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<mods:title id="D052C5E1F3C3F790B7DBD6D45884DA10">Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF22FF56FEC301FC" blockId="27.[151,343,188,214]" box="[151,343,188,214]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
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<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF22FF56FEC301FC" bold="true" box="[151,343,188,214]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FF43FF56FEC301FC" box="[246,343,188,214]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rajidae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF22FEEEFC7B0031" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" box="[151,1007,258,283]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<materialsCitation id="3B593CEBFFF9FFF9FF22FEEEFC7B0031" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1848580368" box="[151,1007,258,283]" location="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madeira">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FF22FEEEFE680031" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,508,258,283]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF22FEEEFEA30031" box="[151,311,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Dipturus batis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
—No common name in
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FCB8FEE8FCFA0031" box="[781,878,258,283]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Madeira</collectingRegion>
; Blue skate
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B653DFFF9FFF9FF72FECCFE4D033D" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FECCFCE20015" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" box="[199,886,294,319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF72FECCFEC40015" box="[199,336,294,319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref25277" refString="Nobre, A. (1935) Fauna Marinha de Portugal. I Vertebrados (Mamiferos, Repteis e Peixes). Editora do Minho, Porto, 574 pp." type="book">Nobre 1935</bibRefCitation>
: 475 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FE2DFECCFDFF0015" box="[408,619,294,319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref20187" refString="Albuquerque, R. M. (1954 - 56) Peixes de Portugal e ilhas adjacentes. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e da Ciencia, Lisboa, Serie B, 1164 pp." type="book">
Albuquerque
<date id="FF8F1076FFF9FFF9FD84FECCFDFF0015" box="[561,619,294,319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" value="1954" valueMax="1956">1954</date>
</bibRefCitation>
56: 168 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FD4EFECDFCF90015" baseAuthorityName="non Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[763,877,294,319]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FD4EFECDFCF90015" box="[763,877,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Raia batis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FEA0FEAB00AD" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF72FEA0FEF60049" box="[199,354,330,355]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22354" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1936) The Marine Fishes of West Africa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (1 &amp; 2), 1 - 605 &amp; 607 - 1493." type="journal article">Fowler 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 111 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FE04FEA0FC900049" box="[433,772,330,355]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref25375" refString="Noronha, A. C. &amp; Sarmento, A. A. (1948) Vertebrados da Madeira: Peixes. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 181 pp." type="book">Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948</bibRefCitation>
: 121 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FCDDFEA0FC640049" box="[872,1008,330,355]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref24255" refString="Maul, G. E. (1948) Lista Sistematica dos peixes assinalados nos mares da Madeira e indice alfabetico. In: Noronha, A. C. &amp; Sarmento, A. A. Vertebrados da Madeira: Peixes. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 137 - 181." type="book chapter">Maul 1948</bibRefCitation>
: 140 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FBE1FEA1FB7C0049" box="[1108,1256,330,355]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref25410" refString="Nunes, A. A. (1953) Peixes da Madeira. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 274 pp. + xxv pls." type="book">Nunes 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 198 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FAD2FEA6FEA200AD" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorynchus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FAD2FEA6FEA200AD" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Raja macrorynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FE78FA880081" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" box="[199,1308,402,427]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
Stehmann 1973: 62 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FE01FE78FD770081" box="[436,739,402,427]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref26687" refString="Stehmann, M. &amp; Burkel, D. L. (1984 a) Torpedinidae and Rajidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureau, J. - C. &amp; Tortonese, E. (Eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Unesco, Paris, pp. 159 - 196." type="book chapter">Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a</bibRefCitation>
: 175 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FC9EFE78FC5E0081" box="[811,970,402,427]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref26107" refString="Sanches, J. G. (1986) Nomenclatura e diagnose dos principais peixes marinhos de Portugal. (Ciclostomos, Selaceos e Holocefalos). Instituto Nacional de Investigacao das Pescas, Lisboa, 184 pp." type="book">Sanches 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 106 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FB98FE7EFA880081" box="[1069,1308,402,427]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis" subGenus="Dipturus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FB98FE7EFA880081" box="[1069,1308,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Raja (Dipturus) batis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FE5CFDF700E5" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" box="[199,611,438,463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF72FE5CFE1100E5" box="[199,389,438,463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref23720" refString="Lloris, D., Rucabado, J. &amp; Figueroa, H. (1991) Biogeography of the Macaroneisan Ichthyofauna (the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape verde and the African Enclave, Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal 43, 191 - 241." type="journal article">
Lloris
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FEA4FE5DFED600E5" box="[273,322,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
: 236 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FE5DFE5DFDCE00E5" box="[488,602,438,463]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FE5DFE5DFDCE00E5" box="[488,602,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Raja batis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FE30FC0500D9" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" box="[199,913,474,499]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF72FE30FE4E00D9" box="[199,474,474,499]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22214" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Stehmann, M. (2013) Sharks, batoids and chimaeras of the North Atlantic. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 7. FAO, Rome, 523 pp." type="book">Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 317321 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FDC0FE36FD4D00D9" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[629,729,476,499]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FDC0FE36FD4D00D9" box="[629,729,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Dipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. cf.
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FC9FFE30FC1300D9" box="[810,903,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">flossada</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FE14FE4D033D" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" box="[199,473,510,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF72FE14FE3F033D" box="[199,427,510,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref21620" refString="Carneiro, M., Martins, R., Landi, M. &amp; Costa, F. O. (2014) Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf. European Journal of Taxonomy, 73, 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.73" type="journal article">
Carneiro
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FE85FE15FEF5033D" box="[304,353,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B653DFFF9FFF9FF72FDC8FCBE0375" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FDC8FCBE0375" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF72FDC8FD8B0311" bold="true" box="[199,543,546,571]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Distribution in Macaronesia.</emphasis>
possibly
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FD3FFDC8FD730311" box="[650,743,546,571]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Madeira</collectingRegion>
archipelago,
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FCCBFDC9FC590311" box="[894,973,547,571]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Azores</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FC69FDC8FB230311" box="[988,1207,546,571]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref25480" refString="Porteiro, F., Menezes, G., Afonso, P., Monteiro, J. &amp; Santos, R. (2010) Marine fish (Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii). In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Cascais, pp. 326 - 350." type="book chapter">
Porteiro
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FB8AFDCEFBFB0311" box="[1087,1135,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
) and Canary Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF2BFDACFECF0375" box="[158,347,582,607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref21208" refString="Brito, A., Pascual, P. J., Falcon, J. M., Sancho, A. &amp; Gonzalez, G. (2002) Peces de las Islas Canarias: catalogo comentado e ilustrado. Francisco Lemus, La Laguna, 419 pp." type="book">
Brito
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF54FDADFE860375" box="[225,274,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B653DFFF9FFF9FF72FD80FBFA0519" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FD80FAD90239" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF72FD80FEAF03A9" bold="true" box="[199,315,618,643]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FEF4FD80FDB303A9" box="[321,551,618,643]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22920" refString="Iglesias, S. P., Toulhoat, L. &amp; Sellos, D. Y. (2010) Taxonomic confusion and market mislabelling of threatened skates: important consequences for their conservation status. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 20, 319 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / aqc. 1083" type="journal article">
Iglésias
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FE28FD86FE5903A9" box="[413,461,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
have demonstrated that
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FC82FD86FB0A03A9" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[823,1182,618,643]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FC82FD86FC4C03A9" box="[823,984,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Dipturus batis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
is a composite species and provisionally split it into
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FE56FD65FDD3038C" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[483,583,655,678]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FE56FD65FDD3038C" box="[483,583,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Dipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. cf.
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FD2CFD64FD62038D" box="[665,758,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">flossada</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FC98FD65FC05038C" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[813,913,655,678]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FC98FD65FC05038C" box="[813,913,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Dipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FC0AFD64FBC8038D" baseAuthorityName="Parnell" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[959,1116,654,679]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
cf.
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FC56FD64FBC8038D" box="[995,1116,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FBDEFD65FAAF038D" box="[1131,1339,654,679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref23487" refString="Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. &amp; Weigmann, S. (2016 b) Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W., Naylor, G. J. P. &amp; Marshall, L. (Eds.), Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South VIC, pp. 204 - 363." type="book chapter">
Last
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FB17FD65FB40038D" box="[1186,1236,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. (2016b)
</bibRefCitation>
retained
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FF22FD5EFF6403E1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,240,690,715]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF22FD5EFF6403E1" box="[151,240,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">D. batis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and considered
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FE1EFD5EFD9B03E1" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[427,527,692,715]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FE1EFD5EFD9B03E1" box="[427,527,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Dipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. cf.
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FDD6FD58FD5403E1" box="[611,704,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">flossada</emphasis>
(Risso, 1826) as a junior synonym. Older records from
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FA8AFD58FA0803E1" box="[1343,1436,690,715]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Madeira</collectingRegion>
refer this species as
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FECEFD3DFCB603C5" authority="Rafinesque, 1810" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[379,802,726,751]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorynchus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FECEFD3DFDC203C5" box="[379,598,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Raja macrorynchus</emphasis>
Rafinesque, 1810
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FC87FD3CFC5103C5" box="[818,965,726,751]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22354" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1936) The Marine Fishes of West Africa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (1 &amp; 2), 1 - 605 &amp; 607 - 1493." type="journal article">Fowler 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FC64FD3CFA9203C5" box="[977,1286,726,751]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref25375" refString="Noronha, A. C. &amp; Sarmento, A. A. (1948) Vertebrados da Madeira: Peixes. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 181 pp." type="book">Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FAA6FD3CFA0303C5" box="[1299,1431,726,751]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref24255" refString="Maul, G. E. (1948) Lista Sistematica dos peixes assinalados nos mares da Madeira e indice alfabetico. In: Noronha, A. C. &amp; Sarmento, A. A. Vertebrados da Madeira: Peixes. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 137 - 181." type="book chapter">Maul, 1948</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF22FD11FEB50239" box="[151,289,762,787]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref25410" refString="Nunes, A. A. (1953) Peixes da Madeira. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 274 pp. + xxv pls." type="book">Nunes 1953</bibRefCitation>
). This species is here considered as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FC2BFD16FC620239" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[926,1014,762,787]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FC2BFD16FC620239" box="[926,1014,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">D. batis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see remarks on next section).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF22FCF4FBEA0255" blockId="27.[151,1436,258,895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF22FCF4FE23021D" box="[151,439,798,823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22214" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Stehmann, M. (2013) Sharks, batoids and chimaeras of the North Atlantic. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 7. FAO, Rome, 523 pp." type="book">Ebert &amp; Stehmann (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FE58FCF5FD2E021D" box="[493,698,798,823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref23487" refString="Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. &amp; Weigmann, S. (2016 b) Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W., Naylor, G. J. P. &amp; Marshall, L. (Eds.), Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South VIC, pp. 204 - 363." type="book chapter">
Last
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FD96FCF5FDC7021D" box="[547,595,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. (2016b)
</bibRefCitation>
note that both species (
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FC74FCF5FB8C021D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[961,1048,798,823]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FC74FCF5FB8C021D" box="[961,1048,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">D. batis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FBFBFCF5FB60021D" baseAuthorityName="Parnell" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1102,1268,798,823]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FBFBFCF5FB60021D" box="[1102,1268,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">D. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) appear to live sympatrically in most of their distribution area, although not occurring with the same abundance, therefore we have opted to place
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FE8EFC8DFE070255" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[315,403,870,895]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FE8EFC8DFE070255" box="[315,403,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">D. batis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a doubtful record, until specimens from Madeira come to hand.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF22FC45FC7502ED" blockId="27.[151,1436,942,1363]" box="[151,993,942,967]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<materialsCitation id="3B593CEBFFF9FFF9FF22FC45FC7502ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1848580375" box="[151,993,942,967]" location="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madeira">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FF22FC45FE7A02ED" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,494,942,967]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF22FC45FEA902ED" box="[151,317,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Raja miraletus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
—No common name in
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FD4AFC44FCF402ED" box="[767,864,942,967]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Madeira</collectingRegion>
; Brown ray
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FC39FBCB02C1" blockId="27.[151,1436,942,1363]" box="[199,1119,978,1003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF72FC39FEF002C1" box="[199,356,979,1003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22683" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The plagiostomia (sharks, skates and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 36, 528." type="journal article">Garman 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 323 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FE18FC38FDAB02C1" box="[429,575,978,1003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22354" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1936) The Marine Fishes of West Africa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (1 &amp; 2), 1 - 605 &amp; 607 - 1493." type="journal article">Fowler 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 116 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FD33FC38FC9002C1" box="[646,772,978,1003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref24255" refString="Maul, G. E. (1948) Lista Sistematica dos peixes assinalados nos mares da Madeira e indice alfabetico. In: Noronha, A. C. &amp; Sarmento, A. A. Vertebrados da Madeira: Peixes. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 137 - 181." type="book chapter">Maul 1948</bibRefCitation>
: 140
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FCF5FC39FCDD02C0" box="[832,841,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">(</emphasis>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FCD2FC3EFBC202C1" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1827" box="[871,1110,978,1003]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FCD2FC3EFBC202C1" box="[871,1110,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Raia quadrimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF22FC1CFBFA0519" blockId="27.[151,1436,942,1363]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FF22FC1CFEFE0525" box="[151,362,1014,1039]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref20187" refString="Albuquerque, R. M. (1954 - 56) Peixes de Portugal e ilhas adjacentes. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e da Ciencia, Lisboa, Serie B, 1164 pp." type="book">
Albuquerque
<date id="FF8F1076FFF9FFF9FE85FC1CFEFE0525" box="[304,362,1014,1039]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" value="1954" valueMax="1956">1954</date>
</bibRefCitation>
56: 153 | Stehmann 1973: 58 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FD7BFC1CFC6A0525" box="[718,1022,1014,1039]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref26687" refString="Stehmann, M. &amp; Burkel, D. L. (1984 a) Torpedinidae and Rajidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureau, J. - C. &amp; Tortonese, E. (Eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Unesco, Paris, pp. 159 - 196." type="book chapter">Stehmann &amp; Bürkel 1984a</bibRefCitation>
: 187 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FBF2FC1CFB720525" box="[1095,1254,1014,1039]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref26107" refString="Sanches, J. G. (1986) Nomenclatura e diagnose dos principais peixes marinhos de Portugal. (Ciclostomos, Selaceos e Holocefalos). Instituto Nacional de Investigacao das Pescas, Lisboa, 184 pp." type="book">Sanches 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 98 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FA94FC1CFF470519" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref23720" refString="Lloris, D., Rucabado, J. &amp; Figueroa, H. (1991) Biogeography of the Macaroneisan Ichthyofauna (the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape verde and the African Enclave, Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal 43, 191 - 241." type="journal article">
Lloris
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FADEFC1DFA080525" box="[1387,1436,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
: 236 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FEAEFBF0FE490519" box="[283,477,1050,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref27192" refString="Wirtz, P., Fricke, R. &amp; Biscoito, M. J. (2008) The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa, 1715, 1 - 26." type="journal article">
Wirtz
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FED4FBF6FE060519" box="[353,402,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 4 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FDBDFBF0FC8F0519" box="[520,795,1050,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22214" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Stehmann, M. (2013) Sharks, batoids and chimaeras of the North Atlantic. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 7. FAO, Rome, 523 pp." type="book">Ebert &amp; Stehmann 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 370 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FCD1FBF0FBDC0519" box="[868,1096,1050,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref21620" refString="Carneiro, M., Martins, R., Landi, M. &amp; Costa, F. O. (2014) Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf. European Journal of Taxonomy, 73, 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.73" type="journal article">
Carneiro
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FC79FBF6FC680519" box="[972,1020,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 15
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B653DFFF9FFF9FF72FBD4FD050551" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FBD4FD050551" blockId="27.[151,1436,942,1363]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF72FBD4FDB2057D" bold="true" box="[199,550,1086,1111]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Distribution in Macaronesia.</emphasis>
possibly
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FD2CFBD4FD62057D" box="[665,758,1086,1111]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Madeira</collectingRegion>
archipelago, Canary Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FBE7FBD4FA82057D" box="[1106,1302,1086,1111]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref21208" refString="Brito, A., Pascual, P. J., Falcon, J. M., Sancho, A. &amp; Gonzalez, G. (2002) Peces de las Islas Canarias: catalogo comentado e ilustrado. Francisco Lemus, La Laguna, 419 pp." type="book">
Brito
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FB2DFBD5FB58057D" box="[1176,1228,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
as dubious record) and
<collectingCountry id="F3267626FFF9FFF9FEABFB89FE340551" box="[286,416,1122,1147]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FE1BFB88FDA90551" box="[430,573,1122,1147]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref25941" refString="Reiner, F. (1996) Catalogo dos peixes do Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. nº 2. Publicacoes Avulsas do IPIMAR, Lisboa, 339 pp." type="book">Reiner 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FDFDFB88FD110551" box="[584,645,1122,1147]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref25970" refString="Reiner, F. (2005) Peixes do Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas. Mindelo, 340 pp." type="book">2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B653DFFF9FFF9FF72FB6CFD570479" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFF9FFF9FF72FB6CFD570479" blockId="27.[151,1436,942,1363]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FF72FB6CFEAF05B5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1158,1183]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FEF7FB6DFE7905B5" box="[322,493,1159,1183]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22683" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The plagiostomia (sharks, skates and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 36, 528." type="journal article">Garman (1913)</bibRefCitation>
refers the presence in
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FD5FFB6CFCD305B5" box="[746,839,1158,1183]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Madeira</collectingRegion>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FCD8FB6DFB5905B5" authority="Risso, 1827" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1827" box="[877,1229,1158,1183]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FCD8FB6DFBAB05B5" box="[877,1087,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">R. quadrimaculata</emphasis>
Risso, 1827
</taxonomicName>
, now considered a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FEC4FB46FC8305E9" authority="(Eschmeyer et al. 2017)" authorityName="Eschmeyer et al." authorityYear="2017" box="[369,791,1194,1219]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FEC4FB46FE6F05E9" box="[369,507,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">R. miraletus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFF9FFF9FDBEFB40FC9B05E9" box="[523,783,1194,1219]" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" refId="ref22295" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N., Fricke, R. &amp; Van der Laan, R. (Eds). Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 1 June 2017)" type="book">
Eschmeyer
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FD24FB46FD5705E9" box="[657,707,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, based on Günthers (1870: 462)
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FB20FB46FAAA05E9" baseAuthorityName="non Couch" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1173,1342,1194,1219]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circularis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FB20FB46FAAA05E9" box="[1173,1342,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Raja circularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, who in turn gives
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FEBAFB24FEF805CD" box="[271,364,1230,1255]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Madeira</collectingRegion>
based on a specimen (BMNH 1860.8.30.3) sent by R. T. Lowe. As pointed out above, Lowes specimen was observed by one of us (MB) who concluded that in fact it belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFF9FFF9FBF0FB1EFABF0421" baseAuthorityName="Couch" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1093,1323,1266,1291]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Leucoraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circularis">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFF9FFF9FBF0FB1EFABF0421" box="[1093,1323,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Leucoraja circularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since no specimens or other material could be found in natural history museum collections, the presence of this species in
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFF9FFF9FF22FAD0FF600479" box="[151,244,1338,1363]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="486">Madeira</collectingRegion>
is considered as in need of confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>