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<document id="84EB071667F8A9A6E7E5B2487F362E3D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4272.4.4SLASH11185" ID-CLB-Dataset="32930" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4272.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7dea6dc8-02d6-43f9-a6ec-47c02b36dfe9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="801086" ID-ZooBank="1AC74EF9-4D29-496F-BBF5-42552AE66D56" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1496216737949" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Norton, Roy A. &amp; Ermilov, Sergey G." docDate="2017" docId="AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4272.4.4SLASH11185.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4272 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Trichogalumna curva Ewing 1907, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="560" masterDocId="5655FFDB441CFFCCA377FFA685197470" masterDocTitle="Identity of the oribatid mite Oribata curva and transfer to Trichogalumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae), with discussion of nomenclatural and biogeographical issues in the ‘ curva ’ species-group" masterLastPageNumber="564" masterPageNumber="551" pageNumber="552" updateTime="1698440110000" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="242D97D89AA529E4BF6FA1DA4D265DF2">Identity of the oribatid mite Oribata curva and transfer to Trichogalumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae), with discussion of nomenclatural and biogeographical issues in the ‘ curva ’ species-group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="089948E0917F73615DFE5B1F32C4E63E">Norton, Roy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="06C8BBBD4397140767FDA96177971BCB">Ermilov, Sergey G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9355E2E6B5A4AC4F635B1DF98DEBAE67">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029482" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131811051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029482" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<subSubSection id="6ADF653E441DFFCDA3E0F90384007290" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="227A36B5441DFFCDA3E0F90387F972CF" blockId="1.[151,736,1701,1761]" box="[151,736,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<heading id="793281D9441DFFCDA3E0F90387F972CF" bold="true" box="[151,736,1701,1727]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" reason="1">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441DFFCDA3E0F90387F972CF" bold="true" box="[151,736,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441DFFCDA3E0F903874B72CF" ID-CoL="8T8QQ" authority="Ewing, 1907" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,594,1701,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441DFFCDA3E0F903848672CF" bold="true" box="[151,415,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Trichogalumna curva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441DFFCDA2D9F903875372CF" author="Ewing" box="[430,586,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refString="Ewing, H. E. (1907) New Oribatidae. Psyche, 14, 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1907">Ewing, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0B8257DC441DFFCDA12EF90387F972CF" box="[601,736,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441DFFCDA3E0F96E84007290" blockId="1.[151,736,1701,1761]" box="[151,281,1736,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
(
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441DFFCDA3E8F96E84167290" box="[159,271,1736,1761]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStart-2="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetBox-1="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetBox-2="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." captionText-2="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Figs 1–31</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6ADF653E441DFFCEA3E0F8B6860675A3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="553" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="227A36B5441DFFCDA3E0F8B684EA7356" blockId="1.[151,787,1808,1983]" box="[151,499,1808,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441DFFCDA3E0F8B684B37356" authority="Ewing 1907" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,426,1808,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441DFFCDA3E0F8B6843E7356" box="[151,295,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Oribata curva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441DFFCDA25AF8B684B37356" author="Ewing" box="[301,426,1808,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refString="Ewing, H. E. (1907) New Oribatidae. Psyche, 14, 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1907">Ewing 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 113
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441DFFCDA3E0F888875C7313" blockId="1.[151,787,1808,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441DFFCDA3E0F88884DD7334" authority="Jacot 1933" authorityName="Jacot" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,452,1838,1861]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441DFFCDA3E0F888845E7335" box="[151,327,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Galumna curvum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441DFFCDA223F88984DD7334" author="Jacot" box="[340,452,1838,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1933) Aparity among the Oribatidae (Acarina). The Canadian Entomologist, 65 (12), 263 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 65263 - 12" type="journal article" year="1933">Jacot 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 263, emendation unjustified
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441DFFCDA3E0F8EB87117313" authority="Johnston 1965" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,520,1869,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441DFFCDA3E0F8EB847C7313" box="[151,357,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Pergalumna curvum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441DFFCDA204F8EB87117313" author="Johnston" box="[371,520,1869,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refString="Johnston, D. E. (1965) A catalog of the determined species of Acari (excl. Ixodides) in the collections of the Institute of Acarology. Publication No. 145. Wooster, Ohio, 66 pp." type="book" year="1965">Johnston 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 62
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441DFFCDA3E0F8CA874E73F2" blockId="1.[151,787,1808,1983]" box="[151,599,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441DFFCDA3E0F8CA871773F2" ID-CoL="8SZLH" authority="Shaldybina 1975" authorityName="Shaldybina" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,526,1900,1922]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441DFFCDA3E0F8CA844A73F2" box="[151,339,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Pergalumna curva</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441DFFCDA217F8CA871773F2" author="Shaldybina" box="[352,526,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refString="Shaldybina, E. S. (1975) The family Galumnidae. In: Ghilyarov, M. S. (Ed.), Key to Soil Inhabiting Mites. Sarcoptiformes. Nauka Press, Moscow, pp. 347 - 363." type="book chapter" year="1975">Shaldybina 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 355
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441DFFCEA3E0F82D860675A3" blockId="1.[151,787,1808,1983]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2031]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="553" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441DFFCDA3E0F82D84CF73D1" authority="Berlese 1908" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,470,1931,1953]" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatulidae" genus="Oribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441DFFCDA3E0F82D845073D1" box="[151,329,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Oribates tantillus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441DFFCDA238F82D84CF73D1" author="Berlese" box="[335,470,1931,1953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refString="Berlese, A. (1908) Elenco di generi e specie nuovi di Acari. Redia, 5, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1908">Berlese 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 7:
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441DFFCDA163F82A879A73D1" author="Jacot" box="[532,643,1931,1953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1933) Aparity among the Oribatidae (Acarina). The Canadian Entomologist, 65 (12), 263 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 65263 - 12" type="journal article" year="1933">Jacot 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 263
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441DFFCDA3E0F80F84CA73CF" authority="Jacot 1933" authorityName="Jacot" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,467,1961,1983]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441DFFCDA3E0F80F844E73CF" box="[151,343,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Galumna tantillum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441DFFCDA213F80C84CA73CF" author="Jacot" box="[356,467,1961,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1933) Aparity among the Oribatidae (Acarina). The Canadian Entomologist, 65 (12), 263 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 65263 - 12" type="journal article" year="1933">Jacot 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 263, emendation unjustified
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3E0FF31841374C0" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Small species, length 315–400; thelytokous. Body surface not strongly textured; mostly microgranulate, with striation variably developed on parts of pteromorph and coxisternum, anal and genital plates essentially smooth. Setae
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2CFFF4784D77488" box="[440,462,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ro</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA171FF7987027488" box="[518,539,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">le</emphasis>
of medium size, barbed,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA040FF4786577488" box="[823,846,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ro</emphasis>
inserted ventrolateral to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA711FF7981637488" box="[1126,1146,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">le</emphasis>
; seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA7CBFF4781CB7488" box="[1212,1234,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">in</emphasis>
distinctly shorter, smooth. Bothridial seta with long stalk and short, asymmetrically dilated, barbed head sharply tapered at tip. Notogastral setae short, thin; seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA169FE8F87337530" box="[542,554,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">c</emphasis>
present on pteromorph. Notogastral porose areas small, rounded,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA654FE8E80587530" box="[1315,1345,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA60AFE8E80857530" box="[1405,1436,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A2</emphasis>
close together,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA232FEEA847C7513" box="[325,357,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Aa</emphasis>
equidistant between setae
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA1EDFEEA87A97515" box="[666,688,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">la</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA19CFEEA861E7515" box="[747,775,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">lm</emphasis>
; cuticle above each area usually with slit-like grooves or irregular pits. Lyrifissure
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2CBFED784C175F8" box="[444,472,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">im</emphasis>
closely anterior to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA1CDFED687C175F8" box="[698,728,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A1</emphasis>
. Median pore absent. Circumpedal carina directed at, but not reaching seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA242FE32844875DD" box="[309,337,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">3b</emphasis>
. Epimeral setal formula: 1–0–2–2. Tarsus I with famulus inserted anterolateral to solenidion ω1; tibia IV with solenidion inserted in distal part of segment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6ADF653E441EFFCFA3B0FE78862D75DF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="554" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" type="description">
<paragraph id="227A36B5441EFFCEA3B0FE788741766B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3B0FE7884747587" bold="true" box="[199,365,478,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Redescription</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2F1FE4687317587" box="[390,552,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Measurements</emphasis>
(25 females, three undetermined): total length 315–400 (cotype 340); notogaster width 215–300 (cotype 250).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441EFFCEA3B0FD8E80697613" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3B0FD8E845C764F" box="[199,325,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Integument</emphasis>
. Body color brown (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA158FD80876A764F" box="[559,627,550,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Cuticle surface mostly densely microgranulate, granules rounded with diameter up to 1 (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA22AFDEC84A97613" box="[349,432,586,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
); larger granules and ridge-like striae (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA015FDEC81157613" box="[866,1036,586,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 28, 29, 31</figureCitation>
) distributed as indicated below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441EFFCEA3B0FDC884B877BA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3B0FDC8845D76F7" box="[199,324,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Prodorsum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA224FDC884A076F7" box="[339,441,622,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
). Rostrum broadly rounded, with medial lobe hidden in dorsal view; cuticle of lobe with deep posterior excavation, into which strong medial tooth projects (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA0DDFD34813676DB" box="[938,1071,658,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 25–27</figureCitation>
; see Remark 2); rostrophragma relatively thick, subtriangular in outline (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA103FD1087E776BF" box="[628,766,694,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 26, 27</figureCitation>
). Lamellar (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA0F9FD1E868476BF" box="[910,925,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">L</emphasis>
) and sublamellar (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA70CFD11819076BE" box="[1147,1161,695,718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">S</emphasis>
) lines distinct, parallel, curving backwards at ventral end; with dorsal end of
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA079FD7D86057682" box="[782,796,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">S</emphasis>
continuing into leg niche (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA72AFD7C81BD7683" box="[1117,1188,730,755]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA7C3FD7D81C97682" box="[1204,1232,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">N)</emphasis>
. Rostral (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA630FD7A80477683" box="[1351,1374,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ro</emphasis>
) and lamellar (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA273FD5884017767" box="[260,280,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">le</emphasis>
) setae similar in length (32–36), barbed, well medial to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA0E3FCA686BA7767" box="[916,931,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">L</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA0C4FCA686D07767" box="[947,969,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ro</emphasis>
inserted ventrolateral to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA792FD5881E07767" box="[1253,1273,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">le</emphasis>
, not visible in dorsal view. Interlamellar seta (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA177FC82870F774B" box="[512,534,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">in</emphasis>
, 20) setiform, smooth. Bothridial seta (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA0ABFC8486EC774B" box="[988,1013,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">bs</emphasis>
, 61–69) with long, smooth stalk and short, asymmetrically dilated, barbed head sharply tapered at tip (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA00DFCE086F9772F" box="[890,992,838,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 6, 7</figureCitation>
). Exobothridial seta and porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA6F4FCE08085772F" box="[1411,1436,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Al</emphasis>
absent. Porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA201FCCC848F77F3" box="[374,406,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Ad</emphasis>
small, oval (~6 × 4), transversely oriented, posterolateral to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA749FCCA814D77F3" box="[1086,1108,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">in</emphasis>
. Dorsophragmatic apophysis represented by group of low, roughened thickenings (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA19DFC28863577D7" box="[746,812,910,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA04EFC28864A77D7" box="[825,851,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">hy</emphasis>
) collectively elongated longitudinally, with variable number of components.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441EFFCEA3B0FC7E846F710E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3B0FC7E845D779F" box="[199,324,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Notogaster</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA222FC7084A6779F" box="[341,447,982,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 1, 3</figureCitation>
). Dorsosejugal suture absent, leaving notogaster fully fused with prodorsum. With 10 pairs of thin, smooth notogastral setae,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA120FC5A877A7063" box="[599,611,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">c</emphasis>
(~16) longer than others (10–12;
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA09FFC5C81347063" box="[1000,1069,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). With transverse band of larger tubercles (diameter up to 2) anterior to pair
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA1D7FBB887AF7047" box="[672,694,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">lp</emphasis>
;
<collectingRegion id="E001F857441EFFCEA1BFFBB886007047" box="[712,793,1054,1079]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Florida</collectingRegion>
specimens often also exhibit small central region with tubercles merged into thick longitudinal striae (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA1C8FBE4860E702B" box="[703,791,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Four pairs of porose areas (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA703FBE5818A702A" box="[1140,1171,1091,1114]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Aa</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA7D3FBE581DA702B" box="[1188,1219,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA7A2FBE581ED702B" box="[1237,1268,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA671FBE5803C702B" box="[1286,1317,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A3</emphasis>
) rounded, similar in diameter (6–9);
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2B8FBC184F7700F" box="[463,494,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A2</emphasis>
sometimes slightly smaller (4–6). Cuticle above each area usually with slit-like grooves, less commonly with irregular pits (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA1DCFB2C869270D3" box="[683,907,1162,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs. 9–12, 14, 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA0EAFB2D86FF70D3" box="[925,998,1163,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">19–24</figureCitation>
; see Remark 3), rarely only slightly depressed (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA263FB08848F70B7" box="[276,406,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 13, 16</figureCitation>
). Area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA290FB09871E70B6" box="[487,519,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Aa</emphasis>
equidistant between setae
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA044FB08865070B7" box="[819,841,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">la</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA008FB08868270B7" box="[895,923,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">lm</emphasis>
. Median pore absent. All lyrifissures distinct:
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3E0FB7285B4709B" box="[151,173,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ia</emphasis>
in posterior third of pteromorph (underside),
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA1DDFB7287DF709B" box="[682,710,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">im</emphasis>
located closely anterior to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA083FB75810D709B" box="[1012,1044,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA755FB748171709B" box="[1058,1128,1234,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA701FB75818D709B" box="[1142,1172,1235,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA7D7FB7581A7709B" box="[1184,1214,1235,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">19</figureCitation>
),
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA7A4FB7281F0709B" box="[1235,1257,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ip</emphasis>
posterior to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA601FB75808C709B" box="[1398,1429,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A3</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3E0FB5085B4717F" box="[151,173,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ih</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA392FB5E841F717F" box="[229,262,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ips</emphasis>
close together, anterior to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA14FFB5E875F717F" box="[568,582,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">p</emphasis>
3. Opisthonotal gland opening (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA0DFFB5086D5717F" box="[936,972,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">gla</emphasis>
) anterolateral to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA7E7FB5181B6717F" box="[1168,1199,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">A2</emphasis>
. Pteromorph surface texture variable within populations: usually mostly finely granulate with narrow band of striae parallel to edges of anterior lobe and wider band on posterior lobe (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA1D8FAE7861A712A" box="[687,771,1345,1370]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
); less commonly with distinct, widespread striae over most of surface (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA262FAC38470710E" box="[277,361,1381,1406]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441EFFCEA3B0FA2F813E7242" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3B0FA2F844F71D2" box="[199,342,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Gnathosoma</emphasis>
. Form typical for
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441EFFCEA133FA2F87F671D2" box="[580,751,1417,1442]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA133FA2F87F671D2" box="[580,751,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Trichogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441EFFCEA037FA2F812F71D2" author="Ermilov" box="[832,1078,1417,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" refString="Ermilov, S. G., Sidorchuk, E. A. &amp; Rybalov, L. B. (2011) Three new species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnoidea) from Ethiopia. International Journal of Acarology. 37 (Supplement 1), 2 - 17." type="journal article" year="2011">
Ermilov
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA0DBFA2C86FD71D2" box="[940,996,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441EFFCEA73DFA2F808871D2" author="Ermilov" box="[1098,1425,1417,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" refString="Ermilov, S. G. &amp; Tolstikov, A. V. (2015) Additions to the galumnid oribatid mite fauna of Brazil, with description of two new species of Trichogalumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae). International Journal of Acarology, 41 (2), 170 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2014.999824" type="journal article" year="2015">Ermilov &amp; Tolstikov 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Subcapitulum size: 77–82 × 65–69. Three pairs of subcapitular setae setiform, thin,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA703FA08819B71B5" box="[1140,1154,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">a</emphasis>
(14–16) and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA653FA08802171B5" box="[1316,1336,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">m</emphasis>
(10–12) slightly barbed,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA239FA778445719A" box="[334,348,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">h</emphasis>
(8–10) smooth;
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA16DFA7487317199" box="[538,552,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">a</emphasis>
thickest,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA1E0FA7787BC719A" box="[663,677,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">h</emphasis>
thinnest (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA060FA778644719A" box="[791,861,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of adoral setae (8–10) slightly barbed. Palp length: 53–57. Axillary saccule distinct, slightly elongated. Chelicera length: 94–98. Cheliceral setae setiform, barbed;
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA385F9BF84027242" box="[242,283,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">cha</emphasis>
(36) longer than
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2ABF9BF871C7242" box="[476,517,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">chb</emphasis>
(20). Trägårdh’s organ long, elongate triangular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441EFFCEA3B0F9988060737A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3B0F99887D17225" box="[199,712,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Coxisternum and lateral podosomal region</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA1A9F99B864B7226" box="[734,850,1597,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
). Coxisternum distinctly textured: epimeres I, II microgranulate, with or without longitudinal striae in lateral region; epimeres III, IV with distinct long striae, forming band around anterior half of genital plate (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA1A3F923863172EE" box="[724,808,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). Epimeral borders accentuated, their inner surface with pattern of short, well-spaced raised streaks (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA1F4F90F87CE72B2" box="[643,727,1705,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). In ventral view, pedotectum I broadly rounded, pedotectum II rounded distally, discidium sharply triangular. Circumpedal carina (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA0EDF96986AD7296" box="[922,948,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">cp</emphasis>
) thin, approaching insertion of
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA657F96B80257296" box="[1312,1340,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">3b</emphasis>
, but not reaching it. Epimeral setal formula: 1–0–2–2; setae thin, smooth,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA002F9548688737A" box="[885,913,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">4a</emphasis>
(4–6) longer than
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA716F9578164737A" box="[1121,1149,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">3b</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA7FCF95481BC737A" box="[1163,1189,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">3c</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA7C3F95481C9737A" box="[1204,1232,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">4a</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA671F9548038737A" box="[1286,1313,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">4c</emphasis>
(8–10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441EFFCFA3B0F8B38743748B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1514]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="554" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA3B0F8B38481735D" box="[199,408,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Anogenital region</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA2D9F8B38738735E" box="[430,545,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
). Genital and anal plates without noticeable surface texture; ventral plate microgranulate, with transverse band of larger tubercles (diameter up to 2) between aggenital setae and anal plates (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441EFFCEA3E8F8FB85EA7306" box="[159,243,1885,1910]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Six pairs of genital (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA29AF8F984E27306" box="[493,507,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">g</emphasis>
1–
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA166F8F887067305" box="[529,543,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">g</emphasis>
3, 8;
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA125F8F887797305" box="[594,608,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">g</emphasis>
4–
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA101F8F8879D7305" box="[630,644,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">g</emphasis>
6, 4), one pair of aggenital (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA0CFF8F886CD7305" box="[952,980,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ag</emphasis>
, 6–8), two pairs of anal (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA786F8F880147305" box="[1265,1293,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">an</emphasis>
1,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA654F8F880267305" box="[1315,1343,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">an</emphasis>
2, 8) and three pairs of adanal (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2E6F82284B473ED" box="[401,429,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
1–
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2B4F82284C673ED" box="[451,479,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
3, 8) setae all thin, smooth. Aggenital seta inserted posterolateral to genital aperture. Adanal lyrifissure (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA206F80D848C73B4" box="[369,405,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">iad</emphasis>
) located close and parallel to anal plate. Adanal setae
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA081F80D810B73B4" box="[1014,1042,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
1 and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA727F80D817573B4" box="[1104,1132,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
2 postanal,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA791F80D801B73B4" box="[1254,1282,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
3 paraanal and lateral to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA277F874843D739B" box="[256,292,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">iad</emphasis>
. Distance
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2EDF87484AF739B" box="[410,438,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
1–
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA2BBF87484F1739B" box="[460,488,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
2 shorter than
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA1F5F8748787739B" box="[642,670,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
2–
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA1C3F87487C9739B" box="[692,720,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">ad</emphasis>
3. Unpaired postanal porose area (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441EFFCEA73FF875817E739A" box="[1096,1127,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Ap</emphasis>
) oval (6–8 × 4). Ovipositor form typical of family (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA2AFFF31876374C0" author="Ermilov" box="[472,634,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Ermilov, S. G. (2010) The structure of ovipositors in higher oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida, Brachypylina). Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 89 (6), 694 - 702. [in Russian; English version: Entomological Review, 2010, 90 (6), 783 - 792]." type="journal article" year="2010">Ermilov 2010</bibRefCitation>
): elongated (102–110 × 28), with lobes (45–49) shorter than length of distal section (beyond middle fold; 57–61). Setae of lobes simple, smooth, ψ1 = τ1 (32) longer than ψ2 = τ a = τ b = τ c (20). Six coronal setae short (6), simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441FFFCFA3B0FEAE862D75DF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<materialsCitation id="92AD3CE8441FFFCFA3B0FEAE862D75DF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563126395" collectingDate="1920-03-01" collectingDateMax="2015-04-04" collectingDateMin="1920-03-01" county="Formulas" location="Median" municipality="Porose area" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA3B0FEAE85E5756F" box="[199,252,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Legs</emphasis>
. General form typical for
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA15FFEA087CD756F" box="[552,724,262,287]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA15FFEA087CD756F" box="[552,724,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Trichogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA062FEA086EF756F" author="Ermilov" box="[789,1014,262,287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Ermilov, S. G., Sidorchuk, E. A. &amp; Rybalov, L. B. (2011) Three new species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnoidea) from Ethiopia. International Journal of Acarology. 37 (Supplement 1), 2 - 17." type="journal article" year="2011">
Ermilov
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA00EFEAE86B5756F" box="[889,940,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
<location id="271A606E441FFFCFA77DFEA08146756F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E441FFFCFA77DFEA08146756F" box="[1034,1119,262,287]" county="Formulas" municipality="Porose area" name="Median" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Median</location>
claw distinctly thicker than laterals, all smooth on dorsal side.
<collectingMunicipality id="C21EACCF441FFFCFA155FE8D87BC7532" box="[546,677,299,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Porose area</collectingMunicipality>
on femora and trochanters III, IV weakly defined.
<collectingCounty id="CB1B4E39441FFFCFA79EFE8C804A7533" box="[1257,1363,298,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Formulas</collectingCounty>
of leg setation and solenidia: I (
<date id="567B1075441FFFCFA2C1FEE9875D7517" box="[438,580,335,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="1920-03-01" valueMax="1920-04-04" valueMin="1920-03-01">
<collectingDate id="463FE99D441FFFCFA2C1FEE9875D7517" box="[438,580,335,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="1920-03-01" valueMax="1920-04-04" valueMin="1920-03-01">1–4–3–4–20</collectingDate>
</date>
) [1–2–2], II (
<date id="567B1075441FFFCFA1A8FEE886777517" box="[735,878,334,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2015-03-01" valueMax="2015-04-04" valueMin="2015-03-01">
<collectingDate id="463FE99D441FFFCFA1A8FEE886777517" box="[735,878,334,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2015-03-01" valueMax="2015-04-04" valueMin="2015-03-01">1–4–3–4–15</collectingDate>
</date>
) [1–1–2], III (
<date id="567B1075441FFFCFA764FEE881B97517" box="[1043,1184,334,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2015-01-01" valueMax="2015-03-02" valueMin="2015-01-01">
<collectingDate id="463FE99D441FFFCFA764FEE881B97517" box="[1043,1184,334,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2015-01-01" valueMax="2015-03-02" valueMin="2015-01-01">1–2–1–3–15</collectingDate>
</date>
) [1–1–0], IV (
<date id="567B1075441FFFCFA630FEE985C975FB" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2012-02-01" valueMax="2012-03-02" valueMin="2012-02-01">
<collectingDate id="463FE99D441FFFCFA630FEE985C975FB" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="2012-02-01" valueMax="2012-03-02" valueMin="2012-02-01">1–2–2– 3–12</collectingDate>
</date>
) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in
<tableCitation id="6F47030E441FFFCFA049FED4868875FB" box="[830,913,370,395]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1557,1580]" captionText="TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of adult Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907)" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Solenidion of tibia IV inserted in anterior part of segment. Famulus inserted anterolateral to solenidion ω1.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6ADF653E441FFFC9A3B0FE1B86CD75DD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="227A36B5441FFFCFA3B0FE1B87E4774E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA3B0FE1B842275A6" bold="true" box="[199,315,445,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Remarks.</emphasis>
1.
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA216FE18870275A5" box="[353,539,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Generic concept</emphasis>
. The genus
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA1DFFE1B864A75A6" box="[680,851,445,470]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA1DFFE1B864A75A6" box="[680,851,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Trichogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA753FE1B81D175A6" author="Balogh" box="[1060,1224,445,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Balogh, J. (1960) Oribates (Acari) nouveaux d'Angola et du Congo Belge (2 eme serie). Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, Lisboa, 51, 15 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Balogh (1960)</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA67CFE1B808575A6" box="[1291,1436,445,470]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pilogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA67CFE1B808575A6" box="[1291,1436,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Pilogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA3B5FE4785E5758A" box="[194,252,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">lunai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA27FFE4784BD758A" author="Balogh" box="[264,420,481,506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Balogh, J. (1958) Oribatides nouvelles de l'Afrique tropicale. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 58 (1 - 2), 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1958">Balogh, 1958</bibRefCitation>
as type species. Generic characters were summarized by
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA72EFE47801D758A" author="Balogh" box="[1113,1284,481,506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Balogh, J. (1960) Oribates (Acari) nouveaux d'Angola et du Congo Belge (2 eme serie). Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, Lisboa, 51, 15 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Balogh (1960)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA662FE4785FA766E" author="Engelbrecht" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Engelbrecht, C. M. (1972) South African species of the genus Trichogalumna Balogh, 1961 (Galumnidae: Oribatei). Acarologia, 14 (2), 268 - 280." type="journal article" year="1972">Engelbrecht (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA38BFDA384AE766E" author="Ohkubo" box="[252,439,517,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Ohkubo, N. (1984) Several species of Trichogalumna (Acarina, Oribatida) from Japan. Acarologia, 25 (3), 293 - 306." type="journal article" year="1984">Ohkubo (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA17BFDA386C6766E" author="Villagomez" box="[524,991,517,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Villagomez, F. &amp; Palacios-Vargas, J. P. (2013) A new species of Trichogalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from Mexico. Brenesia, 79, 72 - 80." type="journal article" year="2013">Villagomez &amp; Palacios-Vargas (2013)</bibRefCitation>
. The main morphological traits of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA3E0FD8F845B7632" box="[151,322,553,578]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA3E0FD8F845B7632" box="[151,322,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Trichogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA11EFD8F81197632" authority="Ermilov et al. 2013" authorityName="Ermilov et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[617,1024,553,578]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA11EFD8F87EB7632" box="[617,754,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Pergalumna</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA070FD8F86E17632" author="Ermilov" box="[775,1016,553,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Ermilov, S. G., Stary, J., Sandmann, D., Marian, F. &amp; Maraun, M. (2013) New taxa and new records of oribatid mites of the family Galumnidae (Acari: Oribatida) from Ecuador. Zootaxa, 3700 (2), 259 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3700.2.4" type="journal article" year="2013">
Ermilov
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA006FD8C86B07632" box="[881,937,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA734FD8F81F77632" box="[1091,1262,553,578]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA734FD8F81F77632" box="[1091,1262,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Trichogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by the presence of distinct notogastral setae, clearly emerging from the alveolus, in contrast to the non-emergent setal vestiges (sometimes referred to as ‘shaved setae’ or simply ‘alveoli’) present in
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA743FDD781A476FA" box="[1076,1213,625,650]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA743FDD781A476FA" box="[1076,1213,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Pergalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA613FDD785F876DE" author="Aoki" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Aoki, J. (1966) The large-winged mites of Japan (Acari: Cryptostigmata). Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Tokyo, 9 (3), 257 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">Aoki (1966)</bibRefCitation>
there are no other reliable distinguishing traits, and the generic diagnoses condense to this single character: the plesiomorphic presence or the apomorphic absence of distinct setae. It is simplistic, and analogous to various other single-trait distinctions among galumnid genera, for example that between
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA754FD7B81B47686" box="[1059,1197,733,758]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA754FD7B81B47686" box="[1059,1197,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Pergalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA794FD7B80527686" box="[1251,1355,733,758]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA794FD7B80527686" box="[1251,1355,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Galumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(based only on the insertion of lamellar setae relative to line
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA064FCA4863B7769" box="[787,802,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">L</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA042FCA786E8776A" author="Grandjean" box="[821,1009,769,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Grandjean, F. (1936) Les Oribates de Jean Frederic Hermann et de son pere. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 105, 27 - 110." type="journal article" year="1936">Grandjean 1936</bibRefCitation>
). Generic concepts in this extremely diverse family remain to be assessed comprehensively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441FFFCFA3B0FCEC85CE70BA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
2.
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA393FCEC84EB7712" box="[228,498,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Structure of rostral lobe</emphasis>
. The cuticle of the rostral tectum of galumnid mites is often smooth and simple on its external (anterior) surface, but complex on its posterior surface (i.e., the surface within the camerostome), particularly in the region of the anteromedial lobe. This hidden complexity has been indicated in various literature descriptions by simple dotted lines, commonly represented as an M-shaped pattern when the rostrum is viewed anteriorly (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA233FC7F84E37782" author="Grandjean" box="[324,506,985,1010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Grandjean, F. (1966) Erogalumna zeucta n. g., n. sp. (Oribate). Acarologia, 8, 475 - 498." type="journal article" year="1966">Grandjean 1966</bibRefCitation>
, his
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441FFFCFA159FC7F87687782" box="[558,625,985,1010]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C), but the real meaning of these lines is usually unexplained. As shown in
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441FFFCFA3C4FC5B841B7066" box="[179,258,1021,1046]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
the solid cuticle of the tectum is deeply excavated posteriorly in the region of the lobe, which therefore is mostly very thin. However, the excavation is not a simple fenestration: it leaves a conspicuous medial tooth (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA60FFB84808A7049" box="[1400,1427,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">irt</emphasis>
) that appears to project into the excavation from above. In anterior view the excavation and tooth are seen by transparency, and create the M-shaped outline (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441FFFCFA1C0FBCF861470F2" box="[695,781,1129,1154]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
). This complex excavation accommodates the tips of the paired rutella when the subcapitulum is elevated (e.g. during the defensive posture), and the tooth lies between them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441FFFCFA3B0FB708781719A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
3.
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA395FB7087B9709E" box="[226,672,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Structure and variation of porose areas.</emphasis>
In most oribatid mites having an octotaxic system of porose areasthe cuticular part of dermal glands—the area is distinct only by transparency, with no external features that are visible in reflected light microscopy or scanning electron microscopy, except for a slight depression in some cases. There may be surface ‘pores’ but these are invaginations of epicuticle and do not pass through to the functional procuticular pores (
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA205FAC3875F710E" author="Alberti" box="[370,582,1381,1406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Alberti, G., Norton, R. A., Adis, J., Fernandez, N. A., Franklin, E., Kratzmann, M., Moreno, A. I., Weigmann, G. &amp; Woas, S. (1997) Porose integumental organs of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida). 2. Fine structure. Zoologica, 146, 33 - 114." type="journal article" year="1997">
Alberti
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA2BCFAC184E5710E" box="[459,508,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, their
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441FFFCFA1FAFAC3860F710E" box="[653,790,1381,1406]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Figs. 12, 13</figureCitation>
). However, in
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA0CAFAC1810E710E" box="[957,1047,1383,1406]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA0CAFAC1810E710E" box="[957,1047,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">T. curva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the surface usually has a series of mostly parallel slits, immediately above the porose procuticle (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441FFFCFA025FA2F810771D2" box="[850,1054,1417,1442]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Figs. 9–12, 14, 15</figureCitation>
). A similar slitted structure occurs in the ceratozetoid mite
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA2D2FA0B879A71B5" box="[421,643,1453,1478]" class="Arachnida" family="Chamobatidae" genus="Chamobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voigtsi">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA2D2FA0B879A71B5" box="[421,643,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Chamobates voigtsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Oudemans, 1902; in
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA00BFA0B811A71B6" author="Voigts" box="[892,1027,1453,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Voigts, H. (1902) Verzeichnis der in der naheren Umgebung von Gottingen gesammelten Milben. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 25, 472 - 475." type="journal article" year="1902">Voigts 1902</bibRefCitation>
) and its ultrastructure is well known (
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441FFFCFA3E9FA778469719A" author="Alberti" box="[158,368,1489,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" refString="Alberti, G., Norton, R. A., Adis, J., Fernandez, N. A., Franklin, E., Kratzmann, M., Moreno, A. I., Weigmann, G. &amp; Woas, S. (1997) Porose integumental organs of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida). 2. Fine structure. Zoologica, 146, 33 - 114." type="journal article" year="1997">
Alberti
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA381FA748431719A" box="[246,296,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, their
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441FFFCFA2C1FA778709719A" box="[438,528,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
f, 18b, 22a).
</paragraph>
<caption id="76BA663D441FFFCFA3E0F9B38117725C" box="[151,1038,1557,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<paragraph id="227A36B5441FFFCFA3E0F9B38117725C" blockId="3.[151,1038,1557,1614]" box="[151,1038,1557,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA3E0F9B38413725C" bold="true" box="[151,266,1557,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Leg setation and solenidia of adult
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441FFFCFA1F0F9B38117725C" authority="Ewing, 1907" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1907" box="[647,1038,1557,1580]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA1F0F9B38677725C" box="[647,878,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Trichogalumna curva</emphasis>
(Ewing, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441FFFCFA3E8F99F8663723E" blockId="3.[151,1038,1557,1614]" box="[159,890,1592,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Leg Tr Fe Ge Ti Ta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441FFFCFA3E8F9C4816A7288" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<table id="50C5C415441F0033A3E0F9C780857288" box="[151,1436,1633,1784]" gridcols="6" gridrows="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<tr id="9CF534F7441F0033A3E0F9C78085720B" box="[151,1436,1633,1659]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A3E0F9C785A2720B" box="[151,187,1633,1659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">I</th>
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A385F9C7841F720B" box="[242,262,1633,1659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA385F9C4841F7207" box="[242,262,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">v’</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A24AF9C784B8720B" box="[317,417,1633,1659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA24AF9C784B87207" box="[317,417,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">d, (l), bv”</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A292F9C7872E720B" box="[485,567,1633,1659]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA292F9C7873D7207" box="[485,548,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">(l), v’,</emphasis>
σ
</th>
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A1FBF9C78608720B" box="[652,785,1633,1659]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA1FBF9C787CA7207" box="[652,723,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">(l), (v),</emphasis>
φ1, φ2
</th>
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A016F9C78085720B" box="[865,1436,1633,1659]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA016F9C780077207" box="[865,1310,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), v’, (pl), l”,</emphasis>
ɛ, ω1, ω2
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9CF534F7441F0033A3E0F92B808572D7" box="[151,1436,1677,1703]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A3E0F92B85A272D7" box="[151,187,1677,1703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">II</th>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A385F92B841F72D7" box="[242,262,1677,1703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA385F928841F72D3" box="[242,262,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">v’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A24AF92B84B872D7" box="[317,417,1677,1703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA24AF92B84B872D3" box="[317,417,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">d, (l), bv”</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A292F92B872E72D7" box="[485,567,1677,1703]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA292F92B873D72D3" box="[485,548,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">(l), v’,</emphasis>
σ
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A1FBF92B860872D7" box="[652,785,1677,1703]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA1FBF92B87CA72D3" box="[652,723,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">(l), (v),</emphasis>
φ
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A016F92B808572D7" box="[865,1436,1677,1703]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA016F92B81B272D3" box="[865,1195,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv),</emphasis>
ω1, ω2
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CF534F7441F0033A3E0F91F808572BF" box="[151,1436,1721,1743]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A3E0F91F85A272BF" box="[151,187,1721,1743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">III</th>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A385F91F841F72BF" box="[242,262,1721,1743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA385F91C841F72BF" box="[242,262,1722,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">v’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A24AF91F84B872BF" box="[317,417,1721,1743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA24AF91F846F72BF" box="[317,374,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">d, ev’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A292F91F872E72BF" box="[485,567,1721,1743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA292F91F84E572BF" box="[485,508,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">l’,</emphasis>
σ
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A1FBF91F860872BF" box="[652,785,1721,1743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA1FBF91F87D372BF" box="[652,714,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">l’, (v),</emphasis>
φ
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A016F91F808572BF" box="[865,1436,1721,1743]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA016F91F81BC72BF" box="[865,1189,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CF534F7441F0033A3E0F94480857288" box="[151,1436,1762,1784]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<th id="DF245D8B441F0033A3E0F94485A27288" box="[151,187,1762,1784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">IV</th>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A385F944841F7288" box="[242,262,1762,1784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA385F945841F7288" box="[242,262,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">v’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A24AF94484B87288" box="[317,417,1762,1784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA24AF944846F7288" box="[317,374,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">d, ev’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A292F944872E7288" box="[485,567,1762,1784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA292F94487177288" box="[485,526,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">d, l’</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A1FBF94486087288" box="[652,785,1762,1784]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA1FBF94487D37288" box="[652,714,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">l’, (v),</emphasis>
φ
</td>
<td id="DF245D8B441F0033A016F94480857288" box="[865,1436,1762,1784]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">ft'', (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441FFFCFA3E0F8AF81977316" blockId="3.[151,1436,1801,1894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
Note: Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters to solenidia (except ɛ = famulus). Single prime (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA790F8AF81E97350" box="[1255,1264,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">’</emphasis>
) marks setae on the anterior and double prime (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441FFFCFA17CF88A87037333" box="[523,538,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">”</emphasis>
) setae on the posterior side of a given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pseudosymmetrical pair of setae. Tr—trochanter, Fe—femur, Ge—genu, Ti—Tibia, Ta—tarsus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="76BA663D4418FFC8A3E0F96887827352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" targetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="227A36B54418FFC8A3E0F96887827352" blockId="4.[151,1436,1742,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74418FFC8A3E0F96884597294" bold="true" box="[151,320,1742,1765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364418FFC8A23BF96887CB7294" authority="Ewing, 1907" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1907" box="[332,722,1742,1765]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74418FFC8A23BF96887377295" box="[332,558,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Trichogalumna curva</emphasis>
(Ewing, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1—dorsal view (legs omitted); 2—ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3—lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="227A36B54418FFC9A3B0F8E98182754F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1870,2003]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">
In populations of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364418FFC8A2E3F8E984E87316" box="[404,497,1871,1894]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74418FFC8A2E3F8E984E87316" box="[404,497,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">T. curva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there is variation in the pattern, number and length of surface slits, and in some cases (mostly in
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574418FFC8A226F8D484BB73FB" box="[337,418,1906,1931]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Florida</collectingRegion>
specimens) the surface pattern is more like irregular pitting (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A304418FFC8A73EF8D481D173FB" box="[1097,1224,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
) than parallel slits. Some specimens from
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574418FFC8A2D6F83084E973DF" box="[417,496,1942,1967]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Illinois</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574418FFC8A159F83087C373DF" box="[558,730,1942,1967]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
exhibit no surface slits or pits above any porose area of the octotaxic system; there is at most a slight overall surface concavity above these simple areas. The latter include two of Ewing’s non-type
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A2FFFF3184CE74C0" box="[392,471,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Illinois</collectingRegion>
specimens—from Arcola (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A304419FFC9A07AFF31867974C0" box="[781,864,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) and Urbana—and several of the Jacot specimens from
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A3A3FF1A846574A5" box="[212,380,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A304419FFC9A2FCFF1A84C774A5" box="[395,478,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[221,1374,189,1661]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 18. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907). Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4 — cotype slide of Oribata curva Ewing, 1907; 5 — dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6 — distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7 — distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8 — left notogastral seta p 3 of cotype; 9 — left porose area Aa of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10 — right porose area A 1 of cotype (surface focus); 11 — right porose area A 2 of cotype (surface focus); 12 — left porose area Aa of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta lm) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13 — porose area A 1 (surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14 — porose area A 1 of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure im), with insert at deep focus; 15 — right porose area Aa of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16 — same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17 — partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6 – 18); 6 – 16 to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). In each instance, all other traits of the mite match those of individuals with slitted or pitted porose areas. We found no examples of such simple porose areas in our
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A75BFF7981897488" box="[1068,1168,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Missouri</collectingRegion>
or
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A7CDFF4680297488" box="[1210,1328,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">New York</collectingRegion>
material. Whatever genetic or epigenetic mechanism controls the nature of the octotaxic system, it acts on all organs in an individual: either all eight are similarly slitted or pitted (with minor variations), or none are.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B54419FFC9A3B0FEEA86CD75DD" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A3B0FEEA872A7513" bold="true" box="[199,563,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
Names linked to
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A2FBFEEA872A7513" bold="true" box="[396,563,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A2FBFEEA87367513" box="[396,559,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">Oribata curva</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
The web of uncertainty surrounding
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A0A7FEEA81767514" box="[976,1135,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A0A7FEEA81767514" box="[976,1135,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Oribata curva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is difficult to untangle, but we make an attempt below, treating each of the involved names in succession. For each cited reference, we use the epithet-spelling and generic combination applied by the respective author.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6ADF653E4419FFC9A3B0FE11808473AD" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="227A36B54419FFC9A3B0FE1186CD7044" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<materialsCitation id="92AD3CE84419FFC9A3B0FE1186F87610" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563126394" location="North American" municipality="North America" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A3B0FE11875275A0" bold="true" box="[199,587,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A3B0FE11875F75A0" authority="Berlese, 1908" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1908" box="[199,582,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatulidae" genus="Oribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A3B0FE11848D75A0" bold="true" box="[199,404,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Oribates tantillus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A2D6FE11875F75A0" author="Berlese" box="[417,582,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Berlese, A. (1908) Elenco di generi e specie nuovi di Acari. Redia, 5, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1908">Berlese, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Since Jacot’s (1933) proposal, this name has been considered a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A2DBFE7A87ED7584" authority="Ewing, 1907" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1907" box="[428,756,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A2DBFE7A87487584" box="[428,593,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Oribata curva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A12AFE7A87ED7584" author="Ewing" box="[605,756,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Ewing, H. E. (1907) New Oribatidae. Psyche, 14, 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1907">Ewing, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The original Latin description was only four lines long, without illustration, and with the locality indicated only as
<collectingMunicipality id="C21EACCF4419FFC9A038FE5986E57668" box="[847,1020,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">North America</collectingMunicipality>
(‘America boreale’). Later,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A63FFE59848C764C" author="Berlese" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Berlese, A. (1914) Acari nuovi. Manipulus IX. Redia, 10, 113 - 150." type="journal article" year="1914" yearSuffix="p">
Berlese (1914, p. 120,
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A304419FFC9A231FD828495764C" box="[326,396,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
published a slightly longer description, added a dorsal illustration, and noted the
<location id="271A606E4419FFC9A62CFD82841C7610" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E4419FFC9A62CFD82841C7610" municipality="North America" name="North American" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Washington">North American</location>
localities in more detail to include “Columbia,
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A02EFDE186F87610" box="[857,993,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Washington</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="92AD3CE84419FFC9A083FDE187A576F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563126391" location="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A083FDE181527610" box="[1012,1099,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Florida</collectingRegion>
”.
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A710FDEE80857610" author="Norton" box="[1127,1436,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Norton, R. A. &amp; Kethley, J. B. (1990) Berlese's North American oribatid mites: historical notes, recombinations, synonymies and type designations. Redia, 62 (2), 421 - 499." type="journal article" year="1990">Norton &amp; Kethley (1990)</bibRefCitation>
explained that these localities relate to Columbia
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="92AD3CE84419FFC9A1BFFDCA863776F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563126393" box="[712,814,620,645]" location="Missouri" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Missouri">
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A1BFFDCA863776F5" box="[712,814,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Missouri</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="92AD3CE84419FFC9A04EFDCA81A976F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563126392" box="[825,1200,620,645]" location="Lake City" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A04EFDCA86D876F5" box="[825,961,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Washington</collectingRegion>
, D.C., and
<location id="271A606E4419FFC9A737FDCA81A976F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E4419FFC9A737FDCA81A976F5" box="[1088,1200,620,645]" name="Lake City" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Washington">Lake City</location>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="92AD3CE84419FFC9A7CCFDCA86CD7044" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563126396" county="Berlese's North American" location="In" municipality="North American" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A7CCFDCA801676F5" box="[1211,1295,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Florida</collectingRegion>
, which were the sources of most of
<collectingCounty id="CB1B4E394419FFC9A2E2FD2987A076D8" box="[405,697,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
Berlese’s
<collectingMunicipality id="C21EACCF4419FFC9A175FD2987A076D8" box="[514,697,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">North American</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
oribatid mite specimens.
<location id="271A606E4419FFC9A0AEFD3686E976D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E4419FFC9A0AEFD3686E976D7" box="[985,1008,656,679]" county="Berlese's North American" municipality="North American" name="In" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Florida">In</location>
fact,
<location id="271A606E4419FFC9A747FD29819D76D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E4419FFC9A747FD29819D76D8" box="[1072,1156,655,680]" county="Berlese's North American" municipality="North American" name="Berlese" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Florida">Berlese</location>
and
<location id="271A606E4419FFC9A7CDFD29801A76D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E4419FFC9A7CDFD29801A76D8" box="[1210,1283,655,680]" county="Berlese's North American" municipality="North American" name="Ewing" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Florida">Ewing</location>
had the same source for specimens from
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A2A5FD12872176BD" box="[466,568,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Missouri</collectingRegion>
, and a series of synonyms were the result.
<location id="271A606E4419FFC9A758FD13816776BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E4419FFC9A758FD13816776BC" box="[1071,1150,693,716]" county="Berlese's North American" municipality="North American" name="Norton" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Florida">Norton</location>
&amp;
<location id="271A606E4419FFC9A7D0FD12801976BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E4419FFC9A7D0FD12801976BD" box="[1191,1280,692,717]" county="Berlese's North American" municipality="North American" name="Kethley" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Florida">Kethley</location>
(
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A664FD13804576BC" box="[1299,1372,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">op. cit</emphasis>
) also noted that the original
<typeStatus id="FD7E88174419FFC9A2D3FD7E84E27680" box="[420,507,728,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A104FD7E87EC7680" box="[627,757,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatulidae" genus="Oribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A104FD7E87EC7680" box="[627,757,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">O. tantillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included specimens from each of the three locations, and selected one of the
<collectingRegion id="E001F8574419FFC9A20BFD5A87187765" box="[380,513,764,789]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Washington</collectingRegion>
specimens as
<typeStatus id="FD7E88174419FFC9A1DBFD5A860E7765" box="[684,791,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. Two other points seem important: first,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A784FD5A80857764" author="Berlese" box="[1267,1436,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Berlese, A. (1914) Acari nuovi. Manipulus IX. Redia, 10, 113 - 150." type="journal article" year="1914">Berlese (1914)</bibRefCitation>
noted having found the species also in Java, and second, he did not indicate from which country the illustrated specimen came. The latter point is critical, since his illustration and redescription do not match the original description in two regards. First, the bothridial seta (pseudostigmatic organ) is described and drawn as being lanceolate, whereas it was originally described as having an apical club. Second, the description and illustration note a duplicated porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A291FC16871C77B8" box="[486,517,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">A3</emphasis>
on each side. No specimen we have seen from
<location id="271A606E4419FFC9A76CFC0981DE77B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6C87A3441DFFC5A3E0F90384D67098:271A606E4419FFC9A76CFC0981DE77B8" box="[1051,1223,943,968]" county="Berlese's North American" municipality="North American" name="North America" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Florida">North America</location>
, including those in the Berlese collection (
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A2EDFC7287B3779C" author="Norton" box="[410,682,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Norton, R. A. &amp; Kethley, J. B. (1990) Berlese's North American oribatid mites: historical notes, recombinations, synonymies and type designations. Redia, 62 (2), 421 - 499." type="journal article" year="1990">Norton &amp; Kethley 1990</bibRefCitation>
) have these two features. We suspect that his 1914 treatment of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A6F6FC7385EA7060" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatulidae" genus="Oribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A6F6FC7385EA7060" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">O. tantillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on the Java collection (not seen by us) and should not be relied upon without reexamination of his specimens; the mite appears to be an unnamed species of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A033FBBA86D47045" ID-CoL="6L5C" box="[836,973,1052,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A033FBBA86D47045" box="[836,973,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Pergalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B54419FFC9A3B0FBE684CE725D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A3B0FBE6844A7028" author="Jacot" box="[199,339,1088,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1923) Oribatoidea Sinensis II. Royal Asiatic Society. North China Branch Journal, 54, 168 - 181." type="journal article" year="1923">Jacot (1923)</bibRefCitation>
reported this mite—as
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A129FB9986D47028" authority="Berlese, 1909" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1909" box="[606,973,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A129FB9986337028" box="[606,810,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Galumna tantillus</emphasis>
Berlese, 1909
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A0A9FBE786E47028" box="[990,1021,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">sic</emphasis>
)—from Tsingtao, China, in addition to two additional states of the USA, New York and Connecticut. These records are clouded by an absence of discussion concerning the two variant descriptions by Berlese. They also were odd in that the reported body lengths of all his specimens were more than twice the 320 µm indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A0EFFB0A812E70B4" author="Berlese" box="[920,1079,1196,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Berlese, A. (1908) Elenco di generi e specie nuovi di Acari. Redia, 5, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1908">Berlese (1908</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A733FB0A819970B4" author="Berlese" box="[1092,1152,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Berlese, A. (1914) Acari nuovi. Manipulus IX. Redia, 10, 113 - 150." type="journal article" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
). Without discussion and with unjustified emendation of species epithets,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A1B7FB7786BC7098" author="Jacot" box="[704,933,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1933) Aparity among the Oribatidae (Acarina). The Canadian Entomologist, 65 (12), 263 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 65263 - 12" type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="p">Jacot (1933, p. 263)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A726FB7681C37098" box="[1105,1242,1231,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A726FB7681C37098" box="[1105,1242,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">O. tantillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A3E0FB528444717C" box="[151,349,1268,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A3E0FB528444717C" box="[151,349,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Galumna curvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. When
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A2CDFB538751717C" author="Jacot" box="[442,584,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1934) The Galumnas (Oribatoidea-Acarina) of the Northeastern United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 42 (1), 87 - 125." type="journal article" year="1934">Jacot (1934)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A1AAFB5386F3717C" authority="Jacot 1934" authorityName="Jacot" authorityYear="1934" box="[733,1002,1268,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A1AAFB538657717C" box="[733,846,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">G. curvum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A013FB5286FB717C" author="Jacot" box="[868,994,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1934) The Galumnas (Oribatoidea-Acarina) of the Northeastern United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 42 (1), 87 - 125." type="journal article" year="1934">Jacot 1934</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
he still offered no explanation of the synonymy, nor did he mention the doubled porose area indicated in Berlese’s (1914) redescription of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A661FABE808C7140" box="[1302,1429,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A661FABE808C7140" box="[1302,1429,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">O. tantillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the same work, Jacot presented length data on specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A00BFA9B86C37124" box="[892,986,1341,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A00BFA9B86C37124" box="[892,986,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">G. curva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the locations in China that were mentioned in his previous work (
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A17EFAC6879E7108" author="Jacot" box="[521,647,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1923) Oribatoidea Sinensis II. Royal Asiatic Society. North China Branch Journal, 54, 168 - 181." type="journal article" year="1923">Jacot 1923</bibRefCitation>
), but with no reference to his earlier paper or to the fact that he used a different name: almost certainly, these data represent a correction, but were presented in a way that hid what probably was an initial error in micrometer calibration. After Jacot’s proposal, Berlese’s species name (
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A662FA0E808A71B0" box="[1301,1427,1447,1472]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A662FA0E808A71B0" box="[1301,1427,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">O. tantillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) has rarely appeared in the literature except as a junior synonym of Ewing’s (
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A763FA6B81607194" box="[1044,1145,1485,1508]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A763FA6B81317194" box="[1044,1064,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A74EFA6B81607194" box="[1081,1145,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">curva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The only exception we know is that of
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A223FA4987B27278" author="Perez-Inigo" box="[340,683,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Perez-Inigo, C. &amp; Baggio, D. (1991) Oribates edaphiques du Bresil (VI). Oribates de l'Etat de Sao Paulo (troisieme partie). Acarologia, 32 (1), 79 - 92." type="journal article" year="1991">Pérez-Iñigo &amp; Baggio (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, who noted that
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A004FA5686EC7278" box="[883,1013,1519,1544]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A004FA5686EC7278" box="[883,1013,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">O. tantillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be in
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A7EDFA49803A7278" ID-CoL="6L5C" box="[1178,1315,1519,1544]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A7EDFA49803A7278" box="[1178,1315,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Pergalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on Berlese’s (1914) illustration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B54419FFC9A3B0F99186337358" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A3B0F99187687220" bold="true" box="[199,625,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A3B0F99187757220" authority="Willmann, 1932" authorityName="Willmann" authorityYear="1932" box="[199,620,1591,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A3B0F99184B87220" bold="true" box="[199,417,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Galumna ventralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A2DDF99187757220" author="Willmann" box="[426,620,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Willmann, C. (1932) Oribatei (Acari), gesammelt von der deutschen limnologischen sunda-expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement-Band IX, Tropische Binnengewasser, 2, 240 - 305." type="journal article" year="1932">Willmann, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This small species (360 µm) was described on the basis of specimens from Sumatra. [N.B. The date is often wrongly cited as 1931, which was that of the main journal volume; the supplement in which the name was proposed appeared in the following year]. Shortly after this description,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444419FFC9A615F92785F872CC" author="Jacot" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1934) The Galumnas (Oribatoidea-Acarina) of the Northeastern United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 42 (1), 87 - 125." type="journal article" year="1934">Jacot (1934)</bibRefCitation>
considered Willmann’s mite a subspecies of Ewing’s:
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A0F6F902804872CD" authority="Willmann" authorityName="Willmann" box="[897,1361,1700,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="curvum" subSpecies="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A0F6F90281A472CD" box="[897,1213,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Galumna curvum ventralis</emphasis>
(Willmann)
</taxonomicName>
. Jacot considered his Chinese specimens to represent
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A1CCF96E86447290" box="[699,861,1735,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="curvum" subSpecies="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A1CCF96E86447290" box="[699,861,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">G. c. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and his redescription and figures were based on these. He noted (1934, p. 116) that the subspecies was ‘very sparingly found’ in North America, but he gave no specific records and we have seen no specimens ourselves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B54419FFC9A3B0F892808473AD" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">
Jacot’s (1934) redescription of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A135F8928614733C" box="[578,781,1844,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A135F8928614733C" box="[578,781,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Galumna curvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was—for the time—relatively complete, but his brief comparative diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A2C0F8FE874A7300" box="[439,595,1879,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="curvum" subSpecies="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A2C0F8FE874A7300" box="[439,595,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">G. c. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is problematic in a number of ways. One relates to his illustration style: he drew entire dorsal and ventral aspects (his
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A304419FFC9A1E6F8DA860073E4" box="[657,793,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Figs 26, 27</figureCitation>
), but the upper half of each purportedly represents the nominate
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A271F807846F73C8" box="[262,374,1953,1976]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A271F807846F73C8" box="[262,374,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">G. curvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while the lower half represents
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364419FFC9A193F807869973C9" box="[740,896,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="curvum" subSpecies="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74419FFC9A193F807869973C9" box="[740,896,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">G. c. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Indeed, the lower half of
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A304419FFC9A7DBF80681E573C9" box="[1196,1276,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="556">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
shows porose area A2 as smaller than A1, a trait clearly identified in Willmann’s paper. However, according to Willmann’s Fig.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6ADF653E441AFFCAA3E0FF3184C073AD" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" type="description">
<paragraph id="227A36B5441AFFCAA3E0FF3186437585" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">
67,
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA3B7FF3E845874C0" box="[192,321,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA3B7FF3E845874C0" box="[192,321,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks emergent notogastral setae, other than seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA01FFF3F866D74C0" box="[872,884,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">c</emphasis>
on the pteromorph, while Jacot’s concept of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA61DFF3E85E074A5" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="curvum" subSpecies="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA61DFF3E85E074A5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">G. c. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441AFFCAA27FFF1A844174A5" box="[264,344,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
lower half) has clear notogastral setae that are at least as long as the diameter of the larger porose areas. Similarly, Jacot’s text described the nominate
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA1AAFF4686557488" box="[733,844,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA1AAFF4686557488" box="[733,844,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">G. curvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as having clear notogastral setae, yet his image (
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441AFFCAA618FF7985AF756D" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[182,1412,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 31. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907), dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19 — left porose area A 1 (surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20 — same specimen, but right A 1; 21 — left porose area A 1 of second Florida specimen; 22 — left area A 1 of third Florida specimen; 23 — right area Aa of same specimen; 24 left area A 2 of same specimen; 25 — North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (irt) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26 — same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (rp); 27 — same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth irt projects; 28 — central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29 — left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30 — same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta 3 b) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31 — same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (ag) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19 – 24 to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
, upper half) shows only insertion points. It seems unlikely that Willmann overlooked small, fine notogastral setae, since he illustrated and described the small, fine prodorsal seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA0BCFE8F86F87530" box="[971,993,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">in</emphasis>
. Another apparent discrepancy is that porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA257FEEA84267515" box="[288,319,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Ad</emphasis>
is at a level clearly lateral to seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA1B3FEEB87C37514" box="[708,730,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">in</emphasis>
in Jacot’s figure, but medial to it in Willmann’s; we think this was an observational error by Willmann (see below). Jacot noted a more medial position of coxisternal seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA6F7FED6808275F8" box="[1408,1435,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">1a</emphasis>
(‘gular bristle’ in his terminology) in
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA124FE3387EF75DD" box="[595,758,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="curvum" subSpecies="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA124FE3387EF75DD" box="[595,758,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">G. c. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in the nominate
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA089FE33816875DC" box="[1022,1137,405,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA089FE33816875DC" box="[1022,1137,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">G. curvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this character is not mentioned or drawn in Willmann’s paper. Other supposed differences were only vaguely stated by Jacot and seem impossible to decipher in either his illustrations or Willmann’s.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441AFFCAA3B0FE5986CC7140" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">
Decades later,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA202FDA687347668" author="Hammer" box="[373,557,512,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Hammer, M. (1972) Investigations on the oribatid fauna of Tahiti, and some oribatids found on the Atoll Rangiroa. Det Kongelige Danske Fidenskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 19 (3), 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1972">Hammer (1972)</bibRefCitation>
added another part to the literature mystery around
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA7E9FE59806D7668" box="[1182,1396,511,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA7E9FE59806D7668" box="[1182,1396,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Galumna ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by recombining the name to
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA2CCFD82865F764D" authority="Willmann" authorityName="Willmann" box="[443,838,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA2CCFD8287A4764D" box="[443,701,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Acrogalumna ventralis</emphasis>
(Willmann)
</taxonomicName>
and redescribing it based on specimens from Tahiti. She did not highlight or explain this nomenclatural decision, nor did she mention Jacot’s (1934) opinions or his distributional records from
<collectingCountry id="5AD27625441AFFCAA2BDFDCA871476F5" box="[458,525,620,645]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">China</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="5AD27625441AFFCAA11AFDCA87B076F4" box="[621,681,620,644]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">USA</collectingCountry>
. To make this recombination, Hammer (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA71AFDCB81AA76F4" box="[1133,1203,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">op. cit</emphasis>
) must have believed that prodorsal line
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA20BFD37849276D8" box="[380,395,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">L</emphasis>
(perhaps better called ‘carina
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA18AFD37861376D8" box="[765,778,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">L</emphasis>
’) was absent, since its absence is a diagnostic trait of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA3E0FD12843776BD" box="[151,302,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA3E0FD12843776BD" box="[151,302,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Acrogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this line is clearly present in Willmann’s (1932, Fig. 67) illustration; it is the only prodorsal line of galumnid mites that shows as a carina—appearing like a point, midway along the prodorsal edge—where it curves over the contour when seen in dorsoventral aspect. In his Fig. 67, the line runs almost straight posteriorly from the ‘point’, toward the outside of the bothridium. Unfortunately, he also drew a second solid line running posteriorly from the ‘point’ more medially, close to seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA0ACFCE386E8772C" box="[987,1009,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">in</emphasis>
. The latter should have been a broken line, since it represents the surface contour of the lateral, concave, weakly defined pedofossa (‘leg cupboard’ in Jacot’s terminology) as seen by projection when studied under transmitted light (e.g., see
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA79CFC2A808977D4" author="Ohkubo" box="[1259,1424,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Ohkubo, N. (1984) Several species of Trichogalumna (Acarina, Oribatida) from Japan. Acarologia, 25 (3), 293 - 306." type="journal article" year="1984">Ohkubo 1984</bibRefCitation>
). Hammer’s (1972) figures are not as simple to interpret. She did not draw line
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA753FC17812A77B8" box="[1060,1075,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">L</emphasis>
, but did draw its carina on the contour: a point clearly visible in dorsal (Fig. 44) and ventral (Fig. 44c) aspects; such a point does not exist without the presence of line
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA20BFC5F84927060" box="[380,395,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">L</emphasis>
. She drew a solid line in Fig. 44, like the medial one of Willmann’s Fig. 67, but this clearly represents the lateral pedofossa, seen by transparency. Willmann thought seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA776FBBA810C7045" box="[1025,1045,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">le</emphasis>
was absent from
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA7ACFBBB80457045" box="[1243,1372,1052,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA7ACFBBB80457045" box="[1243,1372,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA3E0FBE785B77028" box="[151,174,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">ro</emphasis>
being the large seta extending beyond the rostrum in his Fig. 67.
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA0E1FBE6813B7028" author="Jacot" box="[918,1058,1088,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Jacot, A. P. (1934) The Galumnas (Oribatoidea-Acarina) of the Northeastern United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 42 (1), 87 - 125." type="journal article" year="1934">Jacot (1934)</bibRefCitation>
thought Willmann mistook
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA628FB99806A7028" box="[1375,1395,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">le</emphasis>
for
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA3E0FBC385B7700C" box="[151,174,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">ro</emphasis>
, with the real
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA22BFBC3846A700C" box="[348,371,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">ro</emphasis>
being hidden ventrally. In contrast, Hammer’s (1972, Fig. 44a) interpretation was that
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA61CFBC28066700D" box="[1387,1407,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">le</emphasis>
is minute in this species; this suggests that
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA12DFB21877770D0" box="[602,622,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">le</emphasis>
, not
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA1D1FB2F87A570D0" box="[678,700,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">ro</emphasis>
was the seta missing from Willmann’s figure. Hammer’s Fig. 44a is a dorsolateral view showing both lines
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA11CFB0B876370B4" box="[619,634,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">L</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA1C4FB0B87D870B4" box="[691,705,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">S</emphasis>
; the two lines curve ventrad, seeming to meet at a point near the rostral margin in her figure. However, this is probably an artifact of viewing angle and projection (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA78FFB76800D7098" box="[1272,1300,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">cf.</emphasis>
our
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441AFFCAA63EFB6980957098" box="[1353,1420,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), and probably they remain parallel in the usual way. In our opinion, Hammer wrongly transferred
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA78DFB538060717D" box="[1274,1401,1268,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA78DFB538060717D" box="[1274,1401,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA3E0FAB184377140" box="[151,302,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA3E0FAB184377140" box="[151,302,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Acrogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because she misinterpreted the nature of the prodorsal lines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441AFFCAA3B0FA9A845872CD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">
If Hammer’s (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA21CFA9B84A37124" box="[363,442,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">op. cit.</emphasis>
) identification of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA1FBFA9B86167125" box="[652,783,1340,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA1FBFA9B86167125" box="[652,783,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was correct, her figure (Fig. 44) clarifies the position of prodorsal porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA2E3FAF984AA7108" box="[404,435,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Ad</emphasis>
: the small area has its typical position, posterolateral to seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA704FAC781907108" box="[1139,1161,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">in</emphasis>
. We think the supposed porose area drawn by
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA2F8FA2287B771ED" author="Willmann" box="[399,686,1412,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Willmann, C. (1932) Oribatei (Acari), gesammelt von der deutschen limnologischen sunda-expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement-Band IX, Tropische Binnengewasser, 2, 240 - 305." type="journal article" year="1932">Willmann (1932, Fig. 67)</bibRefCitation>
in a more medial position actually represents the cluster of origins of cheliceral retractor muscles (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA288FA01870171B0" box="[511,536,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">hy</emphasis>
, our
<figureCitation id="BAFE2A30441AFFCAA122FA01878E71B0" box="[597,663,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[181,1393,210,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) adult (specimen from Columbia, Missouri): 1 — dorsal view (legs omitted); 2 — ventral view (legs omitted, gnathosoma represented only by slightly raised subcapitular mentum); 3 — lateral view (gnathosoma and legs omitted). Scale bar: 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801088/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), which Hammer correctly drew as an internal structure. Hammer’s figure also shows minute setae present in the
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA1E2FA6B87BA7194" box="[661,675,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">p</emphasis>
-row, while all other notogastral setae except
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA7D6FA6B81B47194" box="[1185,1197,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">c</emphasis>
(=
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA7A2FA6B81F27194" box="[1237,1259,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">ta</emphasis>
) and all ventral setae are non-emergent. Her ventral illustration (Fig. 44c) shows genital plates with the usual six pairs, rather than the two shown in Willmann’s Fig. 68: it is common for the anterior three pairs and even the posterior pair to be overlooked in galumnid mites, as they insert on the edge of the plate. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA70BF99E802D7220" author="Hammer" box="[1148,1332,1592,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Hammer, M. (1973) Oribatids from Tongatapu and Eua, the Tonga Islands, and from Upolu, Western Samoa. Det Kongelige Danske Fidenskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 20 (3), 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1973">Hammer (1973)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA3E0F9FA84BA7205" box="[151,419,1628,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA3E0F9FA84BA7205" box="[151,419,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Acrogalumna ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Tonga Island but without additional information on morphology. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA3E0F9D9873272E8" author="Bayartogtokh" box="[151,555,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Bayartogtokh, B. &amp; Akrami, M. A. (2014) The soil mite family Galumnidae of Iran (Acari: Oribatida). Journal of Natural History, 48 (15 - 16), 881 - 917." type="journal article" year="2014">Bayartogtokh and Akrami (2014)</bibRefCitation>
maintained this incorrect combination and did not question Hammer’s interpretations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B5441AFFCAA3B0F96184C073AD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">
The next generic recombination was to
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA1FBF961814F7290" authority="Willmann" authorityName="Willmann" box="[652,1110,1735,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="curva" subSpecies="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA1FBF96186D07290" box="[652,969,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Pergalumna curva ventralis</emphasis>
(Willmann)
</taxonomicName>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA7F0F96180637290" author="Marshall" box="[1159,1402,1735,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Marshall, V. G., Reeves, R. M. &amp; Norton, R. A. (1987) Catalogue of the Oribatida (Acari) of Continental United States and Canada. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 139, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1987">
Marshall
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA783F96F803F7290" box="[1268,1318,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">et al</emphasis>
. (1987
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 340). This action was not explained, but was done essentially to be consistent with
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA71CF94A803C7375" author="Johnston" box="[1131,1317,1772,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Johnston, D. E. (1965) A catalog of the determined species of Acari (excl. Ixodides) in the collections of the Institute of Acarology. Publication No. 145. Wooster, Ohio, 66 pp." type="book" year="1965">Johnston (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, who first recombined the nominate
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA2A3F8A987647358" box="[468,637,1807,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA2A3F8A987647358" box="[468,637,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Oribata curva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA1C5F8A981147358" authority="Ewing" authorityName="Ewing" box="[690,1037,1807,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvum">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA1C5F8A986867358" box="[690,927,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Pergalumna curvum</emphasis>
(Ewing)
</taxonomicName>
, maintaining Jacot’s unnecessary emendation of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA248F8938466733C" box="[319,383,1845,1868]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA248F8938466733C" box="[319,383,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">curva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, Ermilov
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA116F8938781733D" box="[609,664,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">et al</emphasis>
. (2014) rejected the inclusion of this mite in
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA7A2F8928047733D" box="[1237,1374,1844,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA7A2F8928047733D" box="[1237,1374,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Pergalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and transferred it to a fourth genus,
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA17AF8F187877300" box="[525,670,1879,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Allogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA17AF8F187877300" box="[525,670,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Allogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They cited Hammer’s (op. cit.) papers as evidence that line
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA618F8FF80677300" box="[1391,1406,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">L</emphasis>
is absent but, as reevaluated above, this is incorrect. In a recent species key to the world fauna of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA673F8DA845973C9" authority="Akrami (2015)" authorityName="Akrami" authorityYear="2015" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Allogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA673F8DA808C73E5" box="[1284,1429,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Allogalumna</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B44441AFFCAA3E0F806845973C9" author="Akrami" box="[151,320,1952,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" refString="Akrami, M. A. (2015) A new species of Allogalumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) from Iran, including a key to all species of the genus. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 63 (1), 205 - 224." type="journal article" year="2015">Akrami (2015)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
used the combination
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441AFFCAA132F807815573C9" authority="Willmann" authorityName="Willmann" box="[581,1100,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="curva" subGenus="Allogalumna" subSpecies="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA132F807874473C8" box="[581,605,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA107F806861873C9" box="[624,769,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">Allogalumna</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441AFFCAA064F80786A473C9" box="[787,957,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="557">curva ventralis</emphasis>
(Willmann)
</taxonomicName>
; he did not explain why only the subspecies was included.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="76BA663D441BFFCBA3E0F92F811F7383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801090/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="558" targetBox="[221,1374,189,1661]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="227A36B5441BFFCBA3E0F92F811F7383" blockId="7.[151,1437,1673,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA3E0F92F845572EF" bold="true" box="[151,332,1673,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">FIGURES 4–18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441BFFCBA22FF92C87C772D0" authority="Ewing, 1907" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1907" box="[344,734,1674,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA22FF92C872172D0" box="[344,568,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Trichogalumna curva</emphasis>
(Ewing, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
. Permanently slide-mounted historical adult specimens (see text). Photomicrographs (except 4) with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 4—cotype slide of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D36441BFFCBA67BF90E840272AD" authority="Ewing, 1907" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1907" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Oribata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA67BF90E808572CF" box="[1292,1436,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Oribata curva</emphasis>
Ewing, 1907
</taxonomicName>
; 5—dorsal habitus of cotype, with egg on right side; 6—distal part of right bothridial seta of cotype; 7—distal part of left bothridial seta of cotype; 8—left notogastral seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA1A9F94187F3728C" box="[734,746,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">p</emphasis>
3 of cotype; 9—left porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA745F9418157728C" box="[1074,1102,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Aa</emphasis>
of cotype at surface focus, with insert below at deep focus; 10—right porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA1E8F8A187A2736D" box="[671,699,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">A1</emphasis>
of cotype (surface focus); 11—right porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA7CAF8A181C3736D" box="[1213,1242,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">A2</emphasis>
of cotype (surface focus); 12—left porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA2B3F88084F9734B" box="[452,480,1830,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Aa</emphasis>
of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface (top, with base of seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA7CDF88381CA734B" box="[1210,1235,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">lm</emphasis>
) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 13—porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA2ADF8E284EE732A" box="[474,503,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">A1</emphasis>
(surface focus) of Ewing specimen from Arcola, Illinois, showing absence of slits; 14— porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA261F8C584287309" box="[278,305,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">A1</emphasis>
of Ewing specimen from Missouri at surface focus (and lyrifissure
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA08FF8C281087309" box="[1016,1041,1892,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">im</emphasis>
), with insert at deep focus; 15—right porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA7441BFFCBA266F824843773E7" box="[273,302,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="558">Aa</emphasis>
of Jacot specimen from North Carolina at surface (top) and deep (bottom insert) focus; 16—same, but different specimen from North Carolina, showing absence of slits; 17—partial right pteromorph of Jacot specimen from North Carolina (anterior to top); pteromorph of Ewing specimen from Urbana, Illinois (deteriorated glycerin medium, anterior to right), showing accentuated striae. Scale bars: 100 µm (5), 10 µm (6–18); 6–16 to same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="76BA663D4414FFC4A3E0F9CB87C97384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/801092/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="559" targetBox="[182,1412,193,1633]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="227A36B54414FFC4A3E0F9CB87C97384" blockId="8.[151,1436,1645,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A3E0F9CB844372F3" bold="true" box="[151,346,1645,1668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">FIGURES 19–31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364414FFC4A211F9C887F772F4" authority="Ewing, 1907" authorityName="Ewing" authorityYear="1907" box="[358,750,1646,1668]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A211F9C8875E72F4" box="[358,583,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Trichogalumna curva</emphasis>
(Ewing, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
, dissected adult specimens. Photomicrographs with transmitted, differential interference contrast illumination: 19—left porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A02FF929866A72D5" box="[856,883,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">A1</emphasis>
(surface focus) and surrounding region of specimen from Florida; 20—same specimen, but right
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A12BF916876E72B6" box="[604,631,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">A1</emphasis>
; 21—left porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A02CF916866E72B6" box="[859,887,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">A1</emphasis>
of second Florida specimen; 22—left area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A659F916805272B6" box="[1326,1355,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">A1</emphasis>
of third Florida specimen; 23—right area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A28EF975870F7298" box="[505,534,1747,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">Aa</emphasis>
of same specimen; 24 left area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A01BF97486907298" box="[876,905,1746,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">A2</emphasis>
of same specimen; 25—North Carolina specimen, anterior view of rostrum showing M-shaped inner excavation and inner rostral tooth (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A764F95281327379" box="[1043,1067,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">irt</emphasis>
) by transparency (damage includes vertical crack * and broken edge of thin rostral lobe); 26—same, but deeper focus to show rostrophragma (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A677F8B0800F735B" box="[1280,1302,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">rp</emphasis>
); 27—same, lateral view, showing deep inner excavation of rostral lobe into which tooth
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A0B6F89186C0733C" box="[961,985,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">irt</emphasis>
projects; 28—central region of notogaster, Florida specimen, showing transverse band of larger tubercles, with central region of longitudinal striae (arrow); 29—left genital region of New York specimen showing fine granules and minute striae (arrow) on epimeres 3 and 4, and long striae near genital plate; 30—same, but deep focus to show apodemes 3 and 4 (on either side of seta
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A734F83C814573C0" box="[1091,1116,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">3b</emphasis>
) and streaks (arrows) on inner cuticular surface in striate region; 31—same specimen, showing transverse band of large tubercles between aggenital seta (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74414FFC4A60DF81A808A73A1" box="[1402,1427,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="559">ag</emphasis>
) and anal plate. Scale bars: 10 µm (19–24 to same scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6ADF653E4415FFC5A3B0FF3184D67098" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="227A36B54415FFC5A3B0FF31800B76BC" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A3B0FF31877E74C0" bold="true" box="[199,615,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A3B0FF31877B74C0" authority="Hammer, 1958" authorityName="Hammer" authorityYear="1958" box="[199,610,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A3B0FF3184BE74C0" bold="true" box="[199,423,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Galumna duplicata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A2C7FF31877B74C0" author="Hammer" box="[432,610,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Hammer, M. (1958) Investigations on the oribatid fauna of the Andes Mountains. I. The Argentine and Bolivia. Det Kongelige Danske Fidenskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 10 (1), 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1958">Hammer, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This species (400 µm) was proposed based on specimens from
<collectingCountry id="5AD276254415FFC5A634FF31808174C0" box="[1347,1432,151,176]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, and the species epithet refers to a doubling of notogastral porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A0D3FF1A86DB74A4" box="[932,962,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">A3</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A0A6FF1A81FB74A4" author="Hammer" box="[977,1250,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Hammer, M. (1958) Investigations on the oribatid fauna of the Andes Mountains. I. The Argentine and Bolivia. Det Kongelige Danske Fidenskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 10 (1), 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1958">Hammer 1958, Fig. 114</bibRefCitation>
); the doubling is drawn as being longitudinal (in tandem), not side-by side as in Berlese’s (1914) purported figure of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A643FF7985EA756D" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A643FF7985EA756D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Galumna tantillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. She later reported the species from
<collectingCountry id="5AD276254415FFC5A1D5FEA387C1756C" box="[674,728,261,284]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Peru</collectingCountry>
, and added a ventral figure (
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A75FFEA28059756C" author="Hammer" box="[1064,1344,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Hammer, M. (1961) Investigations on the oribatid fauna of the Andes Mountains. II. Peru. Det Kongelige Danske Fidenskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 13 (1), 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1961">Hammer 1961, Fig. 123</bibRefCitation>
) but no further discussion.
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A21AFE8184EE7530" author="Aoki" box="[365,503,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Aoki, J. (1966) The large-winged mites of Japan (Acari: Cryptostigmata). Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Tokyo, 9 (3), 257 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">Aoki (1966)</bibRefCitation>
then reevaluated the generic relationships of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A080FE8E81997530" box="[1015,1152,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Galumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A080FE8E81997530" box="[1015,1152,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">G. duplicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and proposed a Japanese subspecies,
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A252FEEA86587515" authority="Aoki, 1966" authorityName="Aoki" authorityYear="1966" box="[293,833,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="duplicata" subSpecies="nipponica">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A252FEEA87B17514" box="[293,680,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Pergalumna duplicata nipponica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A1CFFEEA86587515" author="Aoki" box="[696,833,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Aoki, J. (1966) The large-winged mites of Japan (Acari: Cryptostigmata). Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Tokyo, 9 (3), 257 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">Aoki, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Unlike Hammer’s species, it was described and illustrated as having small, but distinct notogastral setae and a single porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A746FED6814975F8" box="[1073,1104,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">A3</emphasis>
. According to Aoki (
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A633FED7809575F8" box="[1348,1420,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">op. cit</emphasis>
), Hammer reexamined the
<typeStatus id="FD7E88174415FFC5A2C3FE3384FD75DD" box="[436,484,405,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A1F1FE33861675DD" box="[646,783,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A1F1FE33861675DD" box="[646,783,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">G. duplicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at his request, and corrected two significant observations. First, she found a single porose area
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A136FE1E877975A0" box="[577,608,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">A3</emphasis>
, not two, and considered the other structure (which of the two, was not indicated) to be a ‘gland’. This is odd, because other than porose organs and the opisthonotal gland, there are no glandular structures in that region of an oribatid mite notogaster. The ‘second’ structure may have been an unusually well-defined sigillum of the circumgastric muscle band, which passes across the notogaster in that region. Second, after reexamining her specimens in lateral view, Hammer corrected her original generic assessment, agreeing that
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A2C0FDCB872676F5" box="[439,575,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A2C0FDCB872676F5" box="[439,575,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">G. duplicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is instead a member of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A031FDCA86D676F5" ID-CoL="6L5C" box="[838,975,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A031FDCA86D676F5" box="[838,975,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Pergalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A73AFDCA81CF76F5" author="Aoki" box="[1101,1238,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Aoki, J. (1966) The large-winged mites of Japan (Acari: Cryptostigmata). Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Tokyo, 9 (3), 257 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">Aoki (1966)</bibRefCitation>
gave no specifics of this communication, her changed opinion must have resulted from seeing the presence of line
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A78AFD37801576D8" box="[1277,1292,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">L</emphasis>
in the more favorable lateral aspect. In this reexamination, she still found no emergent notogastral or ventral setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B54415FFC5A3B0FD71802C7748" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
Several years later,
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A2D3FD7E87867680" author="Hammer" box="[420,671,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Hammer, M. (1973) Oribatids from Tongatapu and Eua, the Tonga Islands, and from Upolu, Western Samoa. Det Kongelige Danske Fidenskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 20 (3), 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="p">Hammer (1973, p. 54)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A05FFD7E86A87680" box="[808,945,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A05FFD7E86A87680" box="[808,945,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">G. duplicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A7D3FD7E803C7680" box="[1188,1317,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A7D3FD7E803C7680" box="[1188,1317,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on her descriptions and figures of both species, the synonymy seems correct. Inexplicably, in 1973 she reverted to the combination
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A25DFCB987337748" box="[298,554,799,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Acrogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A25DFCB987337748" box="[298,554,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Acrogalumna ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, without commenting about Aoki’s (1966) discussion to the contrary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227A36B54415FFC5A3B0FCE284D67098" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A3B0FCE287E2772D" bold="true" box="[199,763,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A3B0FCE287EF772D" authority="Aoki, 1966" authorityName="Aoki" authorityYear="1966" box="[199,758,836,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="duplicata" subSpecies="nipponica">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A3B0FCE28741772D" bold="true" box="[199,600,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Pergalumna duplicata nipponica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A11DFCE287EF772D" author="Aoki" box="[618,758,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Aoki, J. (1966) The large-winged mites of Japan (Acari: Cryptostigmata). Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Tokyo, 9 (3), 257 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">Aoki, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A07AFCE286BB772D" author="Aoki" box="[781,930,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Aoki, J. (1966) The large-winged mites of Japan (Acari: Cryptostigmata). Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Tokyo, 9 (3), 257 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">Aoki (1966)</bibRefCitation>
discussed the problem of distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A3E0FCC1843877F0" ID-CoL="6L5C" box="[151,289,871,896]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A3E0FCC1843877F0" box="[151,289,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Pergalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A210FCC1870B77F0" ID-CoL="7ZC7" box="[359,530,871,896]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A210FCC1870B77F0" box="[359,530,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Trichogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but found no unique traits that would apply to all known species; therefore, he tentatively included his Japanese mite in
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A10BFC2A861C77D5" ID-CoL="6L5C" box="[636,773,908,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A10BFC2A861C77D5" box="[636,773,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Pergalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, distinguishing it from the nominate
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A7C9FC2B805177D5" box="[1214,1352,908,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicata">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A7C9FC2B805177D5" box="[1214,1352,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">P. duplicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of small body setae. Both decisions were altered when
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A0DFFC16818477B8" author="Wen" box="[936,1181,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Wen, Z. &amp; Aoki, J. (1983) Oribatid mite communities of Shijin (Shikine) Islet. Journal of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, 9 (1), 171 - 181." type="journal article" year="1983">Wen &amp; Aoki (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, without highlight or explanation, used the combination
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A156FC728683779D" ID-CoL="8TBLG" authority="Aoki" authorityName="Aoki" box="[545,922,980,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A156FC72865D779C" box="[545,836,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Trichogalumna nipponica</emphasis>
(Aoki)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="46544B444415FFC5A0D2FC72814B779C" author="Ohkubo" box="[933,1106,980,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" refString="Ohkubo, N. (1984) Several species of Trichogalumna (Acarina, Oribatida) from Japan. Acarologia, 25 (3), 293 - 306." type="journal article" year="1984">Ohkubo (1984)</bibRefCitation>
seems to have been unaware of this recombination and rank change in his careful treatment of Japanese
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A089FC5181B07060" ID-CoL="7ZC7" box="[1022,1193,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A089FC5181B07060" box="[1022,1193,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Trichogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, where these same changes were considered new. Ohkubo studied several Japanese
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A0DBFBBA814E7045" ID-CoL="7ZC7" box="[940,1111,1052,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A0DBFBBA814E7045" box="[940,1111,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Trichogalumna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that share a series of traits with
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A266FB99871D7028" ID-CoL="8T8QQ" box="[273,516,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Trichogalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A266FB99871D7028" box="[273,516,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">Trichogalumna curva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: all are small (400 µm or less), have a bothridial seta (sensillus) with a compact, asymmetrically swollen and distally tapered head, lack a dorsosejugal suture, have short and fine notogastral setae, and have small porose areas
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A2A9FB2E84E470D0" box="[478,509,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">A1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A17BFB2E873570D0" box="[524,556,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">A2</emphasis>
that are close together (within one or two diameters). He considered the
<typeStatus id="FD7E88174415FFC5A61CFB2F808570D1" box="[1387,1436,1161,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="E5C54D364415FFC5A389FB0B84B170B4" box="[254,424,1196,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Galumnidae" genus="Pergalumna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="duplicata" subSpecies="nipponica">
<emphasis id="10B1EAA74415FFC5A389FB0B84B170B4" box="[254,424,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="560">P. d. nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to include two species, distinguishable—like most species in his study—by their surface microsculpture (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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