350 lines
35 KiB
XML
350 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e59529" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f98d7e75-2c58-4437-9810-30a035a8978c" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189471115" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2412-1908-6-611" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9868B63A42C25237BA36D784CDB43606" ID-ZooBank="482EFF14668B4A2F94C2900541A2821E" ModsDocID="2412-1908-6-611" checkinTime="1633362574006" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Pugaev, Sergey N. & Du, Tran Thieu" docDate="2020" docId="4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD" docLanguage="en" docName="FF86FF97FFE53C12FFDFFF6B2F69FB66" docOrigin="Acta Biologica Sibirica 6" docPubDate="2020-12-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e59529" docTitle="Apha kantonensis Mell 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="9868B63A42C25237BA36D784CDB43606" lastPageNumber="611" masterDocId="9868B63A42C25237BA36D784CDB43606" masterDocTitle="A review of Apha floralis species group (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae)" masterLastPageNumber="635" masterPageNumber="611" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" updateTime="1635288893090" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of Apha floralis species group (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zolotuhin, Vadim V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-7433</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Lenin square 4 / 5, Ulyanovsk, 432071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">v.zolot@mail.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pugaev, Sergey N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Lenin square 4 / 5, Ulyanovsk, 432071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Du, Tran Thieu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cay Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Acta Biologica Sibirica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-12-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>611</mods:start>
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<mods:end>635</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e59529</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e59529</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2412-1908-6-611</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">482EFF14668B4A2F94C2900541A2821E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9868B63A42C25237BA36D784CDB43606</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189471115" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD" lastPageNumber="611" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4BBF49DC-ED51-5060-ABDF-0B74D318B7BD" authority="Mell, [1930]" authorityName="Mell" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Eupterotidae" genus="Apha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apha kantonensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kantonensis">Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], " ex Raupe ", ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 " E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Figs 9-12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mell" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Eupterotidae" genus="Apha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apha kantonensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kantonensis">Apha kantonensis</taxonomicName>
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Mell, [1930],
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift</emphasis>
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1929 5: 428, fig. 43, figs 54; pl. 8: 9, 10; pl. 12: 2. TL: China,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Südkwangtung">"Suedkwangtung</normalizedToken>
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[= South Guangdong prov.], Lo fao shan". Holotype (by original designation): male (ZMHU) [examined].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" country="China" location="Kwangtung" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:AFFB87011DAC80A43FC48C9280469E95" country="China" name="Kwangtung">Kwangtung</location>
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, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="Chinese, Lo Fao, Raupe, R. Mell" country="China" location="Mell's" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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, [
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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] [mostly unreadable because of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mell’s">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:5F3A64D2F1D09D54F2A4467EBDD66A66" country="China" name="Mell's">Mell's</location>
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</normalizedToken>
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abbreviations or given by him in
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<collectorName>Chinese</collectorName>
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, some are pointed from
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<collectorName>Lo Fao</collectorName>
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], ex
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<collectorName>Raupe</collectorName>
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, ex coll.
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<collectorName>R. Mell</collectorName>
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(ZMHU)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-01" collectorName="Allen" country="China" elevation="100" location="Sekkong" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:C00175C955ED9FFE8A47EFEEB6F8EB46" country="China" name="Sekkong">Sekkong</location>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1978-01">Jan. 1978</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>Allen</collectorName>
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(MWM)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="Uk Tau" country="China" location="China" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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, Hongkong, New Territories, leg.
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<collectorName>Uk Tau</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<date value="1998-04-27">27.IV.1998</date>
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(SMFL);
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="New Territories, Uk Tau" country="China" location="China" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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, Hongkong,
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<collectorName>New Territories</collectorName>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>Uk Tau</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<date value="1998-11-21">21.XI. 1998</date>
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(SMFL);
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-10-06" collectingDateMax="2008-10-09" collectingDateMin="2008-10-06" collectorName="Zolotuhin" country="Vietnam" county="Prov." latitude="20.35" location="Bong" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="105.6" municipality="Nho Quan Distr." specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Ninh Binh" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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, N.
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<collectingCountry name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Prov.</collectingCounty>
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<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Ninh Binh">Ninh Binh</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Nho Quan Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:9AB3CBB4E1D698843B98062ED33D831C" country="Vietnam" county="Prov." latitude="20.35" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="105.6" municipality="Nho Quan Distr." name="Bong" stateProvince="Ninh Binh">Bong</location>
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- Cuc Phuong vill.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="20.35">20°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="105.6">105°36'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2008-10-06" valueMax="2008-10-09" valueMin="2008-10-06">6-9.X.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0083599999999997" unit="m" value="2008360.0">2008, 360 m</quantity>
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</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>Zolotuhin</collectorName>
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(MWM)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="L. & J. de Joannis" country="Vietnam" location="An Chau" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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, Tonkin [Northern
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<collectingCountry name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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],
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:5AD606B977108B091AE4AFAE88D1B9B9" country="Vietnam" name="An Chau">An Chau</location>
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, coll.
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<collectorName>L. & J. de Joannis</collectorName>
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(MNHN)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-07-17" collectorName="Du Thieu Tran, S. Pugaev" country="Vietnam" county="Central" location="Phuos My Comm." municipality="Phuoc Son Distr." specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Quang Nam Prov." typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Central</collectingCounty>
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<collectingCountry name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Quang Nam">Quang Nam Prov.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Phuoc Son Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:6911AE36AB33E1480D46395EB400353A" country="Vietnam" county="Central" municipality="Phuoc Son Distr." name="Phuos My Comm." stateProvince="Quang Nam Prov.">Phuos My Comm.</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:84FA017D015524CD2C08F09D6A640F3C" country="Vietnam" county="Central" municipality="Phuoc Son Distr." name="Deo Lo Xo" stateProvince="Quang Nam Prov.">Deo Lo Xo</location>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2009-07-17">17.VII 2009</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>Du Thieu Tran</collectorName>
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leg. (coll.
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<collectorName>S. Pugaev</collectorName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-01-19" collectingDateMax="2006-01-21" collectingDateMin="2006-01-19" collectorName="Bokor N. P., G. Csorba, G. Ronkay" country="Cambodia" elevation="1" latitude="10.622833" location="Hill Station" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="104.02216" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kampot Prov." typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Cambodia">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Cambodia" name="Kampot">Kampot Prov.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectorName>Bokor N.P.</collectorName>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:353C8AD4465CC5C4E79392DAF99230F0" country="Cambodia" latitude="10.622833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="104.02216" name="Hill Station" stateProvince="Kampot Prov.">Hill Station</location>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" unit="m" value="1.025">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" unit="m" value="1.025">1.025 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="37,37" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="10.622833">10°37,37'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="01,33" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="104.02216">104°01,33'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2006-01-19" valueMax="2006-01-21" valueMin="2006-01-19">19-21.I.2006</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>G. Csorba</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>G. Ronkay</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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(MWM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Male</emphasis>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], " ex Raupe ", ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 " E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">9</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], " ex Raupe ", ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 " E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">10</figureCitation>
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; Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore wing length 23-29 mm. Costal margin slightly curved, wing apex rounded or weakly acute. There is a dark spot in the yellow basal area of the fore wing. Basal fascia is dentate, inner margin distinct, vague distally. Discal dot is well expressed, round, brown or black. Antemedial fascia is crenulate, thick, with two such duplicating lines on the outer margin. Postmedial fascia is yellow, not well expressed, but with conspicuous inner dark-brown or black shadow which terminates at the wing apex, anterially to the apical patch. The apical patch is yellow, with an enclosed large ovoid dark spot. Submarginal fascia brown, dentate, hardly visible, but widened into well expressed dots on the veins. In the hind wing, the shadow of the postmedial fascia is terracotta, straight, with a slight apical curve, while the yellow postmedial fascia is not well expressed. Medial field is uniformly coloured citron-yellow. Moths emerging in the dry summer season are smaller than those of the wet winter season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 24–27" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 24 - 27. Male genitalia: 24 - holotype A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], ZMHU- 2007 - 05, [China], ex coll. R. Mell; 25 - A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], MWM- 11.926, Cambodia, Kampot prov., Bokor M. P., Hill Station, 1025 m, 10 ° 37 ' 37 N 104 ° 01.33 E, 19 - 21. I. 2006, leg. G. Csorba & G. Ronkay (MWM); 26 - holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 " E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 27 - paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487824" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 24–27" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 24 - 27. Male genitalia: 24 - holotype A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], ZMHU- 2007 - 05, [China], ex coll. R. Mell; 25 - A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], MWM- 11.926, Cambodia, Kampot prov., Bokor M. P., Hill Station, 1025 m, 10 ° 37 ' 37 N 104 ° 01.33 E, 19 - 21. I. 2006, leg. G. Csorba & G. Ronkay (MWM); 26 - holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 " E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 27 - paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487824" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bases of uncus lobes situated tightly against each other, their lobes are spatulate. In the valva, the costa is straight, the sacculus margin curved, the apex scoop-shaped and bearing 2 - 3 spurs. Saccus is not expressed. Aedeagus short, coecum almost the same length of the tube of the aedeagus. Vesica cone-shaped and angled at which point the cornuti change direction forming a bare membranous, circular zone lacking cornuti. Cornuti are of equal length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], " ex Raupe ", ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 " E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], " ex Raupe ", ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 " N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 " E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore wing length 30-35 mm. Apart from the much wider wings, the female is markedly different to the male in the colour of the outer margins which are not yellow but light brown. The postmedial fascia on the fore wing is yellow and falls short of the apex by about 3 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–30" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 28 - 30. Female genitalia: 28 - female allotype A. zephyrus sp. n., ZFMK- 2011 - 02, China, Prov. Nord-Yuennan, Li-kiang, 2.000 m, 3. VII. 1935, H. Hoene (ZFMK); 29 - female allotype A. witti sp. n., MWM- 17.297, China / Sichuan, Qionglai Shan, 31 ° 13 ' N, 102 ° 23 ' E, May 2006, 1400 m, leg. Siniaev & his team (MWM); 30 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], ZMHU- 2007 - 08, [China], " ex Raupe ", ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487825" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales are bean-shaped. Anterior apophyses are more slender and longer than the posterior. The postvaginal plate is wide with two rounded, lateral lobes in its upper half. The antevaginal plate has a deep, rounded, medial incision, which divides the plate into two lobes, each lobe is elongated, curved, strongly widened distally to form a fishtail shape and with rounded apical corners. Antrum is wide and short, slightly sclerotized. Ductus is wide at antrum and distinctly narrowed at the teardrop-shaped corpus bursae which has a thorn-shaped signum with a round base at its equator.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
|
||
The brown shadow of the postmedial fascia reaches the wing margin at the apex in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. floralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. floralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. zephyrus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zephyrus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. zephyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. witti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="witti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. witti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which terminates approximately 5 mm from the wing apex. It is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. chloralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. chloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in colour and pattern, but in the latter species the submarginal fasciae are vague or absent in the hind wings; in the male genitalia the lobes of the uncus are spatulate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="bionomics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Bionomics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
|
||
Localized but rather common in Hong Kong (Roger Kendrick, pers. comm., see also http://www.hkwildlife.net/viewthread.php?tid=12308). Moths are on the wing as two to four generations per year: two are obligate - the first with emergence from October to January; the second from April to May. Intermediate generations are known to occasionally occur. The species is typically coastal and is not known from the interior of the continent. In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. chloralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. chloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., it does not occur in the higher mountains and is mostly known from lowlands (100 m) up to 1.025 m. The biology of the species was studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mell, R" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" pagination="337 - 494" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" refId="B5" refString="Mell, R, 1929 [1930]. Die Brahmaeiden und Eupterotiden Chinas. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 5: 337 - 494, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" title="Die Brahmaeiden und Eupterotiden Chinas." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" volume="5" year="1929 [1930]">Mell (1929 [1930])</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who also figured the caterpillars and pupa of the species (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 31 - 34. Pupal characters of Apha: 31 - frontal shield of a pupa of A. chloralis sp. n.; 32 - same for A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]); 33, 34 - cremaster of a pupa of A. chloralis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487826" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">51</figureCitation>
|
||
). The watery off-white eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. kantonensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kantonensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. kantonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are approximately 1.5 mm in diameter and 0.76 mm in height. Eggs laid in April hatch in 10 - 12 days. Before hatching, eggs become darker, changing through yellow to brown. Caterpillars of the first instar are 5 mm long, with whitish body and yellow head. There are two rows of black subdorsal verrucas covered with whitish setae of similar length to the larval body (5 - 7 mm). On being disturbed, the caterpillars curl up into a ball which helps them to be rolled away by wind - rather like the seeds of some plants. After the first moult the basic colour changes to whitish-yellow, the caterpillars becoming a bit brighter. After the second moult the head becomes rusty yellow. The number of rusty hairs increases after the third moult. In the fifth instar, after the fourth moult, the caterpillar becomes completely brown with shiny red-brown hairs of approximately 1 cm densely covering its body (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">50</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maximum size of the caterpillars ranged from 4.5 - 5.8 cm. Mell recorded only 4 moults for caterpillars of this species, i.e. only 5 instars. It contradicts our data concerning allied species as well as other species of this family which all have 7 instars. Host plants are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="A." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caprifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lonicera macrantha" order="Dipsacales" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrantha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Lonicera macrantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. confusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">L. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but other bushes and trees could be also be utilized (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mell, R" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" pagination="337 - 494" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" refId="B5" refString="Mell, R, 1929 [1930]. Die Brahmaeiden und Eupterotiden Chinas. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 5: 337 - 494, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" title="Die Brahmaeiden und Eupterotiden Chinas." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" volume="5" year="1929 [1930]">Mell 1929 [1930]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 422).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
|
||
Caterpillars grow fast; the spring generation develops in only 31 - 33 days. The pupa is sheltered between leaves in a dense but soft cocoon of 25-35 mm length, densely covered with larval setae. Male pupae reach 22 mm, the females 28 - 29 mm. Antennal cases of both sexes are more than twice as thick at the level of mid legs bases. Cremaster is straight. Pupal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 35–49" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 35 - 49. Preimaginal stages of A. chloralis: 35 - eggs; 36 - head of the caterpillars L 6; 37, 38 - L 1; 39, 40 - L 2; 41, 42 - L 3; 43 - L 4; 44, 45 - L 5; 46, 47 - L 6; 48 - L 7; 49 - pupa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487827" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">36</figureCitation>
|
||
) development is very uneven and usually takes from 14 - 19 but may increase up to 32 - 35 days, pupal diapauses have been recorded up to 114 days (loc. cit.: 424). Mell records copulation by females immediately after hatching; they begin oviposition in 4 days and can lay all their eggs in a single night; female fertility is 87 - 160 eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
|
||
South-eastern China: Guangdong; Vietnam; Cambodia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 58–59" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 58 - 59. Distribution maps of Apha floralis group." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487829" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">59</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |