518 lines
52 KiB
XML
518 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fd2433d-a10d-40d5-9a7c-8b5c14bd364e" ID-PMC="PMC8548288" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1063-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" ID-PubMed="34744471" ID-ZooBank="2792B13CD577416CB83D1C8043701C78" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1063-49" checkinTime="1634632142747" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pivar, Robert J., Sinclair, Bradley J. & Moulton, John K." docDate="2021" docId="B16C7280B117562A924B36F7203A17ED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1063: 49-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1063" docPubDate="2021-10-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180" docTitle="Niphta acus Pivar 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4E68FECD-24B7-4E34-9F20-0F8FCC80EDBD" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Niphta (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668150984031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Niphta (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pivar, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects and Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K. W. Neatby Building, C. E. F., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-3274</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johnkmoulton@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1063</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1063-49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2792B13CD577416CB83D1C8043701C78</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189468639" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E68FECD-24B7-4E34-9F20-0F8FCC80EDBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B16C7280B117562A924B36F7203A17ED" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4E68FECD-24B7-4E34-9F20-0F8FCC80EDBD" authority="Pivar" authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta acus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acus" status="sp. nov.">Niphta acus Pivar</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ventral views of male Niphta halteralis group terminalia A N. acus sp. nov. B N. downesi sp. nov. C N. halteralis D N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gcx pl fl, gonocoxal plate filament; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600671" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral views of male Niphta halteralis group terminalia A N. acus sp. nov. B N. downesi sp. nov. C N. halteralis D N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gcx pl fl, gonocoxal plate filament; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600672" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 3A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adult male lateral habitus micrographs of the Niphta halteralis group A N. acus sp. nov. B N. downesi sp. nov. C N. halteralis D N. mapuche sp. nov. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600673" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 4A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Female terminalia of the Niphta halteralis group A lateral, N. acus sp. nov. B ventral, N. acus sp. nov. C lateral, N. halteralis D ventral, N. halteralis E lateral, N. mapuche sp. nov. F ventral, N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm, lateral arm; S, sternite; spthc p, spermathecal pump; T, tergite; v scl, ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600682" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 13A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: resp org, respiratory organ. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600683" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 14C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Lateral views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ad strct, adhesive structure; c tbr, caudal tubercle; resp org, respiratory organ. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600684" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 15C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Ventral views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ad strct, adhesive structure; spr, spiracle. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600685" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 16C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Dorsal views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: A, abdominal segment; Hc, head capsule; Mst, mesothorax; Mtt, metathorax; Pt, prothorax; pro spr, prothoracic spiracle; prtb, protuberance; post spr pl, posterior spiracular plate. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600686" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 17C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Lateral views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: anl prl, anal proleg; pro prl, prothoracic proleg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600687" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 18C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Ventral views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: A ad strct, abdominal adhesive structure; T ad strct, thoracic adhesive structure. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600688" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 19C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Niphta halteralis group larval head capsules with setae and sensory pits numbered A anterior, N. acus sp. nov. B lateral, N. acus sp. nov. C anterior, N. mapuche sp. nov. D lateral, N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: sp, sensory pit. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600689" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 20A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Habitat and larvae of Niphta acus sp. nov. (36 ° 55 ' 02.7 " S 71 ° 25 ' 49.6 " W) A Moulton shown next to the falls for scale B close up of falls with box indicating where immatures were captured (Note: they were not found in high flow zones) C lateral view of larva, with adhesive structures visibly in contact with substrate D dorsal view of larva illustrating camouflage E larva and pupal exuviae on rock face." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600694" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 25</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Examples of thaumaleid habitats in Chile A waterfalls where Niphta downesi sp. nov., N. eurydactyla sp. nov. and N. nudipennis were collected by sweeping adjacent foliage (40 ° 19 ' 58.7 " S 72 ° 16 ' 54.8 " W) B collection site of N. bispinosa sp. nov. (34 ° 59 ' 48.8 " S 70 ° 48 ' 37.0 " W) (after Pivar et al. 2020) C type locality of N. acus sp. nov., specimens were mainly collected from plants on left (37 ° 46 ' 30.8 " S 71 ° 42 ' 03.9 " W) D rock face seep, type locality of N. bispinosa sp. nov. (34 ° 59 ' 46.7 " S 70 ° 49 ' 19.2 " W) E Chiloe, N. nudipennis was collected at a small waterfall next to the larger Cascada Tocoihue, Pivar is shown for scale (42 ° 18 ' 20.3 " S 73 ° 26 ' 08.9 " W); F, Puente El Salto, N. halteralis was collected above the falls, Pivar is shown above the falls for scale (41 ° 31 ' 29.2 " S 72 ° 17 ' 14.6 " W)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600696" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 27C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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♂, glued to point with abdomen in glycerine microvial pinned beneath, labelled: "Chile: Region VIII (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bío">Bio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bío">Bio</normalizedToken>
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)/ Rte. Q-61, Estero Agua/ Blanca, 8.xii.2016/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.8" value="-37.775223">37°46'30.8"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="03.9" value="-71.70108">71°42'03.9"W</geoCoordinate>
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/ elev. 552 m, vegetation near/ splash zones, J.K. Moulton &/ R.J. Pivar"; "HOLOTYPE/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta acus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta acus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Pivar [red label]" (CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Allotype</emphasis>
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: ♀, same label data as holotype (CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Chile: Region RM (Santiago): Quebrada el Cinco Mil, 17.xii.2016,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.4" value="-33.525112">33°31'30.4"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="52.6" value="-70.23128">70°13'52.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev. 1308 m, creek, J.K. Moulton & R.J. Pivar (3♀*); Region V (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
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): Rte. 60, 18.xii.2016,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="31.3" value="-32.908695">32°54'31.3"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="21.5" value="-70.30598">70°18'21.5"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev. 1423 m, creek, J.K. Moulton & R.J. Pivar (2♂); Region VIII (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bío">Bio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bío">Bio</normalizedToken>
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): Rte. N-55, 16.xii.2016,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="02.7" value="-36.91742">36°55'02.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="49.6" value="-71.43044">71°25'49.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev. 1449 m, roadside seep, J.K. Moulton & R.J. Pivar (25♂); same label data as previous except, collected from rockface (8 larvae*, 5 pupae*, 8 pupal exuviae); Rte. Q-61, Estero Agua Blanca, 8.xii.2016,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.8" value="-37.775223">37°46'30.8"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="03.9" value="-71.70108">71°42'03.9"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev. 552 m, vegetation near splash zones, J.K. Moulton & R.J. Pivar (41♂, 10♀*, 1 larva*); Rte. Q-61, 8.xii.2016,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.7" value="-37.80964">37°48'34.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.0" value="-71.674995">71°40'30.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev. 390 m, roadside seep, J.K. Moulton & R.J. Pivar (2♂, 1♀*).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600670" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Left wing of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta nudipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta nudipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with arrows indicating three depigmented gaps. Abbreviations: C, costa; CuA, anterior branch of cubital vein; M, medial veins; m-cu, medial-cubital crossvein; R, radial veins; r-m, radial-medial crossvein; Sc, subcosta. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600671" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Ventral views of male
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta halteralis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halteralis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta halteralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group terminalia
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. downesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="downesi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. downesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. halteralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="halteralis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. halteralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. mapuche" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="mapuche">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. mapuche</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gcx pl fl, gonocoxal plate filament; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600672" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Lateral views of male
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta halteralis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halteralis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta halteralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group terminalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. downesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="downesi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. downesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. halteralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="halteralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. halteralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. mapuche" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="mapuche">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. mapuche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gcx pl fl, gonocoxal plate filament; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta acus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognised by the bifurcated apex of the gonostylus and the strongly apically tapered parameres, giving the appearance of a needle-like tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 71.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length</emphasis>
|
||
1.6-2.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adult male lateral habitus micrographs of the Niphta halteralis group A N. acus sp. nov. B N. downesi sp. nov. C N. halteralis D N. mapuche sp. nov. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600673" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head dull, blackish brown; pronotum and postpronotum dark brown; postpronotal lobe brown with dark brown markings, light brown around anterior spiracle; prescutum, mesoscutum and pleura shiny, blackish brown; scutellum and mediotergite shiny, blackish brown; katepisternum dark brown with blackish brown markings, remaining pteropleuron mainly blackish brown with dispersed markings of brown to light brown; base of halter black, knob creamy yellow; legs greyish brown, apex of tarsi darker; abdomen blackish brown; terminalia concolourous with abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Eyes above antennae broadly joined, with small triangular frons visible above antennae; frons with three to five strong setae. Flagellomeres 1-3 subquadrate, with flagellomere 1 expanded, 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as next segment, equal to lengths of 2 and 3 combined; flagellomeres 4-10 cylindrical, becoming progressively thinner and elongate. Vertex with black setae of uniform length, with longer, black orbital setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesoscutum with prominent antealar ridge, bearing thee pronounced setae. Scutum clothed dorsally in short, black setulae; notopleural, supra-alar and postsutural setae long, black. Pteropleuron bare. All legs with tarsi simple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Wing length: 1.8-2.5 mm. Dark, infuscate throughout, apex somewhat narrowed; C fringed in small setulae, with a few microtrichia scattered throughout; posterior wing margin with closely spaced fringe of microtrichia; Sc incomplete; R1 and R1(+R2+3) with three weakenings or depigmented gaps, first slightly beyond R2+3, second and third closely approximated, near C; microtrichia of R1(+R2+3) confined to base near humeral crossvein, remaining veins bare; R flexed into cell br; R2+3 distinct, situated in basal third of R1(+R2+3); bend in R4+5 gentle; R4+5 and M1 running parallel toward margin; M1 straight; M2 with gentle bend in apical third; M4 with slight bend.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal sternite 1 narrow, spectacle-shaped; sternite 2 reduced to slender median sclerite, a few setae restricted to laterad on posterior third and medially beneath sclerite; sternites 3-7 rectangular, lacking distinct sclerites, setae restricted to posterior two-thirds; sternite 8 strongly reduced, anterior margin well sclerotised, arched slightly into preceding segment, lacking setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ventral views of male Niphta halteralis group terminalia A N. acus sp. nov. B N. downesi sp. nov. C N. halteralis D N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gcx pl fl, gonocoxal plate filament; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600671" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral views of male Niphta halteralis group terminalia A N. acus sp. nov. B N. downesi sp. nov. C N. halteralis D N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gcx pl fl, gonocoxal plate filament; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600672" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epandrium quadrate in ventral view, posterior margin rounded with large, medial indentation; long, extending well beyond gonostyli; without lobes or projections. Gonocoxites conical, one-third longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, expanded dorsally behind gonocoxal plate, nearly meeting medially, extended anteriorly toward sternite 8; posterior inner margin produced into rounded projection, outer margin without notch; inner margin densely setose. Gonostylus short, three-quarters length of cercus, strongly curved laterally throughout; widest at base, tapered toward bifurcated apex; outer margin bearing laterally directed setae. Parameres fused at gonocoxal apodeme, widest at point of fusion; extended beyond cerci; forming canal-like structure, flattened apically, tapered to off-centre sharp point (occasionally specimens with broken apex). Gonocoxal plate well sclerotised; tongue-like plate extended anteroventrally; hollow medially, pitcher plant-like; gonocoxal apodeme with secondary structure comprising three arms fused medially, running along interior of paramere canal, flaring into three or four filaments, projected ventrally at apex, with pair of lateral flanges near point of fusion. Cercus large, prominent; subquadrate; projected posteriorly; situated within epandrial indentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600673" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male lateral habitus micrographs of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta halteralis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halteralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta halteralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. downesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="downesi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. downesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. halteralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="halteralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. halteralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. mapuche" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="mapuche">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. mapuche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Similar to male except as follows:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Female terminalia of the Niphta halteralis group A lateral, N. acus sp. nov. B ventral, N. acus sp. nov. C lateral, N. halteralis D ventral, N. halteralis E lateral, N. mapuche sp. nov. F ventral, N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm, lateral arm; S, sternite; spthc p, spermathecal pump; T, tergite; v scl, ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600682" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hypogynial valve not projecting beyond tergite 9; posterior margin deeply emarginated in ventral view, nearly dividing sternite in half, forming two subtriangular lobes; lobes densely setose. Tergite 9 subtriangular in lateral view, 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as tergite 8, lacking lateral projections; posterior margin heavily sclerotised at base of cerci. Sternite 9 (genital fork) slender, Y-shaped anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral arms extended slightly beyond hypogynial valve, divergent toward apex. Hypoproct sclerotised, narrow. Cercus rounded, projected posteroventrally; bearing numerous setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600674" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral views of male
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta nudipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group terminalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. daniellae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="daniellae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. daniellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. eurydactyla" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="eurydactyla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. eurydactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with parameres retracted
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with parameres extended. Arrows indicate range of motion of parameres. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8 (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: resp org, respiratory organ. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600683" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">14C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Lateral views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ad strct, adhesive structure; c tbr, caudal tubercle; resp org, respiratory organ. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600684" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">15C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Ventral views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ad strct, adhesive structure; spr, spiracle. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600685" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">16C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length</emphasis>
|
||
3.0-4.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
. Brown; with black spot above eye in developing adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Maxillary sheath short, posteromedially directed; gently tapered toward truncate apex; apices of palpi separated medially. Three short, slender setae above black spot over eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600675" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral views of male
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta nudipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group terminalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bifurcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. courtneyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="courtneyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. courtneyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Width nearly subequal to abdomen at widest point. Foreleg sheath projecting straight, slightly longer than wing sheaths, reaching posterior margin of sternite 2; anterior half of midleg visible anterior to wing sheath, then hidden behind foreleg, slightly shorter than foreleg; hind leg concealed behind wing sheath, only apex visible between apex of foreleg and wing sheath, shorter than foreleg. Wing sheaths not reaching posterior margin of abdominal sternite 2; large tubercle at base bearing pair of short, slender setae. Respiratory organ short and squat, much shorter than maxillary sheath, broadest subapically; bulbous; spiracular openings encircling apex; stalk wide, emerging from small tubercle. Tubercle situated posterodorsally to respiratory organ, rounded, projected slightly laterally; apex nearly touching or touching respiratory organ. Tubercle situated posterolaterally to respiratory organ crenulate, projected slightly anteriorly. Ridge located anteroventrally to respiratory organ with single, thin midlateral seta; mesothorax with group of four short, slender dorsocentral setae near ridge; single seta on humeral lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600676" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral views of male
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta nudipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group terminalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. daniellae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="daniellae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. daniellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. eurydactyla" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="eurydactyla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. eurydactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with parameres retracted
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with parameres extended. Arrows indicate range of motion of parameres. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600677" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral views of male
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta nudipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group terminalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bifurcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. courtneyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="courtneyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. courtneyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Subcylindrical, strongly tapered at caudal segment. Spiracles weakly developed, not projected or distinctly visible. Tergites 1-8 rectangular, without ridges; bearing pair of slender lateral setae above lateral margins and pair of slender dorsolateral setae. Tergite 9 rounded, posterior with dorsolateral ridges bearing pair of lateral setae and hind margin emarginated; projection directed posteriorly in lateral view. Sternites 3-8 rectangular, without row of faint setulae along anterior margin; lateral margins crenulate, bearing a few thin, short setae. Sternites 3 and 4 bearing pair of small lateral adhesive structures, sternite 5 bearing pair of large lateral adhesive structures on lateral margin. Caudal sternite subquadrate, with pair of posteriorly projected medial lobes; posterior margin with pair of medial ridges, curved dorsally forming small, dorsally projected tubercle in lateral view; without distinct caudal hooks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8 (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Dorsal views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: A, abdominal segment; Hc, head capsule; Mst, mesothorax; Mtt, metathorax; Pt, prothorax; pro spr, prothoracic spiracle; prtb, protuberance; post spr pl, posterior spiracular plate. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600686" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">17C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Lateral views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: anl prl, anal proleg; pro prl, prothoracic proleg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600687" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Ventral views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: A ad strct, abdominal adhesive structure; T ad strct, thoracic adhesive structure. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600688" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">19C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Niphta halteralis group larval head capsules with setae and sensory pits numbered A anterior, N. acus sp. nov. B lateral, N. acus sp. nov. C anterior, N. mapuche sp. nov. D lateral, N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: sp, sensory pit. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600689" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">20A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length of final instar</emphasis>
|
||
6.2-6.7 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
. Head capsule usually black or dark brown, sometimes black with light brown markings. Body mottled with various shades of grey and brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Niphta halteralis group larval head capsules with setae and sensory pits numbered A anterior, N. acus sp. nov. B lateral, N. acus sp. nov. C anterior, N. mapuche sp. nov. D lateral, N. mapuche sp. nov. Abbreviations: sp, sensory pit. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600689" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">20A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two large, circular eye spots, elevated on tubercle; antenna on largest tubercle, with three finger-like processes; with five pairs of tubercles outside of ecdysial lines (not including antennal and ocular tubercle), two outermost tubercles bifurcate; single tubercle between ecdysial line, bi- or trifurcate; 15 pairs of unbranched setae; five pairs of sensory pits (13, 14, 18, 20, 21), sensory pit 13 above antennal tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Prothorax with pair of anterodorsolateral protuberances bare; anterolateral protuberances with one long and two short setae; spiracular protuberance bearing two protuberances, inner protuberance with pair of setae, outer with single seta; pair of midlateral setae below anterolateral protuberance; three closely approximated setae near base of prothoracic leg (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Keilin’s">Keilin's</normalizedToken>
|
||
organ). Mesothorax and metathorax with pair of dorsolateral protuberances bearing pair of closely approximated setae, one thickened, one slender; mesothorax with additional seta beneath protuberance; lateral protuberance on both segments bearing four setae; one long seta slightly ventral to lateral protuberance; three mid-ventrolateral setae directed ventrally. Prothorax bearing proleg, posterior half with rectangular adhesive structure; meso- and metathoracic sternites with rectangular adhesive structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Sternites 1-7 modified into circular, suction cup-like adhesive structures; sternite 8 with quadrate adhesive structure, extending over sternite 9; sternite 9 smooth, bearing anal proleg. Tergites 1-7 with single anterolateral protuberance on each side with single seta, and pair of posterodorsolateral protuberances, each bearing two closely approximated short, thin setae; lateral adhesive structure swelling bearing four setae, two lateral, two basal; additional single seta located anterior to lateral swelling. Segment 8 with dorsolateral protuberance on either side of posterior spiracular plate, each bearing pair of small setae; lateral protuberance with three setae; single short ventrolateral seta; ventral surface bearing pair of setae. Posterior spiracular plate with sclerite encircling procerci; procercus shorter than length of spiracular plate, bearing four setae, two thick, two slender; without cone-like protuberance on either side of procerci. Terminal segment with anterior dorsal protuberance bare; pair of posterior lateral protuberances with pair of setae; five lateral setae; two pairs of long setae on posterior margin, above pair of anal papillae; ventral sternite bearing single pair of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Known from the south-central Andes of Chile (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Known distribution of Chilean Niphta A N. halteralis group B N. nudipennis group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600693" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">24A</figureCitation>
|
||
); this species includes the northern-most record for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The species name is from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">acu</emphasis>
|
||
(needle, pin) in allusion to the needle-like tip of the paramere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="bionomics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bionomics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
This species was collected at higher elevations than any other species in this publication. Larvae and pupae have ventral adhesive structures and were collected only from rocky substrates (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Habitat and larvae of Niphta acus sp. nov. (36 ° 55 ' 02.7 " S 71 ° 25 ' 49.6 " W) A Moulton shown next to the falls for scale B close up of falls with box indicating where immatures were captured (Note: they were not found in high flow zones) C lateral view of larva, with adhesive structures visibly in contact with substrate D dorsal view of larva illustrating camouflage E larva and pupal exuviae on rock face." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600694" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">25</figureCitation>
|
||
). All immatures were collected from the margin of waterfalls, where water flow was quite slow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |