340 lines
45 KiB
XML
340 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2BCD655064619AF5347FF7C3583B7548">Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E4658CC0420E37B4D5510ABB608AB6D5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8B3993E8EFAB1ACDF4961A20E6E6BB59">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8DFA4E019A3B4A5AE7AA8DA10E556755">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E5A9BA7A45A57FBB8C3A2409A2CD283" type="email">ceciliamelo@fcnym.unlp.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0242852F64786695B8F99CC18299D2E6">Melo, María Cecilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD057AE8209CAE795FF88A41BA4C7A6B">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C3FDC34D568E028C3588B995970C71CE">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="66CD7FF28381E4345F0176806EAC672C">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0E3F147910A021D1925FA27FDE1F9E8" box="[269,639,1522,1549]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910A021D1925FA27FDE1F9E8" ID-CoL="4TZFR" authority="Champion, 1898" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[269,639,1522,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
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<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1925FA27FE23F9E8" bold="true" box="[269,445,1522,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Saica erubescens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D19ECFA27FDE1F9E8" author="CHAMPION G." box="[452,639,1523,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" refId="ref22513" refString="CHAMPION G. 1898. - Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, in GODMAN F. G. & SALVIN O. (eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Porter R. H., London, 416 p." type="book" year="1898">Champion, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D191DF9C6FDC8F9C8" blockId="14.[269,639,1522,1581]" box="[309,598,1554,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1914F9C6FEE3F9C8" box="[316,381,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[137,1452,215,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-14@12.[132,1455,215,1839]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 2. — Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 species, habitus: A‒D, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915, male dorsal (A); male, lateral (B); female, dorsal (C); female, lateral (D); E‒F, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943,male holotype,MNHN;dorsal (E); lateral (F); G, H, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994,female paratype, USNM:dorsal (G); lateral (H); I‒L, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; male dorsal (I); male, lateral (J); female, dorsal (K); female, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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I-L; 5C, L; 6B, I; 7)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910A021D18ACF981FDBAF988" ID-CoL="4TZFR" authority="Champion, 1898: 178" authorityName="Champion" authorityPageNumber="178" authorityYear="1898" box="[132,548,1621,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
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<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D18ACF981FEB7F988" box="[132,297,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Saica erubescens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D191BF981FDBAF988" author="CHAMPION G." box="[307,548,1621,1645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" refId="ref22513" refString="CHAMPION G. 1898. - Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, in GODMAN F. G. & SALVIN O. (eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Porter R. H., London, 416 p." type="book" year="1898">Champion, 1898: 178</bibRefCitation>
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[key]. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB5603A910A021D1ABEF981FED1F962" author="MCATEE W. L. & MALLOCH J. R." page="250" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D1ABEF981FED1F962" author="MCATEE W. L. & MALLOCH J. R." pageId="14" pageNumber="825" pagination="247 - 255" refId="ref23929" refString="MCATEE W. L. & MALLOCH J. R. 1923. - Notes on American Bactrodinae and Saicinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 16: 247 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 16.3.247" type="journal article" year="1923">McAtee & Malloch 1923: 250</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[key]. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB5603A910A021D1996F9BBFC99F962" author="MALDONADO CAPRILES J." box="[446,775,1647,1671]" page="479" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D1996F9BBFC99F962" author="MALDONADO CAPRILES J." box="[446,775,1647,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" refId="ref23898" refString="MALDONADO CAPRILES J. 1990. - Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the world (Insecta: Heteroptera). University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 694 p." type="book" year="1990">Maldonado Capriles 1990: 479</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[cat.]. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB5603A910A021D18C0F95EFE54F944" author="LUCAS M. & FORERO D. & BASSET Y." box="[232,458,1673,1697]" page="557" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D18C0F95EFE54F944" author="LUCAS M. & FORERO D. & BASSET Y." box="[232,458,1673,1697]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" pagination="546 - 558" refId="ref23766" refString="LUCAS M., FORERO D. & BASSET Y. 2016. - Diversity and recent population trends of assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Insect Conservation and Diversity 6: 546 - 558. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / icad. 12191" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Lucas
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<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1901F95EFEC4F944" box="[297,346,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">et al.</emphasis>
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2016: 557
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</bibRefCitation>
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[dist.]. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB5603A910A021D1A16F95EFC99F947" author="SWANSON D. R." box="[574,775,1674,1698]" page="974" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" year="2020">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D1A16F95EFC99F947" author="SWANSON D. R." box="[574,775,1674,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" pagination="973 - 981" refId="ref24549" refString="SWANSON D. R. 2020. - Saica erubescens (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Saicinae): First description of the female and a southward range extension. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 122: 973 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.122. 4.973" type="journal article" year="2020">Swanson 2020: 974</bibRefCitation>
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[female descript.].
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. —
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<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1955F909FE42F910" bold="true" box="[381,476,1757,1781]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
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<typeStatus id="54AFF889910A021D1955F909FE42F910" box="[381,476,1757,1781]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D19C0F909FDA9F910" box="[488,567,1757,1781]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Panama</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D1A65F935FDFFF91D" box="[589,609,1761,1784]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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;
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:
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;
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[
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(E) 1688178] (high-resolution images).
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. —
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•
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76910A021D1A6AF8E4FE35F87C" collectingDate="2019-05-03" collectingDateMax="2019-05-07" collectingDateMin="2019-05-03" collectionCode="STRI" collectorName="Bobadilla & Lopez & Perez & Ramirez" country="Colombia" latitude="9.154722" location="Oeste Province" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.84806" municipality="Barro Colorado Is." pageId="14" pageNumber="825" specimenCode="BCI169355" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Panama">
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;
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51910A021D18CEF89FFE05F887" box="[230,411,1866,1890]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Barro Colorado Is.</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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;
|
||
<date id="FFAA60EB910A021D1ABAF89EFC9CF887" box="[658,770,1866,1890]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="2019-05-06" valueMax="2019-05-07" valueMin="2019-05-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903910A021D1ABAF89EFC9CF887" box="[658,770,1866,1890]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="2019-05-06" valueMax="2019-05-07" valueMin="2019-05-06">6-7.V.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52553E3C910A021D18ABF8B1FF47F899" box="[131,217,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">light trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
LT-ARM
|
||
<date id="FFAA60EB910A021D1912F8B1FE2CF898" box="[314,434,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="2019-05-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903910A021D1912F8B1FE2CF898" box="[314,434,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="2019-05-03">3-MAY2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
-B;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D19E5F8B1FDB4F898" box="[461,554,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Bobadilla</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D1A1AF8B1FDF0F899" box="[562,622,1893,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Lopez</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D1A5DF8B1FD37F899" box="[629,681,1893,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Perez</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D1A99F8B1FC9DF898" box="[689,771,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Ramirez</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE910A021D18AAF8ABFF25F872" box="[130,187,1919,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">STRI</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE50910A021D18EDF8ABFEA3F872" box="[197,317,1919,1943]" collectionCode="STRI" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">BCI169355</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D196FF855FE35F87C" bold="true" box="[327,427,1921,1945]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D196FF855FE35F87C" box="[327,427,1921,1945]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76910A021D19E8F8ABFC99F82B" collectingDate="2018-02-25" collectionCode="IAVH-E" collectorName="C. Neita E. Torres & M. I. Castro & Trampa" country="Nicaragua" elevation="801" latitude="6.0" location="Carmen de Chucuri" longLatPrecision="42943" longitude="73.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" specimenCode="IAVH-E-206089" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santander">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D19E8F8ABFE7AF87E" box="[448,484,1919,1947]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D088C9910A021D19DAF8ABFDC6F872" box="[498,600,1919,1943]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Santander</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8ECB10F0910A021D1A49F8ABFF33F857" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94:8ECB10F0910A021D1A49F8ABFF33F857" country="Nicaragua" latitude="6.0" longLatPrecision="42943" longitude="73.0" name="Carmen de Chucuri" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" stateProvince="Santander">Carmen de Chucurí</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2020EC910A021D189FF84EFF7CF857" box="[183,226,1946,1970]" degrees="6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" precision="55555" value="6.0">6°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2020EC910A021D18C5F84EFE81F857" box="[237,287,1946,1970]" degrees="73" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" precision="55555" value="73.0">73°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEBCE910A021D1902F84EFEF3F854" box="[298,365,1946,1970]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.01" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" unit="m" value="801.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0039A118910A021D1902F84EFEF3F854" box="[298,365,1946,1970]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.01" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" unit="m" value="801.0">801 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFAA60EB910A021D1950F84DFE7DF854" box="[376,483,1945,1969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="2018-02-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903910A021D1950F84DFE7DF854" box="[376,483,1945,1969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="2018-02-25">25.II.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D19C7F84EFD3CF854" box="[495,674,1946,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">C. Neita E. Torres</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D1AFCF84EFF59F829" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">M. I. Castro</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D18F8F861FE85F829" box="[208,283,1973,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Trampa</collectorName>
|
||
de luz UV;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE910A021D19A7F860FE7BF829" box="[399,485,1972,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">IAVH-E</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE50910A021D19C6F860FD07F829" box="[494,665,1972,1996]" collectionCode="IAVH-E-" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">IAVH-E-206089</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1A89F862FC99F82B" bold="true" box="[673,775,1974,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1A89F862FC99F82B" box="[673,775,1974,1998]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76910A021D18BCF81BFE2BF802" box="[148,437,1998,2026]" collectingDate="1962-09" collectionCode="MACN" country="Nicaragua" location="Rama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santander">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D18BCF81BFF2BF80F" box="[148,181,1999,2026]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8ECB10F0910A021D18EAF81BFF63F803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94:8ECB10F0910A021D18EAF81BFF63F803" box="[194,253,1999,2022]" country="Nicaragua" name="Rama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" stateProvince="Santander">Rama</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFAA60EB910A021D1920F81AFEC3F803" box="[264,349,1998,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="1962-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903910A021D1920F81AFEC3F803" box="[264,349,1998,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="1962-09">IX.1962</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE910A021D194EF81BFE2BF802" box="[358,437,1999,2023]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0910A021D1B05FF0CFBA8FE91" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05FF0CFBA8FE91" blockId="14.[811,1457,215,372]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910A021D1B05FF0CFC09FF0B" baselines="233,234" box="[813,919,216,239]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Recognized by the pale brown to yellowish coloration, with pterostigma, subapical region of femora, and humeral angles reddish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1BEDFED8FC63FEC0" box="[965,1021,268,293]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[137,1452,215,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-14@12.[132,1455,215,1839]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 2. — Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 species, habitus: A‒D, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915, male dorsal (A); male, lateral (B); female, dorsal (C); female, lateral (D); E‒F, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943,male holotype,MNHN;dorsal (E); lateral (F); G, H, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994,female paratype, USNM:dorsal (G); lateral (H); I‒L, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; male dorsal (I); male, lateral (J); female, dorsal (K); female, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
I-L); abdomen slender and narrowed basally, posteromedial process of pygophore elevated and angulated medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1B1AFE95FCE0FEBC" box="[818,894,321,345]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot & Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (A‒J): A, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (K‒Q): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and nearly vertical in lateral view with the apex slightly curved anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1BC8FE88FBB5FE91" box="[992,1067,348,372]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot & Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (A‒J): A, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (K‒Q): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0910A021D1B05FE41FB90FE19" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05FE41FB90FE19" blockId="14.[811,1456,404,508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910A021D1B05FE41FC24FE4E" baselines="422,423" box="[813,954,405,428]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1BC0FE40FBCBFE49" box="[1000,1109,404,428]" name="Guatemala" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1C48FE41FB53FE49" box="[1120,1229,404,429]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1CF0FE41FAB6FE49" box="[1240,1320,405,428]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1D76FE40FA2EFE49" box="[1374,1456,404,428]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D1B1DFE7BFC46FE22" author="CHAMPION G." box="[821,984,431,455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" refId="ref22513" refString="CHAMPION G. 1898. - Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, in GODMAN F. G. & SALVIN O. (eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Porter R. H., London, 416 p." type="book" year="1898">Champion 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D1BCCFE7BFB45FE22" author="MCATEE W. L. & MALLOCH J. R." box="[996,1243,431,455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" pagination="247 - 255" refId="ref23929" refString="MCATEE W. L. & MALLOCH J. R. 1923. - Notes on American Bactrodinae and Saicinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 16: 247 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 16.3.247" type="journal article" year="1923">McAtee & Malloch 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D1CC0FE7BFCC0FE07" author="MALDONADO CAPRILES J." pageId="14" pageNumber="825" refId="ref23898" refString="MALDONADO CAPRILES J. 1990. - Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the world (Insecta: Heteroptera). University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 694 p." type="book" year="1990">Maldonado Capriles 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D1B42FE1EFB97FE04" author="LUCAS M. & FORERO D. & BASSET Y." box="[874,1033,457,481]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" pagination="546 - 558" refId="ref23766" refString="LUCAS M., FORERO D. & BASSET Y. 2016. - Diversity and recent population trends of assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Insect Conservation and Diversity 6: 546 - 558. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / icad. 12191" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Lucas
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1B8EFE1EFC4DFE04" box="[934,979,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910A021D1C3CFE1EFB3CFE07" author="SWANSON D. R." box="[1044,1186,458,482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" pagination="973 - 981" refId="ref24549" refString="SWANSON D. R. 2020. - Saica erubescens (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Saicinae): First description of the female and a southward range extension. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 122: 973 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.122. 4.973" type="journal article" year="2020">Swanson 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). First records for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1D66FE1DFA31FE04" box="[1358,1455,457,481]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1B7EFE30FC27FE19" box="[854,953,484,508]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1BEEFE30FB9CFE19" box="[966,1026,484,508]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1082,1100]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Distributional map of Saica Amyot & Serville,1843 species. Saica apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943, S. cruentata Bergroth, 1913, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, S. fuscipes Stål, 1862, and S. lativentris Villiers, 1943. Empty circles, distributional information from examined material,circles with a dot,distributional information from the literature." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0910A021D1B05FDE3FB8CF8E9" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05FDE3FC49FDAA" blockId="14.[813,1254,567,656]" box="[813,983,567,593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910A021D1B05FDE3FC49FDAA" baselines="586,586" box="[813,983,567,593]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Redescription" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">REDESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05FD82FCFCFD95" blockId="14.[813,1254,567,656]" box="[813,866,598,624]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1B05FD82FCFCFD95" box="[813,866,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05FDA2FB78FD75" blockId="14.[813,1254,567,656]" box="[813,1254,630,656]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
Macropterous. Measurements in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6967390910A021D1CB8FDA2FB7DFD75" box="[1168,1251,630,656]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05FD61FB33FC2A" blockId="14.[810,1456,693,975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1B05FD61FC49FD34" bold="true" box="[813,983,693,721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
Coloration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1B85FD63FC49FD34" box="[941,983,695,721]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[137,1452,215,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-14@12.[132,1455,215,1839]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 2. — Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 species, habitus: A‒D, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915, male dorsal (A); male, lateral (B); female, dorsal (C); female, lateral (D); E‒F, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943,male holotype,MNHN;dorsal (E); lateral (F); G, H, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994,female paratype, USNM:dorsal (G); lateral (H); I‒L, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; male dorsal (I); male, lateral (J); female, dorsal (K); female, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig.</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2I-J). Head: Pale brown to yellowish.Antenna yellowish, pedicel with a pale brown medial band. First and second labial segments brown, third labial segment yellowish. Thorax: Pale brown to yellowish, pronotum laterally brown, spines yellowish. Procoxal cavity, procoxa, and protrochanter pale brown, profemur pale brown with apical portion reddish, protibia and protarsus yellowish; meso- and metalegs similar to proleg. Forewing yellowish with pterostigma reddish to pale brown. Abdomen: Pale brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05FC20FB45F9E8" blockId="14.[811,1457,1012,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1B05FC20FC04FBEB" bold="true" box="[813,922,1012,1038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Structure.</emphasis>
|
||
Thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1C28FC20FBD0FBEA" box="[1024,1102,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[137,1452,215,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-14@12.[132,1455,215,1839]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 2. — Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 species, habitus: A‒D, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915, male dorsal (A); male, lateral (B); female, dorsal (C); female, lateral (D); E‒F, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943,male holotype,MNHN;dorsal (E); lateral (F); G, H, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994,female paratype, USNM:dorsal (G); lateral (H); I‒L, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; male dorsal (I); male, lateral (J); female, dorsal (K); female, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
|
||
): Humeral angle spines three or more times longer than their base. Mesonotal spine straight, three times as long as or longer than its base. Protuberance of the scutellum with the apex and posterior region entire, the lateral margins not expanded in caudal view. Metanotal spine straight, nearly 0.2 times the length of mesonotal spine. Forewing with two closed cells, apex of outer discal cell variable in length. Abdomen: Abdominal tergite 2 conspicuously narrower than posterior segments. Genitalia: Anterior region of genital opening wide in dorsal view, posterior margin of pygophore flat. Posteromedial process of pygophore (mpp) elevated basally and angulated medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1CDEFA87FAD1FA8B" box="[1270,1359,1363,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot & Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (A‒J): A, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (K‒Q): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ramus nearly straight and projected laterally, almost three times longer than its base, apical region narrowed with a rounded and slightly projected apical process. Dorsal phallothecal sclerite (dps) nearly triangular, apex truncated, subapical lateral margin not laterally projected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1C53FA27FB51F9E8" box="[1147,1231,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1914,1932]" captionTargetBox="[147,1455,226,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@22.[132,1455,215,1832]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 6. — Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843, male and female genitalia, phallus, dorsal view (A‒G): A, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915; B, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; C, S. lativentris Villiers,1943; D, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); E, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; F, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; G, S. tupackatari n. sp.; bursa copulatrix ventral view (H‒M); H, S. apicalis; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; J, S. meridionalis Fracker & Bruner, 1924; K, S. recurvata; L, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; M, S. tibialis Stål, 1862. Abbreviations: apt, arms of articulatory apparatus; bc, bursa copulatrix; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallotecal sclerite; ese, elongate sclerites of endosome; gap8, gonapophysis 8; gcx8, gonocoxa 8; gpl, gonoplac." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05F9E6FC69F9A8" blockId="14.[813,1329,1586,1645]" box="[813,1015,1586,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1B05F9E6FCE8F9A9" box="[813,886,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1BACF9E6FC5CF9A8" box="[900,962,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[137,1452,215,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-14@12.[132,1455,215,1839]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 2. — Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 species, habitus: A‒D, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915, male dorsal (A); male, lateral (B); female, dorsal (C); female, lateral (D); E‒F, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943,male holotype,MNHN;dorsal (E); lateral (F); G, H, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994,female paratype, USNM:dorsal (G); lateral (H); I‒L, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; male dorsal (I); male, lateral (J); female, dorsal (K); female, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
K-L)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05F987FAAFF988" blockId="14.[813,1329,1586,1645]" box="[813,1329,1618,1645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Macropterous. Similar to male in most respects.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05F946FB8CF8E9" blockId="14.[813,1456,1682,1804]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1B05F946FC04F949" bold="true" box="[813,922,1682,1708]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Structure.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen: Posterolateral angles of tergite 7 with a pair of acute processes Genitalia: Tergite 9 nearly oval. Apex of the gonoplac with a blunt process, and the external margins sinuate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910A021D1B92F926FB98F8E9" box="[954,1030,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1914,1932]" captionTargetBox="[147,1455,226,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@22.[132,1455,215,1832]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 6. — Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843, male and female genitalia, phallus, dorsal view (A‒G): A, S. apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915; B, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; C, S. lativentris Villiers,1943; D, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); E, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; F, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; G, S. tupackatari n. sp.; bursa copulatrix ventral view (H‒M); H, S. apicalis; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; J, S. meridionalis Fracker & Bruner, 1924; K, S. recurvata; L, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; M, S. tibialis Stål, 1862. Abbreviations: apt, arms of articulatory apparatus; bc, bursa copulatrix; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallotecal sclerite; ese, elongate sclerites of endosome; gap8, gonapophysis 8; gcx8, gonocoxa 8; gpl, gonoplac." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0910A021C1B05F8E6FE38FE94" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="826" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D1B05F8E6FC0FF8AF" blockId="14.[811,1455,1842,2028]" box="[813,913,1842,1868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910A021D1B05F8E6FC0FF8AF" baselines="1861,1861" box="[813,913,1842,1868]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021C1B05F886FE38FE94" blockId="14.[811,1455,1842,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[131,776,215,369]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="826" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910A021D1B05F886FC4CF88E" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[813,978,1873,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1B05F886FC4CF88E" box="[813,978,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Saica erubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a unique coloration pattern as it is the paler species of the genus. The acute processes on the posterolateral angles of the abdominal segment
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEBCE910A021D1CF4F846FA99F84E" box="[1244,1287,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
the females is a characteristic shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910A021D1C12F865FB4FF82E" authorityName="Fracker & Bruner" authorityYear="1924" box="[1082,1233,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1C12F865FB4FF82E" box="[1082,1233,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">S. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910A021D1D2EF865FA1BF82E" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[1286,1413,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1D2EF865FA1BF82E" box="[1286,1413,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">S. erubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily recognized by the entirely yellowish to pale brown coloration and the usually narrow basal abdominal region. The particular structure of the gonoplac, with a blunt process on the apex, is a character shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910B021C1A07FEC3FD0CFED4" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[559,658,279,305]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="826" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609A39910B021C1A07FEC3FD0CFED4" box="[559,658,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="826">S. tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these latter species is considerably different by its color pattern, reddish with whitish areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |