1154 lines
152 KiB
XML
1154 lines
152 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="66FBD97D44DCACF3C5387AA883709CBB">Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="34666A3E284074595BBF563BCBE52529">Prins, Jurate De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4238641D37192216F160D86C94EF3B75">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4CBAED88FCADD59D90E33F9B87E26470">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="635232483C1D01144AEA8EACE0F35440">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03ADE350B1B7FF2DF1CFFC8C8D73C9AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6308686" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6308686" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B1B7FF2DF1CFFC8C8D73C9AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ADE350B1B7FF2DF1CFFC8C8D73C9AB" lastPageId="167" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB1B7FF2EF1CFFC8C8992CF5C" box="[151,472,799,825]" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B7FF2EF1CFFC8C8992CF5C" blockId="164.[151,472,799,825]" box="[151,472,799,825]" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
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<heading id="D0F3E52AB1B7FF2EF1CFFC8C8992CF5C" bold="true" box="[151,472,799,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF1CFFC8C8992CF5C" ID-CoL="8V6J2" authority="Braun, 1908" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,472,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFFC8C8992CF5C" bold="true" box="[151,472,799,825]" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFFC8C8972CF5C" bold="true" box="[151,312,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF067FC8C8992CF5C" author="Braun" box="[319,472,799,825]" firstAuthor="Braun" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="269 - 357" refId="ref190427" refString="Braun, A. F. (1908) Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Hubner. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 269 - 357, xx - xxiv pls." type="journal article" year="1908">Braun, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB1B7FF2EF1CFFCF48A0FCF19" box="[151,581,870,893]" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B7FF2EF1CFFCF48A0FCF19" blockId="164.[151,1436,870,923]" box="[151,581,870,893]" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB147568B1B7FF2EF1CFFCF48A0FCF19" box="[151,581,870,893]" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B1B7FF2EF1CFFCF4899ACF19" author="Braun, A. F." box="[151,464,870,893]" page="272" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" year="1908">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF1CFFCF4899ACF19" ID-CoL="8V6J2" authority="Braun 1908: 272" authorityName="Braun" authorityPageNumber="272" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,464,870,893]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFFCF4896ACF18" box="[151,288,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF07EFCF4899ACF19" author="Braun" box="[294,464,870,892]" firstAuthor="Braun" page="272" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="269 - 357" refId="ref190427" refString="Braun, A. F. (1908) Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Hubner. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 269 - 357, xx - xxiv pls." type="journal article" year="1908">Braun 1908: 272</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(key), 348.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB1B7FF2EF312FCF48B3DCFFE" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B7FF2EF312FCF48B3DCFFE" blockId="164.[151,1436,870,923]" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
|
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Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF381FCF48C32CF19" authority="Clemens, 1859" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1859" box="[729,1144,870,893]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF381FCF48B9DCF18" box="[729,983,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Lithocolletis desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF286FCF58C32CF19" author="Clemens" box="[990,1144,870,892]" firstAuthor="Clemens" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="317 - 328" refId="ref191339" refString="Clemens, B. (1859) Contribution to American Lepidopterology. - No. 2. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1859), 317 - 328." type="book chapter" year="1859">Clemens, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF44BFCF48DD6CF18" ID-CoL="8V6J2" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1299,1436,871,893]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF44BFCF48DD6CF18" box="[1299,1436,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
was established to denote a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF339FC168B39CFFE" ID-CoL="8VF5G" authority="Hubner, 1825" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[609,883,901,923]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF339FC168AAACFFE" box="[609,736,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Lithocolletis</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner, 1825
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB1B7FF2FF1CFFC548CC6C838" lastPageId="165" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B7FF2FF1CFFC54890ECF7C" blockId="164.[151,1436,967,2006]" lastBlockId="165.[151,1440,151,1118]" lastPageId="165" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFFC548921CF85" bold="true" box="[151,363,967,992]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" reason="1">Historic account.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF022FC5B8A52CFBA" author="Braun" box="[378,536,967,991]" firstAuthor="Braun" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="269 - 357" refId="ref190427" refString="Braun, A. F. (1908) Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Hubner. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 269 - 357, xx - xxiv pls." type="journal article" year="1908">Braun (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF3ECFC5B8B01CF85" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[692,843,968,992]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF3ECFC5B8B01CF85" box="[692,843,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF563FC5B8CA9CF85" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[1083,1251,968,992]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF563FC5B8CA9CF85" box="[1083,1251,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on four characters: i) forewing somewhat acuminate; ii) absence of vein R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B7FF2EF2FAFC688BE0C86C" attach="left" box="[930,938,1019,1033]" fontSize="6" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">3</subScript>
|
||
in forewing; iii) scape of antenna without pecten; iv) hind tibia without appressed hairs. In the same publication Braun assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF527FB80890BC82A" authority="Clemens, 1859" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF527FB808DD1C84E" box="[1151,1435,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Lithocolletis desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF1CFFBA4890BC82A" author="Clemens" box="[151,321,1079,1103]" firstAuthor="Clemens" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="317 - 328" refId="ref191339" refString="Clemens, B. (1859) Contribution to American Lepidopterology. - No. 2. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1859), 317 - 328." type="book chapter" year="1859">Clemens, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF031FBA48A4AC82A" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[361,512,1079,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF031FBA48A4AC82A" box="[361,512,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which remains the only Nearctic species belonging to this genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF45AFBA48DD6C82A" author="Busck" box="[1282,1436,1079,1103]" firstAuthor="Busck" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref191031" refString="Busck, A. (1909) Notes on Microlepidoptera, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 11, 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="1909">Busck (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confirmed the subgeneric status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF364FBC88A99C816" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[572,723,1115,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF364FBC88A99C816" box="[572,723,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and considered it closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF5D6FBC88D2DC816" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1166,1383,1115,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF5D6FBC88D2DC816" box="[1166,1383,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFFBEC8909C8F2" box="[151,323,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF1CFFBEC890AC8F2" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,320,1151,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllonorycter</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
These three taxa showed a “cylindrical” type of larvae, common to many present-day
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF1CFFB31890AC8DF" baseAuthorityName="De Prins & De Prins" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[151,320,1186,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lithocolletinae">Lithocolletinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF35FFB318A9DC8DF" author="Busck" box="[519,727,1186,1210]" firstAuthor="Busck" page="100" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref191031" refString="Busck, A. (1909) Notes on Microlepidoptera, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 11, 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="1909">Busck (1909: 100)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“are worthy of subgeneric rank...but to erect subgenera for two of the subdivisions [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF025FB548A5EC8BA" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[381,532,1223,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF025FB548A5EC8BA" box="[381,532,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF314FB548B61C8BA" box="[588,811,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF314FB548B62C8BA" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[588,808,1223,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cremastobombycia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
note JDP] of the one main branch and then include the other main branch [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF0D0FB788A49C966" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="1902" box="[392,515,1259,1283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF0D0FB788A49C966" box="[392,515,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Cameraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, note JDP] in the third subdivision [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF294FB788C39C966" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[972,1139,1259,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF294FB788C39C966" box="[972,1139,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, note JDP] is obviously unscientific”.Therefore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF0F5FA9C8A03C942" author="Busck" box="[429,585,1295,1319]" firstAuthor="Busck" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref191031" refString="Busck, A. (1909) Notes on Microlepidoptera, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 11, 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="1909">Busck (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only recogized two genera, 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF2E3FA9C8C88C942" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[955,1218,1295,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF2E3FA9C8C29C942" box="[955,1123,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including species currently in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF070FAA089F5C92E" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[296,447,1331,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF070FAA089F5C92E" box="[296,447,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF08AFAA08A30C92E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[466,634,1331,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF08AFAA08A30C92E" box="[466,634,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF3E1FAA08BD8C92E" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[697,914,1331,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF3E1FAA08BD8C92E" box="[697,914,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF2A5FAA08DD6C92F" authority="Chapman. Braun (1909)" authorityName="Chapman. Braun" authorityYear="1909" box="[1021,1436,1330,1355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF2A5FAA08C32C92E" box="[1021,1144,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Cameraria</emphasis>
|
||
Chapman.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF459FAA08DD6C92F" author="Braun" box="[1281,1436,1330,1354]" firstAuthor="Braun" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="419 - 423" refId="ref190466" refString="Braun, A. F. (1909) Phylogeny of the Lithocolletid group. Canadian Entomologist, 41, 419 - 423." type="journal article" year="1909">Braun (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
followed his division of lithocolletine species into two main branches “cylindrical larva” and “flat larva”, regarded the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF19CFAE88911C9F6" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[196,347,1403,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF19CFAE88911C9F6" box="[196,347,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group closely related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF3ECFAE88B16C9F6" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[692,860,1403,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF3ECFAE88B16C9F6" box="[692,860,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, but differently from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF5F4FAE98D02C9F7" author="Busck" box="[1196,1352,1402,1426]" firstAuthor="Busck" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref191031" refString="Busck, A. (1909) Notes on Microlepidoptera, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 11, 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="1909">Busck (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF1CFFA0C893AC9D2" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,368,1439,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFFA0C893AC9D2" box="[151,368,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the base of both branches. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF2EAFA0C8CDCC9D2" author="Braun" box="[946,1174,1439,1463]" firstAuthor="Braun" page="150" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="103 - 168" refId="ref190490" refString="Braun, A. F. (1914) Evolution of the color pattern in the microlepidopterous genus Lithocolletis. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 16, 103 - 168, iii - iv pls." type="journal article" year="1914">Braun (1914: 150)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
combined her larval morphological data with wing pattern data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF3F4FA518B13C9BF" baseAuthorityName="De Prins & De Prins" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[684,857,1474,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lithocolletinae">Lithocolletinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF512FA508CABC9BE" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1098,1249,1475,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF512FA508CABC9BE" box="[1098,1249,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF1CFFA748974C99A" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,318,1511,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFFA748974C99A" box="[151,318,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF0D1FA748A2BC99A" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[393,609,1511,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF0D1FA748A2BC99A" box="[393,609,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in its modern form) and the “flat-larval group”[
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF5C5FA748D55C99A" box="[1181,1311,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF5C5FA748D51C99A" authorityName="Chapman. Braun" authorityYear="1909" box="[1181,1307,1511,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cameraria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
note JDP] originated at a somewhat later period than the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF254F9988BD2CA46" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[780,920,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF254F9988BD2CA46" box="[780,920,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Lithocolletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF2F3F9988C1DCA46" box="[939,1111,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF2F3F9988C19CA46" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[939,1107,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllonorycter</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
note JDP]”. The taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF047F9BC89FCCA22" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[287,438,1583,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF047F9BC89FCCA22" box="[287,438,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained an item for discussions for microlepidopterists. Differently from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF1CFF9C0893ACA0E" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,368,1619,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFF9C0893ACA0E" box="[151,368,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was treated at generic level by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF278F9C18BAACA0F" author="Meyrick" box="[800,992,1618,1642]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" refId="ref197822" refString="Meyrick, E. (1912 b) Lepidoptera Heterocera (Tineae). Fam. Gracilariadae. In: Wytsman, P. (ed.): Genera Insectorum. Fascicule 128. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Imprimeurs-Editeurs, 36 pp., pl. 1." type="book" year="1912" yearSuffix="b">Meyrick (1912b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF2B4F9C08C39CA0E" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1859" box="[1004,1139,1619,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF2B4F9C08C39CA0E" box="[1004,1139,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated by Meyrick in the same publication as a species of the group C of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF3B2F9E48B3CCAEA" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[746,886,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF3B2F9E48B3CCAEA" box="[746,886,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Lithocolletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF2EFF9E48C3ACAEA" author="DeGryse" box="[951,1136,1655,1679]" firstAuthor="DeGryse" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="164 - 168" refId="ref191938" refString="DeGryse, J. J. (1916) The hypermetamorphism of the lepidopterous sapfeeders. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 18, 164 - 168." type="journal article" year="1916">DeGryse (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in a publication on larval hypermetamorphism, recognized
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF342F9088AE9CAD6" box="[538,675,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porhyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
as a separate genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF2F2F9098C62CAD7" author="Ely" box="[938,1064,1690,1714]" firstAuthor="Ely" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="29 - 77" refId="ref192715" refString="Ely, C. R. (1918) A revision of the North-American Gracilariidae [sic] from the standpoint of venation. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 19 B (1917), 29 - 77." type="journal article" year="1918">Ely (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF59FF9088D14CAD6" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1223,1374,1691,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF59FF9088D14CAD6" box="[1223,1374,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate genus based on wing venation and listed the same diagnostic characters which were presented in the original description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF0C2F9708A79CA9F" author="Braun" box="[410,563,1762,1786]" firstAuthor="Braun" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="269 - 357" refId="ref190427" refString="Braun, A. F. (1908) Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Hubner. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 269 - 357, xx - xxiv pls." type="journal article" year="1908">Braun (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was followed by most subsequent workers (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF5E1F9718DDDCA9F" author="McDunnough" box="[1209,1431,1762,1786]" firstAuthor="McDunnough" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref197432" refString="McDunnough, J. H. (1939) Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 2. Microlepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 2, 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1939">McDunnough 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF1CFF8948906CB7A" author="Bourquin" box="[151,332,1799,1823]" firstAuthor="Bourquin" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="509 - 518" refId="ref190255" refString="Bourquin, F. (1951) Cuatro notas sobre metamorfosis de Microlepidopteros. I. " Aristotelia perplexa " Clarke II. " Parastega hemisigna " Clarke III. " Porphyrosella sp. " IV. " Darlia praetexta " Clarke. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 12, 509 - 518, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1951">Bourquin 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF039F89489B3CB7A" author="Clarke" box="[353,505,1799,1823]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref191307" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1953) A new Porphyrosela from Argentina (Gracillariidae; Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 13, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1953">Clarke 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF3CBF8948B03CB7A" author="Fletcher" box="[659,841,1799,1823]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 244" refId="ref193219" refString="Fletcher, T. B. (1929) A list of the generic names used for Microlepidoptera. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India. Entomological Series, 11, 1 - 244." type="journal article" year="1929">Fletcher (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
still considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF547F8948CFCCB7A" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1055,1206,1799,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF547F8948CFCCB7A" box="[1055,1206,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF1CFF8B88969CB26" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,291,1835,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF1CFF8B88969CB26" box="[151,291,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Lithocolletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF060F8B9898FCB27" author="Vari" box="[312,453,1834,1858]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his seminal treatment of Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF29DF8B98C24CB27" authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" box="[965,1134,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Lithocolletidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lithocolletidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
added and corrected the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF0F3F8DC8A09CB02" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[427,579,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF0F3F8DC8A09CB02" box="[427,579,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because some of the characters were erroneous. For instance, he noted that the scape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF072F8E0898BCBEE" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[298,449,1907,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF072F8E0898BCBEE" box="[298,449,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a pecten with a few hairs, that four apical veins are most probably present in the forewing, that the hindwing is narrower than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF3F7F8048B1CCBCA" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[687,854,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF3F7F8048B1CCBCA" box="[687,854,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that Rs and M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B7FF2EF569F8358C73CBD1" attach="left" box="[1073,1081,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">1</subScript>
|
||
are coincident at their base and very weakly sclerotized. Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B7FF2EF30AF82E8A9DCBB0" author="Vari" box="[594,727,1981,2005]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the simple diagnostic difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B7FF2EF45CF82E8DD1CBB0" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1284,1435,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B7FF2EF45CF82E8DD1CBB0" box="[1284,1435,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF191FF0B893ACCD5" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[201,368,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF191FF0B893ACCD5" box="[201,368,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that the anterior apophyses are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF239FF0B8BB2CCD5" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[865,1016,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF239FF0B8BB2CCD5" box="[865,1016,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF5EBFF0B8D13CCD5" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[1203,1369,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF5EBFF0B8D13CCD5" box="[1203,1369,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF432FF048890CCB1" author="Vari" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF1BDFF2F8954CCB1" author="Vari" box="[229,286,188,212]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref201538" refString="Vari, L. (1963) Neue afrikanische Microlepidoptera. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, N. F., 20, 1 - 12, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) added the descriptions of two Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF254FF2F8BB1CCB1" box="[780,1019,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF254FF2F8BEECCB1" box="[780,932,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the two species then recognized in the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF048FF7389F1CC92" author="Kumata" box="[272,443,223,247]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confirmed and broadened the definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF2FDFF738C76CC9D" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[933,1084,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF2FDFF738C76CC9D" box="[933,1084,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by noting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF5BFFF738D34CC9D" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1255,1406,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF5BFFF738D34CC9D" box="[1255,1406,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Asia have a hairy pecten on the scape, tufted upperside of hind tibia, and veins R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B6FF2FF517FE808C1DCD44" attach="left" box="[1103,1111,275,289]" fontSize="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">3</subScript>
|
||
, R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B6FF2FF523FE808CC9CD44" attach="left" box="[1147,1155,275,289]" fontSize="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">4</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B6FF2FF58AFE808C90CD44" attach="left" box="[1234,1242,275,289]" fontSize="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">5</subScript>
|
||
in the forewing.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF1CFFEB88908CD27" author="Kumata" box="[151,322,298,322]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also noted that veins in the hindwing are very weakly sclerotized, and that three pairs of sensillae represent the veins Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B6FF2FF0CBFECD89D1CD09" attach="left" box="[403,411,350,364]" fontSize="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">1</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B6FF2FF09AFECD8980CD09" attach="left" box="[450,458,350,364]" fontSize="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B6FF2FF342FECD8A68CD09" attach="left" box="[538,546,350,364]" fontSize="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">2</subScript>
|
||
which might serve as a diagnostic character separating it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF5B6FEDC8DDECD02" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[1262,1428,335,359]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF5B6FEDC8DDECD02" box="[1262,1428,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF1CFFEE5890BCDE8" author="Kumata" box="[151,321,373,397]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added another diagnostic character found in the male genitalia: the tegumen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF59CFEE68D16CDE8" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1220,1372,373,397]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF59CFEE68D16CDE8" box="[1220,1372,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a pair of apical setae, which easily separates this genus from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF204FE0A8C49CDD4" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[860,1027,409,433]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF204FE0A8C49CDD4" box="[860,1027,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which lacks apical setae. Kumata transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF040FE2D8A74CDB0" authority="Meyrick, 1882" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1882" box="[280,574,445,470]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF040FE2D89C7CDB3" box="[280,397,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">aglaozona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF0CDFE2E8A74CDB0" author="Meyrick" box="[405,574,445,469]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="148 - 202" refId="ref197650" refString="Meyrick, E. (1882) Descriptions of Australian Microlepidoptera. vii. Revisional. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 7, 148 - 202." type="journal article" year="1882">Meyrick, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF313FE2D8B3ACDB0" authority="Lower, 1897" authorityName="Lower" authorityYear="1897" box="[587,880,445,470]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dismochrysa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF313FE2D8A93CDB3" box="[587,729,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">dismochrysa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF3B9FE2D8B3ACDB0" author="Lower" box="[737,880,445,469]" firstAuthor="Lower" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="10 - 32" refId="ref197134" refString="Lower, O. B. (1897) Descriptions of new species of Australian Lepidoptera, with notes on synonymy. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 22, 10 - 32." type="journal article" year="1897">Lower, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[misspelled as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF57AFE2D8CFECDB3" box="[1058,1204,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">desmochrysa</emphasis>
|
||
, note JDP],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF41BFE2D890BCD9C" authority="Meyrick, 1912" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorinda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF41BFE2D8DD6CDB3" box="[1347,1436,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">dorinda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF1CFFE72890BCD9C" author="Meyrick" box="[151,321,481,505]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" journalOrPublisher="Marlborough" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 32" part="1" refId="ref197800" refString="Meyrick, E. (1912 a) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 1 (1), 1 - 32." title="Exotic Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1912">Meyrick, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF009FE728A28CD9C" authority="Meyrick, 1916" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Meryrick" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[337,610,481,505]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neodoxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF009FE7289FACD9C" box="[337,432,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">neodoxa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF0E2FE728A28CD9C" author="Meyrick" box="[442,610,481,505]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="609 - 640" refId="ref197875" refString="Meyrick, E. (1916) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 1 (20), 609 - 640." type="journal article" year="1916">Meyrick, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF3F8FE728B95CD9C" authority="Wise, 1957" authorityName="Wise" authorityYear="1957" box="[672,991,481,505]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardenbergiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF3F8FE728B18CD9C" box="[672,850,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">hardenbergiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF205FE728B95CD9C" author="Wise" box="[861,991,481,505]" firstAuthor="Wise" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref202293" refString="Wise, K. A. J. (1957) A new species of Lithocolletis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from New Zealand. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series B, Taxonomy), 26, 26 - 28, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1957">Wise, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF573FE728C99CD9C" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[1067,1235,481,505]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF573FE728C99CD9C" box="[1067,1235,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF5A5FE728DD6CD9C" box="[1277,1436,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF5A5FE728DDDCD9C" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1277,1431,481,505]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Porphyrosela</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF052FD958A56CE78" authority="Kumata, 1993" authorityName="Kumata" authorityYear="1993" box="[266,540,517,542]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF052FD95893BCE7B" box="[266,369,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">alternata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF022FD958A56CE78" author="Kumata" box="[378,540,517,541]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, augmenting the list of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF272FD958C50CE78" box="[810,1050,517,542]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF272FD958B8BCE7B" box="[810,961,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to ten. Publications that followed mainly catalogued the known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF358FDBA8ABFCE24" box="[512,757,553,577]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF358FDBA8ADDCE24" box="[512,663,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and contained additional biological and distribution data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF1C6FDDE89C2CE00" author="Biezanko" box="[158,392,589,614]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Biezanko" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref190122" refString="Biezanko, C. M., Ruffinelli, A. & Link, D. (1978) Catalogue of Lepidoptera of the Republic of Uruguay. Centro de Ciencias Rurais, 84 pp." type="book" year="1978">
|
||
Biezanko
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF048FDDD890ACE03" box="[272,320,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1978
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF0CCFDDD8A19CE00" author="Inoue" box="[404,595,589,614]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Inoue" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref194570" refString="Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S. & Kawabe, A. (1982) Moths of Japan. Volume 1. Text. Volume 2. Plates and synonymic catalogue. Kodansha, Tokyo, 966 pp. (vol. 1), 552 pp (vol. 2)." type="book" year="1982">
|
||
Inoue
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF082FDDD8A58CE03" box="[474,530,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF306FDDD8AB9CE00" author="Brower" box="[606,755,589,613]" firstAuthor="Brower" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref190652" refString="Brower, A. E. (1984) A List of the Lepidoptera of Maine, Part 2: The Microlepidoptera, Section 2; Cosmopterigidae through Hepialidae. Technical Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, 114, i - x, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1984">Brower 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF3A6FDDE8B85CE00" author="Grehan" box="[766,975,589,614]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Grehan" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref193806" refString="Grehan, J. R., Parker, B. L., Nielsen, G. R., Miller, D. H., Hedbor, J. D., Sabourin, M. & Griggs, M. S. (1995) Moths and butterflies of Vermont (Lepidoptera). A faunal checklist. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Vermont. Vermont Miscellaeous Publication, 116, i - xi, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Grehan
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF20FFDDD8BC4CE03" box="[855,910,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF283FDDE8C2DCE00" author="Covell" box="[987,1127,589,613]" firstAuthor="Covell" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 220" refId="ref191373" refString="Covell, C. V., Jr. (1999) The butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) of Kentucky: an annotated checklist. Kentucky State Nature Preserves Comission Scientific and Technical Series, 6, i - liv, 1 - 220." type="journal article" year="1999">Covell 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF52AFDDE8CADCE00" author="Sugi" box="[1138,1255,589,613]" firstAuthor="Sugi" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref200101" refString="Sugi, S. (2000) Post - Moths of Japan. Edition 2. Additions of species and changes in names of Japanese moths. The Japan Heterocerists' Society, 171 pp." type="book" year="2000">Sugi 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF5A9FDDE889BCEEC" author="Dall'Asta" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Dall’Asta
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF43CFDDD8DDFCE03" box="[1380,1429,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF187FDE289D3CEEC" author="Vari" box="[223,409,625,649]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref201604" refString="Vari, L., Kroon, D. M. & Kruger, M. (2002) Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa. Simple Solutions, Chatswood, xxi + 385 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Vári
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF042FDE18906CEEC" box="[282,332,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF0FFFDE18A91CEEC" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[423,731,625,649]" firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF3B1FDE28BD2CEEC" author="Bai" box="[745,920,625,649]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bai" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="495 - 509" refId="ref189737" refString="Bai, H. Y., Li, H. H. & Kendrick, R. C. (2009) Microlepidoptera of Hong Kong: Checklist of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera: Gracillarioideae). SHILAP, Revista de Lepidopterologia, 37, 495 - 509." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Bai
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF240FDE18B01CEEC" box="[792,843,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or data on parasitic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF5CCFDE18D66CEEF" box="[1172,1324,626,650]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
attacking
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1CFFD058965CECB" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,303,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1CFFD058965CECB" box="[151,303,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF01AFD068A4FCEC8" author="Yoshimoto" box="[322,517,661,685]" firstAuthor="Yoshimoto" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="907 - 930" refId="ref202419" refString="Yoshimoto, C. M. (1977) The North American species of the genus Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Canadian Entomologist, 109, 907 - 930." type="journal article" year="1977">Yoshimoto 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF34EFD068AEBCEC8" author="Maier" box="[534,673,661,685]" firstAuthor="Maier" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="728 - 732" refId="ref197172" refString="Maier, C. T. (1988) Gracillariid hosts of Sympiesis marylandensis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in New England. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 81, 728 - 732." type="journal article" year="1988">Maier 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF3EAFD068B05CEC8" author="Kamijo" box="[690,847,661,685]" firstAuthor="Kamijo" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref194898" refString="Kamijo, K. (1991) Revision of North American Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Akitu, N. S., 124, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1991">Kamijo 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF230FD058C5ACEC8" author="Kumata" box="[872,1040,661,685]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata (1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF57AFD068C11CEC8" author="Kumata" box="[1058,1115,661,685]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="105 - 131" refId="ref195812" refString="Kumata, T. (1995) Some species of the subfamily Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera) collected in the Philippines. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 52, 105 - 131." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provided a much detailed redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF009FD2A8B45CEB4" authority="(Meyrick, 1912)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[337,783,697,721]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorinda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF009FD2A8A03CEB4" box="[337,585,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela dorinda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF302FD2A8B4CCEB4" author="Meyrick" box="[602,774,697,721]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" journalOrPublisher="Marlborough" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 32" part="1" refId="ref197800" refString="Meyrick, E. (1912 a) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 1 (1), 1 - 32." title="Exotic Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1912">Meyrick, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The preimaginal stages of the genus, based on the detail examination of larval and pupal characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF3FDFD4D8C64CE90" authority="Clarke, 1953" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[677,1070,733,758]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF3FDFD4D8BD9CE90" box="[677,915,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela minuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF2C4FD4E8C64CE90" author="Clarke" box="[924,1070,733,757]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref191307" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1953) A new Porphyrosela from Argentina (Gracillariidae; Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 13, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1953">Clarke, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF5ADFD4D890ACF7C" author="Bentancourt & Scatoni" firstAuthor="Bentancourt" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="514 - 519" refId="ref190014" refString="Bentancourt, C. M. & Scatoni, I. B. (2007) Morphology and biology of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke 1953 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae) in Uruguay. Neotropical Entomology, 36, 514 - 519." type="journal article" year="2007">Bentancourt & Scatoni (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B6FF2FF19FFCB68CC6C838" blockId="165.[151,1440,151,1118]" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF19FFCB68914CF58" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[199,350,805,829]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF19FFCB68914CF58" box="[199,350,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in all biogeographical regions except Antarctica, although the genus included only 10 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF1A3FCDA8A77CF04" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[251,573,841,865]" firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="41 - 62" refId="ref192110" refString="De Prins, J. & Sruoga, V. (2012) A review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae), with description of new species. Zootaxa, 3488, 41 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">De Prins & De Prins 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Palaearctic region, there are two recognized species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF44DFCD9897ECFE0" authority="Kumata, 1993" authorityName="Kumata" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF44DFCD98DD6CF04" box="[1301,1436,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF1CFFCFD897ECFE0" author="Kumata" box="[151,308,877,901]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF033FCFD8AE2CFE0" authority="(Meyrick, 1912))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[363,680,877,901]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorinda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF033FCFD8994CFE0" box="[363,478,877,901]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. dorinda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF0B4FCFE8ADCCFE0" author="Meyrick" box="[492,662,877,901]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" journalOrPublisher="Marlborough" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 32" part="1" refId="ref197800" refString="Meyrick, E. (1912 a) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 1 (1), 1 - 32." title="Exotic Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1912">Meyrick, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the Nearctic region there is one (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF563FCFD8DC5CFE0" authority="Clemens, 1859" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1859" box="[1083,1423,877,901]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF563FCFD8C97CFE0" box="[1083,1245,877,901]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF5BCFCFE8DC5CFE0" author="Clemens" box="[1252,1423,877,901]" firstAuthor="Clemens" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="317 - 328" refId="ref191339" refString="Clemens, B. (1859) Contribution to American Lepidopterology. - No. 2. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1859), 317 - 328." type="book chapter" year="1859">Clemens, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in the Neotropical region there are two (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF301FC018BE1CFCC" authority="Clemens, 1859" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1859" box="[601,939,913,937]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF301FC018AB6CFCC" box="[601,764,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF25BFC028BE1CFCC" author="Clemens" box="[771,939,913,937]" firstAuthor="Clemens" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="317 - 328" refId="ref191339" refString="Clemens, B. (1859) Contribution to American Lepidopterology. - No. 2. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1859), 317 - 328." type="book chapter" year="1859">Clemens, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF2BAFC018CACCFCC" authority="Clarke, 1953" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[994,1254,913,937]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF2BAFC018C01CFCC" box="[994,1099,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF50AFC028CACCFCC" author="Clarke" box="[1106,1254,913,937]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref191307" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1953) A new Porphyrosela from Argentina (Gracillariidae; Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 13, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1953">Clarke, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in the Oriental region there are three (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF0C5FC258A87CFA8" authority="Kumata, 1993" authorityName="Kumata" authorityYear="1993" box="[413,717,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF0C5FC258A6BCFAB" box="[413,545,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF372FC258A87CFA8" author="Kumata" box="[554,717,949,973]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF383FC258C59CFA8" authority="(Meyrick, 1912)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[731,1043,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorinda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF383FC258B1ACFAB" box="[731,848,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. dorinda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF239FC268C41CFA8" author="Meyrick" box="[865,1035,949,973]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" journalOrPublisher="Marlborough" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 32" part="1" refId="ref197800" refString="Meyrick, E. (1912 a) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 1 (1), 1 - 32." title="Exotic Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1912">Meyrick, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF515FC258DD2CFA8" authority="(Meyrick, 1916))" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Meryrick" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1101,1432,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neodoxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF515FC258C80CFAB" box="[1101,1226,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. neodoxa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF582FC268DCFCFA8" author="Meyrick" box="[1242,1413,949,973]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="609 - 640" refId="ref197875" refString="Meyrick, E. (1916) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 1 (20), 609 - 640." type="journal article" year="1916">Meyrick, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in the Australian region there are three (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF3C9FC498BACCF94" authority="(Meyrick, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[657,998,985,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF3C9FC498B69CF94" box="[657,803,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. aglaozona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF26AFC4A8B94CF94" author="Meyrick" box="[818,990,985,1009]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="148 - 202" refId="ref197650" refString="Meyrick, E. (1882) Descriptions of Australian Microlepidoptera. vii. Revisional. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 7, 148 - 202." type="journal article" year="1882">Meyrick, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF2ABFC498D00CF94" authority="(Lower, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Lower" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1011,1354,985,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dismochrysa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF2ABFC498CD4CF94" box="[1011,1182,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. dismochrysa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF5F5FC4A8D0BCF94" author="Lower" box="[1197,1345,985,1009]" firstAuthor="Lower" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="10 - 32" refId="ref197134" refString="Lower, O. B. (1897) Descriptions of new species of Australian Lepidoptera, with notes on synonymy. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 22, 10 - 32." type="journal article" year="1897">Lower, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF4DFFC4989B2C870" authority="(Wise, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Wise" baseAuthorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardenbergiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF4DFFC498903C873" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. hardenbergiella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF03AFC6E89BAC870" author="Wise" box="[354,496,1021,1045]" firstAuthor="Wise" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref202293" refString="Wise, K. A. J. (1957) A new species of Lithocolletis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from New Zealand. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series B, Taxonomy), 26, 26 - 28, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1957">Wise, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Afrotropical region was represented by two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF52DFC6D8D39C870" box="[1141,1395,1021,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF52DFC6D8D46C873" box="[1141,1292,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF4DFFC6D89E9C85C" authority="Vari, 1963" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homotropha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF4DFFC6D8955C85C" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. homotropha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF070FBB289E9C85C" author="Vari" box="[296,419,1057,1081]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref201538" refString="Vari, L. (1963) Neue afrikanische Microlepidoptera. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, N. F., 20, 1 - 12, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1963">Vári, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF087FBB18A96C85C" authority="Vari, 1961" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1961" box="[479,732,1057,1081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Porhyrosela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teramni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF087FBB18A1EC85C" box="[479,596,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. teramni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF306FBB28A96C85C" author="Vari" box="[606,732,1057,1081]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Herebelow, we present two more Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF45CFBB288A2C838" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF45CFBB28DD1C85C" box="[1284,1435,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
augmenting the number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF346FBD58B47C838" box="[542,781,1093,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF346FBD58AFFC83B" box="[542,693,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Afrotropical region to four.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7B02CEB1B6FF2FF1CFFB1E8DC3C8C1" ID-Table-UUID="DF7B02CEB1B6FF2FF1CFFB1E8DC3C8C1" box="[151,1417,1165,1189]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7B02CEB1B6FF2FF1CFFB1E8DC3C8C1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" startId="165.[151,238,1165,1189]" targetBox="[165,1401,1221,1860]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="165">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B6FF2FF1CFFB1E8DC3C8C1" blockId="165.[151,1417,1165,1189]" box="[151,1417,1165,1189]" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1CFFB1E8942C8C0" bold="true" box="[151,264,1165,1189]" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF056FB1E89A6C8C1" box="[270,492,1165,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF056FB1E89D1C8C1" box="[270,411,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and their biogeographical regions. Twelve species are currently recognized in the world.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B6FF2FF349FB568D5DCB21" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<table id="F904A0E6B1B60075F1FDFB568D33CB21" box="[165,1401,1221,1860]" gridcols="7" gridrows="15" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDFB568D33C8BE" box="[165,1401,1221,1243]" gridrow="0" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDFB568D33C8BE" box="[165,1401,1221,1243]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Region</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDFB618D33C96D" box="[165,1401,1266,1288]" gridrow="1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDFB6189BAC96D" box="[165,496,1266,1288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Species</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F348FB618AC7C96D" box="[528,653,1266,1288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Afrotropical</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F399FB618B60C96D" box="[705,810,1266,1288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Australian</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F203FB618BFBC96D" box="[859,945,1266,1288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Nearctic</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F287FB618C1CC96D" box="[991,1110,1266,1288]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Neotropical</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F5D1FB618C96C96D" box="[1161,1244,1266,1288]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Oriental</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F452FB618D33C96D" box="[1290,1401,1266,1288]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Palaearctic</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDFA8D8D33C951" box="[165,1401,1310,1332]" gridrow="2" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDFA8D89BAC951" box="[165,496,1310,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDFA8C899DC951" authority="(Meyrick, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[165,471,1310,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaozona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDFA8C8960C951" box="[165,298,1310,1332]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. aglaozona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF060FA8D899AC951" author="Meyrick" box="[312,464,1310,1332]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="148 - 202" refId="ref197650" refString="Meyrick, E. (1882) Descriptions of Australian Microlepidoptera. vii. Revisional. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 7, 148 - 202." type="journal article" year="1882">Meyrick, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F399FA8D8B60C951" box="[705,810,1310,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDFAD98D33C905" box="[165,1401,1354,1376]" gridrow="3" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDFAD989BAC905" box="[165,496,1354,1376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDFAD889FEC905" authority="Kumata, 1993" authorityName="Kumata" authorityYear="1993" box="[165,436,1354,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDFAD88954C905" box="[165,286,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF07CFAD989FEC905" author="Kumata" box="[292,436,1354,1376]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F5D1FAD98C96C905" box="[1161,1244,1354,1376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F452FAD98D33C905" box="[1290,1401,1354,1376]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDFAE58D33C9E9" box="[165,1401,1398,1420]" gridrow="4" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDFAE589BAC9E9" box="[165,496,1398,1420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDFAE48993C9E9" authority="Clemens, 1859" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1859" box="[165,473,1398,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDFAE48971C9E9" box="[165,315,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. desmodiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF01AFAE58993C9E9" author="Clemens" box="[322,473,1398,1420]" firstAuthor="Clemens" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="317 - 328" refId="ref191339" refString="Clemens, B. (1859) Contribution to American Lepidopterology. - No. 2. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1859), 317 - 328." type="book chapter" year="1859">Clemens, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F203FAE58BFBC9E9" box="[859,945,1398,1420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F287FAE58C1CC9E9" box="[991,1110,1398,1420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDFA318D33C9DD" box="[165,1401,1442,1464]" gridrow="5" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDFA3189BAC9DD" box="[165,496,1442,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDFA3089EEC9DD" authority="De Prins" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[165,420,1442,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmodivora" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDFA30890EC9DD" box="[165,324,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. desmodivora</emphasis>
|
||
De Prins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243332FB1B6FF2FF0F7FA3189ACC9D2" box="[431,486,1442,1463]" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F348FA318AC7C9DD" box="[528,653,1442,1464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDFA5D8D33C981" box="[165,1401,1486,1508]" gridrow="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDFA5D89BAC981" box="[165,496,1486,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDFA5C8993C981" authority="(Lower, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Lower" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[165,473,1486,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dismochrysa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDFA5C890BC981" box="[165,321,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. dismochrysa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF017FA5D8999C981" author="Lower" box="[335,467,1486,1508]" firstAuthor="Lower" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="10 - 32" refId="ref197134" refString="Lower, O. B. (1897) Descriptions of new species of Australian Lepidoptera, with notes on synonymy. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 22, 10 - 32." type="journal article" year="1897">Lower, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F399FA5D8B60C981" box="[705,810,1486,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDFA698D33CA75" box="[165,1401,1530,1552]" gridrow="7" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDFA6989BACA75" box="[165,496,1530,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDFA6889F7CA75" authority="(Meyrick, 1912)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[165,445,1530,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorinda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDFA68895BCA75" box="[165,273,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. dorinda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF046FA6989FCCA75" author="Meyrick" box="[286,438,1530,1552]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" journalOrPublisher="Marlborough" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 32" part="1" refId="ref197800" refString="Meyrick, E. (1912 a) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 1 (1), 1 - 32." title="Exotic Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1912">Meyrick, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F5D1FA698C96CA75" box="[1161,1244,1530,1552]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F452FA698D33CA75" box="[1290,1401,1530,1552]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDF9B58D33CA59" box="[165,1401,1574,1596]" gridrow="8" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDF9B589BACA59" box="[165,496,1574,1596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDF9B48930CA59" authority="De Prins" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[165,378,1574,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gautengi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDF9B48950CA59" box="[165,282,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. gautengi</emphasis>
|
||
De Prins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243332FB1B6FF2FF0DDF9B489F1CA59" box="[389,443,1575,1596]" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F348F9B58AC7CA59" box="[528,653,1574,1596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDF9C18D33CA0D" box="[165,1401,1618,1640]" gridrow="9" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDF9C189BACA0D" box="[165,496,1618,1640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDF9C089A5CA0D" authority="(Wise, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Wise" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[165,495,1618,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardenbergiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDF9C0892ECA0D" box="[165,356,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. hardenbergiella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF02AF9C189A2CA0D" author="Wise" box="[370,488,1618,1640]" firstAuthor="Wise" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref202293" refString="Wise, K. A. J. (1957) A new species of Lithocolletis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from New Zealand. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series B, Taxonomy), 26, 26 - 28, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1957">Wise, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F399F9C18B60CA0D" box="[705,810,1618,1640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDF9ED8D33CAF1" box="[165,1401,1662,1684]" gridrow="10" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDF9ED89BACAF1" box="[165,496,1662,1684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDF9EC89FACAF1" authority="Vari, 1963" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1963" box="[165,432,1662,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homotropha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDF9EC8977CAF1" box="[165,317,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. homotropha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF01CF9ED89FACAF1" author="Vari" box="[324,432,1662,1684]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref201538" refString="Vari, L. (1963) Neue afrikanische Microlepidoptera. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, N. F., 20, 1 - 12, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1963">Vári, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F348F9ED8AC7CAF1" box="[528,653,1662,1684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDF9398D33CAA5" box="[165,1401,1706,1728]" gridrow="11" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDF93989BACAA5" box="[165,496,1706,1728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDF93889DBCAA5" authority="Clarke, 1953" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[165,401,1706,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDF938894DCAA5" box="[165,263,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF056F93989DBCAA5" author="Clarke" box="[270,401,1706,1728]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref191307" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1953) A new Porphyrosela from Argentina (Gracillariidae; Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 13, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1953">Clarke, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F287F9398C1CCAA5" box="[991,1110,1706,1728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDF9458D33CA89" box="[165,1401,1750,1772]" gridrow="12" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDF94589BACA89" box="[165,496,1750,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDF9448981CA89" authority="(Meryrick, 1916)" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Meryrick" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[165,459,1750,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neodoxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDF944895DCA89" box="[165,279,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. neodoxa</emphasis>
|
||
(Meryrick, 1916)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F5D1F9458C96CA89" box="[1161,1244,1750,1772]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDF8918D33CB7D" box="[165,1401,1794,1816]" gridrow="13" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDF89189BACB7D" box="[165,496,1794,1816]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF1FDF89089C9CB7D" authority="Vari, 1961" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1961" box="[165,387,1794,1816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Porhyrosela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teramni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF1FDF890895ACB7D" box="[165,272,1795,1816]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">P. teramni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF04EF89189C9CB7D" author="Vari" box="[278,387,1794,1816]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F348F8918AC7CB7D" box="[528,653,1794,1816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">×</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35345004B1B60075F1FDF8BD8D33CB21" box="[165,1401,1838,1860]" gridrow="14" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<th id="76E53978B1B60075F1FDF8BD89BACB21" box="[165,496,1838,1860]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Total species diversity by region</th>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F348F8BD8AC7CB21" box="[528,653,1838,1860]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F399F8BD8B60CB21" box="[705,810,1838,1860]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F203F8BD8BFBCB21" box="[859,945,1838,1860]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F287F8BD8C1CCB21" box="[991,1110,1838,1860]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F5D1F8BD8C96CB21" box="[1161,1244,1838,1860]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76E53978B1B60075F452F8BD8D33CB21" box="[1290,1401,1838,1860]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB1B6FF2DF19EF8168920C893" lastPageId="167" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B6FF2CF19EF8168B7CC93A" blockId="165.[151,1436,1925,2022]" lastBlockId="166.[151,1437,151,2029]" lastPageId="166" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF19EF816890BCBF8" box="[198,321,1925,1950]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF19EF8168973CBFB" bold="true" box="[198,313,1925,1950]" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF09BF8158A11CBFB" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[451,603,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF09BF8158A11CBFB" box="[451,603,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains some of the smallest moths in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF544F8158D14CBFB" authority="(Kumata, 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Kumata" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1052,1374,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
|
||
Lepidoptera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B6FF2FF5EAF8158D1CCBFB" author="Kumata" box="[1202,1366,1926,1950]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with ca. 4.5–4.7 mm wingspan.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF09CF8398A11CBA7" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[452,603,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF09CF8398A11CBA7" box="[452,603,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
superficially resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF235F8398C5FCBA7" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[877,1045,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF235F8398C5FCBA7" box="[877,1045,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by wing pattern and venation. The ground forewing colour of many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B6FF2FF356F85D8AB4CB83" box="[526,766,1998,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B6FF2FF356F85D8AEFCB83" box="[526,677,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is orange ferruginous with metallic highlights marked with broad white rounded or strigulate spots surrounded by a narrow black border. Veins are weakly developed. The forewing can contain 4 or 5 apical veins, depending whether R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF20DFF588B17CCBC" attach="left" box="[853,861,203,217]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">3</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF2FEFF588BE4CCBC" attach="left" box="[934,942,203,217]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">4</subScript>
|
||
are rudimentary or developed. In hindwing, Rs is very long like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0F7FF708A1DCC9E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[431,599,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF0F7FF708A1DCC9E" box="[431,599,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF3F7FF618AFDCD65" attach="left" box="[687,695,242,256]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">1</subScript>
|
||
can be branched just beyond the middle and extend almost to subtornum M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF077FE8B897DCD43" attach="left" box="[303,311,280,294]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">1</subScript>
|
||
and defined M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF0BBFE8B89A1CD43" attach="left" box="[483,491,280,294]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">2</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF0A2FE9A8AD2CD44" author="Kumata" box="[506,664,265,289]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF2D9FE8B8BC3CD43" attach="left" box="[897,905,280,294]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF281FE8B8BABCD43" attach="left" box="[985,993,280,294]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">2</subScript>
|
||
on hindwing might assist in separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF1CFFEA38965CD2D" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,303,304,328]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF1CFFEA38965CD2D" box="[151,303,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF08CFEA38BDCCD2D" box="[468,918,304,328]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF08CFEA38A36CD2D" box="[468,636,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF3B4FEA38BC4CD2D" author="Kumata" box="[748,910,304,328]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF2E6FEAC8B8CCD28" attach="left" box="[958,966,319,333]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">2</subScript>
|
||
is also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF5FDFEA38D22CD2D" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1929" box="[1189,1384,304,328]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Protolithocolletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF5FDFEA38D22CD2D" box="[1189,1384,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Protolithocolletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF1CFFEC4893ACD0A" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,368,343,367]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF1CFFEC4893ACD0A" box="[151,368,343,367]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these genera possess six (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF3A2FEC48B99CD0A" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[762,979,343,367]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF3A2FEC48B99CD0A" box="[762,979,343,367]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except the Afrotropical taxa) or seven (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF1F8FEE88929CDF6" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1929" box="[160,355,379,403]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Protolithocolletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF1F8FEE88929CDF6" box="[160,355,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Protolithocolletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) apical forewing veins. Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF24BFEE88BA6CDF6" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[787,1004,379,403]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF24BFEE88BA6CDF6" box="[787,1004,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF5D0FEE88D55CDF6" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[1160,1311,379,403]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF5D0FEE88D55CDF6" box="[1160,1311,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having more than 2 pairs of apical setae on tegumen in male genitalia and the origin of apophyses anteriores at segment VIII in female genitalia.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0E2FE508A1BCDBE" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[442,593,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF0E2FE508A1BCDBE" box="[442,593,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF27FFE508B85CDBE" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[807,975,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF27FFE508B85CDBE" box="[807,975,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing a pair of apical setae on tegumen in male genitalia; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0BFFE748AC5CD9A" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[487,655,487,511]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF0BFFE748AC5CD9A" box="[487,655,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such setae are lacking from the apex of the tegumen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF5A9FE748DDACD9A" author="Kumata" box="[1265,1424,487,511]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0F4FD988A0ECE46" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[428,580,523,547]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF0F4FD988A0ECE46" box="[428,580,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF262FD988BA8CE46" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[826,994,523,547]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF262FD988BA8CE46" box="[826,994,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF539FD988D40CE46" baseAuthorityName="De Prins & De Prins" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1121,1290,523,547]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lithocolletinae">Lithocolletinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a reduced eighth abdominal segment without anterior apophyses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF23AFDBC8B9DCE22" author="Vari" box="[866,983,559,583]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF2BAFDA38C34CE22" author="Kumata" box="[994,1150,559,583]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Anterior apophyses that extend from segment VIII in female genitalia are absent in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF234FDC08CFCCE0E" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[876,1206,595,619]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosparta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF234FDC08CFCCE0E" box="[876,1206,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter melanosparta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. However, in the latter species group the sterigmatic appendages located in segment VII are probably homologous with the anterior apophyses. The larva has been studied in only one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF2E9FD0F8CF7CED6" authority="Clarke, 1953" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[945,1213,667,691]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF2E9FD0F8C54CED6" box="[945,1054,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF57FFD088CF7CED6" author="Clarke" box="[1063,1213,667,691]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref191307" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1953) A new Porphyrosela from Argentina (Gracillariidae; Lepidoptera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 13, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1953">Clarke, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF5ABFD088909CEB2" author="Bentancourt & Scatoni" firstAuthor="Bentancourt" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="514 - 519" refId="ref190014" refString="Bentancourt, C. M. & Scatoni, I. B. (2007) Morphology and biology of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke 1953 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae) in Uruguay. Neotropical Entomology, 36, 514 - 519." type="journal article" year="2007">Bentancourt & Scatoni (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF00AFD2C8A0FCEB2" box="[338,581,703,727]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF00AFD2C89A0CEB2" box="[338,490,703,727]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess three flat, legless, sap feeding, early instars and two cylindrical, tissue feeding, later instars with developed legs, prolegs and chewing mouthparts. Chaetotaxy of the last fifth instar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF1E1FC94891ACF7A" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[185,336,775,799]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF1E1FC94891ACF7A" box="[185,336,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF317FC948AB1CF7A" baseAuthorityName="De Prins & De Prins" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[591,763,775,799]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lithocolletinae">Lithocolletinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, seta SD2 from the prothorax and the SV group on three thoracic segments are absent (Bentacourt & Scatoni 2007). In most of other gracillariid genera, the SV group is present on thoracic segments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF0ACFCDC8A37CF02" author="Davis" box="[500,637,847,871]" firstAuthor="Davis" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="459 - 460" refId="ref191549" refString="Davis, D. R. (1987) Micropterigidae, Eriocraniidae, Acanthopteroctetidae, Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, Tischeriidae, Heliozelidae, Adelidae, Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Tineidae, Psychidae, Ochsenheimeriidae, Lyonetiidae, Gracillariidae. In: Stehr, F. W. (Ed.) Immature insects. Kendall / Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, Iowa, 341 - 378, 456, 459 - 460 pp." type="book chapter" year="1987">Davis 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF270FCDC8BF5CF02" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[808,959,847,871]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF270FCDC8BF5CF02" box="[808,959,847,871]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slender and subcylindrical with a well developed cephalic process. Apices of the antennae and metathoracic legs coincide at the same length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF449FCE08918CFCA" author="Bentancourt & Scatoni" firstAuthor="Bentancourt" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="514 - 519" refId="ref190014" refString="Bentancourt, C. M. & Scatoni, I. B. (2007) Morphology and biology of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke 1953 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae) in Uruguay. Neotropical Entomology, 36, 514 - 519." type="journal article" year="2007">Bentancourt & Scatoni 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0A9FC048AD3CFCA" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[497,665,919,943]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF0A9FC048AD3CFCA" box="[497,665,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the antennal appendages are shorter than the thoracic legs and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF1CFFC288958CFB6" authorityName="Chapman. Braun" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,274,955,979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF1CFFC288958CFB6" box="[151,274,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Cameraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the antennal appendages are longer than the thoracic legs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF283FC288C9CCFB6" author="De Prins" box="[987,1238,955,979]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref192195" refString="De Prins, J., De Prins, W. & De Coninck, E. (2003) The pupal morphology of Cameraria ohridella compared with that of the genus Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Pest Science, 76, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
De Prins
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF508FC2F8CCFCFB6" box="[1104,1157,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The abdominal segments of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF07CFC4C89F1CF92" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[292,443,991,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF07CFC4C89F1CF92" box="[292,443,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa have abundant spinulas and rounded spiracles, whereas the other pattern is present also in the remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0D3FB908A7FC87E" baseAuthorityName="De Prins & De Prins" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[395,565,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lithocolletinae">Lithocolletinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF3CFFB908B36C87E" author="De Prins" box="[663,892,1027,1051]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref192195" refString="De Prins, J., De Prins, W. & De Coninck, E. (2003) The pupal morphology of Cameraria ohridella compared with that of the genus Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Pest Science, 76, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
De Prins
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF259FB978B79C87E" box="[769,819,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF2D1FB908C85C87E" author="Bentancourt & Scatoni" box="[905,1231,1027,1051]" firstAuthor="Bentancourt" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="514 - 519" refId="ref190014" refString="Bentancourt, C. M. & Scatoni, I. B. (2007) Morphology and biology of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke 1953 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae) in Uruguay. Neotropical Entomology, 36, 514 - 519." type="journal article" year="2007">Bentancourt & Scatoni 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The cremaster is reduced (Betancourt & Scatoni 2007), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF380FBB48BCAC85A" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[728,896,1063,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF380FBB48BCAC85A" box="[728,896,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is present and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF530FBB48CA9C85A" authorityName="Chapman. Braun" authorityYear="1909" box="[1128,1251,1063,1087]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF530FBB48CA9C85A" box="[1128,1251,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Cameraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF421FBB4891FC806" author="De Prins" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref192195" refString="De Prins, J., De Prins, W. & De Coninck, E. (2003) The pupal morphology of Cameraria ohridella compared with that of the genus Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Pest Science, 76, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
De Prins
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF180FBDF8940C806" box="[216,266,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF085FBD88A3EC806" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[477,628,1099,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF085FBD88A3EC806" box="[477,628,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed primarily on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF210FBD88BFAC806" baseAuthorityName="Kumata" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[840,944,1099,1123]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF298FBD88CA4C806" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[960,1262,1099,1123]" firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 2011), and the majority of species build underside mines, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF3E8FBE38B51C8E2" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[688,795,1136,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF3E8FBE38B51C8E2" box="[688,795,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
constructs an upperside blotch mine. Unlike most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF1CFFB00890BC8CE" baseAuthorityName="De Prins & De Prins" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[151,321,1171,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lithocolletinae">Lithocolletinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0FAFB008A73C8CE" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[418,569,1171,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF0FAFB008A73C8CE" box="[418,569,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually gregarious with two or more larvae (up to six) in each mine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF430FB008898C8AA" author="Vari" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF1B9FB24899DC8AA" author="Maier & Davis" box="[225,471,1207,1231]" firstAuthor="Maier" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref197209" refString="Maier, C. T. & Davis, D. R. (1989) Southern New England host and distributional records of Lithocolletinae Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera), with comparison of host specificity in temporate regions. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 70, i - v, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1989">Maier & Davis 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF0BFFB248AC2C8AA" author="Wessels" box="[487,648,1207,1231]" firstAuthor="Wessels" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" refId="ref202091" refString="Wessels, J. (2010) Soybean leafminer. Queensland government, primary industries and fisheries. Available from http: // www. dpi. qld. gov. au / 26 _ 13759. htm (accessed 27 February, 2011)." type="url" year="2010">Wessels 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The duration of larval development, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF520FB2B8CAFC8AA" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[1144,1253,1208,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF520FB2B8CAFC8AA" box="[1144,1253,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lasts 8–9 days (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF1C6FB488906C896" author="Bourquin" box="[158,332,1243,1267]" firstAuthor="Bourquin" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="509 - 518" refId="ref190255" refString="Bourquin, F. (1951) Cuatro notas sobre metamorfosis de Microlepidopteros. I. " Aristotelia perplexa " Clarke II. " Parastega hemisigna " Clarke III. " Porphyrosella sp. " IV. " Darlia praetexta " Clarke. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 12, 509 - 518, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1951">Bourquin 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF00FFB488AD1C896" author="Bentancourt & Scatoni" box="[343,667,1243,1267]" firstAuthor="Bentancourt" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="514 - 519" refId="ref190014" refString="Bentancourt, C. M. & Scatoni, I. B. (2007) Morphology and biology of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke 1953 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae) in Uruguay. Neotropical Entomology, 36, 514 - 519." type="journal article" year="2007">Bentancourt & Scatoni 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Pupation takes place inside the mine in a chamber on the epidermis of leaf that is constructed by the larva at the end of its development (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF2CDFB6C8C0EC972" author="Bourquin" box="[917,1092,1279,1303]" firstAuthor="Bourquin" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="509 - 518" refId="ref190255" refString="Bourquin, F. (1951) Cuatro notas sobre metamorfosis de Microlepidopteros. I. " Aristotelia perplexa " Clarke II. " Parastega hemisigna " Clarke III. " Porphyrosella sp. " IV. " Darlia praetexta " Clarke. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 12, 509 - 518, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1951">Bourquin 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The pupa remains free inside the mine and does not make a cocoon; the exuvium is partially exposed after the adult emerges. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF471FAB78DDFC95E" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1953" box="[1321,1429,1316,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF471FAB78DDFC95E" box="[1321,1429,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pupation lasts only 4–5 days (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF0BCFAD48B60C93A" author="Bentancourt & Scatoni" box="[484,810,1351,1375]" firstAuthor="Bentancourt" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="514 - 519" refId="ref190014" refString="Bentancourt, C. M. & Scatoni, I. B. (2007) Morphology and biology of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke 1953 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae) in Uruguay. Neotropical Entomology, 36, 514 - 519." type="journal article" year="2007">Bentancourt & Scatoni 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B5FF2CF19FFAF98D32C98A" blockId="166.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF19FFAF98AD9C9E6" bold="true" box="[199,659,1386,1411]" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Diagnosis of Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0A1FAF98AD9C9E6" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[505,659,1386,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF0A1FAF98AD9C9E6" bold="true" box="[505,659,1386,1411]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Interspecific differences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF28BFAF88C20C9E6" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[979,1130,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF28BFAF88C20C9E6" box="[979,1130,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most readily detectable based on wing pattern. Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF31DFA1C8A96C9C2" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[581,732,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF31DFA1C8A96C9C2" box="[581,732,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show no differences in wing venation from the Palaearctic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF1B6FA27892BC9AE" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[238,353,1459,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorinda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF1B6FA27892BC9AE" box="[238,353,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">P. dorinda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF0C0FA278A50C9AE" authorityName="Kumata" authorityYear="1993" box="[408,538,1459,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF0C0FA278A50C9AE" box="[408,538,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">P. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B5FF2CF37FFA208A8FC9AE" author="Kumata" box="[551,709,1459,1483]" firstAuthor="Kumata" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref195766" refString="Kumata, T. (1993) A contribution to the knowledge of the Malaysian Lithocolletinae (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera), with a revision of Indian Cameraria associated with Leguminosae. Insecta Matsumurana, N. S., 48, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1993">Kumata 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. V, figs C & D). Male and female genitalia of the Afrotropical species show only very minor differences providing insufficient diagnostic characters for species identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B5FF2CF1CFFA6889C6CB6A" blockId="166.[151,1437,151,2029]" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF1CFFA688897CA76" box="[151,221,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Vertex plate tightly joint with frontoclypeus, vertex and occiput tufted with erected fuscous-ochreous long piliform scales; frons covered with appressed smooth scales, with strong metallic gloss; eyes medium sized, slightly smaller than eyes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF084F9D08AC9CA3E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[476,643,1603,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF084F9D08AC9CA3E" box="[476,643,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ocular index ca. 0.5, interocular index ca. 0.7. Antenna ca. as long as forewing, smooth scaled, apical flegellomeres might be pure white (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF2F4F9FB8C68CA1A" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1961" box="[940,1058,1640,1663]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Porhyrosela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teramni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF2F4F9FB8C68CA1A" box="[940,1058,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">P. teramni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) filiform; scape short thickened, bearing a few hair-like pecten or without pecten. Proboscis developed, naked, slightly shorter than proboscis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B5FF2CF1CFF93C8974CAA2" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,318,1711,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF1CFF93C8974CAA2" box="[151,318,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ca. 2.3× longer than labial palpus. Maxillary palpus small, rudimental, bi-segmented, apical maxillary palpomere almost globular. Labial palpus moderate, porrect, filiform, drooping, with ratio of segments from base 1.1: 1: 1.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B5FF2DF19FF8888C4BCD09" blockId="166.[151,1437,151,2029]" lastBlockId="167.[151,1440,151,1666]" lastPageId="167" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B5FF2CF19FF8888952CB56" box="[199,280,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Forewing background colour ochreous with silvery white markings; fringe long, particularly near tornus and dorsum, reaching width of wing in forewing and ca. 4–5× width of wing in hindwing. Descaled forewing lanceolate, slender, and pointed. Venation with 8 veins, apical part with weak 5 veins R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF58EF8E18C94CBE5" attach="left" box="[1238,1246,1906,1920]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">3</subScript>
|
||
, R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF5A7F8E18D4DCBE5" attach="left" box="[1279,1287,1906,1920]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">4</subScript>
|
||
, R
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF47FF8E18D65CBE5" attach="left" box="[1319,1327,1906,1920]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">5</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF40EF8E18D14CBE5" attach="left" box="[1366,1374,1906,1920]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">1</subScript>
|
||
, Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF4D4F8E18DDECBE5" attach="left" box="[1420,1428,1906,1920]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">1</subScript>
|
||
; M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF1E8F80A88F2CBC2" attach="left" box="[176,184,1945,1959]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">1</subScript>
|
||
and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B5FF2CF04AF80A8950CBC2" attach="left" box="[274,282,1945,1959]" fontSize="6" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">1</subScript>
|
||
separate, CuP indistinct (fold) over entire length, 1A separate; Sc strong and short. Veins R3 and R4 might be rudimentary, very slender and indistinct; cell closed. Hindwing lanceolate, narrow, maximum width/hind wing length is 0.1, venation reduced to 5 veins: Sc very short terminating near base of costa, Rs very long, running almost to apex of hindwing, M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF0ACFF3489B6CCD0" attach="left" box="[500,508,167,181]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">1</subScript>
|
||
double branched to M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF3A4FF348B4ECCD0" attach="both" box="[764,772,167,181]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF214FF348B1ECCD0" attach="left" box="[844,852,167,181]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">2</subScript>
|
||
, both branches running close and almost parallel to each other, basal 2/3 of M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF0E3FF5D8989CCB9" attach="left" box="[443,451,206,220]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">1</subScript>
|
||
indistinct, parallel to Rs, distal parts of M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF2C6FF5D8BECCCB9" attach="left" box="[926,934,206,220]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF2ADFF5D8BB7CCB9" attach="left" box="[1013,1021,206,220]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">2</subScript>
|
||
run along dorsal margin, Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF418FF5D8D02CCB9" attach="left" box="[1344,1352,206,220]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">1</subScript>
|
||
strong, ends slightly before 1/2 of dorsum; A
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF313FF668A19CD66" attach="left" box="[587,595,245,259]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">1</subScript>
|
||
vestigial. Frenulum in male—a single stout bristle, frenula in female—2 tightly appressed bristles. Retinaculum in male a tiny fold on Sc. Legs slender, without rings; hind tibia thickened with a few aprressed hairs, with long medial spurs slightly longer tha apical spurs, hind tarsus smooth with darker and brighter shading but not evidently ringed, slender, ca. 0.6× length of tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B4FF2DF19FFEEB8A2BCE43" blockId="167.[151,1440,151,1666]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF19FFEEB897BCDF5" box="[199,305,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior margin of abdomen opening narrowly sclerotized and significantly broader towards S
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF43CFE148D26CDF0" attach="right" box="[1380,1388,391,405]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">2</subScript>
|
||
, the sclerotized margination of abdomen opening well connected on T
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF2D9FE3D8BC3CDD9" attach="left" box="[897,905,430,444]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">2</subScript>
|
||
and unconnected on S
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF5D3FE3D8CD9CDD9" attach="left" box="[1163,1171,430,444]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">2</subScript>
|
||
; S
|
||
<subScript id="17805003B1B4FF2DF5EBFE3D8CF1CDD9" attach="left" box="[1203,1211,430,444]" fontSize="6" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">2</subScript>
|
||
apodemes of rather long, ending beyond the opening, slender, bent in midden, with slightly enlarged bases, slender distally, a pair of tiny spicules present on each abdominal sternum sublatero-anteriorly. Sternum VIII in adult males small, flap-like, extended, more or less rounded caudally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B4FF2DF19FFDA18BCDCE9B" blockId="167.[151,1440,151,1666]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF19FFDA1893ECE2F" box="[199,372,562,586]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Tegumen rather long, conical or subconical, blunt apically with a pair of apical or subapical setae; tuba analis slightly protruding or indistinct. Valvae symmetrical, about as long as tegumen, slender, barshaped, weakly arched at subapex, round apically with fine scattered setae. Transtilla is complete, narrow. Anellus well developed, tubular, without sclerotized juxta. Vinculum narrow, with short or medium length saccus. Aedoeagus nearly as long as valva, tubular, tapering beyond middle towards apex, one side of vesica heavily but narrowly sclerotized (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF0D4FD7489B5CE9B" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1961" box="[396,511,743,766]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Porhyrosela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teramni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF0D4FD7489B5CE9B" box="[396,511,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. teramni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or bearing cornutus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF3A1FD748B3DCE9B" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[761,887,743,766]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gautengi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF3A1FD748B3DCE9B" box="[761,887,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. gautengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B4FF2DF19FFC9988BBCFD7" blockId="167.[151,1440,151,1666]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF19FFC9989CCCF47" box="[199,390,778,802]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Papillae analles short, narrowed dorsally and ventrally; posterior apophyses long, running to middle or beyond middle of segment VII, straight, slender basal region can be slightly widened in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF5A9FCBC8DDFCF23" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1963" box="[1265,1429,814,838]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homotropha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF5A9FCBC8DDFCF23" box="[1265,1429,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. homotropha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Segment VIII reduced, shortened; anterior apophyses absent. Ostium bursae opens near caudal margin of segment VII; sterigma absent. Ductus bursae is weakly scerotized, without antrum; corpus bursae not distinct, without signum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B4FF2DF19FFC2E8920C893" blockId="167.[151,1440,151,1666]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF19FFC2E8A64CFB3" bold="true" box="[199,558,957,982]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" reason="1">Relationships to other genera.</emphasis>
|
||
The phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF2D9FC2D8C52CFB3" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[897,1048,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF2D9FC2D8C52CFB3" box="[897,1048,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unclear, as species in this genus have not been sequenced. Species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF3D0FC718B55CF9F" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[648,799,994,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF3D0FC718B55CF9F" box="[648,799,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rather uniform morphologically both externally and internally, suggesting that the genus may be a monophyletic assemblage of similar species. Most diagnostic characters are found in the forewing pattern, such as the number and shape of patches and strigulae. The genitalia do not show evident and significant interspecific differences. Valvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF29BFBDD8C10C803" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[963,1114,1102,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF29BFBDD8C10C803" box="[963,1114,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rod-like, sparsely setose with rounded or slightly obtusely angulated apex, vinculum in males more or less subriangular or slightly different shape with short sacccus. The differences are even less conspicuous in female genitalia, such as minute differences in the shape and length of posterior apophyses. Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF3A2FB298BA1C8B7" box="[762,1003,1210,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF3A2FB298BDBC8B7" box="[762,913,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are oligophagous and feed on closely related host plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB1B4FF2DF19FFA928BA9C9CF" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B4FF2DF19FFA928BA9C9CF" blockId="167.[151,1440,151,1666]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF19FFA92896CC97C" box="[199,294,1281,1306]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF19FFA928955C97F" bold="true" box="[199,287,1281,1306]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The mine is oblong, transparent, and tentiform, on the underside (abaxial) leaf surface (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF45AFA908D3EC97F" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1961" box="[1282,1396,1283,1306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Porhyrosela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teramni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF45AFA908D3EC97F" box="[1282,1396,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. teramni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or it is constructed on the upperside (adaxial) of the leaf (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF279FAB48B82C95B" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1963" box="[801,968,1318,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homotropha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF279FAB48B82C95B" box="[801,968,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. homotropha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mine strongly contracted; no folds (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF4DFFAB488A4C907" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1961" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Porhyrosela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teramni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF4DFFAB488A4C907" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. teramni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or several folds (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF099FAD88A2CC907" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1963" box="[449,614,1354,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homotropha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF099FAD88A2CC907" box="[449,614,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. homotropha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) visible; larvae gregarious in mine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF55EFAD88CE1C907" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1963" box="[1030,1195,1354,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homotropha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF55EFAD88CE1C907" box="[1030,1195,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. homotropha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF5E3FAD88D65C907" authorityName="Vari" authorityYear="1961" box="[1211,1327,1355,1378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Porhyrosela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teramni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF5E3FAD88D65C907" box="[1211,1327,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">P. teramni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); frass in one or two clusters; pupation without cocoon; pupa protrudes the mine before adult emerges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B1B4FF2DF44AFAFD8DDAC9E3" author="Vari" box="[1298,1424,1390,1414]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Afrotropical species, like all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF344FA018B44C9CF" box="[540,782,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF344FA018AF9C9CF" box="[540,691,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF22BFA018B95C9CF" baseAuthorityName="Kumata" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[883,991,1426,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB1B4FF2DF19FFA268D73C9AB" box="[199,1337,1461,1486]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B1B4FF2DF19FFA268D73C9AB" blockId="167.[151,1440,151,1666]" box="[199,1337,1461,1486]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF19FFA26892AC9A8" box="[199,352,1461,1486]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF19FFA268913C9AB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1461,1486]" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B1B4FF2DF0A0FA258ADAC9AB" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1908" box="[504,656,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Porphyrosela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B1B4FF2DF0A0FA258ADAC9AB" box="[504,656,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Porphyrosela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |