326 lines
36 KiB
XML
326 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E77550511F6E2EB7A6BB5F49FFBC7BF1">New specific synonymies and taxonomic notes on Neotropical black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) belonging to the subgenera Chirostilbia Enderlein, Hemicnetha Enderlein, Inaequalium Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, Psaroniocompsa Enderlein and Psilopelmia Enderlein</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E52E8C5ABBB1689339B3E02C45DF4A13">HERNÁNDEZ, LUIS MIGUEL</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C5884303361286B1ABD13B3A726DF8A">SHELLEY, ANTHONY JOHN</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4CE7BE2291D3F6873A34E662ACCA10F5">DE LUNA DIAS, ANTONIO PAULINO ANDRADE</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF89EF5E6E9AEDF5EB1694E21AF88064">MAIA-HERZOG, MARILZA</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2574B0F8CB5C0E54656D6F249245FA46">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4B767A2AB09051DA8F0278BF8ACBF08D">2007</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B8636A4E619A766FF65F8AEFD06DF36" blockId="10.[151,659,1837,1898]" box="[151,659,1837,1863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E619A766FF65F8AEFD06DF36" ID-CoL="8DXP7" authority="Lutz" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,659,1837,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E619A766FF65F8AEFD06DF36" bold="true" box="[151,659,1837,1863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E619A766FF65F8AEFE9BDF36" bold="true" box="[151,270,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E619A766FEEDF8AEFE26DF36" bold="true" box="[287,435,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E619A766FE36F8AEFDC7DF36" bold="true" box="[452,594,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rubrithorax</emphasis>
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Lutz
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C323652FE619A766FF65F8D3FEA0DF1B" box="[151,309,1872,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8636A4E619A766FF65F8D3FEA0DF1B" blockId="10.[151,659,1837,1898]" box="[151,309,1872,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13022A21E619A766FF6DF8D3FEB9DF1B" box="[159,300,1872,1898]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="65.[151,238,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[160,1419,216,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-84@65.[151,1436,197,1891]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 1. FIGURES 1–16. Colour patterns of the female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination. 1, 2: Thyrsopelma striginotum holotype; 3, 4: S. pillosum holotype; 5, 6: S. pillosum paratype; 7, 8: S. dekeyseri holotype; 9, 10: S. guarani holotype; 11, 12: S. acarayense holotype; 13, 14: S. mutucuna holotype; 15, 16: S. inaequale neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088019/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 13, 14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B8636A4E619A767FF65F823FA09D8DE" blockId="10.[151,1436,1951,2007]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,152,271]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB29118AE619A767FF65F823FA09D8DE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9810B5E619A766FF65F823FDABDFC6" author="Lutz, A." box="[151,574,1952,1975]" page="132" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E619A766FF65F823FDABDFC6" ID-CoL="8DXP7" authority="Lutz, 1909: 132" authorityName="Lutz" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,574,1952,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E619A766FF65F823FE14DFC6" box="[151,385,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Simulium rubrithorax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E619A766FE7EF823FDABDFC6" author="Lutz, A." box="[396,574,1952,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="124 - 146" refId="ref30555" refString="Lutz, A. (1909) Contribuicao para o conhecimento das especies brazileiras do genero " Simulium ". Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1, 124 - 146." type="journal article" year="1909">Lutz, 1909: 132</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54828806E619A766FDB9F823FD50DFC6" box="[587,709,1952,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D3FFD2DE619A766FD3DF81CFD74DFC0" box="[719,737,1951,1969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7634E619A766FD03F823FCC0DFC6" box="[753,853,1952,1975]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E619A766FC91F823FBA3DFC6" box="[867,1078,1952,1975]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
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, Juiz de Fora,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5063E619A766FB2FF823FAA5DFC6" box="[1245,1328,1952,1975]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-21.783333">21°47'S</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5063E619A766FAC8F823FA0DDFC6" box="[1338,1432,1952,1975]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-43.366665">43°22'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FF871064E619A766FF35F843FEA4DFA6" box="[199,305,1984,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1909-10-10">10.x.1909</date>
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(
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<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E619A766FEB8F843FE56DFA6" box="[330,451,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. Chagas</emphasis>
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||
) (IOC) [
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<typeStatus id="54828806E619A766FDC3F843FD1BDFA6" box="[561,654,1984,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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designation by
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810B5E619A766FCA1F843FB2ADFA6" author="Maia-Herzog, M. & Shelley, A. J. & Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R." box="[851,1215,1984,2007]" page="352" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E619A766FCA1F843FB2ADFA6" author="Maia-Herzog, M. & Shelley, A. J. & Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R." box="[851,1215,1984,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="341 - 356" refId="ref30661" refString="Maia-Herzog, M., Shelley, A. J., Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R. (1984) Comparacao entre Simulium brachycladum e S. rubrithorax, suas posicoes no subgenero Hemicnetha e notas sobre uma especie proxima, S. scutistriatum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 79, 341 - 356." type="journal article" year="1984">
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Maia-Herzog
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||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E619A766FC03F843FBA5DFA6" box="[1009,1072,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 1984: 352
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.] [
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<typeStatus id="54828806E619A766FB2DF843FAEFDFA6" box="[1247,1402,1984,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD2DE619A766FA78F83CFA09DFA0" box="[1418,1436,1983,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
designation by Vulcano (1958: 236) invalid as not from
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<typeStatus id="54828806E618A767FCEFFF1BFCE5D8DE" box="[797,880,152,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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series (see
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FC1EFF1BFB6BD8DE" author="Maia-Herzog, M. & Shelley, A. J. & Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R." box="[1004,1278,152,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="341 - 356" refId="ref30661" refString="Maia-Herzog, M., Shelley, A. J., Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R. (1984) Comparacao entre Simulium brachycladum e S. rubrithorax, suas posicoes no subgenero Hemicnetha e notas sobre uma especie proxima, S. scutistriatum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 79, 341 - 356." type="journal article" year="1984">
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Maia-Herzog
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||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FB72FF1BFB23D8DE" box="[1152,1206,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 1984
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).] [Examined.]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8636A4E618A767FF65FF3BFD91D97E" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,271]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB29118AE618A767FF65FF3BFD91D97E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9810B5E618A767FF65FF3BFCC6D8BE" author="Nunes de Mello, J. A. & Vieira da Silva, E." box="[151,851,184,207]" page="69" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1974">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FF65FF3BFCC6D8BE" ID-CoL="8DZ68" authority="Nunes de Mello & Vieira da Silva, 1974: 69" authorityName="Nunes de Mello & Vieira da Silva" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,851,184,207]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutucuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FF65FF3BFEF9D8BE" box="[151,364,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Simulium mutucuna</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B513CF9E618A767FE86FF3BFCC6D8BE" box="[372,851,184,207]" collectingDate="1972-12-12" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="Road BR" country="Brazil" location="Roraima State" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Roraima" typeStatus="holotype">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FE86FF3BFCC6D8BE" author="Nunes de Mello, J. A. & Vieira da Silva, E." box="[372,851,184,207]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="69 - 71" refId="ref30822" refString="Nunes de Mello, J. A. & Vieira da Silva, E. (1974) Simuliidae da Amazonia VIII. Descricao de Simulium mutucuna sp. n. (Diptera, Nematocera). Acta Amazonica, 4, 69 - 71." type="journal article" year="1974">Nunes de Mello & Vieira da Silva, 1974: 69</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828806E618A767FCAFFF3BFC7FD8BE" box="[861,1002,184,207]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD2DE618A767FC00FF34FB91D8B8" box="[1010,1028,183,201]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7634E618A767FBE3FF3BFBE0D8BE" box="[1041,1141,184,207]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FB72FF3BFA8ED8BE" box="[1152,1307,184,207]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Roraima State</collectingRegion>
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||
, Campinho,
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<collectorName id="26CC5372E618A767FF35FF5BFEB9D89E" box="[199,300,216,239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Road BR</collectorName>
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||
174 near Venezuela border, 73º, 10.00 hrs;
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<date id="FF871064E618A767FCE9FF5BFC03D89E" box="[795,918,216,239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1972-12-12">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFC3E98CE618A767FCE9FF5BFC03D89E" box="[795,918,216,239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1972-12-12">12.xii.1972</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, [Without collector’s name.] (INPA, no. 1002) [Examined.]
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<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FEA0FF74FD91D97E" bold="true" box="[338,516,247,271]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New synonymy.</emphasis>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636A4E618A767FF65FEC3FCDCDA3B" blockId="11.[151,1436,320,1346]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FF65FEC3FE0DD928" ID-CoL="8DXP7" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,408,320,345]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FF65FEC3FE0DD928" box="[151,408,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Simulium rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FD88FEC3FC92D92B" author="Lutz, A." box="[634,775,320,346]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="124 - 146" refId="ref30555" refString="Lutz, A. (1909) Contribuicao para o conhecimento das especies brazileiras do genero " Simulium ". Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1, 124 - 146." type="journal article" year="1909">Lutz (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from females collected in Serra da Bocaina at
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B41E618A767FAB3FEC3FA09D92B" box="[1345,1436,320,346]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
and in Batatães [now Batatais],
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FDD2FEEBFD77D9F3" box="[544,738,360,386]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7634E618A767FD00FEEBFCA8D9F3" box="[754,829,360,386]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In a subsequent paper
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FB90FEEBFB64D9F3" author="Lutz, A." box="[1122,1265,360,386]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="213 - 267" refId="ref30587" refString="Lutz, A. (1910) Segunda contribuicao para o conhecimento das especies brazileiras do genero " Simulium ". Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2, 213 - 267." type="journal article" year="1910">Lutz (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the larvae and pupae of this species from specimens collected in the Rio das Velhas near Lassance,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FB05FE13FA02D9DB" box="[1271,1431,400,426]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7634E618A767FF65FE3BFF77D9A3" box="[151,226,440,466]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The taxonomy of this species has been reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FCA7FE3BFB19D9A3" author="Maia-Herzog, M. & Shelley, A. J. & Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R." box="[853,1164,440,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="341 - 356" refId="ref30661" refString="Maia-Herzog, M., Shelley, A. J., Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R. (1984) Comparacao entre Simulium brachycladum e S. rubrithorax, suas posicoes no subgenero Hemicnetha e notas sobre uma especie proxima, S. scutistriatum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 79, 341 - 356." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
Maia-Herzog
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FC0BFE3BFBB9D9A0" box="[1017,1068,440,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1984)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who also designated a pinned female from Juiz de Fora in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FDB7FE63FCBFD98B" box="[581,810,480,506]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828806E618A767FC9CFE63FC5BD98B" box="[878,974,480,506]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The pinned female is deposited in the IOC collection and is in relatively good condition, except that the antennae are missing. One wing and one hind leg are mounted on a slide (see
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FDB6FDACFCADDA38" bold="true" box="[580,824,559,585]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C323652FE618A767FF35FDDBFC3EDD33" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636A4E618A767FF35FDDBFA1ADC5B" blockId="11.[151,1436,320,1346]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
In 1987 Coscarón suggested the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FD10FDDBFA91DA03" authority="Nunes de Mello & Vieira da Silva" authorityName="Nunes de Mello & Vieira da Silva" box="[738,1284,600,626]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutucuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FD10FDDBFD64DA00" box="[738,753,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FD0CFDDBFCE4DA00" box="[766,881,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mutucuna</emphasis>
|
||
Nunes de Mello & Vieira da Silva
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[as Nunes & Silva], 1974 with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FE98FD03FE43DAE8" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1942" box="[362,470,640,665]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FE98FD03FE43DAE8" box="[362,470,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. paynei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FDC3FD03FC1EDAEB" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M." box="[561,907,640,666]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref28926" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (1997) A new taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1997">Crosskey and Howard (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FC29FD03FBFEDAE8" box="[987,1131,640,665]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutucuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FC29FD03FBFEDAE8" box="[987,1131,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. mutucuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a possible synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FF65FD2BFEABDAB0" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,318,680,705]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FF65FD2BFEABDAB0" box="[151,318,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Coscarón & Coscarón-Ariass (2007) placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FCABFD2BFC7FDAB0" box="[857,1002,680,705]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutucuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FCABFD2BFC7FDAB0" box="[857,1002,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. mutucuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a doubtful synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FAC2FD2BFA09DAB0" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1942" box="[1328,1436,680,705]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FAC2FD2BFA09DAB0" box="[1328,1436,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. paynei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vargas.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FF06FD53FE4BDA98" box="[244,478,720,745]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutucuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FF06FD53FE4BDA98" box="[244,478,720,745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Simulium mutucuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by the original authors from a single black female “attacking man” in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FF49FD7BFEF9DB63" box="[187,364,760,786]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Roraima State</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It is morphologically identical with both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FC77FD7BFBA7DB60" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[901,1074,760,785]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FC77FD7BFBA7DB60" box="[901,1074,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FB8AFD7BFB7FDB60" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1942" box="[1144,1258,760,785]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FB8AFD7BFB7FDB60" box="[1144,1258,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. paynei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but its black coloration puts it closer to
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FE11FCA3FDCCDB48" box="[483,601,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FE11FCA3FDC3DB48" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1942" box="[483,598,800,825]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">S. paynei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FD96FCA3FBA4DB4B" author="Py-Daniel, V. & Moreira Sampaio, R. T." box="[612,1073,800,826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="117 - 121" refId="ref31488" refString="Py-Daniel, V. & Moreira Sampaio, R. T. (1995) Generos e especies de Simuliidae (Diptera: Culicimorpha) assinalados para o Brasil ate 1995. Entomologia y Vectores, 5, 117 - 121." type="journal article" year="1995">Py-Daniel & Moreira Sampaio (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FB74FCA3FA8FDB48" box="[1158,1306,800,825]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutucuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FB74FCA3FA8FDB48" box="[1158,1306,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. mutucuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FE46FCCBFDD7DB10" box="[436,578,840,865]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FE46FCCBFDD7DB10" box="[436,578,840,865]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[regarded by them as a genus]. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828806E618A767FC07FCCBFBC9DB13" box="[1013,1116,840,866]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE61E618A767FB5DFCCBFB65DB13" box="[1199,1264,840,866]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||
collection has been examined. It is in good condition with only the right antenna missing. The following parts have been removed from it and mounted on two slides numbered 5042A and 5042B: right wing, a basitarsus and one maxillary palp (see
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FE7BFC3CFD15DBA8" bold="true" box="[393,640,959,985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
). The brownish black coloration of the thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A21E618A767FB3BFC43FACADBAB" box="[1225,1375,960,986]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="65.[151,238,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[160,1419,216,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-84@65.[151,1436,197,1891]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 1. FIGURES 1–16. Colour patterns of the female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination. 1, 2: Thyrsopelma striginotum holotype; 3, 4: S. pillosum holotype; 5, 6: S. pillosum paratype; 7, 8: S. dekeyseri holotype; 9, 10: S. guarani holotype; 11, 12: S. acarayense holotype; 13, 14: S. mutucuna holotype; 15, 16: S. inaequale neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088019/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), leg coloration and wing setation fall within the morphological variation found in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FB27FC6BFAE9DC70" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[1237,1404,1000,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FB27FC6BFAE9DC70" box="[1237,1404,1000,1025]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7634E618A767FF65FB93FF77DC5B" box="[151,226,1040,1066]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Hence, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FE29FB93FDFEDC58" box="[475,619,1040,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutucuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FE29FB93FDFEDC58" box="[475,619,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. mutucuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FCC9FB93FC75DC58" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[827,992,1040,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FCC9FB93FC75DC58" box="[827,992,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and so it falls as its junior synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636A4E618A767FF35FBBBFC3EDD33" blockId="11.[151,1436,320,1346]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7634E618A767FF1BFBBBFEA1DC23" box="[233,308,1080,1106]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FEB3FBBBFE7CDC20" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[321,489,1080,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FEB3FBBBFE7CDC20" box="[321,489,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FCE5FBBBFC07DC23" box="[791,914,1080,1106]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FC52FBBBFC72DC23" box="[928,999,1080,1106]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bahía</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FC07FBBBFBA9DC23" box="[1013,1084,1080,1106]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Goiás</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FBB8FBBBFB72DC23" box="[1098,1255,1080,1106]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FB07FBBBFA02DC23" box="[1269,1431,1080,1106]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FF65FBE3FE11DC0B" box="[151,388,1120,1146]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FE67FBE3FDDEDC0B" box="[405,587,1120,1146]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FDA9FBE3FD56DC0B" box="[603,707,1120,1146]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Roraima</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF846E618A767FCF9FBE3FC2EDC0B" box="[779,955,1120,1146]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FC3DFBE3FA8BDC0B" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M." box="[975,1310,1120,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref28967" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (2004) A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 82 pp. [web version: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / entomology / projects / blackflies / Inventory. pdf] [Last accessed 27 December 2006.]" type="book" year="2004">Crosskey & Howard, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FADDFBDCFE83DCD0" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FEC7FB0BFDAFDCD0" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[309,570,1160,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FEC7FB0BFDAFDCD0" box="[309,570,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Simulium rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is commonly found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7634E618A767FC9DFB0BFC22DCD3" box="[879,951,1160,1186]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
where it breeds in fast flowing water (waterfall); larvae and pupae are found in rapids attached to rocks often in large numbers. In the Amazonia onchocerciasis focus it is probably zoophilic where it bites horses and most probably cattle. Yanomami Indians use larvae of this species as a food source (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FD04FA83FBD5DD6B" author="Shelley, A. J. & Luna Dias, A. P. A." box="[758,1088,1280,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="44" refId="ref32015" refString="Shelley, A. J. & Luna Dias, A. P. A. (1989) First report of man eating blackflies (Dipt., Simuliidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 125, 44." type="journal article" year="1989">Shelley & Luna Dias, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A full description of all life stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D27E618A767FEF7FAABFE3EDD30" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[261,427,1320,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FEF7FAABFE3EDD30" box="[261,427,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B55E618A767FD82FAABFC32DD33" author="Maia-Herzog, M. & Shelley, A. J. & Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R." box="[624,935,1320,1346]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="341 - 356" refId="ref30661" refString="Maia-Herzog, M., Shelley, A. J., Luna Dias, A. P. A. & Malaguti, R. (1984) Comparacao entre Simulium brachycladum e S. rubrithorax, suas posicoes no subgenero Hemicnetha e notas sobre uma especie proxima, S. scutistriatum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 79, 341 - 356." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
Maia-Herzog
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAB6E618A767FCE1FAABFCD8DD30" box="[787,845,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1984)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |