFB52" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFEA1423920FB9C" box="[197,286,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Scutum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A14A14239B5FB9D" box="[303,395,1037,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,256,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,256,1719]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hyalomma kumari, female, scutum. Scale bar = 1 mm. All setae are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186572/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
): length 1.42–2.05 (1.74 ± 0.16, n = 10), width 1.29–1.85 (1.55 ± 0.16, n = 10), ratio length:width 1.09–1.20 (1.13 ± 0.03, n = 10); usually yellow-brown; large and medium-sized punctations moderately dense on lateral fields and anterior part of central fields; punctations sparse on cervical fields and on central and posterior parts of central field. 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4982A1CE3BB1FB20" box="[697,911,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Genital structures</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA48A4A1CE3BC8FB21" box="[927,1014,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="20.[151,256,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,205,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hyalomma kumari, female. A—genital structures; B—longitudinal cut through preatrial fold of genital aperture schematically (a—anterior, p—posterior); C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm; E, D, H = 500 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186573/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
A): genital aperture narrow, arcuate (U-shaped); vestibular portion of vagina markedly bulging; preatrial fold of genital aperture bulging throughout its length (
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4AA0A18139CFFB52" box="[411,497,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="20.[151,256,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,205,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hyalomma kumari, female. A—genital structures; B—longitudinal cut through preatrial fold of genital aperture schematically (a—anterior, p—posterior); C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm; E, D, H = 500 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186573/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFDA1BA39B9FAB5" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" box="[198,391,1269,1295]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFDA1BA3927FAB4" box="[198,281,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Nymph</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A12A1BA3940FAB5" box="[297,382,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="21.[151,260,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[182,1398,204,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1514]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hyalomma kumari, nymph. A—scutum; B—seta of alloscutum; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—coxae. A = 400 μm; B, C = 50 μm; D, E, F = 200 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings D and E where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFEA0533BCCFA10" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFEA053391CFA8F" box="[197,290,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Scutum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A0FA05339ADFA8C" box="[308,403,1308,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="21.[151,260,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[182,1398,204,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1514]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hyalomma kumari, nymph. A—scutum; B—seta of alloscutum; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—coxae. A = 400 μm; B, C = 50 μm; D, E, F = 200 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings D and E where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
A): length 461–556 (510±22.94, n=16), width 421–485 (463±18.47, n=16), ratio length:width 1.03–1.15 (1.10±0.03, n=16), distance between posterior margin of eyes and posterior margin of scutum 143–187 (165±11.52, n=16), width:length of posterior portion of scutum 2.55–3.00 (2.81±0.13, n=16); slight posterolateral depressions on either side of scutal extremity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFEA0F8398FF928" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFEA0F83952FA6A" box="[197,364,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Basis capituli</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A46A0F939DFFA6A" box="[381,481,1462,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="21.[151,260,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[182,1398,204,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1514]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hyalomma kumari, nymph. A—scutum; B—seta of alloscutum; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—coxae. A = 400 μm; B, C = 50 μm; D, E, F = 200 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings D and E where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
D, E): length 340–400 (365±17.37, n=16); width 290–348 (316±17.48, n=16), ratio length:width 1.11–1.20 (1.16±0.03, n=16); ventrally lateral saliences slightly convex without spur. 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4E67A092390AF9A7" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Palpi (segment II)</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A73A34B398CF9A4" box="[328,434,1540,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="21.[151,260,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[182,1398,204,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1514]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hyalomma kumari, nymph. A—scutum; B—seta of alloscutum; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—coxae. A = 400 μm; B, C = 50 μm; D, E, F = 200 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings D and E where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
D, E): length 146–180 (158±9.03, n=16), width 44–48 (46±1.57, n=16), ratio length:width 3.11–3.83 (3.42±0.20, n=16). 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA49A7A3643B1FF9FE" box="[668,801,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Hypostome</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4809A3653BB7F9FE" box="[818,905,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="21.[151,260,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[182,1398,204,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1514]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hyalomma kumari, nymph. A—scutum; B—seta of alloscutum; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—coxae. A = 400 μm; B, C = 50 μm; D, E, F = 200 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings D and E where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
E): length 154–190 (170±9.86, n=16), width 38–50 (44±3.39, n=16), ratio length:width 3.24–4.10 (3.87±0.20, n=16); rounded at apex; 8 or 9 large denticles in median file.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFEA3D03AD2F902" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" box="[197,748,1694,1720]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFEA3D0392EF902" box="[197,272,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Coxae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A1BA3D1394BF902" box="[288,373,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="21.[151,260,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[182,1398,204,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1514]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hyalomma kumari, nymph. A—scutum; B—seta of alloscutum; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—coxae. A = 400 μm; B, C = 50 μm; D, E, F = 200 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings D and E where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
F): coxae II with moderate spur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFDA38A3944F965" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" box="[198,378,1733,1759]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFDA38A3932F964" box="[198,268,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A27A38A394FF965" box="[284,369,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,257,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[167,1411,217,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,199,1249]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hyalomma kumari, larva. A—scutum; B—gnathosoma dorsally; C—gnathosoma ventrally; D—coxae. Scale bars: A = 150 μm; B, C, D = 100 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings B and C where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186575/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBA4BFEA3A33BAFF8C0" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFEA3A3391AF8BF" box="[197,292,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Scutum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A0CA3A339A9F8BC" box="[311,407,1772,1798]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,257,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[167,1411,217,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,199,1249]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hyalomma kumari, larva. A—scutum; B—gnathosoma dorsally; C—gnathosoma ventrally; D—coxae. Scale bars: A = 150 μm; B, C, D = 100 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings B and C where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186575/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
A): length 216–232 (225±3.92, n=30), width 314–332 (323±4.54, n=30), ratio length:width 0.67–0.72 (0.69±0.01, n=30), distance from posterior margin of eyes to posterior margin of scutum 48–56 (52±2.22, n=30), ratio width:length of posterior portion 5.71–6.92 (6.25±0.29, n=30). Portion of scutum posterior to eyes slightly less than 1/4 of scutal length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606CFFBB4BFEA2C83B1FFF62" blockId="16.[151,1437,534,2030]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,152,294]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4BFEA2C83956F81A" box="[197,360,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Basis capituli</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4A43A2C939E4F81A" box="[376,474,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,257,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[167,1411,217,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,199,1249]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hyalomma kumari, larva. A—scutum; B—gnathosoma dorsally; C—gnathosoma ventrally; D—coxae. Scale bars: A = 150 μm; B, C, D = 100 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings B and C where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186575/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
B, C): length 148–166 (159±3.53, n=30), width 152–162 (158±2.19, n=30), ratio length:width 0.95–1.06 (1.01±0.02, n=30). 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4982A2E23C35F87C" box="[697,1035,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Palpi (segments II and III)</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606CFFBA4F26A2E23CBBF87D" box="[1053,1157,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,257,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[167,1411,217,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,199,1249]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hyalomma kumari, larva. A—scutum; B—gnathosoma dorsally; C—gnathosoma ventrally; D—coxae. Scale bars: A = 150 μm; B, C, D = 100 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings B and C where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186575/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
B, C): length 108–114 (111±1.58, n=30), width 31–36 (32±0.97, n=30), ratio length:width 3.08–3.56 (3.42±0.11, n=30). 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606CFFBA4E23A29B3DA2F857" box="[1304,1436,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Hypostome</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13022A68606DFFBB4B9BA5D738C3FF08" box="[160,253,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,257,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[167,1411,217,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,199,1249]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hyalomma kumari, larva. A—scutum; B—gnathosoma dorsally; C—gnathosoma ventrally; D—coxae. Scale bars: A = 150 μm; B, C, D = 100 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings B and C where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186575/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
C): length 86–92 (90±1.67, n=30), width 21–22 (21±0.51, n=30), ratio length:width 4.00–4.38 (4.17±0.11, n=30); 7 or 8 large denticles in median file.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606DFFBB4BFEA5AA395BFE9C" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606DFFBB4BFEA5AA3927FF44" box="[197,281,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Genu I</emphasis>
: length 118–126 (121±1.98, n=30), width 42–44 (43±0.92, n=8), ratio length:width 2.73–3.00 (2.83±0.08, n=8).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF466665606DFFBB4BACA2943C4CF848" box="[151,1138,2011,2035]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186570/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[318,1224,341,2010]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606DFFBB4BACA2943C4CF848" blockId="17.[151,1138,2011,2035]" box="[151,1138,2011,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606DFFBB4BACA2943918F849" bold="true" box="[151,294,2011,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606DFFBB4A16A29439CBF848" box="[301,501,2011,2034]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606DFFBB4A16A29439CBF848" box="[301,501,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Hyalomma kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, conscutum. Scale bar = 1 mm. All setae are omitted.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF466665606EFFB84BACA3A839DFF8DC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186571/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[166,1422,206,1724]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606EFFB84BACA3A839DFF8DC" blockId="18.[151,1437,1767,1894]" pageId="18" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606EFFB84BACA3A8390EF945" bold="true" box="[151,304,1767,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606EFFB84A03A3A73A35F945" box="[312,523,1768,1791]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606EFFB84A03A3A73A35F945" box="[312,523,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="49">Hyalomma kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male. A—genital structures; B—anal plates; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B, D, E, H = 500 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606EFFB94BFDA2DB3D79FF45" blockId="18.[151,1436,1940,2005]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,152,255]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="18" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606EFFB84BFDA2DB392AF814" bold="true" box="[198,276,1940,1966]" pageId="18" pageNumber="49">Hosts.</emphasis>
The principal hosts of the adults are large and medium-sized domestic and wild ungulates: cattle, goats, buffaloes, sheep, pigs, camels, horses, donkeys, Indian muntjac, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606EFFB848CBA2F33DA6F86F" authority="Zimmermann" authorityName="Zimmermann" box="[1008,1432,1979,2005]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Muntiacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muntjak">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606EFFB848CBA2F33CE8F86F" box="[1008,1238,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="49">Muntiacus muntjak</emphasis>
(Zimmermann)
</taxonomicName>
, tahr, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94BE3A5D73A5FFF08" authority="Ogilby" authorityName="Ogilby" box="[216,609,152,178]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Hemitragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylocrius">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94BE3A5D739D7FF0B" box="[216,489,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">Hemitragus hylocrius</emphasis>
(Ogilby)
</taxonomicName>
, markhor, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB949D2A5D73C0EFF08" authority="Wagner" authorityName="Wagner" box="[745,1072,152,178]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falconeri">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB949D2A5D73B8DFF0B" box="[745,947,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">Capra falconeri</emphasis>
(Wagner)
</taxonomicName>
and wild goat, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94FCCA5D73931FF62" authority="Linnaeus." authorityName="Linnaeus." class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hircus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94FCCA5D73DA2FF0B" box="[1271,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">Capra hircus</emphasis>
Linnaeus.
</taxonomicName>
Adults have also been recorded from domestic dogs and tiger, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94F20A5F03C45FF62" box="[1051,1147,191,216]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94F20A5F03C45FF62" box="[1051,1147,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">P. tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(our data; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB94E3FA5F13DA6FF62" author="Sharif" box="[1284,1432,190,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Sharif, M. (1928) A revision of the Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collection in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30, 217 - 344." type="journal article" year="1928">Sharif 1928</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB94BACA5AA3909FF45" author="Starkov" box="[151,311,229,255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Starkov, O. A. (1972) Hyalomma (Hyalommina) kumari Sharif, 1928 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) - a new species of bloodsucking tick for fauna of the USSR. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoi SSR, Otdelenie Biologicheskikh Nauk, 1, 73 - 75. (in Russian)" type="journal article" year="1972">Starkov 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB94A78A5AA3AB7FF45" author="Miranpuri" box="[323,649,229,255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Miranpuri, G. S. &amp; Naithani R. C. (1978) A check list of Indian ticks (Ixodoidea: Acarina). Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India, 50 pp." type="book" year="1978">Miranpuri &amp; Naithani 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB949AEA5AA3BEEFF45" author="Hoogstraal" box="[661,976,229,255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Valdez, R. (1980) Ticks (Ixodoidea) from wild sheep and goats in Iran and medical and veterinary implications. Fieldiana Zoology, 6, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1980">Hoogstraal &amp; Valdez 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB948E7A5AA3D04FF45" author="Geevarghese" box="[988,1338,229,255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Geevarghese, G. &amp; Dhanda, V. (1987) The Indian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India, 119 pp." type="book" year="1987">Geevarghese &amp; Dhanda 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF466665606FFFB94BACA3803C5EF95C" box="[151,1120,1743,1767]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186572/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[170,1418,256,1682]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606FFFB94BACA3803C5EF95C" blockId="19.[151,1120,1743,1767]" box="[151,1120,1743,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94BACA3803918F95D" bold="true" box="[151,294,1743,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94A16A38039CBF95C" box="[301,501,1743,1766]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94A16A38039CBF95C" box="[301,501,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">Hyalomma kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, scutum. Scale bar = 1 mm. All setae are omitted.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606FFFB94BFEA25B3B54F84A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1812,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">
The main hosts of the immature stages of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94986A25A3B08F894" box="[701,822,1813,1838]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94986A25A3B08F894" box="[701,822,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">H. kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are various rodents and other small mammals. The immature stages have been recorded from Asian house shrew, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94842A2743BC8F8EE" box="[889,1014,1851,1876]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94842A2743BC8F8EE" box="[889,1014,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">S. murinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Blanford’s rat, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94F83A2743DA5F8EF" authority="Cutch" authorityName="Cutch" box="[1208,1435,1851,1877]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Cremnomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94F83A2743D79F8EE" box="[1208,1351,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">C. blanfordi</emphasis>
, Cutch
</taxonomicName>
rat, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94BF3A22D395FF8C1" box="[200,353,1890,1915]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Cremnomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cutchicus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94BF3A22D395FF8C1" box="[200,353,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">C. cutchicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, house rat, 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94AC9A22D3A63F8C1" box="[498,605,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">R. rattus</emphasis>
, soft-furred rat, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94810A22D3C2BF8C6" authority="Indian" authorityName="Indian" box="[811,1045,1890,1916]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94810A22D3B89F8C1" box="[811,951,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">M. meltada</emphasis>
, Indian
</taxonomicName>
bush rat, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94FA9A22D3CC2F8C1" box="[1170,1276,1890,1915]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Golunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94FA9A22D3CC2F8C1" box="[1170,1276,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">G. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rock-loving mouse, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94BC9A2C63945F818" box="[242,379,1929,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saxicola">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94BC9A2C63945F818" box="[242,379,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">M. saxicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, flat-haired mouse, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB9495CA2C63B3EF818" box="[615,768,1929,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platythrix">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB9495CA2C63B3EF818" box="[615,768,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">M. platythrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, little Indian field mouse, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94F0CA2C63CFAF818" box="[1079,1220,1929,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="booduga">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94F0CA2C63CFAF818" box="[1079,1220,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">M. booduga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Indian gerbil, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94BACA2E038C3F872" box="[151,253,1967,1992]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tatera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94BACA2E038C3F872" box="[151,253,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">T. indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB94A35A2E03A23F873" author="Singh" box="[270,541,1967,1993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Singh, K. R. P. &amp; Dhanda, V. (1965) Description and keys of immature stages of some species of Indian Hyalomma Koch, 1844 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Acarologia, 7, 636 - 651." type="journal article" year="1965">Singh &amp; Dhanda 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB94911A2E03AD2F873" author="Kaul" box="[554,748,1967,1993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Kaul, H. N., Mishra, A. C., Dhanda, V., Kulkarni, S. M. &amp; Guttikar, S. N. (1978) Ectoparasitic arthropods of birds and mammals from Rajasthan State, India. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 2, 19 - 25." type="journal article" year="1978">
Kaul 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94950A2E03AA1F872" box="[619,671,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 1978
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB949C2A2E03B09F873" author="Kaul" box="[761,823,1967,1993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Kaul, H. N., Dhanda, V. &amp; Mishra, A. C. (1979) A survey of ixodid ticks in Orissa State, India. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 49, 707 - 712." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB9487FA2E03C9BF873" author="Geevarghese" box="[836,1189,1967,1993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Geevarghese, G. &amp; Dhanda, V. (1987) The Indian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India, 119 pp." type="book" year="1987">Geevarghese &amp; Dhanda 1987</bibRefCitation>
). One larva has been recorded from a bird: munia, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606FFFB94ACBA2993A5CF855" box="[496,610,2006,2031]" class="Aves" family="Estrildidae" genus="Lonchura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB94ACBA2993A5CF855" box="[496,610,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">Lonchura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C606FFFB949A1A2993B63F84A" author="Kaul" box="[666,861,2006,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="55" refString="Kaul, H. N., Mishra, A. C., Dhanda, V., Kulkarni, S. M. &amp; Guttikar, S. N. (1978) Ectoparasitic arthropods of birds and mammals from Rajasthan State, India. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 2, 19 - 25." type="journal article" year="1978">
Kaul 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606FFFB949E7A2993B31F855" box="[732,783,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 1978
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4666656068FFBE4BACA2013DB6F877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186573/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[158,1426,205,1845]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED6068FFBE4BACA2013DB6F877" blockId="20.[151,1437,1870,1997]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6068FFBE4BACA2013914F8DC" bold="true" box="[151,298,1870,1894]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E6068FFBE4A0AA20039C3F8DC" box="[305,509,1871,1894]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6068FFBE4A0AA20039C3F8DC" box="[305,509,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Hyalomma kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female. A—genital structures; B—longitudinal cut through preatrial fold of genital aperture schematically (a—anterior, p—posterior); C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—palp ventrally; G—hypostome; H—coxae. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, F, G = 400 μm; E, D, H = 500 μm. All setae are omitted except drawing F where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4666656069FFBF4BACA34D3CE1F9E5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186574/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[182,1398,204,1488]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED6069FFBF4BACA34D3CE1F9E5" blockId="21.[151,1437,1538,1631]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4BACA34D390FF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,305,1538,1562]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E6069FFBF4A03A34C3A30F9A0" box="[312,526,1539,1562]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4A03A34C3A30F9A0" box="[312,526,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Hyalomma kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nymph. A—scutum; B—seta of alloscutum; C—spiracular plate (a—anterior, d—dorsal); D—gnathosoma dorsally; E—gnathosoma ventrally; F—coxae. A = 400 μm; B, C = 50 μm; D, E, F = 200 μm. All setae are omitted except drawings D and E where only setae of palpal segment IV are omitted.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED6069FFBF4BFEA3C239DAF8A1" blockId="21.[151,1437,1677,2012]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">
It is most probable that the records of the immature stages from larger domestic animals such as goats, buffaloes and dogs (Chaudhuri 1970; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C6069FFBF4964A3FB3B14F974" author="Gill" box="[607,810,1716,1742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Gill, H. S. &amp; Gill, B. S. (1977) Ixodid ticks of domestic animals in the Punjab State. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, 69 pp." type="book" year="1977">Gill &amp; Gill 1977</bibRefCitation>
) are the result of confusing their identification with those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E6069FFBF4BC4A3943995F94E" box="[255,427,1755,1780]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anatolicum">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4BC4A3943995F94E" box="[255,427,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">H. anatolicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E6069FFBF4AEFA3943B29F94E" authority="Koch, 1844" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[468,791,1754,1780]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dromedarii">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4AEFA3943A41F94E" box="[468,639,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">H. dromedarii</emphasis>
Koch, 1844
</taxonomicName>
. These records and the identification of the immature stages need to be rechecked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED6069FFBC4BFEA2673BFFFF45" blockId="21.[151,1437,1677,2012]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4BFEA26739C5F8F8" bold="true" box="[197,507,1832,1858]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4939A2673A08F8FB" box="[514,566,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Asia</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF497DA2673AE7F8F8" box="[582,729,1832,1858]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF49DEA2673B1AF8F8" box="[741,804,1832,1858]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF480BA2673B5CF8F8" box="[816,866,1832,1858]" name="Iran" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF4855A2673B89F8F8" box="[878,951,1832,1858]" name="Nepal" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF48F8A2673C18F8F8" box="[963,1062,1832,1858]" name="Pakistan" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF4F5BA2673CEDF8F8" box="[1120,1235,1832,1858]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
(our data; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C6069FFBF4E6FA26738E8F8D3" author="Sharif" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Sharif, M. (1928) A revision of the Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collection in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30, 217 - 344." type="journal article" year="1928">Sharif 1928</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C6069FFBF4BD8A2003A1CF8D3" author="Kaiser" box="[227,546,1871,1897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Kaiser, M. N. and Hoogstraal, H. (1963) The Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) of Afghanistan. Journal of Parasitology, 49, 130 - 139." type="journal article" year="1963">Kaiser &amp; Hoogstraal 1963</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C6069FFBF490BA2003A51F8D3" author="Hoogstraal" box="[560,623,1871,1897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Kaiser, M. N. and Hoogstraal, H. (1964) The Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) of Pakistan, India, and Ceylon, with keys to subgenera and species. Acarologia, 6, 257 - 286." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C6069FFBF4947A2003B1EF8D3" author="Starkov" box="[636,800,1871,1897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Starkov, O. A. (1972) Hyalomma (Hyalommina) kumari Sharif, 1928 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) - a new species of bloodsucking tick for fauna of the USSR. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoi SSR, Otdelenie Biologicheskikh Nauk, 1, 73 - 75. (in Russian)" type="journal article" year="1972">Starkov 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C6069FFBF4816A2003C4FF8D3" author="Hoogstraal" box="[813,1137,1871,1897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Valdez, R. (1980) Ticks (Ixodoidea) from wild sheep and goats in Iran and medical and veterinary implications. Fieldiana Zoology, 6, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1980">Hoogstraal &amp; Valdez 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B1C6069FFBF4F45A20038E8F835" author="Geevarghese" pageId="21" pageNumber="55" refString="Geevarghese, G. &amp; Dhanda, V. (1987) The Indian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India, 119 pp." type="book" year="1987">Geevarghese &amp; Dhanda 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Upon revising the 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E6069FFBF4AF8A23A3A7AF834" box="[451,580,1909,1934]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4AF8A23A3A7AF834" box="[451,580,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Hyalomma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collection of the USNTC we found a collection lot containing 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E6069FFBF4E1EA23A3DA2F834" box="[1317,1436,1909,1934]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4E1EA23A3DA2F834" box="[1317,1436,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">H. kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF4BE7A2D3392DF80C" box="[220,275,1948,1974]" name="Iran" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Iran</collectingCountry>
: RML 98817 (HH 54068), 
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD646069FFBF4952A2D33ADBF80C" box="[617,741,1948,1974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF49C9A2D33B16F80C" box="[754,808,1948,1974]" name="Iran" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D6069FFBF480DA2D33B51F80C" box="[822,879,1948,1974]" name="Iran" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Fars</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CC19B086069FFBF4847A2D33BD1F80C" box="[892,1007,1948,1974]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4717696" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" unit="mi" value="3.4">3.4 miles</quantity>
North of Bastak, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E6069FFBF4FC3A2D33936F866" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hircus" subSpecies="aegagrus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF6069FFBF4FC3A2D33936F866" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Capra hircus aegagrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FF87102D6069FFBF4A23A28D3A36F866" box="[280,520,1986,2012]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" value="1968-11-20">20 November 1968</date>
, R.W. Rust leg. Previously both females had been incorrectly identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC4BACA5D73AEBFF08" authority="Schulze &amp; Schlottke, 1930" authorityName="Schulze &amp; Schlottke" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,725,152,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiaticum">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC4BACA5D739AFFF0B" box="[151,401,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">Hyalomma asiaticum</emphasis>
Schulze &amp; Schlottke, 1930
</taxonomicName>
; this is now the second record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC4F66A5D73CEAFF0B" box="[1117,1236,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC4F66A5D73CEAFF0B" box="[1117,1236,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">H. kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F32E767D606AFFBC4E27A5D73D71FF08" box="[1308,1359,152,178]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">Iran</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC4BFDA5F13949FF62" bold="true" box="[198,375,190,216]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">Identification.</emphasis>
The differential characters for identification of all stages of the life cycles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC4E44A5F03907FF44" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipunctata">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC4E44A5F03907FF44" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">H. brevipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC4A7CA5AA39F3FF44" box="[327,461,229,254]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hussaini">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC4A7CA5AA39F3FF44" box="[327,461,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">H. hussaini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC493EA5AA3A42FF44" box="[517,636,229,254]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC493EA5AA3A42FF44" box="[517,636,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">H. kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are summarized in 
<tableCitation id="C6BB0356606AFFBC4858A5AA3B85FF45" box="[867,955,229,255]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="22.[151,239,309,333]" captionText="TABLE 1. Differential taxonomic characters for H. brevipunctata, H. hussaini and H. kumari." pageId="22" pageNumber="53">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF466665606AFFBC4BACA47A3CBAFEF7" box="[151,1156,309,333]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC4BACA47A3CBAFEF7" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" box="[151,1156,309,333]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC4BACA47A3936FEF7" bold="true" box="[151,264,309,333]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Differential taxonomic characters for 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC4998A4793B68FEF7" box="[675,854,310,333]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipunctata">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC4998A4793B68FEF7" box="[675,854,310,333]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">H. brevipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC485FA4793BE3FEF7" box="[868,989,310,333]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hussaini">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC485FA4793BE3FEF7" box="[868,989,310,333]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">H. hussaini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC4F2AA4793C43FEF7" box="[1041,1149,310,333]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC4F2AA4793C43FEF7" box="[1041,1149,310,333]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">H. kumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC4BA4A4273C7DFEC7" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" box="[159,1091,360,381]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">Character Tick species and stage of development</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC49EAA4DE3B3CFE77" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B94DEAFF606AFFBC49EAA4DE3D19FE1C" box="[721,1319,401,422]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC49EAA4DE3B4CFE1C" box="[721,882,401,422]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipunctata">H. brevipunctata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC48F0A4DE3C07FE1C" box="[971,1081,401,422]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hussaini">H. hussaini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D6E606AFFBC4FFEA4DE3D19FE1C" box="[1221,1319,401,422]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumari">H. kumari</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Male
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC4BA4A4AF3D4BFDD7" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">1. Conscutum – avg. length × width (their ratio) 2.52 × 1.48 (1.70) 2.65 × 1.65 (1.61) 2.68 × 1.52 (1.76) 2. Conscutum – width Relatively broad Relatively broad Narrow 3. Conscutum – color Red-brown Red-brown Yellow-brown 4. Punctations on conscutum Dense Sparse Moderately sparse</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC49EAA7CF3B29FD2F" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" box="[721,791,640,661]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">Female</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC4BA4A7E73DB9FCE7" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">1. Scutum – avg. length × width (their ratio) 1.78 × 1.64 (1.08) 1.75 × 1.69 (1.03) 1.74 × 1.55 (1.13) 2. Conscutum – color Red-brown Red-brown Yellow-brown 3. Punctations of scutum Dense Sparse Moderately sparse 4. Genital operculum Narrow U-shaped Broad U-shaped Narrow U-shaped 5. Pre-atrial fold of genital operculum Humped anteriorly and Humped anteriorly and Humped throughout</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC49EAA6293B27FC19" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">sloping posteriorly sloping posteriorly its length Nymph</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC4BA4A6F93CD7FC49" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">1. Scutum – avg. length × width (their ratio) 609 × 512 (1.19) 487 × 494 (0.99) 510 × 463 (1.10) 2. Scutum – avg. length of posterior part 230 156 165</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC4BA4A1493B37FA39" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">3. Scutum – avg. ratio width to length of posterior part 2.23 3.16 2.81 4. Gnathosoma – avg. length × width (their ratio) 402 × 346 (1.16) 351 × 313 (1.12) 365 × 316 (1.16) 5. Palpi – avg. length × width (their ratio) 168 × 47 (3.57) 158 × 47 (3.37) 146 × 46 (3.42) 6. Hypostome – avg. length × width (their ratio) 182 × 44 (4.14) 165 × 52 (3.18) 170 × 44 (3.87) 7. Scutum posteriolateral margin Without depressions With depressions With depressions 8. Lateral saliences of basis capituli ventrally Without spur With spur Without spur 9. Hypostome Tapering at apex Blunt at apex Blunt at apex 10. Number of denticles in median file of hypostome 7 7 or 8 8 or 9 11. Spur of coxae II Moderate Large Moderate Larva</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC4BA4A0D93CE3FA69" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">1. Scutum – avg. length × width (their ratio) 233 × 317 (0.74) 223 × 325 (0.69) 225 × 323 (0.69) 2. Scutum – avg. length of posterior part 57 53 52</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636ED606AFFBC4BA4A0A93CC3F979" blockId="22.[151,1415,309,1731]" pageId="22" pageNumber="53">3. Scutum – avg. ratio width to length of posterior part 5.52 6.15 6.25 4. Gnathosoma – avg. length × width (their ratio) 153 × 157 (0.98) 147 × 158 (0.93) 159 × 158 (1.01) 5. Palpi – avg. length × width (their ratio) 112 × 36 (3.12) 109 × 33 (3.26) 111 × 32 (3.42) 6. Hypostome – avg. length × width (their ratio) 86 × 21 (4.12) 86 × 22 (3.80) 90 × 21 (4.17) 7. Genu – avg. length × width (their ratio) 128 × 44 (2.95) 120 × 44 (2.69) 121 × 43 (2.83) 8. Number of denticles in median file of hypostome 6 6 7 or 8</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>