230 lines
23 KiB
XML
230 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="46BCAAF4C410926A229F646264D02468">
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<mods:title id="741AAD7C03BA0273EB7C62833BB5C97B">A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida) — excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae — with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F958E84F11D301F685FBFBF01C436AD">Anderson, Owen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BAD2C5CB9CC6367C3B1FB97D9574BB87">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E5228D3B3E4410C269340AA55884EF99">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E0DDDB1BC931164292E4B3558E053C6F">4092</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A4AB67FFC2FFADFF1DFCCEFB486649" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055470" ID-GBIF-Taxon="117939338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4AB67FFC2FFADFF1DFCCEFB486649" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4AB67FFC2FFADFF1DFCCEFB486649" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<subSubSection id="C31749FAFFC2FFAEFF1DFCCEFDCE6459" box="[151,627,858,884]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFC2FFAEFF1DFCCEFDCE6459" blockId="33.[151,627,858,884]" box="[151,627,858,884]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<heading id="D0FAAD1DFFC2FFAEFF1DFCCEFDCE6459" bold="true" box="[151,627,858,884]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFF1DFCCEFDCE6459" ID-CoL="4GRP2" authority="A. Agassiz, 1881" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,627,858,884]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigidum">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFF1DFCCEFDCE6459" bold="true" box="[151,627,858,884]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFF1DFCCEFE1D6459" bold="true" box="[151,416,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Phormosoma rigidum</emphasis>
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A. Agassiz, 1881
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31749FAFFC2FFAEFF1DFC35FE716494" box="[151,460,929,954]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFC2FFAEFF1DFC35FE716494" blockId="33.[151,1437,929,2034]" box="[151,460,929,954]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFF1DFC35FE3D6497" bold="true" box="[151,384,929,954]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Material examined.</emphasis>
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None.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31749FAFFC2FFADFF4DFC51FB486649" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFC2FFAEFF4DFC51FC5C6268" blockId="33.[151,1437,929,2034]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFF4DFC51FE8664F3" bold="true" box="[199,315,965,990]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species is included here because the two known specimens, the
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<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFC2FFAEFBF0FC52FB1764F3" box="[1146,1194,966,990]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
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material now in the collection of the British Museum of Natural History, were trawled from a single station in
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<quantity id="4CF5B794FFC2FFAEFB5FFC7DFA92632C" box="[1237,1327,1001,1026]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="m" value="1260.0">1260 m</quantity>
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off New Zealand’s East Cape during the
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFD83FB99FD3A630B" box="[521,647,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Challenger</emphasis>
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expedition of the mid-
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<date id="FFB33CB1FFC2FFAEFC1FFB99FC70630B" box="[917,973,1037,1062]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" value="1870">1870</date>
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s (Station 169). According to Mortensen (1935) these were split by Alexander Agassiz, one being lodged in the British Museum and described as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFAA2FBA6FA216367" box="[1320,1436,1073,1098]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigidum">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFAA2FBA6FA216367" box="[1320,1436,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. rigidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the other taken by him to the
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<collectingCountry id="F31A5AE1FFC2FFAEFD9FFBC1FD116343" box="[533,684,1109,1134]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">United States</collectingCountry>
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where, forgetfully, he re-described it 23 years later as
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFA9EFBC2FA256340" box="[1300,1432,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. z e l a nd i ae</emphasis>
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A. Agassiz
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<date id="FFB33CB1FFC2FFAEFE93FBEEFEE963BF" box="[281,340,1146,1170]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" value="1904">1904</date>
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. Having synonymized these species, putting the slight differences in the gill slits and spines down to the difference in size between the specimens, Mortensen (1935) remained unsure of even the genus. Only fragments of spines were preserved and no pedicellariae at all, and Koehler (
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<date id="FFB33CB1FFC2FFAEFC71FB55FB8863F7" box="[1019,1077,1217,1242]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" value="1926">1926</date>
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) considered it may have been a small
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFF51FB71FE6963D3" box="[219,468,1253,1278]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Tromikosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australe">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFF51FB71FE6963D3" box="[219,468,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Tromikosoma australe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as it was near to the
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<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFC2FFAEFD43FB72FD4463D3" box="[713,761,1254,1278]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
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locality of that species (although he was mistaken, it was in fact over
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<quantity id="4CF5B794FFC2FFAEFE8CFA9DFED0620F" box="[262,365,1289,1314]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="km" value="4500.0">4500 km</quantity>
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away). In any case Mortensen (1935) recommended awaiting further material from the
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<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFC2FFAEFAE6FA9EFA21620F" box="[1388,1436,1290,1314]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
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locality to help confirm their identity, and perhaps now that time has come.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFC2FFAEFF4DFAC5FC596013" blockId="33.[151,1437,929,2034]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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The essential differences between
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFDDCFAC6FD736247" box="[598,718,1361,1386]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigidum">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFDDCFAC6FD736247" box="[598,718,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. rigidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFC86FAC6FC266244" box="[780,923,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. b ur s ar i um</emphasis>
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are in the aboral tube feet and pores. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFA0DFAC6FF5262A3" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigidum">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFA0DFAC6FF5262A3" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. rigidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the pores and tube feet of the primary plate and outer secondary plate are not fully developed and the poriferous zone has the appearance of a single column of tube feet, consisting of the well-developed tube feet on the inner secondary plate. After examining specimens of
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<collectingCountry id="F31A5AE1FFC2FFAEFCACFA2AFC0362FB" box="[806,958,1469,1494]" name="New Zealand" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFC4DFA29FBE162FB" box="[967,1116,1469,1494]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFC4DFA29FBE162FB" box="[967,1116,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Phormosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from well over 100 lots, from a wide variety of localities including some near the
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<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFC2FFAEFCC1FA76FCC662D7" box="[843,891,1506,1530]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality of
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||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFC70FA76FBD662D4" box="[1018,1131,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. r i g i du m</emphasis>
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, and from a depth range of
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<quantity id="4CF5B794FFC2FFAEFF1DF992FF626130" box="[151,223,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
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to
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<quantity id="4CF5B794FFC2FFAEFE8EF991FEE16130" box="[260,348,1541,1566]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="m" value="2500.0">
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<date id="FFB33CB1FFC2FFAEFE8EF991FE816133" box="[260,316,1541,1566]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" value="2500">2500</date>
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m
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</quantity>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D0BD1F8FFC2FFAEFEE3F991FE496133" box="[361,500,1541,1566]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
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were distinguished which appeared to exhibit this feature to varying degrees. This little collection comprised almost all of the smallest specimens examined (less than about
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<quantity id="4CF5B794FFC2FFAEFB17F9BDFB53616C" box="[1181,1262,1577,1602]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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TD), matching roughly the size of the
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<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFC2FFAEFE12F9DAFE75614B" box="[408,456,1614,1638]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
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||
specimens of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFDE3F9DAFD60614B" box="[617,733,1613,1638]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigidum">
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||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFDE3F9DAFD60614B" box="[617,733,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. rigidum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and the closest being within
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||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFC2FFAEFBA0F9DAFBC2614B" box="[1066,1151,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
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||
or so of the
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<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFC2FFAEFA86F9DAFA81614B" box="[1292,1340,1614,1638]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality. However, a comparison of genetic material (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, CO1) between five of these specimens and four specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFD90F902FD106183" box="[538,685,1685,1710]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bursarium">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFD90F902FD106183" box="[538,685,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. bursarium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showed identical sequences (author’s unpublished data). It seems unlikely now that
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFEE8F92EFE6E61FC" box="[354,467,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. r i g i du m</emphasis>
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||
(or
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFD8CF92EFD3061FF" box="[518,653,1721,1746]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="zelandiae">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFD8CF92EFD3061FF" box="[518,653,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. zelandiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are valid species, especially given the intensity of sampling of deepsea benthic habitat around
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<collectingCountry id="F31A5AE1FFC2FFAEFE4BF94AFDEA61DB" box="[449,599,1757,1782]" name="New Zealand" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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in the 130 years since the
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFCF4F949FC4161DB" box="[894,1020,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Challenger</emphasis>
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’s visit. Although it seems doubtful if examination of the
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<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFC2FFAEFEF6F896FE116037" box="[380,428,1794,1818]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
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||
specimens of
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFDD3F896FD706034" box="[601,717,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. r i gi d um</emphasis>
|
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would resolve their identity, given their small size, age, and previous confusion surrounding their provenance, this should be attempted.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFC2FFAEFF4DF8DDFDA360DF" blockId="33.[151,1437,929,2034]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
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The depth of the
|
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<typeStatus id="54B6A4D3FFC2FFAEFE07F8DEFE00604F" box="[397,445,1866,1890]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFDC8F8DEFD04604F" box="[578,697,1865,1890]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigidum">
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<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFDC8F8DEFD04604F" box="[578,697,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. rigidum</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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may be significant;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFC2FFAEFC2EF8DDFC47604C" box="[932,1018,1865,1890]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="m" value="1260.0">1260 m</quantity>
|
||
being at the very deepest end of the range for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFE8EF8FAFE2E60AB" box="[260,403,1901,1926]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bursarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFE8EF8FAFE2E60AB" box="[260,403,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">P. bursarium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, deeper than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFDA0F8FAFCA660AB" box="[554,795,1901,1926]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Sperosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFDA0F8FAFCA660AB" box="[554,795,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Sperosoma obscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and shallower than most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFBCBF8FAFB1460AB" box="[1089,1193,1901,1926]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Sperosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nudum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFBCBF8FAFB1460AB" box="[1089,1193,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">S. nudum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFA88F8FAFAC760AB" box="[1282,1402,1901,1926]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Tromikosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFA88F8FAFAC760AB" box="[1282,1402,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">T. australe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFA0DF8FAFF446084" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Tromikosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFA0DF8FAFF446084" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">T. rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFEC9F806FE7E6084" box="[323,451,1938,1961]" class="Echinoidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFEC9F806FE7E6084" box="[323,451,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only species outside of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFCD4F805FBAC6087" box="[862,1041,1937,1962]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Echinothuriinae">Echinothuriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is common in this depth is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC2FFAEFF1DF822FE2160E3" box="[151,412,1973,1998]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hygrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luculentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC2FFAEFF1DF822FE2160E3" box="[151,412,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Hygrosoma luculentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which can be easily distinguished from all these species, even in small specimens, by the shape of the distal end of the teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFC1FFADFF4DFF03FD6C6631" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">
|
||
The species has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A5AE1FFC1FFADFDECFF03FD70679D" box="[614,717,151,176]" name="Australia" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC1FFADFD68FF0CFDCF67F9" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">
|
||
Off Danger Point to off Sydney NSW, off Lord Howe Is; west Pacific Ocean. Depth range
|
||
<quantity id="4CF5B794FFC1FFADFE6CFF28FDCF67F9" box="[486,626,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.885" metricValueMax="12.6" metricValueMin="1.17" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" unit="m" value="688.5" valueMax="1260.0" valueMin="117.0">
|
||
117–
|
||
<date id="FFB33CB1FFC1FFADFD94FF28FDE967F8" box="[542,596,188,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" value="1260">1260</date>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” (Rowe & Gates 1995: p 285) without referring to any specimens or specific records—but there were several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC1FFADFC87FF75FC3267D5" box="[781,911,225,248]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hygrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC1FFADFC87FF75FC3267D5" box="[781,911,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Hygrosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in Museum Victoria mis-identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC1FFADFA0DFF75FF526630" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC1FFADFA0DFF75FF526630" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">P. rigidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so maybe this is what is being referred to.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB21A71FFC1FFADFF4DFEBCFB486649" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">
|
||
In the end, the unresolved investigations into this species may have been best summed by Mortensen’s (
|
||
<date id="FFB33CB1FFC1FFADFAD6FEB3FA24666D" box="[1372,1433,295,320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" value="1935">1935</date>
|
||
: p 148) comment on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D61F2FFC1FFADFEF2FED9FD346648" authority="Altogether" authorityName="Altogether" box="[376,649,332,357]" class="Echinoidea" family="Phormosomatidae" genus="Phormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="zelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC1FFADFEF2FED9FE426648" box="[376,511,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">P. zelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B979C663FFC1FFADFD99FED8FD346648" box="[531,649,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Altogether</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
too much ado about a young unidentifiable specimen”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |