400 lines
55 KiB
XML
400 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="958DFC57BAC0749E88FC841300649936" ID-CLB-Dataset="263342" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67e7a105-1f62-414a-83d9-f758039eb726" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958937" ID-ZooBank="F9834684-24D3-4795-B5EB-77B451DF856D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1684793492880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2023" docId="038776236239FF622DEFB2ECFBB45C8B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5286.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5286 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parena (Parena) madagascariensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="FFBE0E5B6246FFE32D78B27BFFE75D5A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="128" updateTime="1699506634024" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6B136CB104EE4895B33E433F8EBCC404">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D36CF0E64DB72FE1C5F21B39F4CC6DB">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33EECE008D70ADB606006288047D5A1F">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F7216CDA9AEC4BBB4F8A502D0384B8DA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="57B326E4CA06A7E469AF480DE91D994C">
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<mods:date id="C683537BCB5E1775C177A2DDACB74C0D">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038776236239FF622DEFB2ECFBB45C8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963813" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209628971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236239FF622DEFB2ECFBB45C8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038776236239FF622DEFB2ECFBB45C8B" lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6239FF9C2DEFB2ECFCA55DEB" box="[151,834,151,178]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356239FF9C2DEFB2ECFCA55DEB" blockId="127.[151,1216,151,214]" box="[151,834,151,178]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DEFB2ECFCA55DEB" bold="true" box="[151,834,151,178]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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[40]
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2DB7B2ECFCA55DEB" ID-CoL="4DKPR" authority="(Alluaud, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[207,834,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" subGenus="Parena">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DB7B2ECFEC05DEB" bold="true" box="[207,295,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Parena</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2C40B2ECFE775DEB" bold="true" box="[312,400,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Parena</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2CDAB2ECFD9E5DE8" bold="true" box="[418,633,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">madagascariensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46239FF9C2FF0B2ECFCDD5DEB" author="Alluaud, C." box="[648,826,151,177]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6239FF9C2DEFB2C0FB275D8C" box="[151,1216,187,214]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356239FF9C2DEFB2C0FB275D8C" blockId="127.[151,1216,151,214]" box="[151,1216,187,214]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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Habitus:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C2D85B2C0FE055D8F" box="[253,482,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="126.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,510,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-211@126.[158,1430,510,1879]" captionTargetPageId="126" captionText="FIGURE 76. Habitus of Parena (Parena) scutata species group. A Lectotype of Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud). B Holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel [= Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud)]. C P. madagascariensis (Alluaud), female from Madagascar. D Holotype of Parena valeriae Facchini. E Lectotype of Parena scutata (Alluaud). F Holotype of Parena ruficornis. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959096/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Figs 76A, 76B, 76C</figureCitation>
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. Male genitalia:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C2FE4B2C0FD165D8C" box="[668,753,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="127.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,1075,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-412@127.[156,1432,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURE 77. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, paralectotype of Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959098/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Figs 77</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C2F85B2C0FCFB5D8F" box="[765,796,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="128.[151,250,991,1015]" captionTargetBox="[169,1405,177,958]" captionTargetId="figure-28@128.[161,1425,166,967]" captionTargetPageId="128" captionText="FIGURE 78. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959100/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">78</figureCitation>
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. Gonocoxites of ovipositor:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C2922B2C0FB5E5D8C" box="[1114,1209,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 11V</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6239FF9C2DEFB281FB055C6B" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356239FF9C2DEFB281FB055C6B" blockId="127.[151,1437,250,305]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46239FF9C2DEFB281FEA15C48" author="Alluaud, C." box="[151,326,250,274]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud,1917:87</bibRefCitation>
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(Original:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2CD6B281FDD15C48" ID-CoL="8KWFM" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[430,566,250,274]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2CD6B281FDD15C48" box="[430,566,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A56239FF9C2FB9B281FCDA5C48" box="[705,829,250,274]" name="Madagascar" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,Montagne d'Ambre;lectotypein MNHN);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46239FF9C2998B281FA7E5C48" author="Jeannel, R." box="[1248,1433,250,274]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="767 - 1146" refId="ref111235" refString="Jeannel, R. (1949) Faune de l'Empire francais. XI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region malgache (troisieme partie). Paris: Librairie Larose, 767 - 1146." type="book chapter" year="1949">Jeannel,1949:972</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2DEFB362FDE15C6B" ID-CoL="4DKP2" authority="Jeannel, 1949: 973" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityPageNumber="973" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,518,280,305]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DEFB362FEA65C6A" bold="true" box="[151,321,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Parena alluaudi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46239FF9C2C3FB362FDE15C6B" author="Jeannel, R." box="[327,518,281,305]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="767 - 1146" refId="ref111235" refString="Jeannel, R. (1949) Faune de l'Empire francais. XI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region malgache (troisieme partie). Paris: Librairie Larose, 767 - 1146." type="book chapter" year="1949">Jeannel, 1949: 973</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A56239FF9C2FD8B362FCFB5C6B" box="[672,796,281,305]" name="Madagascar" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, Mahatsinjo;
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<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2EDDB362FC195C6B" box="[933,1022,281,305]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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in MNHN).
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C29F9B362FB055C6B" bold="true" box="[1153,1250,281,305]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6239FF9C2DEFB321FAA35FE2" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356239FF9C2DEFB321FACD5F16" blockId="127.[151,1437,345,1056]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DEFB321FE5A5C29" bold="true" box="[151,445,345,372]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Type material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2CB5B322FC435C29" authority="Alluaud" authorityName="Alluaud" box="[461,932,345,372]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2CB5B322FC435C29" bold="true" box="[461,932,345,372]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2CB5B322FCDD5C2E" bold="true" box="[461,826,345,372]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Crossoglossa madagascariensis</emphasis>
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Alluaud
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2ECEB321FBCB5C2E" bold="true" box="[950,1068,346,372]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2ECEB321FBCB5C2E" box="[950,1068,346,372]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(MNHN,
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C29DDB321FAE85C2E" box="[1189,1295,346,372]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="126.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,510,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-211@126.[158,1430,510,1879]" captionTargetPageId="126" captionText="FIGURE 76. Habitus of Parena (Parena) scutata species group. A Lectotype of Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud). B Holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel [= Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud)]. C P. madagascariensis (Alluaud), female from Madagascar. D Holotype of Parena valeriae Facchini. E Lectotype of Parena scutata (Alluaud). F Holotype of Parena ruficornis. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959096/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 76A</figureCitation>
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), designated herein: male, body length =
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<quantity id="4CD66AD06239FF9C2CA1B305FDD85CC2" box="[473,575,382,408]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="11.1">11.1 mm</quantity>
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, pin mounted, "
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A56239FF9C2F89B305FC9B5CC2" box="[753,892,382,408]" name="Madagascar" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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||
/ Diego-Suarez
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C294EB305FBA35CC2" box="[1078,1092,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">7</emphasis>
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||
/ Ch. Alluaud 1893", "TYPE" [red label], "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD" [blue label], "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2EE5B3D9FBD45CE6" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[925,1075,418,444]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2EE5B3D9FBD45CE6" box="[925,1075,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2930B3D9FB145CE6" box="[1096,1267,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">madagascarice</emphasis>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2870B3D9FA7B5CE6" box="[1288,1436,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Alluaud
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6239FF9C281FB3D8FA7B5CE6" box="[1383,1436,419,444]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DD0B3BDFEBF5CBA" box="[168,344,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Alluaud determ</emphasis>
|
||
"; "
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2C07B3BDFDF85CBA" box="[383,543,454,480]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2F40B3BDFD2B5CBA" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[568,716,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crossoglossa</taxonomicName>
|
||
madagas- / cariensis
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46239FF9C2EBBB3BDFB815CBA" author="Alluaud, C." box="[963,1126,454,480]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label].
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2D9CB391FE6E5F5E" bold="true" box="[228,393,490,516]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2D9CB391FE6E5F5E" box="[228,393,490,516]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6239FF9C2CEFB391FE055F5E" box="[407,482,490,516]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN), "
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2F12B391FD0F5F5E" box="[618,744,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">madagassa</emphasis>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2F85B390FC685F5E" box="[765,911,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Diego Suaris</emphasis>
|
||
", "♁" [red label], "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56239FF9C291AB391FB0A5F5E" box="[1122,1261,490,516]" name="Madagascar" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ Diego-Suarez / Ch. Alluaud 1893", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD"[blue label], "ex Typis" [red letter]; "
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C286AB075FEE55F16" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2C60B049FE4B5F16" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[280,428,562,588]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crossoglossa</taxonomicName>
|
||
madagas- / cariensis
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46239FF9C2FE3B049FCDC5F16" author="Alluaud, C." box="[667,827,562,588]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label] <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C29BCB049FAF15F16" box="[1220,1302,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="127.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,1075,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-412@127.[156,1432,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURE 77. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, paralectotype of Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959098/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356239FF9C2DBFB02DFAA35FE2" blockId="127.[151,1437,345,1056]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2DBFB02DFE025F2A" authority="Jeannel" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,485,597,624]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DBFB02DFE025F2A" bold="true" box="[199,485,597,624]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DBFB02DFE655F2A" bold="true" box="[199,386,597,624]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Parena alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
Jeannel
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2C8BB02DFD875F2A" bold="true" box="[499,608,598,624]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2C8BB02DFD875F2A" box="[499,608,598,624]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MNHN,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C2FACB02DFCDD5F2A" box="[724,826,598,624]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="126.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,510,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-211@126.[158,1430,510,1879]" captionTargetPageId="126" captionText="FIGURE 76. Habitus of Parena (Parena) scutata species group. A Lectotype of Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud). B Holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel [= Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud)]. C P. madagascariensis (Alluaud), female from Madagascar. D Holotype of Parena valeriae Facchini. E Lectotype of Parena scutata (Alluaud). F Holotype of Parena ruficornis. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959096/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 76B</figureCitation>
|
||
): male, body length =
|
||
<quantity id="4CD66AD06239FF9C294BB02DFB7E5F2A" box="[1075,1177,598,624]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, board mounted, "MAHATSINJO / pres Tananarive", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD" [blue label], "TYPE" [red label], "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2802B001FF385FE2" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2802B001FF385FE2" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2D8DB0E4FEC55FE2" box="[245,290,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">n.sp</emphasis>
|
||
.", "
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2C32B0E5FE055FE2" box="[330,482,670,696]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2C80B0E5FD425FE2" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityYear="1949" box="[504,677,670,696]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Parena alluaudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46239FF9C2FC3B0E5FCB25FE2" author="Jeannel, R." box="[699,853,670,696]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="767 - 1146" refId="ref111235" refString="Jeannel, R. (1949) Faune de l'Empire francais. XI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region malgache (troisieme partie). Paris: Librairie Larose, 767 - 1146." type="book chapter" year="1949">Jeannel, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label] <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C29A6B0E5FAC85FE2" box="[1246,1327,670,696]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="128.[151,250,991,1015]" captionTargetBox="[169,1405,177,958]" captionTargetId="figure-28@128.[161,1425,166,967]" captionTargetPageId="128" captionText="FIGURE 78. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959100/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6239FF9C2DBFB0B9FF02597A" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356239FF9C2DBFB0B9FE6C5E12" blockId="127.[151,1437,345,1056]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DBFB0B9FDC35F86" bold="true" box="[199,548,706,732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Notes on types and synonyms</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2F4AB0BAFBE35F81" authority="Alluaud" authorityName="Alluaud" box="[562,1028,705,732]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2F4AB0BAFBE35F81" bold="true" box="[562,1028,705,732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2F4AB0BAFC7A5F86" bold="true" box="[562,925,705,732]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Crossoglossa madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
Alluaud
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The original description mentioned
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6239FF9C2DEFB09DFEAC5E5A" box="[151,331,742,768]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from "Montagne d'Ambre", but no
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2FA5B09DFCD85E5A" box="[733,831,742,768]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was fixed. In the collection of MNHN, we found
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6239FF9C280AB09DFF3F5E7E" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
perfectly in accord with the original description. We herein designated the one with Alluaud's handwriting label as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2C64B155FE615E12" box="[284,390,814,840]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356239FF9C2DBFB129FF02597A" blockId="127.[151,1437,345,1056]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2DBFB129FE025E36" authority="Jeannel" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,485,849,876]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DBFB129FE025E36" bold="true" box="[199,485,849,876]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DBFB129FE655E36" bold="true" box="[199,386,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Parena alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
Jeannel
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The original description mentioned
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6239FF9C2EFCB129FC185E36" box="[900,1023,850,876]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
from "Mahatsinjo". In the collection of MNHN we found
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6239FF9C2CF8B10DFDFE5ECA" box="[384,537,886,912]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
perfectly in accord with the original description, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C29EAB10DFB135ECA" box="[1170,1268,886,912]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is a male. This specimen is very similar to the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2F30B1E0FCCA5EEE" box="[584,813,922,948]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2F30B1E0FCCA5EEE" box="[584,813,922,948]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except the color is slightly lighter. After examining the male genitalia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976239FF9C2CFDB1C5FE005E82" box="[389,487,958,984]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2F76B1C4FD605E82" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityYear="1949" box="[526,647,958,984]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2F76B1C4FD605E82" box="[526,647,958,984]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we found that it is perfectly identical with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C290DB1C4FABC5E82" box="[1141,1371,958,984]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C290DB1C4FABC5E82" box="[1141,1371,958,984]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C2812B1C5FF525EA6" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="127.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,1075,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-412@127.[156,1432,1065,1956]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURE 77. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, paralectotype of Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959098/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Figs 77</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06239FF9C2DBBB199FF045EA6" box="[195,227,994,1020]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="128.[151,250,991,1015]" captionTargetBox="[169,1405,177,958]" captionTargetId="figure-28@128.[161,1425,166,967]" captionTargetPageId="128" captionText="FIGURE 78. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959100/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">78</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, we treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2CDBB198FD505EA6" authority="Jeannel" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityYear="1949" box="[419,695,994,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2CDBB198FDBD5EA6" box="[419,602,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Parena alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
Jeannel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2EA8B199FA7B5EA6" authority="Alluaud" authorityName="Alluaud" box="[976,1436,994,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2EA8B199FADE5EA6" box="[976,1337,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Crossoglossa madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
Alluaud
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5197BD6239FF9C2DEFB5C0FB1A5AAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7959098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959098/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" startId="127.[151,250,1979,2003]" targetBox="[165,1417,1075,1947]" targetPageId="127" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356239FF9C2DEFB5C0FB1A5AAD" blockId="127.[151,1436,1979,2039]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2DEFB5C0FEFE5A89" bold="true" box="[151,281,1979,2003]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">FIGURE 77</emphasis>
|
||
. Median lobe of male genitalia for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2F05B5C7FBA85A89" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[637,1103,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" subGenus="Parena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2F05B5C7FD205A89" box="[637,711,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2FADB5C7FCF85A89" box="[725,799,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2E55B5C0FC035A89" box="[813,996,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Alluaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, paralectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66239FF9C2FFEB5A4FB805AAD" authority="Alluaud. Scale" authorityName="Alluaud. Scale" box="[646,1127,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276239FF9C2FFEB5A4FC2C5AAD" box="[646,971,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Crossoglossa madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
Alluaud. Scale
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bar = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5197BD62C6FF632DEFB1A4FBC05941" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7959100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959100/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" startId="128.[151,250,991,1015]" targetBox="[169,1405,177,958]" targetPageId="128" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C6FF632DEFB1A4FBC05941" blockId="128.[151,1436,991,1051]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632DEFB1A4FEFE5EAD" bold="true" box="[151,281,991,1015]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">FIGURE 78</emphasis>
|
||
. Median lobe of male genitalia for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632F05B19BFBA85EAD" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[637,1103,991,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" subGenus="Parena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632F05B19BFD205EAD" box="[637,711,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632FADB19BFCF85EAD" box="[725,799,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632E55B1A4FC035EAD" box="[813,996,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Alluaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632F2FB67FFC765941" authority="Jeannel. Scale" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityYear="1949" box="[599,913,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632F2FB67FFD1C5941" box="[599,763,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Parena alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
Jeannel. Scale
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bar = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C6FF632DBFB631FB6259F1" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C6FF632DBFB631FB6259F1" blockId="128.[151,1437,1097,2024]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632DBFB631FDF85939" bold="true" box="[199,543,1097,1124]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Non-type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62C6FF632F57B631FD765939" box="[559,657,1097,1124]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN), "Mars", "Mt. d'Ambre,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562C6FF632966B632FB4B5939" box="[1054,1196,1097,1123]" name="Madagascar" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
", "MUSEUM PARIS
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562C6FF632DEFB615FE8659D2" box="[151,353,1134,1160]" name="Madagascar" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
, COLL A SICARD 1930", "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632FD9B616FBDC59DD" authority="All." authorityName="All." box="[673,1083,1133,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">Crossoglossa madagascariensis All.</taxonomicName>
|
||
".
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62C6FF632929B615FB5459DD" box="[1105,1203,1133,1160]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(NHMB), "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562C6FF632841B615FEEE59F6" name="Madagascar" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
C., Moramanga env.,
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F562C6FF632F79B6EAFD4F59F1" box="[513,680,1169,1195]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" value="1997-12-10" valueMax="1997-12-18" valueMin="1997-12-10">10-18.xii.1997</date>
|
||
, P. Pacholatko leg." <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C6FF632EE5B6EAFC1D59F6" box="[925,1018,1169,1196]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C6FF63297DB6E9FBD659F6" box="[1029,1073,1170,1196]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">11V</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C6FF632947B6EAFB9759F1" box="[1087,1136,1169,1195]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="126.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,510,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-211@126.[158,1430,510,1879]" captionTargetPageId="126" captionText="FIGURE 76. Habitus of Parena (Parena) scutata species group. A Lectotype of Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud). B Holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel [= Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud)]. C P. madagascariensis (Alluaud), female from Madagascar. D Holotype of Parena valeriae Facchini. E Lectotype of Parena scutata (Alluaud). F Holotype of Parena ruficornis. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959096/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">76C</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C6FF632DBFB6CEFC2A5B4E" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C6FF632DBFB6CEFC2A5B4E" blockId="128.[151,1437,1097,2024]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632DBFB6CEFE815995" bold="true" box="[199,358,1205,1231]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
. This species can be readily distinguished from all other species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632985B6CDFAA95995" box="[1277,1358,1206,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632985B6CDFAA95995" box="[1277,1358,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shape of elytral apices, which are distinctly truncate, with outer apical angles rounded-angulate and sutural angles forming sharp spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C6FF632CEFB686FE145842" box="[407,499,1277,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). For species of all other species groups in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF6329FCB685FB32584D" box="[1156,1237,1278,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF6329FCB685FB32584D" box="[1156,1237,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the elytra apical margin is evenly curved with sutural angles not pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C6FF632E75B75AFC815866" box="[781,870,1313,1340]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the other three species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF6329A2B759FAA25861" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1242,1349,1314,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF6329A2B759FAA25861" box="[1242,1349,1314,1339]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">P. scutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, the elytral apical margin is only moderately truncate, with the outer apical angles nearly rounded and sutural angles forming very small denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C6FF632F49B712FD5D58DE" box="[561,698,1385,1412]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Figs 5B, 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632FB5B711FC5658D9" box="[717,945,1385,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632FB5B711FC5658D9" box="[717,945,1385,1411]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also different from the other three species of the same species group in having elytra without a dark pattern, elytra with shallow isodiametric microsculpture, and slightly larger size.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632CDDB7C9FD6C5891" box="[421,651,1457,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632CDDB7C9FD6C5891" box="[421,651,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite distinct from all other known species in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632833B7C9FA7B5891" box="[1355,1436,1458,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632833B7C9FA7B5891" box="[1355,1436,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is externally similar to an
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D762C6FF632C8CB7AEFDB758B5" box="[500,592,1493,1519]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632FC3B7ADFCCB58B5" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[699,812,1493,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632FC3B7ADFCCB58B5" box="[699,812,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">P. kurosai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C6FF632EB7B7AEFB8058B5" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[975,1127,1493,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632EB7B7AEFB8058B5" box="[975,1127,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two species can be distinguished by differences in the position of the first elytral discal pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C6FF622DBFB466FD275CF7" lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C6FF622DBFB466FD275CF7" blockId="128.[151,1437,1097,2024]" lastBlockId="129.[151,1437,150,465]" lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C6FF632DBFB466FEB65B6D" bold="true" box="[199,337,1565,1591]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD66AD062C6FF632C8CB465FD7D5B62" box="[500,666,1566,1592]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.09" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="11.3" valueMax="11.7" valueMin="10.9">10.9–11.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsum reddish brown to dark brown, moderately polished; antennae brown, apical antennomeres slightly darker than basal four ones; pronotal lateral explanations slightly lighter than disc; elytra without pattern; venter and legs reddish brown, tarsi slightly darker than tibiae. Vertex with fine punctures; postgenae without suborbital setae; mentum with a pair of median setae, which are the same length as terminal labial palpomeres. Pronotum sub-quadrate, PW/PL = 1.36–1.41, slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.01–1.08; widest at anterior third, lateral margins evenly rounded before middle, gradually sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely rounded; lateral explanations wide; disc smooth, without punctures or transverse wrinkles. Elytra slightly dilated to apex; with shallow isodiametric microsculpture, visible only near base in some specimens; striae distinctly incised, very shallow near base, with fine puncture rows, punctures absent near elytral apices; intervals slightly convex, with sparse fine punctures; discal depression indistinct; apical truncation straight, outer apical angles prominent but apically rounded; sutural angles forming sharp spines. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 1 and full length of mesotarsomeres 2–3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII weakly emarginate in males, with two setae on each side in both sexes. Median lobe of aedeagus rather slender (AL/AW = 5.4–5.6), ventral margin straight near middle; apical lamella thin and narrow, oblong in dorsal view, LL much greater than LW, apex rounded; in lateral view, apical lamella slightly bent upward. Endophallus with very narrow flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum thick, extending near to the base of apical orifice; apical sclerite narrowly V-shaped, moderately defined, basal core distinct, small and moderately scaled; basal sheath very weakly scaled, apical sheath densely scaled, larger than basal sheath; squamate sac not divided, coniform, well chitinized, near middle of median lobe, ventral to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length subequal to basal width, apex strongly concave, inner apical angle strongly pointed; with four ensiform setae on outer apical angle, three on inner apical angle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C7FF622DBFB3CDFBB45C8B" box="[199,1107,438,465]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C7FF622DBFB3CDFBB45C8B" blockId="129.[151,1437,150,465]" box="[199,1107,438,465]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C7FF622DBFB3CDFEBE5C8A" bold="true" box="[199,345,438,464]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C7FF622C10B3CCFE255C8B" box="[360,450,439,465]" captionStart="MAP 13" captionStartId="125.[152,211,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-216@125.[151,1436,633,1470]" captionText="MAP 13. Distributions for species in the Parena (Parena) scutata group" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963701/files/figure.png" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Map 13</figureCitation>
|
||
, blue). Only known from the northern half of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562C7FF622EBDB3CCFBA95C8B" box="[965,1102,439,465]" name="Madagascar" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |