267 lines
34 KiB
XML
267 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="707D2C0DE4972307BCA910D1C82CAA82">The identity of the Chilean Amphibians collected by the United States exploring expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7DFBC8DF3D1CE8BC3E48147E6AA265A9">Lavilla, Esteban O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48F9580CDAF58D917B0A6B24FEB840FD">Rabanal, Felipe E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C127EE16D075A4FD1861A37085EBCBE4">Langone, José A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DE6BA98D99E6AD0B3222BAEF60F17AE">Vásquez, Dayana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2FB17E6B349E8B1E6D95C80FDF6FCC9E">Castro-Carrasco, Camila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1E83BAC43F43CB364A7951E627E03003">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0D999403E2EE5CE2710A16EAE60EFD26">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BD9D7A3762FFA9FF70F0CEFC850898" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5924745" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154401895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5924745" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9D7A3762FFA9FF70F0CEFC850898" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD9D7A3762FFA9FF70F0CEFC850898" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
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<subSubSection id="C30E7FE73762FFACFF70F0CEFEE60803" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3762FFACFF70F0CEFDCD0BE2" blockId="3.[151,519,1479,1539]" box="[151,519,1479,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
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<heading id="D0E39B003762FFACFF70F0CEFDCD0BE2" bold="true" box="[151,519,1479,1506]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFF70F0CEFDCD0BE2" ID-CoL="429VM" authority="Girard, 1853" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,519,1479,1506]" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Metaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timidus">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFF70F0CEFDCD0BE2" bold="true" box="[151,519,1479,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFF70F0CEFE940BE1" bold="true" box="[151,350,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Metaeus timidus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3762FFACFE82F0C1FDCD0BE2" author="Girard, C." box="[357,519,1480,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" pagination="420 - 424" refId="ref5515" refString="Girard, C. (1853) Descriptions of new species of reptiles, collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Second part, including the species of batrachians, exotic to North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 420 - 424." type="journal article" year="1853">Girard, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3762FFACFF70F0E3FEE60803" blockId="3.[151,519,1479,1539]" box="[151,300,1514,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">(Figs. 11–16)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E7FE73762FFA9FF70F33BFC850898" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3762FFACFF70F33BFD66098F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1586,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
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Described among the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFE7AF33BFDDE084B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[413,532,1586,1611]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bufonidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFDC2F33AFD2E084B" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[549,740,1587,1611]" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Metaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timidus">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFDC2F33AFD2E084B" box="[549,740,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Metaeus timidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was seldom cited in the herpetological literature (the few available papers include, among others,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3762FFACFDBBF35EFCFC086F" author="De Marschall, A." box="[604,822,1622,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refId="ref4961" refString="De Marschall, A. (1873) Nomenclator Zoologicus. Continens nomina systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita. Sub auspiciis et sumptibus C. R. Societatis Zoologico-Botanicae conscriptus. Caroli Ueberreuter (M. Salzer), Vindobonae, 482 pp." type="book" year="1873">De Marschall 1873</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3762FFACFCA4F35EFC07086F" author="Neave, S. A." box="[835,973,1623,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refId="ref6217" refString="Neave, S. A. (1940) Nomenclator zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus 1758 to end of 1955. Fol. 3 (M-P). Zoological Society of London, 1065 pp." type="book" year="1940">Neave 1940</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3762FFACFC3EF35FFB9F086F" author="Plotz, W." box="[985,1109,1622,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" pagination="45 - 96" refId="ref6434" refString="Plotz, W. (1855) Literatur. Zeitschrift fur die gesammten Naturwissenschaft, 5, 45 - 96." type="journal article" year="1855">Plötz 1855</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3762FFACFB85F35FFACA086F" author="Scuddar, S. H." box="[1122,1280,1622,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" pagination="1 - 340" refId="ref6692" refString="Scuddar, S. H. (1882) Nomenclator Zoologicus. II. Universal index to genera in zoology. Complet list of generic names employed in zoology and paleontology to the close of the year 1879 as contained in the nomenclators of Agassiz, Marschali, and Scudder, and in the Zoological Record. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 19, 1 - 340." type="journal article" year="1882">Scuddar 1882</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3762FFACFADCF35FFF190893" author="Troschel, F. H." pageId="3" pageNumber="186" pagination="109 - 121" refId="ref6811" refString="Troschel, F. H. (1854) Bericht uber die Leistungen im Gebiete der Herpetologie wahrend des Jahres 1853. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 20, 109 - 121." type="journal article" year="1854">Troschel 1854</bibRefCitation>
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). In its redescription,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3762FFACFE2BF373FD6B0893" author="Girard, C." box="[460,673,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refId="ref5584" refString="Girard, C. (1858 a) United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. J. C. Sherman and Son, Philadelphia, 492 pp." type="book" year="1858">Girard (1858a: 97)</bibRefCitation>
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pointed out that this was a particularly small species, in which the sum of head and body lengths did not exceed one inch. As discussed under
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFBD2F396FB7B08B6" authorityName=", Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[1077,1201,1694,1719]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thaul">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFBD2F396FB7B08B6" box="[1077,1201,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Bufo thaul</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see above), in the
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<collectingRegion id="49D0E28E3762FFACFF70F3CBFEAC08DB" box="[151,358,1730,1755]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Valparaíso Region</collectingRegion>
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there are no amphibians with adults of such small size. This fact led us to consider that Girard based his new genus and species on a juvenile. In analyzing immature specimens of the various species recorded in the area, we saw that the extensive redescription of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFD32F202FC440923" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[725,910,1803,1827]" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Metaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timidus">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFD32F202FC440923" box="[725,910,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Metaeus timidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3762FFACFC50F203FB970923" author="Girard, C." box="[951,1117,1802,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refId="ref5584" refString="Girard, C. (1858 a) United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. J. C. Sherman and Son, Philadelphia, 492 pp." type="book" year="1858">Girard (1858a)</bibRefCitation>
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differs from the juveniles of all except one species of
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<collectingRegion id="49D0E28E3762FFACFE48F227FD480947" box="[431,642,1838,1863]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Valparaíso Region</collectingRegion>
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. In fact,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFD05F226FC530946" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[738,921,1838,1862]" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Metaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timidus">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFD05F226FC530946" box="[738,921,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Metaeus timidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from (only key characters are noted):
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFF70F25AFE81096A" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[151,331,1875,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunco">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFF70F25AFE81096A" box="[151,331,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Rhinella arunco</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFEBDF25AFDC9096A" baseAuthorityName="Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[346,515,1875,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atacamensis">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFEBDF25AFDC9096A" box="[346,515,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">R. atacamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFDA7F25AFD00096B" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[576,714,1875,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFDA7F25AFD00096B" box="[576,714,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">R. spinulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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due to absence of parotid glands, non-visible tympanum and the presence of a dark band from snout to shoulder.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3762FFACFF20F292FE2B09D7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1586,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3762FFACFF20F292FE5A09B3" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[199,400,1947,1971]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Pleurodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thaul">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3762FFACFF20F292FE5A09B3" box="[199,400,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Pleurodema thaul</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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due to absence of lumbar glands; in certain populations the non-visible tympanum can also be a discriminating character.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6B7CE43765FFABFF70F22DFCD809F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2592988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" startId="4.[151,234,1828,1850]" targetBox="[287,1305,199,1799]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3765FFABFF70F22DFCD809F2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1828,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFF70F22DFECD093A" bold="true" box="[151,263,1828,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">PLATE 1.</emphasis>
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Amphibians from the Valparaíso region and their illustrations in the Atlas of the USEE. (1)
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFB15F22DFEC30959" authority="(Holotype)" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" baseAuthorityName="Holotype" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubrosus">
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFB15F22DFA56093A" box="[1266,1436,1828,1850]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Bufo lugubrosus</emphasis>
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(Holotype)
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</taxonomicName>
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. USNM 15369; reproduced with authorization J.F.J. (2)
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<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFC83F24AFBDF0959" box="[868,1045,1859,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFC83F24AFBDB0959" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[868,1041,1859,1881]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubrosus">Bufo lugubrosus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Plate 6, fig. 10. Girard (1858b). (3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFF70F26BFE770978" authority=", Los Molles" authorityName="Los Molles" box="[151,445,1890,1912]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFF70F26BFEF10978" box="[151,315,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Rhinella arunco</emphasis>
|
||
, Los Molles
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Claudio Correa. (4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFC58F26BFBA30978" authority=", Plate" authorityName="Plate" box="[959,1129,1890,1912]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thaul">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFC58F26BFBFA0978" box="[959,1072,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Bufo thaul,</emphasis>
|
||
Plate
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5, fig. 15. Girard (1858b). (5)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFF70F289FE540996" authority=", Camino" authorityName="Camino" box="[151,414,1920,1942]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFF70F289FE8A0996" box="[151,320,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Alsodes nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
, Camino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a Farellones, Cordillera de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Cristián Sepúlveda C. (6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFAFFF289FEED09B5" authority=", Pl." authorityName="Pl." class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Cystignathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFAFFF289FEC809B5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Cystignathus nebulosus,</emphasis>
|
||
Pl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3, fig. 19. Girard (1858b). (7)
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFD88F296FCE409B5" box="[623,814,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFD88F296FCE009B5" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[623,810,1951,1973]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Pleurodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thaul">Pleurodema thaul</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Valdivia, Región de los Ríos, Chile. Felipe E. Rabanal. (8)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFF70F2B4FE6109D3" authority=", Plate" authorityName="Plate" box="[151,427,1981,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Pleurodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bibroni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFF70F2B4FEA709D3" box="[151,365,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Pleurodema bibroni,</emphasis>
|
||
Plate
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4, fig. 33. Girard (1858b). (9)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFCE4F2B4FC7709D3" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[771,957,1981,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Pleurodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thaul">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFCE4F2B4FC7709D3" box="[771,957,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Pleurodema thaul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Valdivia, Región de los Ríos, Chile. Felipe Rabanal.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3765FFABFF11F2D5FDCE09F2" authority=", Plate" authorityName="Plate" box="[246,516,2012,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Pleurodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3765FFABFF11F2D5FE0109F2" box="[246,459,2012,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Pleurodema elegans,</emphasis>
|
||
Plate
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4, fig. 28. Girard (1858b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6B7CE43764FFAAFF70F29AFD6809E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2592990/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" startId="5.[151,234,1939,1961]" targetBox="[221,1376,193,1927]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3764FFAAFF70F29AFD6809E6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1939,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3764FFAAFF70F29AFECE09A9" bold="true" box="[151,260,1939,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">PLATE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3764FFAAFEEBF29AFE7F09A9" box="[268,437,1939,1961]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3764FFAAFEEBF29AFE7F09A9" box="[268,437,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Alsodes nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SSUC-AM 261, Quebrada Escobares, Valparaíso Region, Chile. SVL 2,5 cm. (10) Dorsal view; (11) ventral view; (12) head in lateral view; (13) tongue; (14) palatal view, sowing choanes and no palatine teeth. Scale: figs. 10–11: 1,0 cm; fig. 12: 1,5 cm; figs. 13–14: 2,0 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3767FFA9FF20F591FBE40ED5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FF20F591FE190EAF" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[199,467,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Calyptocephalellidae" genus="Calyptocephalella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FF20F591FE190EAF" box="[199,467,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Calyptocephalella gayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of the dark band on the sides of the head, the non-visible tympanum, the lack of a cranial co-ossifications and the texture of the dorsal skin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3767FFA9FF20F5E9FD930F1D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FF20F5E9FE620EF7" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[199,424,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Batrachyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FF20F5E9FE620EF7" box="[199,424,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Batrachyla taeniata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the non-visible tympanum, the pointed shape of the tip of the digits, and because the black band does not involve the eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3767FFA9FF20F421FA570F88" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
|
||
In turn, coincidences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FDC9F420FD210F40" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[558,747,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Metaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FDC9F420FD210F40" box="[558,747,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Metaeus timidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the juveniles of what we currently known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FAA2F421FF390F64" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FAA2F421FF390F64" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Alsodes nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are overwhelming. The following paragraph is a
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FCC5F445FC4C0F64" box="[802,902,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">verbatim</emphasis>
|
||
transcription of Girard’s (1858a) redescription, in which the coincident character states are referred to photographs of the specimen SSUC-AM 261 (see appendix):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3767FFA9FF20F49CFCD00D38" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Descr. The head forms the third of that length (fig. 11); it is depressed, almost flat upon its upper surface, and rounded upon the snout (fig. 13). It is a little longer than broad, and, when viewed from above, has an ovoid appearance (fig. 11). The body, itself, is elongated, narrowest posteriorly, the general aspect being more ranine than bufonine. The legs are proportionally small, though quite as much developed as in many ranoids (figs. 11; 12). The entire absence of both palatine and maxillary teeth entitles it to a place amongst bufonoids (fig. 14). The inner nostrils are very large, oblong-shaped, in the longitudinal direction of the head (fig. 14). The openings of the Eustachian tubes are exceedingly minute. The tongue is of medium size, subcircular, or subelliptical, entire posteriorly, and free upon the half of its length (fig. 15). The eyes are of medium size, elliptical in form, their longitudinal diameter being equal to the distance between their anterior rim and the extremity of the snout (fig. 13). The inter-ocular space is broader than the eyelid (fig. 11). The nostrils are elevated, situated at the upper, terminal end of the snout, though equidistant between the eyes and the margin of the upper jaw. There are no parotid glands. The tympanum is entirely hidden under the skin (fig. 13).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3767FFA9FF20F64DFBB40AA0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">The forelegs are almost exiguous, and, though short, reach the groins when brought backwards alongside with the body. The fingers are subcylindrical; the first one longer than the second, which is nearly equal to the fourth; the third being the longest. The articulations are all provided beneath with conspicuously developed tubercles, and the tip of the fingers slightly swollen beneath, into a tuberculous-like knob. Smaller tubercles may be seen on the palm of the hand, arranged in series in the direction of the fingers, each series composed of at least two tubercles. There is a comparatively large, horny, metacarpal disk, and a horny knob at the base of the first finger (fig. 12). The hind legs are slender but not very long; measured from their origin to the base of the fifth toe, they equal in length the head and body together. The toes exhibit the same structure as the fingers; there are but a few small granules on the sole of the feet, situated towards the base of the toes. The inner metatarsal tubercle is elongated; the outer one is rounded. The inner edge of the tarsus exhibits a very inconspicuous horny ridge (fig. 12).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3767FFA9FF20F1A5FE060AE8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">The skin is smooth, although provided above with small pustules, spread over the head, body, and legs, though fewer on the latter (fig. 11).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3767FFA9FF20F1FDFA5B082D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
|
||
The ground color above is greenish-brown. A deep chestnut-brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FC28F1FCFBCB0B0C" box="[975,1025,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">vitta</emphasis>
|
||
starts from the margin of the upper jaw, ascends the snout towards the nostrils, thence along the line of the canthus rostralis to the eye, and passing over the latter, extends obliquely down to near the insertion of the anterior limbs. A transverse brown patch is observed upon the occiput, between the eyes. A larger patch of the same color is seen on the anterior portion of the trunk, and another still smaller, upon its posterior portion. These three patches are united together by means of diverging, narrow branches, giving the back a stellated appearance. Transverse narrow bars of brownish-black are observed upon the legs, more conspicuously on the posterior than on the anterior ones, where two such bars only are seen. The hands and feet above are maculated (fig. 16). Underneath, the color is dull-yellow, under the head and abdomen, with a few small black spots on the latter region. The legs being reddish, with indistinct yellowish dots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2C6C3767FFA9FF20F331FC850898" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
|
||
As noted above, the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FDB3F330FCDE0850" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[596,788,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Metaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FDB3F330FCDE0850" box="[596,788,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Metaeus timidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FC84F331FBEE0850" box="[867,1060,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FC84F331FBEE0850" box="[867,1060,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Alsodes nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is evident and unquestionable. Consequently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FED8F354FD5F0875" authority="Girard, 1853" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[319,661,1628,1653]" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Metaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FED8F354FE310874" box="[319,507,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Metaeus timidus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3767FFA9FDE3F355FD5F0875" author="Girard, C." box="[516,661,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="420 - 424" refId="ref5515" refString="Girard, C. (1853) Descriptions of new species of reptiles, collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Second part, including the species of batrachians, exotic to North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 420 - 424." type="journal article" year="1853">Girard, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FC4AF355FF1B0898" authority="Dumeril and Bibron, 1841" authorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" authorityYear="1841" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Cystignathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FC4AF355FB6F0874" box="[941,1189,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cystignathus nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3767FFA9FB49F355FF1B0898" author="Dumeril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G." pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refId="ref5235" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1841). Erpetologie Generale ou Histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles. Tome Huitieme, comprenant l'histoire generale des batraciens, et la description des cinquate-deux genres et des cent soixante-trois especes des deux premiers sous-ordres: Les peromeles qui n'ont pas de membres, et les anoures qui sont prives de la queue. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 517 pp." type="book" year="1841">Duméril and Bibron, 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FEEBF388FEA10898" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[268,363,1665,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Alsodidae" genus="Metaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FEEBF388FEA10898" box="[268,363,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Metaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1457EF3767FFA9FD92F389FC810898" authority="Bell, 1843" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1843" box="[629,843,1663,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F07E3767FFA9FD92F389FD060898" box="[629,716,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85519D3767FFA9FD34F376FC810898" author="Bell, T." box="[723,843,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refId="ref4356" refString="Bell, T. (1843) Reptiles. In: Darwin, C. (Ed.), The Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle, under the command of Captain" type="book" year="1843">Bell, 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |