209 lines
19 KiB
XML
209 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.049.0210" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7917381" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683578209636" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2008" docId="039087DEFF896D77BC0C990B6757A91D" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.49.2.171-226.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 49 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0210" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trichardis indica Londt 2008, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="209" masterDocId="FFA9FFA6FFAC6D51BE01987D6467AB6A" masterDocTitle="A review of Afrotropical Trichardis Hermann, 1906, and the description of the first Oriental representative of the genus (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)" masterLastPageNumber="171" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="208" updateTime="1683695595129" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of Afrotropical Trichardis Hermann, 1906, and the description of the first Oriental representative of the genus (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>49</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>171</mods:start>
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<mods:end>171</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0210</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.049.0210</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7917381</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911011" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7911011" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFF896D77BC0C990B6757A91D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087DEFF896D77BC0C990B6757A91D" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<subSubSection box="[525,798,374,399]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[525,798,374,399]" box="[525,798,374,399]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<heading box="[525,798,374,399]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Londt, 2008" authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[525,731,374,399]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[525,731,374,399]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Trichardis indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[738,798,374,399]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[599,724,415,440]" box="[599,724,415,440]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<figureCitation box="[599,724,415,440]" captionStart="Figs 53–56" captionStartId="53.[181,220,1145,1165]" captionTargetBox="[222,1118,407,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-10@53.[222,1118,407,1090]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figs 53–56. Trichardis species, male genitalia: (53, 54) lateral and ventral of T. zinidi sp. n., holotype; (55, 56) lateral and ventral of T. indica sp. n., holotype. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7917401/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Figs 55, 56</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[181,777,458,483]" box="[181,777,458,483]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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Etymology: Named after the country of origin,
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<collectingCountry box="[712,773,458,483]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[181,1142,501,622]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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Description (based mainly on
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<typeStatus box="[516,617,501,526]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">holotype</typeStatus>
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, that is in fair condition, but some details taken from
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<typeStatus box="[245,345,533,558]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">paratype</typeStatus>
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; the
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<typeStatus box="[401,499,533,558]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">holotype</typeStatus>
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is missing both mesothoracic legs and parts of the right metathoracic leg, mesonotum and scutellum appear to have been eaten away by dermestid beetles; the
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<typeStatus box="[315,411,597,622]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">paratype</typeStatus>
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is in fair condition although somewhat ‘greasy’):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[181,1142,639,792]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis box="[181,242,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Head</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown, extensively dull silver pruinose except for central face, setae pale yellow and white. Antennae red-brown, pale yellow setose except for a few black setae on pedicel; postpedicel elongate spindle-shaped (L:D=3.7:1), with few pale setulae dorsally. Mystax pale yellowish, fairly well-developed. Ocellar tubercle with 2 strong pale yellowish macrosetae. Occipital setae whitish. Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[181,1142,810,1670]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis box="[181,262,810,834]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown, largely apruinose with dull silver pruinose parts, fine setae yellowish, more major setae shiny yellowish. Postpronotum largely apruinose except for narrow medial part, mesonotum largely apruinose except for margins, macrosetae shiny pale yellow, setulae yellowish. Scutellum dark red-brown, apruinose except for anterior margin.Anepisternum with slender pale yellow posterior macroseta, extensively pruinose except anteroventrally. Proepimeron anteriorly pruinose, posteriorly apruinose; katepisternum posteriorly pruinose, anteriorly apruinose; anepisternum largely apruinose. Legs: Orange-brown, pulvilli and empodium of similar length. Hind femur uniformly orange-brown, length:height ratio 3.6:1, ventral tubercles poorly developed, major setae pale yellowish. Hind tibia lacking ventrodistal spur. Wing: 4.0×
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<quantity box="[912,1000,1095,1123]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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. Costal vein extends around most of wing margin, weakly along anal cell, absent from alula. Wing membrane extensively microtrichose—discal cell microtrichose, except for tiny proximal part, cell r
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<subScript attach="left" box="[296,304,1211,1225]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">5</subScript>
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microtrichose, but weakly so proximally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[181,1142,810,1670]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis box="[181,285,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Abdomen</emphasis>
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(entire abdomen macerated):Terga red-brown with orange-brown central parts, apruinose, setae transparent yellowish. T2 orange-brown, apruinose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[181,1142,810,1670]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis box="[208,225,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">ơ</emphasis>
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genitalia (
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<figureCitation box="[340,468,1299,1324]" captionStart="Figs 53–56" captionStartId="53.[181,220,1145,1165]" captionTargetBox="[222,1118,407,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-10@53.[222,1118,407,1090]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figs 53–56. Trichardis species, male genitalia: (53, 54) lateral and ventral of T. zinidi sp. n., holotype; (55, 56) lateral and ventral of T. indica sp. n., holotype. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7917401/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Figs 55, 56</figureCitation>
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): Epandrium in lateral view slightly shorter than basal part of gonocoxite (i.e. excluding distal projection of gonocoxite and gonostylus). Proctiger small, moderately dorsoventrally compressed. Hypandrium greatly reduced and simple. Gonocoxite in lateral view somewhat extended proximally and tip somewhat clavate, in ventral view without median projections distally and with long mediodistal setae; mediodistal projection moderately developed with pointed distal end. Gonostylus uniquely shaped—fairly broad basal part, in lateral view, with a long slender subapically positioned dorsal projection that projects out to a similar degree to mediodistal lobe of gonocoxite. Aedeagal prongs more or less straight, with small terminal tubules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[181,1142,810,1670]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Museum Paris & Inde & P. Caius" country="India" elevation="1500" latitude="26.933332" location="Region Himalayenne" longLatPrecision="1239" longitude="80.3" municipality="Kurseong" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[181,269,1594,1614]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry box="[278,346,1594,1614]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis box="[353,367,1594,1613]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">ơ</emphasis>
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‘
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFF896D77BC0C990B6757A91D:8EE66013FF896D74BF799E47665BAD24" box="[376,572,1594,1614]" country="India" latitude="26.933332" longLatPrecision="1239" longitude="80.3" municipality="Kurseong" name="Region Himalayenne" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Region Himalayenne</location>
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/
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<collectingMunicipality box="[589,677,1594,1614]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Kurséong</collectingMunicipality>
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[
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<geoCoordinate box="[688,767,1591,1614]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" precision="925" value="26.933332">26°56'N</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate box="[770,845,1591,1614]" degrees="80" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" precision="925" value="80.3">80°18'E</geoCoordinate>
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] (
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<quantity box="[863,933,1594,1614]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="1500.0">
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<elevation box="[863,933,1594,1614]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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alt.)’, ‘
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<collectorName box="[996,1129,1594,1614]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Museum Paris</collectorName>
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/
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<collectorName box="[181,221,1618,1638]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Inde</collectorName>
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/
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<collectorName box="[239,313,1618,1638]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">P. Caïus</collectorName>
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1924’ (
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<collectionCode box="[381,456,1618,1638]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">MNHN</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[181,1142,810,1670]" box="[181,513,1650,1670]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">
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<typeStatus box="[181,264,1650,1670]" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis box="[273,354,1650,1670]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="208">1^same</emphasis>
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data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="38.[144,1104,204,631]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1937-04" collectingDateMax="1937-05-31" collectingDateMin="1937-04" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Note & While I & B. M. - C. M. Expdn." country="India" latitude="11.033334" location="South" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="76.98333" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" specimenCount="1">
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<collectorName box="[144,192,204,224]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">Note</collectorName>
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: I have seen and recorded below another specimen from
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<collectingCountry box="[711,758,204,224]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">India</collectingCountry>
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that was not available at the time this description was drafted.
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<collectorName box="[373,445,228,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">While I</collectorName>
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list it here, it has no
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<typeStatus box="[652,691,228,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">type</typeStatus>
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status and indeed needs to be confirmed as belonging to
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<emphasis box="[263,349,253,273]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[263,344,253,273]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">T. indica</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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1
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<emphasis box="[366,380,253,272]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">ơ</emphasis>
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‘Coimbatore [
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<geoCoordinate box="[512,589,250,273]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" precision="925" value="11.033334">11°02'N</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate box="[592,669,250,273]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" precision="925" value="76.98333">76°59'E</geoCoordinate>
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] / S.
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<collectingCountry box="[715,762,252,272]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">India</collectingCountry>
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15-iv-37’ ~ ‘
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<collectorName box="[879,1070,252,272]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">B.M. – C.M. Expdn.</collectorName>
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/ to
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DEFF896D77BC0C990B6757A91D:8EE66013FF8A6D77BE91996964A2AA42" box="[144,197,276,296]" country="India" latitude="11.033334" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="76.98333" name="South" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">South</location>
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<collectingCountry box="[202,252,276,296]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">India</collectingCountry>
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. /
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<date box="[271,425,276,296]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" value="1937-04" valueMax="1937-05-31" valueMin="1937-04-00">
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<collectingDate box="[271,425,276,296]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" value="1937-04" valueMax="1937-05-31" valueMin="1937-04-00">April–May 1937</collectingDate>
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</date>
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’ (
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<collectionCode box="[440,513,276,296]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">BMNH</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="38.[144,1104,204,631]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">
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Distribution and biology: The species is known with certainty from the
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<typeStatus box="[963,1011,310,335]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">type</typeStatus>
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locality only. Phenology is uncertain, but a specimen that may be conspecific was collected in April. Nothing is known of its biology.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="38.[144,1104,204,631]" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">
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Similar species: This species is of particular interest as it is clearly morphologically most similar to the group of Afrotropical species that has here been called the ‘
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<taxonomicName box="[1012,1104,446,470]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">
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<emphasis box="[1012,1104,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">cribrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group’. The group is made up of eight species, including
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[839,908,478,502]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis box="[839,908,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the following African taxa—
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<emphasis box="[313,956,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[313,432,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipala">crassipala</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[447,541,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">cribrata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[555,657,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburacta">eburacta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[671,770,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperia">hesperia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[784,869,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malawi">malawi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[883,956,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">similis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[1016,1104,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[1016,1100,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spicata">spicata</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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These are generally small, darkly sclerotised species with entirely microtrichose wings. They are difficult to key without reference to the male genitalia that serve to easily separate the species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2008" box="[378,476,606,630]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis box="[378,476,606,630]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="209">T. indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has distinctive male genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |