298 lines
34 KiB
XML
298 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="10FD5FBED27369B0BE177B8255B7AD2C" ID-CLB-Dataset="51565" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="feeced25-b2a6-446d-9b38-a2289465a178" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="262655" ID-ZooBank="EA66CAE5-F6CE-44BA-A5FF-67F2BEE6DEE8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458294474638" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anderson, Owen F." docDate="2016" docId="03A4AB67FFFAFF94FF1DFE25FB1666F1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4092.4.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4092 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kamptosoma asterias A. Agassiz 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="478" masterDocId="FF9DD31FFFE3FF8FFF8AFF94FFBD672D" masterDocTitle="A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida) — excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae — with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="476" updateTime="1698187963890" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="A94298CB95695E1E0738C2C222CB64E7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2C3D2C03C1E3555E9EBE6C49A0840324">
|
||
<mods:title id="55C3EBA27000C0B8D7478E45404B130B">A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida) — excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae — with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="8D873B2EE344581EF422DF103BEDD82B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="47E954CF0A67CF919B502972D247732A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="97768AF46810A2A49B3124517BF2B326">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="40600581466E62C8D0D0902DEE68E87C">Anderson, Owen F.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="B090522CAACA2738E11899294B872406">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="3830BFD1398BF7AAC451E0940A60EBFF" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BFBDE4CF1E504D36D8C23D11FDAE9628">
|
||
<mods:title id="0204E0C817030EF94E4E34E75B7B24CE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="019EE245F421C27242637220D0BBBADC">
|
||
<mods:date id="0AC739293B8901A6D0A7F4657AE67913">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="13AEC6ED1E95AB7CB21B90D518DBDD0A" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="B68FEE039F52ACE8C1B46439E3A288A4">4092</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="523C39F1940EB3CEE2A9385B46BEAF01" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="16E3D9FB339E96BC51DF81601F35423E">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="E638B05AF812BEDB613B845C3F826364" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F750286DF0AF6BC1F8D76C9DB609846B">451</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="1FD33E660F693AFDFF44914CBACE223E">488</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="7D552340993EF783F75FF16A387FFB06">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FAF6B027A4205756B774F8469C1B2B3F" type="CLB-Dataset">51565</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D8A16C877858F81F1AA1F0F3F5B8AA63" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EA864266BE889D80F2BA2B607C3D3612" type="GBIF-Dataset">feeced25-b2a6-446d-9b38-a2289465a178</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C0A51CE09EBB6E544E24BA0C3513D920" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="478794C05829B0345A61DB89D815E1E1" type="Zenodo-Dep">262655</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BC7E7FA1649E4AF0C94D973607594997" type="ZooBank">EA66CAE5-F6CE-44BA-A5FF-67F2BEE6DEE8</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03A4AB67FFFAFF94FF1DFE25FB1666F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055460" ID-GBIF-Taxon="117939313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4AB67FFFAFF94FF1DFE25FB1666F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4AB67FFFAFF94FF1DFE25FB1666F1" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31749FAFFFAFF96FF1DFE25FEF666C0" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFFAFF96FF1DFE25FDC366E6" blockId="25.[151,638,433,493]" box="[151,638,433,459]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<heading id="D0FAAD1DFFFAFF96FF1DFE25FDC366E6" bold="true" box="[151,638,433,459]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFFAFF96FF1DFE25FDC366E6" ID-CoL="3R229" authority="A. Agassiz, 1881" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,638,433,459]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF1DFE25FDC366E6" bold="true" box="[151,638,433,459]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF1DFE25FE2566E6" bold="true" box="[151,408,433,459]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Kamptosoma asterias</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Agassiz, 1881)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFFAFF96FF1DFE40FEF666C0" blockId="25.[151,638,433,493]" box="[151,331,468,493]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF1DFE40FF1D66C0" bold="true" box="[151,160,468,493]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">(</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="133606F4FFFAFF96FF2AFE40FEFF66C0" box="[160,322,468,493]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 22" captionStart-1="FIGURE 23" captionStart-2="FIGURE 24" captionStart-3="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="25.[151,250,1866,1888]" captionStartId-1="26.[151,250,1082,1104]" captionStartId-2="27.[151,250,1662,1684]" captionStartId-3="28.[151,250,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1193,1844]" captionTargetBox-1="[339,1248,176,1060]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1386,526,1661]" captionTargetBox-3="[219,1375,189,1260]" captionTargetId-0="figure@25.[151,1436,1193,1845]" captionTargetId-1="figure@26.[339,1248,163,1061]" captionTargetId-2="figure@27.[151,1436,526,1679]" captionTargetId-3="figure@28.[151,1436,139,1279]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionTargetPageId-2="27" captionTargetPageId-3="28" captionText-0="FIGURE 22. Kamptosoma asterias, NIWA 45132. (75 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 23. Kamptosoma asterias. In situ image taken by a deep towed-camera system (DTIS) from R. V. Tangaroa, in 3543 m at 67 ° 37.1´S, 178 ° 49.4´W near the Scott seamounts, Antarctica." captionText-2="FIGURE 24. Kamptosoma asterias, NIWA 45130. A – D, heads and valves of tridentate pedicellariae; E – F, valves of triphyllous pedicellariae; G, valve of globiferous (claviform) pedicellaria." captionText-3="FIGURE 25. Kamptosoma asterias. Distribution of confirmed records in New Zealand and southeast Australia, from material examined. Number of records = 6." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/262677/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/262678/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/262679/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/262680/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Figures 22–25</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31749FAFFFAFF96FF1DFD88FF4C6420" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFFAFF96FF1DFD88FCE56519" blockId="25.[151,1437,540,1141]" box="[151,856,540,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF1DFD88FE3D6518" bold="true" box="[151,384,540,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFFAFF96FE0DFD88FDA26518" box="[391,543,540,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="generic">97 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from 6 records (all NIWA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFFAFF96FF4DFDABFF4C6420" blockId="25.[151,1437,540,1141]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF4DFDABFECD6575" bold="true" box="[199,368,575,600]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Tasman Basin</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFFAFF96FE0AFDD4FDB16575" box="[384,524,575,600]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FD97FDD4FDD3657A" box="[541,622,576,600]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="71.0">71 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), 41° 37 S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FCA2FDABFC1B657A" box="[808,934,575,600]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="925" value="165.18333">165° 11´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FC3EFDD4FBB1657A" box="[948,1036,576,600]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.439" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="4439.0">4439 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA45130;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFFAFF96FB33FDD4FA876575" box="[1209,1338,575,600]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FAC0FDABFA21657A" box="[1354,1436,575,600]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), 41°
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FE89FDF0FEF06551" box="[259,333,612,636]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="5555" value="-39.1">39.1 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FED0FDF0FE516551" box="[346,492,612,637]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="165.22667">165° 13.6´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FE72FDF0FDED6551" box="[504,592,612,637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.404999999999999" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="4405.0">4405 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA45132;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFFAFF96FD71FDF0FC386550" box="[763,901,612,637]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(52, 47 mm TD), 35°
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FB0EFDF0FB706551" box="[1156,1229,612,636]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="5555" value="-29.7">29.7 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FB50FDF0FAEA6551" box="[1242,1367,612,637]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="925" value="157.46666">157° 28´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FAEEFDF0FF1265B2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="4570.0">4570 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA45133;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFFAFF96FED0FD1CFE58658D" box="[346,485,647,672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(28, 45, 47, 54, 54, 54,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FD7CFD13FCFB65B2" box="[758,838,647,672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), 35°
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FC33FD1CFBBE658D" box="[953,1027,648,672]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="5555" value="-33.2">33.2 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FB9AFD13FB2965B2" box="[1040,1172,647,672]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="159.09666">159° 5.8´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FB2BFD1CFB4465B2" box="[1185,1273,648,672]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.744" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="4744.0">4744 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA45030;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFFAFF96FF1DFD38FE9265E8" box="[151,303,684,709]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="generic">79 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(37, 38, 38, 41, 41, 43, 43, 44, 45, 45,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FD55FD38FC9065E9" box="[735,813,684,709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), 36°
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FC14FD38FC5A65E9" box="[926,999,684,709]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="5555" value="-55.7">55.7 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FC79FD38FB3965E9" box="[1011,1156,684,709]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="159.525">159° 31.5´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FB05FD38FB5865E9" box="[1167,1253,684,709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.954" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="4954.0">4954 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA45135;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFFAFF96FA04FD38FEB165C5" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(50, 50,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FEFEFD5BFE7965CA" box="[372,452,719,744]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), 37°
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FDB3FD44FD3E65C5" box="[569,643,720,744]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="5555" value="-39.7">39.7 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFFAFF96FD1BFD5BFC9865CA" box="[657,805,719,744]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="162.25833">162° 15.5´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FCBBFD44FC3465CA" box="[817,905,720,744]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.077" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="4077.0">4077 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA45131. Unless stated, all stored in 80% ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31749FAFFFAFF96FF4DFC83FF796479" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFFAFF96FF4DFC83FF796479" blockId="25.[151,1437,540,1141]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF4DFC83FEF6641D" bold="true" box="[199,331,791,816]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Size range.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFFAFF96FEF5FC83FDA5641D" box="[383,536,791,816]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
measured range in size from
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FCE6FC8CFC016402" box="[876,956,792,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FC68FC83FB8E6402" box="[994,1075,791,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD, with an average of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFFAFF96FAC6FC8CFA206402" box="[1356,1437,792,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31749FAFFFAFF94FF4DFCCBFB1666F1" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFFAFF96FF4DFCCBFB146358" blockId="25.[151,1437,540,1141]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF4DFCCBFE866455" bold="true" box="[199,315,863,888]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is distinctive due to the presence of five enlarged plates on the peristome similar to the buccal plates of acroechinoids, the lack of buccal sacs, series of large crenulate tubercles in the adambital oral interambulacra, and reduction of the secondary plates along with their exclusion from the edges of the ambulacraeven close to the apical system. The ocular plates are also unusual; long and narrow, they extend the apical system down into the corona in a way more usually exhibited by the genital plates of many other echinothurioid genera, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFFAFF96FE84FB80FE306306" box="[270,397,1044,1067]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FE84FB80FE306306" box="[270,397,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The test is very thin and delicate—with a faint red colouration visible in places, as noted in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF4BFBA3FE82637D" box="[193,319,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Challenger</emphasis>
|
||
specimens examined by Mortensen (1935), and clearly seen in the living animal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133606F4FFFAFF96FB69FBA3FAE8637D" box="[1251,1365,1079,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[339,1248,176,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[339,1248,163,1061]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 23. Kamptosoma asterias. In situ image taken by a deep towed-camera system (DTIS) from R. V. Tangaroa, in 3543 m at 67 ° 37.1´S, 178 ° 49.4´W near the Scott seamounts, Antarctica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262678/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral primary spines are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFFAFF96FDB4FBC8FD6E6358" box="[574,723,1116,1141]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FDB4FBC8FD6E6358" box="[574,723,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Phormosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. skin-clad, rather than bearing a hoof.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF724AF9FFFAFF96FF1DF8DEFB38604D" box="[151,1157,1866,1888]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262677/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" targetBox="[151,1436,1193,1844]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFFAFF96FF1DF8DEFB38604D" blockId="25.[151,1157,1866,1888]" box="[151,1157,1866,1888]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FF1DF8DEFE9D6072" bold="true" box="[151,288,1866,1888]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFFAFF96FEAFF8DFFDBC604D" box="[293,513,1867,1888]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFFAFF96FEAFF8DFFDBC604D" box="[293,513,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Kamptosoma asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NIWA45132. (75 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF724AF9FFF9FF95FF1DFBAEFCEF6342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262678/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" targetBox="[339,1248,176,1060]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFF9FF95FF1DFBAEFCEF6342" blockId="26.[151,1436,1082,1135]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FF1DFBAEFE9D6362" bold="true" box="[151,288,1082,1104]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FEACFBAFFDBE637D" box="[294,515,1083,1104]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FEACFBAFFDBE637D" box="[294,515,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Kamptosoma asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In situ image taken by a deep towed-camera system (DTIS) from R.V.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FB6BFBAFFAFF637D" box="[1249,1346,1083,1104]" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" genus="Tangaroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FB6BFBAFFAFF637D" box="[1249,1346,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Tangaroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in 3543 m at 67° 37.1´S, 178° 49.4´W near the Scott seamounts, Antarctica.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFF9FF95FF4DFB22FC056273" blockId="26.[151,1436,1205,1842]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
A second species in the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FDA2FB22FCE863E3" authority="Mironov 1971" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1971" box="[552,853,1205,1230]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FDA2FB22FD1463E3" box="[552,681,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
Mironov 1971
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FBB4FB22FB0563E0" box="[1086,1208,1206,1229]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FBB4FB22FB0563E0" box="[1086,1208,1206,1229]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on characters of the globiferous pedicellariae, is taken here to be synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FC44FB4EFBF163DC" box="[974,1100,1242,1265]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FC44FB4EFBF163DC" box="[974,1100,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FA9DFB4EFA2163DF" box="[1303,1436,1241,1266]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FA9DFB4EFA2163DF" box="[1303,1436,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains uncertain as the number of valves in these pedicellariae (two in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FC45FB6AFBEC623B" box="[975,1105,1277,1302]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FC45FB6AFBEC623B" box="[975,1105,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, three in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FB34FB6AFA846238" box="[1214,1337,1278,1301]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FB34FB6AFA846238" box="[1214,1337,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has not been clearly determined for all the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFF9FF95FD95FAB6FDF26217" box="[543,591,1314,1338]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FD7BFAB6FCD66214" box="[753,875,1314,1337]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FD7BFAB6FCD66214" box="[753,875,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this difference is the sole character by which the two species can be distinguished (Mooi
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FD0BFAD2FD046273" box="[641,697,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004, Mironov 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFF9FF95FF4DFAFDFE356177" blockId="26.[151,1436,1205,1842]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
Three kinds of pedicellariae are present in this genus: globiferous (considered by Mironov (2015) to be better described as claviform due to their rudimentary, non-functional valves), tridentate, and triphyllous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133606F4FFF9FF95FA90FA19FA2D628B" box="[1306,1424,1421,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1662,1684]" captionTargetBox="[162,1386,526,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,526,1679]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 24. Kamptosoma asterias, NIWA 45130. A – D, heads and valves of tridentate pedicellariae; E – F, valves of triphyllous pedicellariae; G, valve of globiferous (claviform) pedicellaria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262679/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicellariae were extracted from several of the Tasman Basin specimens. Tridentate and triphyllous forms were found to be abundant over the test, as noted also for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FD6FFA42FBD862C3" authority="Mironov et al. 2015" authorityName="Mironov et al." authorityYear="2015" box="[741,1125,1493,1518]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FD6FFA42FCDA62C3" box="[741,871,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
(Mironov
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FC6BFA42FBA762C3" box="[993,1050,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially on the oral side. Bidentate pedicellariae, observed in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FCA6FA6EFC0F613F" box="[812,946,1529,1554]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FCA6FA6EFC0F613F" box="[812,946,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were not found. Claviform (globiferous) pedicellariae were readily found, but not common; they have 2 valves as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FBE9F98AFB59611B" box="[1123,1252,1565,1590]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FBE9F98AFB59611B" box="[1123,1252,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mironov 1971, Mironov
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FE8AF9D6FE856177" box="[256,312,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFF9FF95FF4DF9F1FD3B601C" blockId="26.[151,1436,1205,1842]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
The presence of the buccal-like peristomial plates, crenulated tubercles, and other unusual characters of the test plates have led to doubts about the place of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FD32F91EFCF1618C" box="[696,844,1674,1697]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FD32F91EFCF1618C" box="[696,844,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Kamptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FC70F91DFB0C618F" box="[1018,1201,1673,1698]" class="Echinoidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Echinothurioida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with some authors suggesting a closer relationship with the diadematoids (e.g Fell 1966). But others (e.g. Mironov 1972) and recent phylogenetic analyses based on morphological features show it to be a true echinothurioid in a separate family most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FE2AF961FD886023" box="[416,565,1781,1806]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FE2AF961FD886023" box="[416,565,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Phormosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FDCFF961FCB26023" box="[581,783,1781,1806]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Paraphormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FDCFF961FCB26023" box="[581,783,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Paraphormosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF9FF95FCDAF961FBA26023" box="[848,1055,1781,1806]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Hemiphormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF9FF95FCDAF961FBA26023" box="[848,1055,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Hemiphormosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mooi et al 2004), or basal to all other echinothurioids (Kroh & Smith 2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFF8FF94FF4DFF03FB1666F1" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,477]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF8FF94FF4DFF03FEE4679D" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
This is the deepest-living of all the known echinothurioids; the six new records were all from
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFF8FF94FF1DFF2DFE8867FC" box="[151,309,185,210]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5155" metricValueMax="4.954" metricValueMin="4.077" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="4515.5" valueMax="4954.0" valueMin="4077.0">4077–4954 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Tasman Basin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133606F4FFF8FF94FDB5FF2DFD0E67FF" box="[575,691,185,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[219,1375,189,1260]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,139,1279]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 25. Kamptosoma asterias. Distribution of confirmed records in New Zealand and southeast Australia, from material examined. Number of records = 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262680/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Figure 25</figureCitation>
|
||
), collected with either an epibenthic sled or a Menzies trawl. A further (unconfirmed) record is available from a photograph taken of the seafloor near the Scott seamounts,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A5AE1FFF8FF94FF1DFF68FEB26638" box="[151,271,252,277]" name="Antarctica" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at a latitude of about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFF8FF94FDA8FF68FDC76639" box="[546,634,252,277]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" precision="5555" value="-67.6">67.6° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133606F4FFF8FF94FD06FF68FCBE6639" box="[652,771,252,277]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[339,1248,176,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[339,1248,163,1061]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 23. Kamptosoma asterias. In situ image taken by a deep towed-camera system (DTIS) from R. V. Tangaroa, in 3543 m at 67 ° 37.1´S, 178 ° 49.4´W near the Scott seamounts, Antarctica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262678/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Figure 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are only two physical records reported from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A5AE1FFF8FF94FF1DFE89FF42661B" box="[151,255,285,310]" name="Antarctica" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
region, collected by the
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF8FF94FD92FE8AFD67661B" box="[536,730,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Marion Dufresne</emphasis>
|
||
expedition of 1974 (De Ridder
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF8FF94FBCFFE8AFBC2661B" box="[1093,1151,285,310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992, David
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF8FF94FA90FE8AFAEE661B" box="[1306,1363,285,310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005) and cruise PS-61 of the R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF8FF94FE6CFEAAFDE3667A" box="[486,606,318,343]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Polarstern</emphasis>
|
||
in 2002 (Mooi
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF8FF94FC9DFEABFCEF667A" box="[791,850,318,343]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004). These records (from about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFF8FF94FB6EFEAAFA8A667A" box="[1252,1335,318,343]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" precision="5555" value="-55.8">55.8° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
near the Kerguelan and Crozet Islands, and about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE397CB6FFF8FF94FD06FECBFD586655" box="[652,741,351,376]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" precision="5555" value="-65.3">65.3° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in the western Weddell Sea, respectively) along with the photographic record, confirm the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFF8FF94FD16FE16FCAB66B4" box="[668,790,386,409]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFF8FF94FD16FE16FCAB66B4" box="[668,790,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A5AE1FFF8FF94FCB6FE15FC0966B7" box="[828,948,385,410]" name="Antarctica" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and this is the only echinothurioid to have been recorded in the region. Other records of the species are from the central Pacific Ocean, the Tasman Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A5AE1FFF8FF94FAD3FE36FA256696" box="[1369,1432,418,443]" name="Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the southern Indian Ocean (Agassiz 1881, Mironov 1971, Schulz 2011) in
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFF8FF94FB83FE50FB1A66F1" box="[1033,1191,452,477]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0625" metricValueMax="6.235" metricValueMin="3.8899999999999997" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="5062.5" valueMax="6235.0" valueMin="3890.0">3890–6235 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |