treatments-xml/data/03/90/87/039087D1CA1C5338FD6ACC1729630AA8.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329166" ID-GBIF-Dataset="263ee2d7-d5c8-44d7-8285-e181f518f4df" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193858285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329166" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1646328299662" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Vorontsova, MS, Christenhusz, MJM, Kirika, P &amp; Muthoka, P" docDate="2010" docId="039087D1CA1C5338FD6ACC1729630AA8" docLanguage="en" docName="SystBot.35.4.894-906.pdf" docOrigin="Systematic Botany 35 (4)" docTitle="Solanum phoxocarpum Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="904" masterDocId="FFA9FFA9CA155332FF87CE372C370F23" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Solanum from Kenya: using herbarium specimens to document environmental change." masterLastPageNumber="906" masterPageNumber="894" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" updateTime="1646868092134" updateUser="admin">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Three new species of Solanum from Kenya: using herbarium specimens to document environmental change.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vorontsova, MS</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, U. K.; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.vorontsova@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Christenhusz, MJM</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>EaDepartment of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, U. K.; Botanical Garden and Herbarium, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kirika, P</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill Road, P. O. Box 45166, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Muthoka, P</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill Road, P. O. Box 45166, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematic Botany</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2010-10-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>35</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>894</mods:start>
<mods:end>906</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1600/036364410X539943</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">263ee2d7-d5c8-44d7-8285-e181f518f4df</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6326031</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329166" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193858285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087D1CA1C5338FD6ACC1729630AA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087D1CA1C5338FD6ACC1729630AA8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="904" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">
<subSubSection box="[749,1204,544,566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="9.[749,1404,544,684]" box="[749,1204,544,566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">
<taxonomicName authority="Voronts." authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[749,1110,544,566]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoxocarpum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[749,1009,544,566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">Solanum phoxocarpum</emphasis>
Voronts.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1122,1204,545,566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="903" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="9.[749,1404,544,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">
—TYPE: 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3697999306" collectingDate="1969-11-02" collectionCode="EA" collectorName="P. G. Greenway &amp; Kanuri" country="Kenya" location="Lake Naivasha to the Enesambulai Valley, on the crest of the Western Rift Wall" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Masai Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry box="[1307,1395,544,565]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">KENYA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion box="[797,968,573,595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">Masai Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingRegion box="[983,1143,573,595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">Narok District</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087D1CA1C5338FD6ACC1729630AA8:8EE6601CCA1C533BFB02CC0A29450D52" country="Kenya" name="Lake Naivasha to the Enesambulai Valley, on the crest of the Western Rift Wall" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" stateProvince="Masai Province">Lake Naivasha to the Enesambulai Valley, on the crest of the Western Rift Wall</location>
, 
<collectingDate box="[797,926,632,654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">
<date box="[797,926,632,654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" value="1969-11-02">2 Nov 1969</date>
</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis box="[941,1279,632,654]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">
<collectorName box="[941,1208,633,654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">P. G. Greenway &amp; Kanuri</collectorName>
13869
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus box="[1297,1400,632,654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[797,836,662,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">EA</collectionCode>
!;
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus box="[849,929,661,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">isotype</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCode box="[939,1073,662,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">K000441270</specimenCode>
!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="904" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="9.[749,1398,704,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">
Species 
<emphasis box="[856,1020,704,725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">Solano aculeastri</emphasis>
Dunal similis sed foliis caulium fertilium subintegris (nec lobatis), 6–8 cm tantum (nec 8–15 cm) longis et 2.5plo (nec 1.5–2plo) longioribus quam latioribus, floribus lilaciniis (nec plerumque albidiis), baccis conicis (nec plerumque globosis neque ellipsoideis) et duplo (nec minus quam duplo) longioribus quam latioribus differt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[749,1398,704,1958]" lastBlockId="10.[53,702,118,1947]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="904" pageId="9" pageNumber="903">
Erect shrub to small tree, 1–3(–6) m, armed, much branched at base; young stems long and slender, densely stellatepubescent; trichomes multangulate, white-translucent, irregular and densely matted, sessile, the rays 11–16, 0.1–0.2 mm, the midpoints same length as the rays or up to 0.8 mm long; prickles 6–15 mm long, 2–7 mm wide at the widest point, straight or curved, rounded to flattened, orange-brown; main branches up to 20 cm in diam at base, glabrous to glabrescent in patches; bark smooth red-brown to almost white. Sympodial units appearing plurifoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, the blades on fertile branches 6–8 × 2.5–4 cm (larger on vegetative branches), ca. 2.5 times longer than wide, elliptic, chartaceous, drying strongly discolorous, reddish-green above, white-grey underneath, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially; trichomes porrect to multangulate, white-translucent, a mixture of sessile and stalked, the stalks ca. 0.1(–0.2) mm, the rays 11–16, 0.15–0.3 mm, the midpoints same length as the rays or up to 0.8 mm long, adaxially almost glabrous; the blades unarmed, sometimes with 1–2 straight prickles up to 5 mm long; midvein raised abaxially, sunk adaxially, the primary veins (4–)5–6 pairs, spreading at 30–45° to the midvein, the tertiary venation visible on both sides of the leaf; base cuneate, usually equal; margin subentire to weekly lobed, the lobes 1–2(–3) on each side, up to 0.5(–1.5) cm long, extending up to 1/3 of the distance to the midvein (larger on vegetativebranches), broadly rounded; apexacute; petiole 0.5– 0.9 cm, ca. 1/6orlessof theleaflength, unarmed.Inflorescences apparently terminal or lateral, 3–5.5 cm long, not branched, 1–7-flowered, with 1 flower open at a time, densely stellatepubescent, the trichomes often with elongated midpoints, unarmed; peduncle 0–0.6 cm long; rachis 0–0.3 cm long; pedicels 1.8–3 cm on long-styled flowers, 0.8–1.2 cm on shortstyled flowers, slender, articulated less than 0.5 mm from base, stellate-pubescent in patches, the trichomes often with elongated midpoints, sometimes with 1–2 prickles on long-styled flower pedicels; pedicel scars broad dark stumps, spaced 1– 2 mm apart. Buds ovoid to ellipsoid. Plants andromonoecious, with 1(–3) long-styled flowers at the base of the inflorescence, the flowers 5(–6)-merous. Calyx ca. 15 mm long on long-styled flowers, ca. 7 mm long on short-styled flowers, long-cupular, divided for ca. 2/3 of its length on long-styled flowers, for ca. 1/2 of its length on short-styled flowers, the lobes 7–10 × 2–3 mm in long-styled flowers, ca. 4 × 2 mm in short-styled flowers, mostly equal, sometimes with one lobe much longer than the others, long-deltoid, apically acute to apiculate, with no venation visible or a faint raised midvein, densely stellate-pubescent, unarmed or with up to 15 prickles to 5 mm long in long-styled flowers, unarmed in short-styled flowers. Corolla ca. 3 cm diam in long-styled flowers, ca. 1.7 cm diam in short-styled flowers, blue-mauve, drying orange-brown, slightly reflexed, stellate, lobed for 1/2–2/3 of its length, the lobes 10–15 × 4–5 mm in long-styled flowers, 6 × 3–4 mm in short-styled flowers, deltoid, with a dark midvein, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially, the trichomes porrect, irregular, orange-translucent, sessile, the rays 8–15, 0.1– 0.3 mm, undulate, the midpoints shorter than the rays, lengthening towards corolla lobe apices, mostly glabrous adaxially, the trichomes variously reduced and irregular. Stamens with the filament tube ca. 2 mm; free portion of the filaments ca. 1.2 mm; anthers 3.5–4 mm, free, equal, tapering, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening into longitudinal slits with age, the anther surface drying orange to red-brown. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm in diam, broad-ovoid, densely stellate-pubescent in the upper 1/5; style ca. 7 mm long on long-styled flowers, thick, dark brown, straight or almost straight, stellate-pubescent in the lower 1/3, exserted 3–4 mm beyond the anthers; stigma clavate, papillose. Fruit a conical berry, 1(–3) per infructescence, 2.8–3.7 × 1.8–2.2 cm, ca. two times longer than wide, apically pointed, retaining the same elongated pointed shape throughout development, the pericarp thin, usually smooth, sometimes warty, shiny, glabrous, with afewstellatetrichomes near the apex on immature fruit, evenly green when young, yellow at maturity, drying almost black when young and drying orange-brown at maturity; fruiting pedicels 2.5–4 cm long, 1.2–1.8 mm wide at base, woody, held erect becoming pendulous as the pedicel dries, usually with 2–10 prickles up to 7 mm long in the apical part; calyx sometimes accrescent to 2.5 cm long, covering 1/6–1/4(–1/2) of the mature fruit, not reflexed, with 0–10 prickles ca. 5 mm long. Seeds ca. 30 perberry, 4–4.5 × 3–4 × ca. 0.3 mm, flattened-reniform, almost round, often somewhat irregular in outline, brown to almost black, the surface smooth or with raised outlines of cells or small pits. 
<figureCitation box="[168,266,1438,1460]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[77,113,1870,1889]" captionTargetBox="[73,1377,115,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-35@5.[73,1377,115,1845]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG.3. Solanum phoxocarpum Voronts. sp. nov. A. Habit in flower. B. Flower. C. Flower and calyx. D. Underside of the leaf. E. Underside of leaf showing stellate trichomes. F. Stellate trichome. G. Habit in fruit. H. Fruit, longitudinal cross section. I. Seed. A, B, C, H drawn from field photographs of Vorontsova et al. 29. D, E, F, G drawn from herbarium specimen Verdcourt 3725. I drawn from herbarium specimen Frame 229. Scale bar: A = 2 cm; B, C, D, H = 3 cm; E, I = 2.5 mm; F = 0.5 mm; G = 2.5 cm. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6326037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6326037/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Figures 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[277,289,1437,1459]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[76,112,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[53,1398,115,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-267@7.[53,1398,115,1473]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. Three new species and their habitats in Kenya. A – D. Solanum polhillii Voronts. sp. nov. on Mount Suswa. E – H. Solanum phoxocarpum Voronts. sp. nov. in the Aberdare National Park. I – L. Solanum malindiense sp. nov. at the Mayungu beach. Photographs A – H by Maarten Christenhusz. Photographs I – L by Maria Vorontsova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6326041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6326041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">5</figureCitation>
E-H. 
<tableCitation box="[344,420,1438,1460]" captionStart="TABLE4" captionStartId="8.[77,135,1718,1737]" captionTargetBox="[53,701,1794,1940]" captionText="TABLE4. Diagnostic characters of Solanum phoxocarpum Voronts., sp. nov. Leaf characters refer to the leaves on fertile branches." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF46664FCA1D533AFFCAC8812E0E09C2" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" tableUuid="DF46664FCA1D533AFFCAC8812E0E09C2">Table 4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="904" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="10.[53,702,118,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[77,370,1466,1488]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Distribution and Habitat—</emphasis>
Endemic to the East African Rift Valley, including the Rift Valley Province, Central Province, and Masai Province in Kenya and Northern Province in Tanzania. Damp forest understorey or secondary scrub at 2,100–3,000 m altitude. 
<figureCitation box="[301,414,1584,1606]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[77,113,1475,1494]" captionTargetBox="[53,1397,115,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-254@3.[53,1397,115,1450]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG.1. Distribution of the three new species in Kenya and Tanzania. A. Solanum polhillii Voronts. sp. nov. B. Solanum phoxocarpum Voronts. sp. nov. C. Solanum malindiense Voronts. sp. nov. Collecting localities not visited are marked as black triangles. Collecting localities visited where the plants were not found are marked as red circles. Collecting localities visited where the plants were found are marked as green squares. Drawn by Paweł Ficinski." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6326033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6326033/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Figures 1B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[424,453,1584,1606]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[76,112,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[53,1398,115,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-267@7.[53,1398,115,1473]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. Three new species and their habitats in Kenya. A – D. Solanum polhillii Voronts. sp. nov. on Mount Suswa. E – H. Solanum phoxocarpum Voronts. sp. nov. in the Aberdare National Park. I – L. Solanum malindiense sp. nov. at the Mayungu beach. Photographs A – H by Maarten Christenhusz. Photographs I – L by Maria Vorontsova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6326041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6326041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">5E</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="904" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="10.[53,702,118,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[77,276,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Common Names—</emphasis>
Masai vernacular names are “Osigawai” and “Sigawet.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="904" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="10.[53,702,118,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[77,152,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Uses—</emphasis>
The plants are used for hedges and the fruit is eaten. Roots are boiled in water and the liquid is then mixed with broth and taken as a remedy for gonorrhoea. The ripe dry fruits are roasted and then ground to powder and mixed with butter to give to babies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="904" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="10.[53,702,118,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<emphasis box="[77,448,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[77,218,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Etymology—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[219,448,1819,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoxocarpum">Solanum phoxocarpum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
means “pointy-fruited solanum”, derived from the Greek “phoxos” meaning pointed or peaked and “karpos” meaning fruit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="904" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="10.[53,702,118,1947]" lastBlockId="10.[749,1403,116,1419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[85,287,1903,1923]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Specimens Examined—</emphasis>
KENYA.Central Province:Mount Kenya,10 Sep 1970, 
<emphasis box="[104,195,1927,1946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Archer 639</emphasis>
(EA); Limoru, 30 Aug 1939, 
<emphasis box="[449,537,1927,1946]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Bally 7438</emphasis>
(EA, K); Aberdare National Park, 23 Jun 1978, 
<emphasis box="[1012,1135,116,135]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Campbell s. n.</emphasis>
(EA); Mount Kenya, 22 Oct 1981, 
<emphasis box="[800,893,140,159]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Cheseny 61</emphasis>
(EA); Aberdare National Park, 1 Jan 1922, 
<emphasis box="[1271,1346,140,159]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Fries 632</emphasis>
(EA); Aberdare National Park, 7 Apr 1975, 
<emphasis box="[1067,1232,164,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<taxonomicName authority="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka, 2010" authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[1067,1125,165,183]" form="Hepper" pageId="10" pageNumber="906" rank="form" status="F. N.">Hepper</taxonomicName>
&amp; Field 4910
</emphasis>
(K); Mount Kenya, 15 Sep 1970, 
<emphasis box="[866,1092,188,208]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Kokwaro &amp; Mathenge 2340</emphasis>
(EA); Chogoria, 26 Oct 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Luke 681</emphasis>
(EA); Aberdare National Park, 4 km from Muringa to bridge towards the mooreland, 13 Mar 2007, 
<emphasis box="[1008,1186,236,255]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Mbale et al. NMK844</emphasis>
(K); Limoru, 4 Jul 1909, 
<emphasis box="[749,854,260,279]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Scheffler 306</emphasis>
(K); Mount Kenya, Naro Moru Track, 
<emphasis box="[1198,1352,260,279]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Verdcourt, B. 3725</emphasis>
(EA, K); Mount Kenya, mountain lodge near Nyeri, 6 Dec 1974, 
<emphasis box="[1257,1354,284,303]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Williams 63</emphasis>
(EA, K).Masai Province:Oldonyo Orok, 6 Dec 1944, 
<emphasis box="[1159,1245,308,327]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Bally 4141</emphasis>
(EA, K); Molo, 22 Feb 1951, 
<emphasis box="[834,944,332,351]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Gillett 43,551</emphasis>
(EA); Olokurto, Mau Area, 13 May 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Glover et al. 935</emphasis>
(EA, K). Rift Valley Province: Timbora, 25 Jul 1938, 
<emphasis box="[1231,1398,356,376]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Evans &amp; Erens 1468</emphasis>
(K); Kinangop, 11 Jul 1965, 
<emphasis box="[994,1106,380,399]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Gillett 16,766</emphasis>
(EA, K); Mau Narok, 5 Jul 1976, 
<emphasis box="[749,840,404,424]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Gitonga 61</emphasis>
(EA); near Timboroa, 2 km Sof equator, 27 Dec 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Robertson 4404</emphasis>
(K); Timboroa, by Londiani turning, Apr 1972, 
<emphasis box="[1201,1309,428,447]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Tweedie 4315</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[749,1403,116,1419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
TANZANIA. Northern Province: Ngorongoro Crater, 2,100 m, 16 Aug 1973, 
<emphasis box="[799,885,476,495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Frame 229</emphasis>
(EA, K); Ngorongoro Crater, 21 Jul 1968, 
<emphasis box="[1245,1347,476,495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<taxonomicName box="[1245,1302,476,495]" class="Actinopteri" family="Cottidae" genus="Gilbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gilbert</taxonomicName>
2994
</emphasis>
(EA); Ngorongoro Crater, 28 Jan 1965, 
<emphasis box="[1045,1150,500,519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Herlocker 12</emphasis>
(EA); Longido Mt, 2530 m, 8 Jul 1976, 
<emphasis box="[848,955,524,543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Paterson 146</emphasis>
(EA); Embagai, 5 Feb 1932, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Saint Claire Thompson 1255</emphasis>
(K). Tanga Province: Gologolo, 9 Jun 1958, 
<emphasis box="[1170,1261,548,567]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Mgaza 172</emphasis>
(EA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="904" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="10.[749,1403,116,1419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<emphasis box="[773,1093,576,597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[773,860,576,597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Notes—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[860,1093,576,597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoxocarpum">Solanum phoxocarpum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is a high-altitude species with unusual long and pointed fruit, subentire leaves, and mauve flowers. It is closely related to the widespread 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">S. aculeastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but lacks its strongly lobed leaves on fertile branches, the corolla is mauve, and less dissected. Both species are found in the habitat mosaics characteristic of the Kenyan Rift Valley and are found growing together in woodland above 2,100 m. Some populations of 
<taxonomicName box="[1079,1226,781,802]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeastrum">
<emphasis box="[1079,1226,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">S. aculeastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have long pointed fruit like that of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[868,1024,840,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoxocarpum">
<emphasis box="[868,1024,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">S. phoxocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as leaves that are less lobed than average, but these leaves are not as long and thin as those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[780,939,898,920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoxocarpum">
<emphasis box="[780,939,898,920]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">S. phoxocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and these plants have denser and longer indumentum. Morphology of 
<taxonomicName box="[1070,1215,928,949]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeastrum">
<emphasis box="[1070,1215,928,949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">S. aculeastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reminiscent of typical juvenile 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[924,1011,957,978]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[924,1011,957,978]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology with more leaf lobing and abundant prickles (
<bibRefCitation author="Roe, K. E." box="[1007,1108,986,1008]" firstAuthor="Roe" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" pagination="381 - 385" part="2" refId="ref12642" refString="Roe, K. E. 1966. Juvenile forms in Solanum mitlense and S. blodgettii (Solanaceae) and their importance in taxonomy. Sida 2: 381 - 385." title="Juvenile forms in Solanum mitlense and S. blodgettii (Solanaceae) and their importance in taxonomy" type="journal article" year="1966">Roe 1966</bibRefCitation>
), while the morphology of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[749,907,1016,1037]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoxocarpum">
<emphasis box="[749,907,1016,1037]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">S. phoxocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more similar to the typical mature 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[1311,1398,1016,1037]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1311,1398,1016,1037]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology with more entire leaves and fewer prickles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[749,1403,116,1419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vorontsova &amp; Christenhusz &amp; Kirika &amp; Muthoka" authorityYear="2010" box="[773,999,1074,1095]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoxocarpum">
<emphasis box="[773,999,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Solanum phoxocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the species designated as 
<taxonomicName authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Solanum aculeastrum</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
var. 1 by Polhill (in mss.), 
<taxonomicName authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Solanum aculeastrum</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
subsp. 1 by 
<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P. - M. L." box="[992,1129,1133,1155]" firstAuthor="Jaeger" journalOrPublisher="Birmingham, U. K.: University of Birmingham" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" refId="ref12109" refString="Jaeger, P. - M. L. 1985. Systematic studies in the genus Solanum in Africa. Ph. D. thesis. Birmingham, U. K.: University of Birmingham." title="Systematic studies in the genus Solanum in Africa" type="book" year="1985">Jaeger (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[1185,1331,1133,1155]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-K">
<emphasis box="[1185,1272,1133,1154]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Solanum</emphasis>
sp. K
</taxonomicName>
sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Agnew, A. D. Q. &amp; S. Agnew" box="[749,1048,1162,1185]" firstAuthor="Agnew" journalOrPublisher="Nairobi: East Africa Natural History Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" refId="ref11361" refString="Agnew, A. D. Q. and S. Agnew. 1994. Upland Kenya wildflowers: a flora of the ferns and herbaceous flowering plants of upland Kenya. Second edition. Nairobi: East Africa Natural History Society." title="Upland Kenya wildflowers: a flora of the ferns and herbaceous flowering plants of upland Kenya. Second edition" type="book" year="1994">Agnew and Agnew (1994)</bibRefCitation>
. Udo Dammer has also recognised the distinctness of these plants and annotated the sheet 
<emphasis box="[749,878,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Scheffler 306</emphasis>
(K) as “ 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dammer" box="[972,1398,1221,1243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sepiaceum" variety="fructile">
<emphasis box="[972,1167,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">Solanum sepiaceum</emphasis>
Dammer var. 
<emphasis box="[1328,1398,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">fructile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[749,845,1251,1272]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">verrucans</emphasis>
spec. nov.” in Dammer’shandwriting, with aprinted label “Brit. Uganda. Station Lamuru. Buschiges Hochland. b. c. 3,000 m”. This name does not seem to have been published and the specimen is not cited in the protologue of 
<taxonomicName authority="Dammer" authorityName="Dammer" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sepiaceum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="904">S. sepiaceum</emphasis>
Dammer
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Dammer, U." box="[921,1072,1368,1390]" firstAuthor="Dammer" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" pagination="57 - 60" part="38" refId="ref11643" refString="Dammer, U. 1905. Solanaceaeafricanae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 38: 57 - 60." title="Solanaceae africanae" type="journal article" year="1905">Dammer 1905</bibRefCitation>
). “Station Lamuru” most likely refers to Limuru in Kenya, Central Province (
<bibRefCitation author="Polhill, D." box="[1225,1352,1397,1419]" firstAuthor="Polhill" journalOrPublisher="London: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="10" pageNumber="904" refId="ref12519" refString="Polhill, D. 1988. Flora of Tropical East Africa: index of collecting localities. London: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." title="Flora of Tropical East Africa: index of collecting localities" type="book" year="1988">Polhill 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>