treatments-xml/data/03/A9/3F/03A93F65FFB2C605FCE7F8CAFCD8FA9D.xml

<document id="F78E59F88D33776D9A0517E194FEF19C" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2016.5.3.503" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13144973" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722441748041" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lee, Hyo Jin, Jung, Jongwoo &amp; Rho, Hyun Soo" docDate="2016" docId="03A93F65FFB2C605FCE7F8CAFCD8FA9D" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.5.3.503-513.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 5 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2016.5.3.503" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Paracanthonchus kamui Kito 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="512" masterDocId="FF90471DFFBAC60CFFA0FFCFFF8FFFFB" masterDocTitle="Two unrecorded marine nematode species of Paracanthonchus (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae) from the East Sea of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="513" masterPageNumber="503" pageNumber="511" updateTime="1722442132270" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4677AE77D518439767616CC74CD6871D">Two unrecorded marine nematode species of Paracanthonchus (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae) from the East Sea of Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="334A0D109BFE9FDBEFF17D5B86B3B6BB">Lee, Hyo Jin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="267C5C196E23CF69ED49D396DA78D4F2">Jung, Jongwoo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3AC5F690671E58B5D28C1CF456C5F22">Rho, Hyun Soo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="88104436295784DBF789FB2B1C3C371B">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C31ADDF8FFB2C604FCE7F8CAFBD5F8C6" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB2C604FCE7F8CAFB62F8E6" blockId="8.[839,1261,1796,1821]" box="[839,1261,1796,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<heading id="D0F7391FFFB2C604FCE7F8CAFB62F8E6" bold="true" box="[839,1261,1796,1821]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB2C604FCE7F8CAFB62F8E6" bold="true" box="[839,1261,1796,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
2. 
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB2C604FCFBF8CBFB62F8E6" ID-CoL="8GFKV" authority="Kito, 1981" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[859,1261,1796,1821]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kamui">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB2C604FCFBF8CBFBE4F8E7" bold="true" box="[859,1131,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Paracanthonchus kamui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF91F382FFB2C604FBD8F8CAFB62F8E6" author="Kito, K." box="[1144,1261,1797,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="250 - 273" refId="ref4829" refString="Kito, K. 1981. Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, IV. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University SeriesVI, Zoology 22: 250 - 273." type="journal article" year="1981">Kito, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB2C604FCC2F8E6FBD5F8C6" blockId="8.[839,1388,1829,1885]" box="[866,1114,1829,1853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB2C604FCC2F8E6FB9EF8C6" bold="true" box="[866,1041,1833,1853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">ṳợậṻṄṵệ</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB2C604FBBEF8E6FBDFF8C6" bold="true" box="[1054,1104,1833,1853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">ṳAE</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB2C604FCE7F88AFAE3F8A6" blockId="8.[839,1388,1829,1885]" box="[839,1388,1861,1885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB10A95DFFB2C604FCE7F88AFAE3F8A6" box="[839,1388,1861,1885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA1A862FFB2C604FCE7F88AFA99F8A6" author="Kito, K." box="[839,1302,1861,1885]" page="273" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB2C604FCE7F88AFA99F8A6" ID-CoL="8GFKV" authority="Kito, 1981, p. 273" authorityName="Kito" authorityPageNumber="273" authorityYear="1981" box="[839,1302,1861,1885]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kamui">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB2C604FCE7F88AFBC4F8A6" box="[839,1099,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Paracanthonchus kamui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF91F382FFB2C604FBF2F88AFB49F8A6" author="Kito, K." box="[1106,1222,1861,1885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="250 - 273" refId="ref4829" refString="Kito, K. 1981. Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, IV. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University SeriesVI, Zoology 22: 250 - 273." type="journal article" year="1981">Kito, 1981</bibRefCitation>
, p. 273
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, fig. 12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB2C604FCE7F849FA2BF845" blockId="8.[839,1444,1926,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB2C604FCE7F849FBBFF865" bold="true" box="[839,1072,1926,1950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B68842EFFB2C604FB9AF849FA2BF845" country="South Korea" latitude="37.10594" location="Bugu-ri" municipality="Uljingun" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Gyeongbuk">
<specimenCount id="9D0645FAFFB2C604FB9AF849FBF7F864" box="[1082,1144,1926,1951]" count="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="male">5♂♂</specimenCount>
and 3$$, 
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, 
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, 
<collectingRegion id="49C44091FFB2C604FC28F869FBF7F845" box="[904,1144,1958,1982]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongbuk" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Gyeongsangbuk­do</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F317CEE3FFB2C604FB29F868FB5EF845" box="[1161,1233,1959,1982]" name="South Korea" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
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,
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB3C605FF30FECAFE09FDC4" blockId="9.[144,749,261,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">
<materialsCitation id="3B68842EFFB3C605FF30FECAFE0CFDC4" collectingDate="2014-07-09" collectingDateMax="2014-10-02" collectingDateMin="2014-07-09" country="South Korea" latitude="38.26987" location="Korea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.55757" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" specimenCount="1">
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FF30FECAFEB4FEE6" box="[144,315,261,285]" degrees="129" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="37.42" value="129.37706">129°22′37.42″E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on 
<date id="FFBEA8B3FFB3C605FE77FECAFDD7FEE6" box="[471,600,261,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" value="2014-07-09">
<collectingDate id="EFFA515BFFB3C605FE77FECAFDD7FEE6" box="[471,600,261,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" value="2014-07-09">9 July 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
; Jangsa­dong, Sokcho­si, Gangwon­do, 
<collectingCountry id="F317CEE3FFB3C605FE6FFEE9FD97FEC6" box="[463,536,294,317]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FD8AFEEAFD68FEC6" box="[554,743,293,317]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="37.77" value="38.227158">38°13′37.77″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FF30FE8AFEC8FEA5" box="[144,327,325,350]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="16.92" value="128.58803">128°35′16.92″E</geoCoordinate>
); Janghohang­gil, Geundeok­myeon, Samcheok­si, Gangwon­do, 
<collectingCountry id="F317CEE3FFB3C605FE40FEA9FDA9FE86" box="[480,550,358,381]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FD96FEA9FD67FE86" box="[566,744,358,382]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="21.24" value="37.289234">37°17′21.24″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FF30FE49FEBCFE65" box="[144,307,390,414]" degrees="129" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="8.34" value="129.31898">129°19′8.34″E</geoCoordinate>
); Ayajin­gil, Toseong­myeon, Goseong­gun, Gangwon­do, 
<collectingCountry id="F317CEE3FFB3C605FEFDFE68FE12FE45" box="[349,413,423,446]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FE0AFE69FDC6FE45" box="[426,585,422,446]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="11.53" value="38.26987">38°16′11.53″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FDF5FE69FF2CFE24" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="1" seconds="27.23" value="128.55757">128°33′27.23″ E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on 
<date id="FFBEA8B3FFB3C605FEE2FE08FE49FE24" box="[322,454,455,479]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" value="2014-10-02">
<collectingDate id="EFFA515BFFB3C605FEE2FE08FE49FE24" box="[322,454,455,479]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" value="2014-10-02">2 Oct. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
. The specimens are kept in the collection of the author. All are mounted in anhydrous glycerin between two coverslips on H­S slides, sealed with nail polish
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31ADDF8FFB3C605FF30FD87FCD7FE25" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB3C605FF30FD87FE10FD7B" blockId="9.[144,749,261,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FF30FD87FEB1FD9B" bold="true" box="[144,318,584,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Measurements.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="C682BBC8FFB3C605FED5FD87FE49FD9B" box="[373,454,584,608]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[144,197,260,281]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of Paracanthonchus kamui (in μm)." pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Table 2</tableCitation>
for detailed measurements and morphometric ratios.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB3C605FF30FD47FEDDF870" blockId="9.[144,749,261,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FF30FD47FE94FD5B" bold="true" box="[144,283,648,672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Description.</emphasis>
Males: Body length 
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FDA3FD47FDB0FD5B" box="[515,575,648,672]" degrees="1,774" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="55" value="1.774">1,774</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FD9FFD46FD0BFD5B" box="[575,644,648,672]" degrees="1,991" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="55" value="-1.991">­1,991</geoCoordinate>
μm long, comparatively stout and cylindrical, slightly tapers to anterior region (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FEE4FD06FE27FD1A" box="[324,424,713,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,265,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-105@6.[53,1550,236,2075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Paracanthonchus kamui, male, lateral view.A, total body; B, anterior body region; C, head region; D, tail region; E, precloacal sup­ plements; F, spicules with gubernaculum. Scale bars: A=100μm, B, E=50μm, C, D, F=20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Figs. 4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FE16FD06FE53FD1A" box="[438,476,713,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,207,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[253,1352,257,1068]" captionTargetId="figure-430@8.[253,1352,247,1069]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Paracanthonchus kamui, DIC photomicrographs, male, lateral view. A, habitus; B, head region; C, amphideal fovea; D, cuticle on the anterior region; E, precloacal supplement; F, spicules with gubernaculums. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B-F=10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144985/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">6A</figureCitation>
). Maximum body diameter 62­82 μm. Cuticle marked with transverse rows of fairly distinct dots starting at level of cephalic setae, but slightly lager and irregular in tail region. In pharyngeal region, distance of rows about 1.7 μm, slightly wide. Cuticle pore about 2 μm wide, distributed throughout body. About six to seven rows arranged in 10 μm at posterior part of body region, and about eight to ten rows situated at middle of body region within same distance (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FD2AFC04FD67FC18" box="[650,744,971,995]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,265,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-105@6.[53,1550,236,2075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Paracanthonchus kamui, male, lateral view.A, total body; B, anterior body region; C, head region; D, tail region; E, precloacal sup­ plements; F, spicules with gubernaculum. Scale bars: A=100μm, B, E=50μm, C, D, F=20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Figs. 4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FF30FC24FF3BFBF8" box="[144,180,1003,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,207,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[253,1352,257,1068]" captionTargetId="figure-430@8.[253,1352,247,1069]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Paracanthonchus kamui, DIC photomicrographs, male, lateral view. A, habitus; B, head region; C, amphideal fovea; D, cuticle on the anterior region; E, precloacal supplement; F, spicules with gubernaculums. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B-F=10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144985/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">6D</figureCitation>
). Head with inner circle of six labial papillae about 3.5 μm long and outer circle of 10 (6 + 4) cephalic setae, four shorter cephalic setae 7.8­9.8 μm and six longer setae 12.1­13.7 μm, about 41-46% of head diameter. Buccal cavity with prominent large dorsal tooth and two small subventral teeth (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FE2DFB43FE62FB5E" box="[397,493,1164,1189]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,265,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-105@6.[53,1550,236,2075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Paracanthonchus kamui, male, lateral view.A, total body; B, anterior body region; C, head region; D, tail region; E, precloacal sup­ plements; F, spicules with gubernaculum. Scale bars: A=100μm, B, E=50μm, C, D, F=20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Figs. 4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FE5BFB43FD92FB5F" box="[507,541,1164,1188]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,207,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[253,1352,257,1068]" captionTargetId="figure-430@8.[253,1352,247,1069]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Paracanthonchus kamui, DIC photomicrographs, male, lateral view. A, habitus; B, head region; C, amphideal fovea; D, cuticle on the anterior region; E, precloacal supplement; F, spicules with gubernaculums. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B-F=10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144985/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">6B</figureCitation>
). Amphideal fovea with 4.25 turns in ventral direction, about 39­41% of head diameter (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FE9BFB02FE11FB1E" box="[315,414,1229,1253]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,265,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-105@6.[53,1550,236,2075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Paracanthonchus kamui, male, lateral view.A, total body; B, anterior body region; C, head region; D, tail region; E, precloacal sup­ plements; F, spicules with gubernaculum. Scale bars: A=100μm, B, E=50μm, C, D, F=20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Figs. 4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FE0DFB02FE5FFB1E" box="[429,464,1229,1253]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,207,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[253,1352,257,1068]" captionTargetId="figure-430@8.[253,1352,247,1069]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Paracanthonchus kamui, DIC photomicrographs, male, lateral view. A, habitus; B, head region; C, amphideal fovea; D, cuticle on the anterior region; E, precloacal supplement; F, spicules with gubernaculums. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B-F=10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144985/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">6C</figureCitation>
). Ocelli 4.8­7.0 μm long, situated at lower side of amphideal fovea. Esophagus cylindrical, 343­358 μm long, no distinct cardia. Nerve ring encircling pharynx, situated at 42­46% of pharynx length from anterior end. Excretory pore opening located at 73.5­84.8 μm from anterior end (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FDF7FAA1FD21FA7D" box="[599,686,1390,1414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,265,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-105@6.[53,1550,236,2075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Paracanthonchus kamui, male, lateral view.A, total body; B, anterior body region; C, head region; D, tail region; E, precloacal sup­ plements; F, spicules with gubernaculum. Scale bars: A=100μm, B, E=50μm, C, D, F=20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Tail fairly stout, conical, 136­165 μm long, about 2.4-2.8 times of anal body diameter. Cell bodies of three caudal glands situated in proximal third, 4­5 μm setae distributed throughout tail region (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FE65FA20FD90F9F3" box="[453,543,1519,1544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,265,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-105@6.[53,1550,236,2075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Paracanthonchus kamui, male, lateral view.A, total body; B, anterior body region; C, head region; D, tail region; E, precloacal sup­ plements; F, spicules with gubernaculum. Scale bars: A=100μm, B, E=50μm, C, D, F=20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Spicules slender, arcuate and tapering distally; proximal end with swellon appearance and rapidly narrowing from middle part to distal end. Gubernaculum paired, slightly bent; proximal end with hook­shaped appearance, distally from one­third widening with shape of ribs, distal end expanded, with small and numerous cusps (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FE57F97EFDDDF932" box="[503,594,1713,1737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,265,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-105@6.[53,1550,236,2075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Paracanthonchus kamui, male, lateral view.A, total body; B, anterior body region; C, head region; D, tail region; E, precloacal sup­ plements; F, spicules with gubernaculum. Scale bars: A=100μm, B, E=50μm, C, D, F=20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Figs. 4F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FDC0F97EFD0FF932" box="[608,640,1713,1737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,207,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[253,1352,257,1068]" captionTargetId="figure-430@8.[253,1352,247,1069]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Paracanthonchus kamui, DIC photomicrographs, male, lateral view. A, habitus; B, head region; C, amphideal fovea; D, cuticle on the anterior region; E, precloacal supplement; F, spicules with gubernaculums. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B-F=10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144985/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">6F</figureCitation>
). Six precloacal supplements present; curved tubular shape; posteriormost supplement rather delicate. Distance between adjacent two supplements, relatively constant, but posterior two supplement very close together (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FDF8F8FDFD3BF8B1" box="[600,692,1842,1866]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[174,1444,265,1984]" captionTargetId="figure-105@6.[53,1550,236,2075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Paracanthonchus kamui, male, lateral view.A, total body; B, anterior body region; C, head region; D, tail region; E, precloacal sup­ plements; F, spicules with gubernaculum. Scale bars: A=100μm, B, E=50μm, C, D, F=20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FD1FF8FDFD6FF8B1" box="[703,736,1842,1866]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,207,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[253,1352,257,1068]" captionTargetId="figure-430@8.[253,1352,247,1069]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Paracanthonchus kamui, DIC photomicrographs, male, lateral view. A, habitus; B, head region; C, amphideal fovea; D, cuticle on the anterior region; E, precloacal supplement; F, spicules with gubernaculums. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B-F=10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144985/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">6E</figureCitation>
). A series of short setae distributed on both lateral side of subventral region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB3C605FF30F85CFCD7FE25" blockId="9.[144,749,261,1995]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1414,261,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">
Females: General morphology similar to that of males in structure of cuticle and anterior body end (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FD30F87CFCC3FEE6" box="[656,844,261,1995]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[144,177,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[144,1414,265,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-68@7.[163,1487,257,2089]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Paracanthonchus kamui, female, lateral view. A, total body; B, head region; C, tail region; D, anterior body region; E, reproductive system. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B, C=20μm, D, E=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Fig. 5B, 5D</figureCitation>
). Body length 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34E8B4FFB3C605FB89FEC9FBE2FEE6" box="[1065,1133,261,285]" degrees="2,044" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" precision="55" value="-2.044">­2,044</geoCoordinate>
μm long; maximum body diameter 72­85 μm (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FBA8FEEAFBEDFEC6" box="[1032,1122,293,317]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[144,177,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[144,1414,265,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-68@7.[163,1487,257,2089]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Paracanthonchus kamui, female, lateral view. A, total body; B, head region; C, tail region; D, anterior body region; E, reproductive system. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B, C=20μm, D, E=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Reproductive system didelphic, ovaries paired opposed, reflexed. Vulva 907­ 974 μm from anterior end, situated at 48-49% of total body length (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FC1CFE49FB9BFE65" box="[956,1044,390,414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[144,177,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[144,1414,265,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-68@7.[163,1487,257,2089]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Paracanthonchus kamui, female, lateral view. A, total body; B, head region; C, tail region; D, anterior body region; E, reproductive system. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B, C=20μm, D, E=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Tail short and conoid, 148­158 μm long, about 2.8-3.0 times of anal body diameter (
<figureCitation id="133B92F6FFB3C605FAFAFE69FCC3FE25" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[144,177,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[144,1414,265,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-68@7.[163,1487,257,2089]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Paracanthonchus kamui, female, lateral view. A, total body; B, head region; C, tail region; D, anterior body region; E, reproductive system. Scale bars:A=100 μm, B, C=20μm, D, E=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13144983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31ADDF8FFB3C605FC89FE28FCD8FA9D" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBF8E73FFB3C605FC89FE28FCD8FA9D" blockId="9.[809,1414,261,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FC89FE28FC1AFE04" bold="true" box="[809,917,487,511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Remark.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB3C605FC00FE28FAC2FE04" authority="Kito, 1981" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[928,1357,487,511]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kamui">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FC00FE28FB4DFE04" box="[928,1218,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Paracanthonchus kamui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF91F382FFB3C605FB6DFE28FAC2FE04" author="Kito, K." box="[1229,1357,487,511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" pagination="250 - 273" refId="ref4829" refString="Kito, K. 1981. Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, IV. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University SeriesVI, Zoology 22: 250 - 273." type="journal article" year="1981">Kito, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was firstly described from 
<collectingCountry id="F317CEE3FFB3C605FB8FFDC7FBE0FDE4" box="[1071,1135,520,543]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Japan</collectingCountry>
Sea coast in 
<collectingRegion id="49C44091FFB3C605FAB0FDC8FA0DFDE4" box="[1296,1410,519,543]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB3C605FC89FDE8FBA2FDC4" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[809,1069,551,575]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kamui">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FC89FDE8FBA2FDC4" box="[809,1069,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">Paracanthonchus kamui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other species of the genus by having the 4.25 turns amphideal fovea, six tubular supplement, rib­shaped gubernaculums with proximally hook­shaped and distally broaden. The present species is most like 
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB3C605FBFFFD66FCD0FD1A" authority="Wieser, 1954" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="austrospectabilis">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FBFFFD66FAA0FD3B" box="[1119,1327,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">P. austrospectabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF91F382FFB3C605FA96FD67FCD0FD1A" author="Wieser, W." pageId="9" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref5126" refString="Wieser, W. 1954. Free-living marine nematodes II. Chroma- doroidea. Acta Universitatis Lundensis NF 2: 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1954">Wieser, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB3C605FC35FD06FB14FD1A" authority="Timm, 1961" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1961" box="[917,1179,713,737]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sonadiae">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FC35FD06FB9EFD1A" box="[917,1041,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">P. sonadiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF91F382FFB3C605FBB7FD06FB14FD1A" author="Timm, R. W." box="[1047,1179,713,737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" pagination="25 - 88" refId="ref5095" refString="Timm, R. W. 1961. The marine nematodes of the Bay of Bengal. In Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Science 1: 25 - 88." type="journal article" year="1961">Timm, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing gubernaculum with slightly dilated distal end, six precloacal supplements, buccal cavity with large dorsal tooth and two small subventral teeth. However, the present Korean species is significantly differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB3C605FB13FC85FA0AFC99" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" box="[1203,1413,842,866]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="austrospectabilis">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FB13FC85FA0AFC99" box="[1203,1413,842,866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">P. austrospectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the distance of among six precloacal supplements and the presence of tiny denticles of the distal plates of gubernaculums. The present species clearly distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB3C605FCC6FC04FC6BFC18" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1961" box="[870,996,971,995]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sonadiae">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FCC6FC04FC6BFC18" box="[870,996,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">P. sonadiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by shorter tail length (2.7­3.0 abd vs. 3.1­4.0 abd) and turns of the amphideal fovea (4.25 turns vs. 5.5 turns). The present Korean specimens agree well with 
<bibRefCitation id="EF91F382FFB3C605FCC3FBE3FC7CFBBF" author="Kito, K." box="[867,1011,1068,1092]" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" pagination="250 - 273" refId="ref4829" refString="Kito, K. 1981. Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, IV. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University SeriesVI, Zoology 22: 250 - 273." type="journal article" year="1981">Kito’s (1981)</bibRefCitation>
original description, in general features, especially in the detailed structure of the gubernaculum, in the number and shape of the precloacal supplement, and in the features of the buccal armatures and the amphideal fovea. However, the Korean specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C00F5F0FFB3C605FC89FB01FC09FB1E" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[809,902,1229,1253]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cyatholaimidae" genus="Paracanthonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="512" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kamui">
<emphasis id="B9745261FFB3C605FC89FB01FC09FB1E" box="[809,902,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="512">P. kamui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not accord with the original description by having a longer overall body length (1774­1991 μm in male, 1851­2044 μm in female vs. 1658-1728 μm, 1761- 1816 μm) and ocelli situated at 24-28 μm from anterior end.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>