238 lines
31 KiB
XML
238 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="5047146DA3519B73553A50D149505391" ID-CLB-Dataset="74758" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6657019" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef29e3e6-8514-4647-be73-8ccb39b02e2d" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-89-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6657019" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1655475941675" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="03D2E067FFC0FFE8FA94F5096075FB21" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Galagidae_0184.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Otolemur crassicaudatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="208" masterDocId="FFEB981FFFCCFFE5FFD5FFE06A39FFCD" masterDocTitle="Galagidae" masterLastPageNumber="209" masterPageNumber="184" pageNumber="207" updateTime="1699339391385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6E25265AB897862D604E1FE675BD6B5D">Galagidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1935972822721FD13CBF329DCDD3F673" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E1261B363EA02A4AB91809535DA6BF5C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E0D137D094822FFC90E7F410B9170E0">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="02462559E1C670F399A4EC26E5A969CB">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D6488EDF1FF2A023CBA2EC091295543E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="F194812A803D57C0001A0BCF3367E9B4">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="642A6CA0475D94DAE9317F30962C4FBA">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="409196DC4F1033D8EE16CC5F83FD9073">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="188E17AEA9C3B9A25648736F003BDC78">
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<mods:title id="E152CABA9DF0AD66A52419D884CE2EDF">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="46808C31EABDF9ABFB5B9DF6778939C8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6657019</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D2E067FFC0FFE8FA94F5096075FB21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657003" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195955722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6657003" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2E067FFC0FFE8FA94F5096075FB21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D2E067FFC0FFE8FA94F5096075FB21" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FA94F5096F4EF4DA" box="[1345,1399,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FA94F5096F4EF4DA" blockId="12.[1340,2516,2793,2998]" box="[1345,1399,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FA94F5096F4EF4DA" box="[1345,1399,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<figureCitation id="13404DF4FFC0FFE9FA94F5096F4EF4DA" box="[1345,1399,2793,2839]" captionStart="Plate 14: Galagidae" captionStartId="2.[72,102,3363,3388]" captionTargetBox="[12,2699,16,3633]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Demidoft’s Dwart Galago (Galagoides demidouvi), 2. Thomas’s Dwarf Galago (Galagoides thomasi), 3. Mountain Dwarf Galago (Galagoudes orinus), 4. Rondo Dwart Galago (Galagoides rondoensis), 5. Mozambique Dwart Galago (Galagoides grant), 6. Kenya Coast Dwarf Galago (Galagoudes cocos), 7. Tanzania Coast Dwarf Galago (Galagoides zanzibaricus), 8. Northern Lesser Galago (Galago senegalensis), 9. Somali Lesser Galago (Galago gallarum), 10. Southern Lesser Galago (Galago moholi), 11. Spectacled Lesser Galago (Galago matschier), 12. Bioko Squirrel Galago (Sciurocheirus alleni), 13. Cross River Squirrel Galago (Sciurocheirus cameronensis), 14. Gabon Squirrel Galago (Sciurocheirus gabonensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6657071/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">17.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FA52F5096DF3F4DA" box="[1415,1994,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FA52F5096DF3F4DA" blockId="12.[1340,2516,2793,2998]" box="[1415,1994,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FA52F5096DF3F4DA" box="[1415,1994,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FA52F5096DF3F4DA" box="[1415,1994,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Thick-tailed Greater Galago</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9F7C0F50963F4F4DA" box="[2069,2509,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9F7C0F50963F4F4DA" blockId="12.[1340,2516,2793,2998]" box="[2069,2509,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9F7C0F50963F4F4DA" box="[2069,2509,2793,2839]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9F7C0F50963F4F4DA" ID-CoL="75DLX" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[2069,2509,2793,2839]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Otolemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9F7C0F50963F4F4DA" box="[2069,2509,2793,2839]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Otolemur crassicaudatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FAE8F4C96289F47E" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FAE8F4C96357F4F3" blockId="12.[1340,2516,2793,2998]" box="[1341,2414,2857,2878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FAE8F4C96357F4F3" box="[1341,2414,2857,2878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FAE8F4C96FB3F4F3" bold="true" box="[1341,1418,2857,2878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FA46F4C96C44F4F3" box="[1427,1661,2857,2878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Galago a queue touffue</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9F947F4C96CD4F4F3" bold="true" box="[1682,1773,2857,2878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F923F4C96DEDF4F3" box="[1782,2004,2857,2878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Gro3ohr-Riesengalago</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9F83CF4C9627AF4F3" bold="true" box="[2025,2115,2857,2878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F798F4C96357F4F3" box="[2125,2414,2857,2878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Galago mayor de cola gruesa</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FAE8F4B06289F47E" blockId="12.[1340,2516,2793,2998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FAE8F4B06289F47E" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FAE8F4B06C0AF4A8" bold="true" box="[1341,1587,2896,2917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F9E8F4B06D25F4A8" box="[1597,1820,2896,2917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Brown Greater Galago</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F8FFF4B0621BF4A8" box="[1834,2082,2896,2917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Garnett's Greater Galago</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F7E5F4B062DDF4A8" box="[2096,2276,2896,2917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Greater Bushbaby</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F727F4B063B0F4A8" box="[2290,2441,2896,2917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Greater Galago</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F642F4B06C2AF440" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Largeeared Greater Galago</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F9CAF4986382F440" box="[1567,2491,2936,2957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Thick-tailed Bushbaby; Miombo Silver Galago (monteiri); Northern Silver Galago (argentatus)</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FAE8F47E6D09F47E" box="[1341,1840,2974,2995]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">South African Thick-tailed Galago (crassicaudatus)</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9F8E8F47E6289F47E" box="[1853,2224,2974,2995]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Tanganyika Thick-Tailed Galago (kirkii)</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FAE9F40962FEF3CF" box="[1340,2247,3049,3074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FAE9F40962FEF3CF" blockId="12.[1339,2541,3040,3356]" box="[1340,2247,3049,3074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FAE9F4096FEFF3CF" bold="true" box="[1340,1494,3049,3074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FA32F40962FAF3CF" ID-CoL="7K59C" authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1812" box="[1511,2243,3049,3074]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">Galago crassicaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9F700F409626BF3E4" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9F700F409626BF3E4" blockId="12.[1339,2541,3040,3356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<materialsCitation id="3B135B2CFFC0FFE9F700F409626BF3E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3813040312" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">South Africa, Natal, Ngoye Forest, 15 km east of Eshowe, 28° 52’ S, 31° 37’ E.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE8FAE8F3CF6B8DFC8D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE8FAE8F3CF6B8DFC8D" blockId="12.[1339,2541,3040,3356]" lastBlockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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Some experts consider the subspecies monteiri and argentatus to be distinct species. The forms monteiri and kirkii hybridize in northern Mozambique and Zimbabwe, while the
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FAA6F39E6C44F352" box="[1395,1661,3198,3231]" form="crassicaudatus" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" rank="form">form crassicaudatus</taxonomicName>
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intergrades with monteiri in central Mozambique, Malawi, and Zimbabwe. Some taxonomic authorities argue that the subspecies monteiri can be split into two groups with the monteiri group present from Angola through the southern DR Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, northern Mozambique, Malawi, and southern Tanzania (Tabora). The distribution of the argentatus group is unclear, but it has been recorded from Rwanda, Kenya, and Tanzania. The review by P. Grubb and coworkers in 2003 regarded monteiri to be a valid species and divided it into two subspecies: monteiri and argentatus. Further research is clearly needed to verify the distinctiveness of monteiri from
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FBE8FDBC6ECFFDB4" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1812" box="[1085,1270,604,633]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">crassicaudatus</taxonomicName>
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at the species level. Patterns ofcalling in the two forms are almost identical, but morphology, including that of the penis, shows some variation. The subspecies monteiri is widely sympatric with
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FEA9FD1A6836FCDA" box="[380,527,762,791]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Otolemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garnettii">O. garnettii</taxonomicName>
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in north-eastern and south-eastern Tanzania. Four subspecies are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF0401F9FFC0FFE9FF91F28E697AF24A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6657074" box="[68,835,3438,3463]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6657074/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" startId="12.[68,98,3438,3463]" targetBox="[16,2700,14,3630]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF91F28E697AF24A" blockId="12.[65,2541,3418,3467]" box="[68,835,3438,3463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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On following pages: 18. Garnett’s Greater
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FDC3F28E6866F24A" box="[534,607,3438,3463]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FDA5F28E6901F24A" box="[624,824,3438,3463]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Otolemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garnettii">Otolemur garnettii</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FF76FCAA6E45FB6C" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="distribution">
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||
<caption id="DF0401F9FFC1FFE8FF76FCAA6E45FB6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6657065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6657065/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" targetBox="[165,745,300,704]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF76FCAA6808FCAA" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" box="[163,561,842,871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FF76FCAA6808FCAA" bold="true" box="[163,561,842,871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF73FC8C6ED0FC79" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FF73FC8C6ED0FC79" authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1812" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1812" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Otolemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicaudatus" subSpecies="crassicaudatus">O. c. crassicaudatusE. GeoffroySaint-Hilaire, 1812 — SMozambique (SoftheLimpopoRiver), SouthAfrica (Limpopo, Transvaal & NKwazulu-Natal), andSwaziland.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF73FC5E687AFBC9" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FF73FC5E687AFBC9" authority="Lonnberg, 1913" authorityName="Lonnberg" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Lonnberg" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Otolemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicaudatus" subSpecies="argentatus">O. c. argentatusLonnberg, 1913 — KenyaandTanzaniaaroundtheE & SEshoreofLakeVictoriaandpossiblyRwanda.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF73FBF2689DFB9F" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FF73FBF2689DFB9F" authority="Gray, 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Otolemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicaudatus" subSpecies="kirkii">O. c. kirkiiGray, 1865 — Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, andSouthAfrica (NorthernandTransvaalprovinces).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF73FB806E45FB6C" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FF73FB8068A8FBB4" authority="Bartlett in Gray, 1863" authorityName="Bartlett in Gray" authorityYear="1863" box="[166,657,1120,1145]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Otolemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicaudatus" subSpecies="monteiri">O. c. monteiri Bartlett in Gray, 1863</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Uganda, Burundi, S & E DR Congo, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, N Malawi, N Mozambique, and Botswana.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FF76FB466EBBF8A9" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF76FB466EBBF8A9" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FF76FB466BA3FB0A" bold="true" box="[163,410,1190,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 26-40 cm,tail 30-50 cm; weight 1.1-1.8 kg (males) and 1.2-1.5 kg (females). The Thick-tailed Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FCE3FB2E69AEFB22" box="[822,919,1230,1263]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the largest of the galagos. It is silvery-gray to brown above, with the face paler than the forehead. The tail is invariably long and bushy; the muzzle is long, broad, and dog-like; and ears are notably large, naked, membranous, and mobile. Face markings are indistinct or absent. Hindfeet are shortened, and distal ends of the nails are normally convex. Males are larger than females. The “South African Thick-tailed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FD3BFA726977FA7E" box="[750,846,1426,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (O. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FC68FA726E4FFA7E" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[957,1142,1426,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Otolemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">crassicaudatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is buffy on the mid-back and tail, with grayer flanks and a pale forehead. The underside is creamy. Hands and feet are dark except for the digits, and the tail is dark on the tip. Tail length is ¢.120-130% of the head—body length. The “Tanganyika Thick-Tailed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FB32F9E86F0EF9E4" box="[1255,1335,1544,1577]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
™ (O. c. kirkii) is brown to brownish-gray above and creamy (with slight yellowing) on the underside. The tail is light brown, and hands and feet are not very dark. The “Miombo Silver
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FF2FF99E6B60F952" box="[250,345,1662,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (O. c. monteiri) is very large, with notably long ears. It is pale silvery above and on the tail, with a grayish-white or creamy-yellow underside. Forehead is brown, and hands and feet are dark. The “Northern Silver
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FCACF92D69E1F923" box="[889,984,1741,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (O. c¢. argentatus) is generally similar to the Miombo Silver
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FDBAF91468EBF8D8" box="[623,722,1780,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but more grayish and with a darker forehead. The face is notably long, with a broad muzzle. Thetail is often nearly white, and hands and feet are dark. Melanistic (all black) individuals are quite common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FF70F8936F6CF720" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF70F8936F6CF720" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FF70F8936B2DF841" bold="true" box="[165,276,1907,1932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Gallery, light coastal, and montane forest, also savanna woodland (miombo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FF72F8716B7DF87F" box="[167,324,1937,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Brachystegia</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and bamboo thickets. The Thick-tailed Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FBC6F8716E4DF87F" box="[1043,1140,1937,1970]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
has adapted to farmland and garden orchards, timber plantations, and wattle forests. It occurs up to 1800 m above sea level in eastern Zimbabwe. It prefers the upperlevels of the canopy (4-12 m). The subspecies monteiri is known from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FCB7F7E769C6F7E5" box="[866,1023,2055,2088]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Brachystegia</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodlands and riparian forests. It extends over a wide range by using corridors of vegetation along rivers and streams. The subspecies kirkii is mostly found in coastal forest, woodland, and riparian brushland; in the northern parts of the distribution, it extends into brushland and open woodland. It is not uncommon in urban gardens and farmland if there is sufficient tree growth to provide shelter and orchards of tropical and semi-tropical fruits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FF73F7136E6CF5BB" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF73F7136E6CF5BB" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FF73F7136B91F6D9" bold="true" box="[166,424,2291,2324]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Thick-tailed Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FCC0F713694FF6D9" box="[789,886,2291,2324]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
eats insects, fruit, and gum in varying proportions depending on whereit occurs. At somesites,it is a gummivore (62% gum, 33% fruit, and 5% insects), but at others,it is more insectivorous (59% insects and 41% gum). Social feeding occurs, and individuals move and feed as a group when large trees are in fruit. Despite patchiness of gum and well-known and defendable pathwaysto its sources, Thick-tailed Greater Galagos tend to travel to them and feed on them alone;trees providing gum are important to them during cold periods. Other items consumed include flowers, seeds, nectar, millipedes, termites, fish, birds, hardshelled and woody dried fruits, and arthropods from the orders Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Odonata, Chilopoda, Isoptera, and Diplopoda.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FF7DF5616EEAF447" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF7DF5616EEAF447" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FF7DF5616B17F553" bold="true" box="[168,302,2689,2718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Estrus last 3-5 days. Mating seems to be seasonal. Copulation is prolonged and can last 45 minutes. Births have been recorded in August-November. Normally two (sometimes three and rarely one or four) offspring are born per year in a nest that is relined just before birth. Gestation is 126-135 days. The mother carries her young in her mouth at first, and later on her back. Infant cannibalism by the mother has been reported. Weaning takes place at 70-134 days. Sexual maturity occurs at 18-24 months. An individual lived for 14 years in the New York (Bronx) Zoo, USA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FF72F46F68E0F382" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF72F46F68E0F382" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FF72F46F6BACF47D" bold="true" box="[167,405,2959,2992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Thick-tailed Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FCCDF46F6940F47D" box="[792,889,2959,2992]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nocturnal and arboreal. Its locomotory pattern is mainly quadrupedal. Because of their large size, they are more monkey-like in their locomotion and generally walk or run atop broad, horizontal supports or on the ground (sometimes over 100 m). They can produce impressive leaps of up to 3 m and hop along the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FF7FF3B3633EFDB8" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FF7FF3B3633EFDB8" blockId="13.[161,1372,718,3463]" lastBlockId="13.[1433,2641,281,1260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FF7FF3B3695EF3B9" bold="true" box="[170,871,3155,3188]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Thick-tailed Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FB0EF3B36F05F3B9" box="[1243,1340,3155,3188]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most gregarious of all the galagos, often occurring in small, stable family groups of 2-6. Groups often are an adult pair with or without young, two adult females plus infants, or an adult female with young. Matriarchies are present, and it is possible that they have complex social networks. Males sleep alone; females sleep with their offspring in groups of 2-6. Although adult females make a nest of leaves when they give birth, the most common sleeping site is a dense tangle of creepers or, occasionally, tree hollows or a flat leaf platform, c¢.5-12 m from the ground. Thick-tailed Greater Galagos are also known to inhabit caves and roof spaces in human dwellings. Groups sleep together by day, but members split up at nightto forage. Adults can be territorial, with group territories overlapping only to a small degree. Nevertheless, the home range of a male (c.10 ha) may overlap extensively with those of several females (c.7 ha). Males fight one another to secure control over such areas. Social grooming is quite common, as is play among youngsters. Social play, locomotory play, and object play occur among Thick-tailed Greater Galagos. In South Africa, nocturnal activity lasts from nine-and-ahalf hours in summer to about twelve hours in winter, with a rest period in the middle of the night. Individuals move over a distance of c.1 km/night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FA4EFD9B6C49FC44" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FA4EFD9B6C49FC44" blockId="13.[1433,2641,281,1260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FA4EFD9B6CCCFD51" bold="true" box="[1435,1781,635,668]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List; the subspecies argentatus has not been evaluated. The Thick-tailed Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC1FFE8FA49FD296FC4FD27" box="[1436,1533,713,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread and generally abundant. Some populations are reported to be expanding their distribution (e.g. in South Africa), while in other areas (e.g. around Lake Victoria), they are disappearing because of habitat loss. It occurs in numerous protected areas in Angola, DR Congo, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC1FFE8FA49FC7C6075FB21" pageId="13" pageNumber="208" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC1FFE8FA49FC7C6075FB21" blockId="13.[1433,2641,281,1260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC1FFE8FA49FC7C6C0AFC7C" bold="true" box="[1436,1587,924,945]" pageId="13" pageNumber="208">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Anderson (1998, 2000), Ansell (1960), Bearder (1974, 1987), Bearder & Doyle (1974b), Bearder et al. (1995), Buettner-Janusch (1964), Bullard (1984), Clark (1978a, 1978b, 1982a, 1982b, 1985, 1988), Coe & Isaac (1965), Constantino (2001), Crompton (1983, 1984), Dixson (1976, 1995, 1998), Dixson & Van Horn (1977), Doyle (1979), Doyle & Bearder (1977), Eaglen & Simons (1980), Eaton et al. (1973), Ejidike & Okosodo (2007), Happold & Happold (1992), Harcourt (1980, 1986b), Katsir & Crewe (1980), Kingdon (1997), Mainoya & Urasa (1982), Masters (1986, 1988, 1991), Masters & Lubinsky (1988), Masters, Lumsden & Young (1988), Masters, Stanyon & Romagno (1987), Montagna & Yun Jeung-Soon (1962a), Napier & Napier (1967), Nash & Weisenseel (2000), Nash et al. (1989), Olson (1979), Pasztor & Van Horn (1977), Pinto et al. (1974), Poorman (1982), Randolph (1971), Roberts (1971), Rosenson (1972, 1973), Skinner & Smithers (1990), Tartabini (1991), Welker (1973, 1976).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |