treatments-xml/data/03/9B/87/039B87D4FFE1FF205096B5333E44F944.xml

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<mods:title id="40658B486F67FAD7C91091621082333C">Two new and one newly recorded species of Polypedilum Kieffer 1912 with DNA barcodes from Oriental China (Chironomidae: Diptera)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF215096B5333B38FD9E" bold="true" box="[151,303,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF21513EB5333BF5FD9E" bold="true" box="[319,482,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Uresipedilum</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2151F2B53338BFFD9E" bold="true" box="[499,680,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">paraconvictum</emphasis>
Yamamoto, Yamamoto &amp; Hirowatari
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(
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, GenBank accession number 
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)
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF215096B5C93B00FD34" box="[151,279,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF215124B5C93BB9FD34" box="[293,430,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Uresipedilum</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2151BCB5C83842FD34" box="[445,597,691,712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">paraconvictum</emphasis>
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: 53
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<materialsCitation id="3B5A3C9FFFE1FF215096B58E3BC2FCCD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1437764329" collectingDate="2016-03-16" collectorName="Song C" country="China" latitude="109.67" location="Jianfengling National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="586" longitude="18.29" municipality="Material" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Province">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9ACB8FFE1FF215096B58E3AE8FCF2" box="[151,255,757,782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Material</collectingMunicipality>
examined
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. 1 
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, 
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: 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="FF8C1002FFE1FF215578B58E3AEBFCCE" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" value="2016-03-16">
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9EAFFE1FF215578B58E3AEBFCCE" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" value="2016-03-16">16. III. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26C75314FFE1FF215106B4613B4BFCCE" box="[263,348,794,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Song C</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMethod id="52734ED5FFE1FF215169B4623BC6FCCD" box="[360,465,793,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">light trap</collectingMethod>
.
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2150C6B4463B4EFCAA" bold="true" box="[199,345,829,854]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Description.</emphasis>
Male adult (n = 1). Total length 
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FFE1FF2152C5B446393CFCA9" box="[708,811,829,854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="2.51">2.51 mm</quantity>
. Wing length 
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FFE1FF2153C7B4463E3AFCA9" box="[966,1069,829,854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="1.63">1.63 mm</quantity>
. Wing length/length of profemur 2.01.
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2150C6B4FE3B55FC62" box="[199,322,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Coloration</emphasis>
. Head pale brown, with brown antennal flagellums; Thorax light brown, Legs yellowish except tibia pale brown. Abdomen yellow (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FFE1FF21522AB4D238B4FC3E" box="[555,675,937,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[351,1220,199,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[346,1240,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – D. P. (U.) paraconvictum Yamamoto, Yamamoto &amp; Hirowatari. A—Body in ventral view; B—Dorsal view of hypopygium; C—Ventral view of hypopygium; D—Superior volsella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
).
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<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE1FF2150C6B4B638D7FBCD" blockId="6.[151,1437,757,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2150C6B4B63B13FC1A" box="[199,260,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Head</emphasis>
. Frontal tubercles absent. AR 1.34. Ultimate flagellomere 495 µm long; Temporal setae 9 including 3 outer verticals, 4 inner verticals and 2 postorbitals; Clypeus with 13 setae; Tentorium 102 µm long, 25 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 25; 32; 3rd–5th absent.
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2150C6B3473B0FFBA9" box="[199,280,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Thorax</emphasis>
. Dorsocentrals 13, including 3 humerals; acrostichals 9; prealars 3. Scutellum with 14 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE1FF2150C6B31A3B33FB63" blockId="6.[151,1437,757,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2150C6B31A3AE8FB84" box="[199,255,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Wing</emphasis>
. VR 1.30. R2+3 adjacent to R1. R with 20, R1 with 12, R4+5 with 26 setae. Brachiolum without seta. Squama with 5 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE1FF2150C6B3D73AE6FAD3" blockId="6.[151,1437,757,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2150C6B3D73AEBFB3F" box="[199,252,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Legs</emphasis>
. Scale of fore tibia triangular, rounded, without apical short spur. Spur on median tibia 37 µm long, comb including 20 lateral teeth; un-spurred comb including 24 lateral teeth; spur on posterior tibia 40 µm long, comb including 16 lateral teeth, un-spurred comb including 16 lateral teeth. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in 
<tableCitation id="C6B00379FFE1FF215096B26D3AFBFAD3" box="[151,236,1302,1327]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1374,1397]" captionText="TABLE 3. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of P. (U.) paraconvictum Yamamoto, Yamamoto &amp; Hirowatari." pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Table 3</tableCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF215096B2253B1EFA89" bold="true" box="[151,265,1374,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of 
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. (
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.) 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF21532AB22539DCFA89" box="[811,971,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">paraconvictum</emphasis>
Yamamoto, Yamamoto &amp; Hirowatari.
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<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE1FF21511AB2E93EE3FA2D" blockId="6.[159,1304,1425,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Fe Ti Ta1 Ta2 Ta3 Ta4 P1 8 0 0 5 5 0 - - - -</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE1FF21509EB29F3F05F9DF" blockId="6.[159,1304,1425,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">P2 810 645 355 205 150 95 P3 890 720 510 290 290 175</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE1FF21511AB14C3EE3F98A" blockId="6.[159,1304,1425,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Ta5 W.Ti BR LR BV SV P1 - 4 4 - - - -</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE1FF21509EB1F23F73F826" blockId="6.[159,1304,1425,1737]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,1805,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
P2 60 45 5.12 0.55 3.55 4.10 P3 75 45 3.80 0.71 2.55 3.16 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE1FF2150C6B0753B41F8D9" box="[199,342,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A47FFE1FF215167B076381BF8DA" box="[358,524,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[351,1220,199,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[346,1240,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – D. P. (U.) paraconvictum Yamamoto, Yamamoto &amp; Hirowatari. A—Body in ventral view; B—Dorsal view of hypopygium; C—Ventral view of hypopygium; D—Superior volsella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Figures 5B–D</figureCitation>
). Tergite IX with 5 median setae and laterosternite IX with 4 setae respectively. Anal point 30 µm long, parallel-sided with 5 µm wide in base, 2.5 µm wide at apex. Base of superior volsella, 25 µm long covered with microtrichiae, with 3 subapical inner setae and 1 apical out seta; apical projection, 26 µm long, nearly as long as basal portion, microtrichia-free and deeply curved (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FFE1FF2153D3B0023E5FF86E" box="[978,1096,1913,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[351,1220,199,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[346,1240,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – D. P. (U.) paraconvictum Yamamoto, Yamamoto &amp; Hirowatari. A—Body in ventral view; B—Dorsal view of hypopygium; C—Ventral view of hypopygium; D—Superior volsella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Figure 5D</figureCitation>
); Inferior volsella 72 µm long, with 6 dorsal setae. Phallapodeme 51 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 50 µm long. Gonocoxite 127 µm long. Gonostylus 125 µm long, semilunar like, with one apical seta and 6 setae on inner margin. HR 1.04. HV 1.97.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4D664AFFE0FF205096B23F394AFA85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345052/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" targetBox="[351,1220,199,1309]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE0FF205096B23F394AFA85" blockId="7.[151,1436,1348,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205096B23F3B53FAA5" bold="true" box="[151,324,1348,1369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 5A–D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FFE0FF20514BB23E39DEFAA5" authority="Yamamoto, Yamamoto &amp; Hirowatari." authorityName="Yamamoto, Yamamoto &amp; Hirowatari." box="[330,969,1348,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraconvictum" subGenus="Uresipedilum">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF20514BB23E3B4AFAA6" bold="true" box="[330,349,1349,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF20514BB23E3B40FAA6" bold="true" box="[330,343,1349,1370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">P</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205162B23F3838FAA6" bold="true" box="[355,559,1348,1371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
(
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF20516DB23E3B69FAA6" bold="true" box="[364,382,1349,1370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">U</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205192B23F3838FAA6" bold="true" box="[403,559,1348,1370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">paraconvictum</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205235B23E38BDFAA6" bold="true" box="[564,682,1349,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Yamamoto</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF2052AAB23E393EFAA6" bold="true" box="[683,809,1349,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">, Yamamoto</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF20534BB23F39D3FAA5" bold="true" box="[842,964,1348,1369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Hirowatari</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF2053C4B23F39DEFAA5" bold="true" box="[965,969,1348,1369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A—Body in ventral view; B—Dorsal view of hypopygium; C—Ventral view of hypopygium; D—Superior volsella.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3286549FFE0FF2050C6B2D838EDF993" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE0FF2050C6B2D838C2F9FF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1443,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF2050C6B2D83B23FA40" bold="true" box="[199,308,1443,1468]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Remarks</emphasis>
. The comparisons between Chinese specimen and Japanese (
<tableCitation id="C6B00379FFE0FF2053F3B2D83E5EFA47" box="[1010,1097,1443,1468]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,239,365,388]" captionTargetBox="[151,1245,416,1235]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparison between Chinese specimen and Japanese of P. (U.) paraconvictum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4D664AFFEFFF2F5096B6163E73FE78" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="DF4D664AFFEFFF2F5096B6163E73FE78">Table 4</tableCitation>
) show most of characters are very close. Comparatively, Antenna Ratio of Chinese specimen is a little higher (1.34 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205464B2B33E6BFA23" box="[1125,1148,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">vs</emphasis>
0.97–1.05); length of leg segments are larger than that of Japanese (
<tableCitation id="C6B00379FFE0FF205271B29038D0F9FF" box="[624,711,1515,1540]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,239,365,388]" captionTargetBox="[151,1245,416,1235]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparison between Chinese specimen and Japanese of P. (U.) paraconvictum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4D664AFFEFFF2F5096B6163E73FE78" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="DF4D664AFFEFFF2F5096B6163E73FE78">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE0FF2050C6B17438EDF993" blockId="7.[151,1436,1443,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
The species is very close to 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FFE0FF205208B1743E99F9DB" authority="Skuse, 1889" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[521,1166,1551,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oresitrophum" subGenus="Uresipedilum">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205208B1743880F9D4" box="[521,663,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF2052A9B1743928F9D4" box="[680,831,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Uresipedilum</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205350B17439F1F9D4" box="[849,998,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">oresitrophum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FFE0FF2053F7B1743E91F9DB" author="Skuse" box="[1014,1158,1551,1576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Skuse, F. A. A. (1889) Diptera of Australia. Part VI. The Chironomidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2, 215 - 311." type="journal article" year="1889">Skuse, 1889</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It can morphologically distinguished from the latter (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FFE0FF2051E7B14838E7F9B7" author="Saether" box="[486,752,1587,1612]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Oyewo, E. A. (2008) Keys, phylogenies and biogeography of Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saether (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1806, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2008">
Saether 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF20523FB14F3845F9B7" box="[574,594,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">et</emphasis>
Oyewo 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig 10E) by having microtrichia-free projection of superior volsella and a higher AR (
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FFE0FF2051BDB12C3BEAF98C" box="[444,509,1623,1648]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" unit="in" value="0.6">0.6 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FFE0FF205205B12338FDF98C" box="[516,746,1623,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oresitrophum" subGenus="Uresipedilum">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205205B1233805F993" box="[516,530,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF20522BB1233829F993" box="[554,574,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">U</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF205254B12C38FDF98C" box="[597,746,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">oresitrophum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3286549FFE0FF2050C6B1003E44F944" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FFE0FF2050C6B1003E44F944" blockId="7.[151,1436,1443,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF2050C6B1003B4EF968" bold="true" box="[199,345,1659,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Distribution</emphasis>
. The species was erected by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FFE0FF20529EB107398AF968" author="Yamamoto" box="[671,925,1659,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Yamamoto, N., Yamamoto, M. &amp; Hirowatari, T. (2015) Taxonomic study on the subgenus Uresipedilum (Diptera: Chironomidae: Polypedilum), with description of a new species from the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, Japan. European Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5 (1), 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="2015">
Yamamoto 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FFE0FF20531EB1073947F968" box="[799,848,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
based on the specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="F3257652FFE0FF2054E4B1073F32F96F" box="[1253,1317,1660,1683]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Yaeyama Islands, 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F820FFE0FF2050F5B1E43B49F944" box="[244,350,1695,1720]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
). Chinese material was collected in 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F820FFE0FF2052F1B1E43956F944" box="[752,833,1695,1720]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Hainan</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F3257652FFE0FF205349B1E4399BF944" box="[840,908,1695,1720]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Island</collectingCountry>
(Oriental 
<collectingCountry id="F3257652FFE0FF2053FEB1E43E50F944" box="[1023,1095,1695,1720]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">China</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>