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<mods:title id="A6EAD020EAA623FB0B1B877BD8DF91E7">Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes</mods:title>
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Family
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFEBFFEBFF43F893FE1306B9" box="[246,391,1913,1939]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sphyrnidae</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFEBFFEBFF22F82BFBE206F3" blockId="9.[151,1142,1984,2009]" box="[151,1142,1984,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFEBFFEBFF22F82BFF3106F2" box="[151,165,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFEBFFEBFF19F82AFDB906F3" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[172,557,1984,2009]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Sphyrna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zygaena">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFEBFFEBFF19F82AFEF806F2" box="[172,364,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Sphyrna zygaena</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
—Tubarão-martelo, Cornuda; Smooth hammerhead
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B653DFFE8FFE8FF72FF7DFC71006A" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFE8FFE8FF72FF7DFCC00185" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[199,852,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FF72FF7DFEFB019A" box="[199,367,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref21035" refString="Bowdich, T. E. (1825) Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, during the Autumn of 1823, while on his third voyage to Africa. G. B. Whittaker, London, xii + 272 pp." type="book">Bowdich 1825</bibRefCitation>
: 75 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FE1CFF72FDB8019A" box="[425,556,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref23875" refString="Lowe, R. T. (1838) A synopsis of the fishes of Madeira; with the principal synonyms, Portuguese names, and characteres of the new Genera and Species. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 2, Part 3 (14), 173 - 200." type="journal article">Lowe 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 195 (as
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FD3AFF7DFCC00185" box="[655,852,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFE8FFE8FD3AFF7DFCD80185" box="[655,844,151,176]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zygaena">Squalus zygaena</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFE8FFE8FF72FF57FBF801FF" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[199,1132,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FF72FF57FEDD01FE" box="[199,329,188,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref23875" refString="Lowe, R. T. (1838) A synopsis of the fishes of Madeira; with the principal synonyms, Portuguese names, and characteres of the new Genera and Species. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 2, Part 3 (14), 173 - 200." type="journal article">Lowe 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 195 | Lowe
<date id="FF8F1076FFE8FFE8FE6CFF56FDD401FF" box="[473,576,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" value="1843" valueMax="1860">184360</date>
: 8386 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FD16FF56FCD601FE" box="[675,834,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref22842" refString="Gunther, A. (1870) Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Vol. 8. British Museum (Natural History), London, 549 pp." type="book">Günther 1870</bibRefCitation>
: 381 (as
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FC10FF57FBF801FF" box="[933,1132,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFE8FFE8FC10FF57FBF101FF" baseAuthorityName="non Shaw &amp; Nodder" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[933,1125,188,213]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malleus">Zygaena malleus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFE8FFE8FF72FF35FBCA01DD" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[199,1118,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FF72FF35FE6F01D2" box="[199,507,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref25343" refString="Noronha, A. C. &amp; Sarmento, A. A. (1934) Os peixes dos mares da Madeira. Diario de Noticias, Funchal, 146 pp." type="book">Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 107 and 146
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FD22FF0AFD0B01DD" box="[663,671,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">|</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FD13FF35FCBB01D2" box="[678,815,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref25277" refString="Nobre, A. (1935) Fauna Marinha de Portugal. I Vertebrados (Mamiferos, Repteis e Peixes). Editora do Minho, Porto, 574 pp." type="book">Nobre 1935</bibRefCitation>
: 425 (as
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FC27FF0BFBCA01DD" box="[914,1118,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D35FFE8FFE8FC27FF0BFBC201DD" authority="zygaena" box="[914,1110,224,248]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zygaena">Zygaena zygaena</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFE8FFE8FF72FEEEFC71006A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FF72FEEEFECF0037" box="[199,347,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref22354" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1936) The Marine Fishes of West Africa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (1 &amp; 2), 1 - 605 &amp; 607 - 1493." type="journal article">Fowler 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 64 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FE2EFEEEFD410036" box="[411,725,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref25375" refString="Noronha, A. C. &amp; Sarmento, A. A. (1948) Vertebrados da Madeira: Peixes. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 181 pp." type="book">Noronha &amp; Sarmento 1948</bibRefCitation>
: 103 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FC96FEEFFC3B0037" box="[803,943,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref25410" refString="Nunes, A. A. (1953) Peixes da Madeira. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 274 pp. + xxv pls." type="book">Nunes 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 101 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FC4BFEEEFB470037" box="[1022,1235,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref20187" refString="Albuquerque, R. M. (1954 - 56) Peixes de Portugal e ilhas adjacentes. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e da Ciencia, Lisboa, Serie B, 1164 pp." type="book">
Albuquerque
<date id="FF8F1076FFE8FFE8FB2CFEEEFB470037" box="[1177,1235,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" value="1954" valueMax="1956">1954</date>
</bibRefCitation>
56: 109 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FAF8FEEEFF47006A" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref22786" refString="Gilbert, C. R. (1973) Sphyrnidae. In: Hureau, J. - C. &amp; Monod, Th. (Eds.), Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). Unesco, Paris, pp. 32 - 34." type="book chapter">Gilbert 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 32 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FEB8FECDFE38006A" box="[269,428,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref26107" refString="Sanches, J. G. (1986) Nomenclatura e diagnose dos principais peixes marinhos de Portugal. (Ciclostomos, Selaceos e Holocefalos). Instituto Nacional de Investigacao das Pescas, Lisboa, 184 pp." type="book">Sanches 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 76 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FE53FECDFD33006A" box="[486,679,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref27192" refString="Wirtz, P., Fricke, R. &amp; Biscoito, M. J. (2008) The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa, 1715, 1 - 26." type="journal article">
Wirtz
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FD99FEC3FDC9006A" box="[556,605,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 3 |
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FD66FECDFC23006A" box="[723,951,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref21620" refString="Carneiro, M., Martins, R., Landi, M. &amp; Costa, F. O. (2014) Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf. European Journal of Taxonomy, 73, 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.73" type="journal article">
Carneiro
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FC89FEC3FCF9006A" box="[828,877,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 12.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFE8FFE8FF72FEA6FF740086" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FF72FEA6FD8A004F" bold="true" box="[199,542,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Distribution in Macaronesia.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFE8FFE8FD91FEA6FD10004F" box="[548,644,332,357]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Madeira</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFE8FFE8FD3AFEA6FD4A004E" box="[655,734,332,356]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Azores</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FD59FEA6FC2C004E" box="[748,952,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref26146" refString="Santos, R. S., Porteiro, F. &amp; Barreiros, J. P. (1997) Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography, Arquipelago, 1 (Supplement), 1 - 244." type="journal article">
Santos
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FC8AFEA7FCFB004F" box="[831,879,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FC76FEA6FBC7004E" box="[963,1107,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref20372" refString="Arruda, L. M. (1997) Checklist of the marine fishes of the Azores. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Nova Serie, 3 (2), 13 - 164." type="journal article">Arruda 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FBEBFEA6FAAC004E" box="[1118,1336,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref25480" refString="Porteiro, F., Menezes, G., Afonso, P., Monteiro, J. &amp; Santos, R. (2010) Marine fish (Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii). In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Cascais, pp. 326 - 350." type="book chapter">
Porteiro
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FB0BFEA7FB7B004F" box="[1214,1263,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), Canary Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FF40FE85FE2500A2" box="[245,433,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref21208" refString="Brito, A., Pascual, P. J., Falcon, J. M., Sancho, A. &amp; Gonzalez, G. (2002) Peces de las Islas Canarias: catalogo comentado e ilustrado. Francisco Lemus, La Laguna, 419 pp." type="book">
Brito
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FE82FE9BFEFC00A2" box="[311,360,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
; Brito Hernández &amp; Sancho Rafel 2003) and
<collectingCountry id="F3267626FFE8FFE8FC1BFE9AFBA400A2" box="[942,1072,367,392]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FB8AFE85FB5800A2" box="[1087,1228,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref25941" refString="Reiner, F. (1996) Catalogo dos peixes do Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. nº 2. Publicacoes Avulsas do IPIMAR, Lisboa, 339 pp." type="book">Reiner 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FB6DFE85FA8700A2" box="[1240,1299,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref25970" refString="Reiner, F. (2005) Peixes do Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas. Mindelo, 340 pp." type="book">2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FAAAFE85FF400086" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref27233" refString="Wirtz, P., Brito, A., Falcon, J. M., Freitas, R., Fricke, R., Monteiro, V., Reiner, F. &amp; Tariche, O. (2013) The coastal fishes of the Cape Verde Islands - new records and an annotated check-list. Spixiana, 36, 113 - 142." type="journal article">
Wirtz
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FAD1FE9BFA0100A2" box="[1380,1429,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B653DFFE8FFE8FF72FE5DFB1F0332" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8E36B6FFE8FFE8FF72FE5DFB1F0332" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B945EAA4FFE8FFE8FF72FE5DFEAF00FA" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Remarks.</emphasis>
five formalin-preserved specimens in MMF collections, first dated from 1984 and the last one from 2013.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B47FFE8FFE8FF6AFE36FEF900DE" box="[223,365,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref24255" refString="Maul, G. E. (1948) Lista Sistematica dos peixes assinalados nos mares da Madeira e indice alfabetico. In: Noronha, A. C. &amp; Sarmento, A. A. Vertebrados da Madeira: Peixes. Junta Geral do Distrito Autonomo do Funchal, Funchal, 137 - 181." type="book chapter">Maul (1948)</bibRefCitation>
refers as frequent all year round. Common in the island of
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFE8FFE8FBA9FE36FBED00DF" box="[1052,1145,476,501]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Madeira</collectingRegion>
and rarer in
<collectingRegion id="49F5F854FFE8FFE8FAA5FE37FAD800DE" box="[1296,1356,477,500]" country="Portugal" name="Porto" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Porto</collectingRegion>
Santo. Juveniles have been seen nearshore at Funchal during summer (MF personal observation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>