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<treatment id="03A43D516F18FFCFFDFFFF10EA01D9A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A43D516F18FFCFFDFFFF10EA01D9A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A43D516F18FFCFFDFFFF10EA01D9A0" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFDFFFF10ED44DDF9" ID-CoL="5VNY6" authority="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[561,1026,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
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Herrich-Schaeffer
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<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFD6CFF3DEA55DD9A" box="[674,787,186,210]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-10="FIGURE 11" captionStart-11="FIGURE 12" captionStart-12="FIGURE 13" captionStart-13="FIGURE 14" captionStart-14="FIGURE 15" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="32.[151,244,1889,1910]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,244,1880,1901]" captionStartId-10="42.[151,244,1893,1914]" captionStartId-11="43.[151,244,1126,1147]" captionStartId-12="43.[151,244,1951,1972]" captionStartId-13="44.[151,244,1844,1865]" captionStartId-14="45.[151,244,1846,1867]" captionStartId-2="34.[151,244,1878,1899]" captionStartId-3="35.[151,244,1878,1899]" captionStartId-4="36.[151,244,1856,1877]" captionStartId-5="37.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionStartId-6="38.[151,244,1893,1914]" captionStartId-7="39.[151,244,1114,1135]" captionStartId-8="40.[151,244,1110,1131]" captionStartId-9="41.[151,244,1834,1855]" captionTargetBox-0="[211,1379,155,1873]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1377,151,1869]" captionTargetBox-10="[209,1377,153,1871]" captionTargetBox-11="[151,1436,155,1102]" captionTargetBox-12="[184,1390,1281,1925]" captionTargetBox-13="[226,1360,155,1823]" captionTargetBox-14="[226,1360,157,1825]" captionTargetBox-2="[209,1377,151,1867]" captionTargetBox-3="[209,1377,151,1865]" captionTargetBox-4="[218,1369,151,1837]" captionTargetBox-5="[209,1377,151,1869]" captionTargetBox-6="[209,1377,153,1871]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,153,1093]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1436,155,1088]" captionTargetBox-9="[226,1360,151,1813]" captionTargetId-0="figure-119@32.[211,1380,155,1873]" captionTargetId-1="figure-143@33.[209,1378,151,1869]" captionTargetId-10="figure-123@42.[209,1378,153,1871]" captionTargetId-11="figure-171@43.[151,1436,155,1104]" captionTargetId-12="figure-174@43.[151,1436,1239,1951]" captionTargetId-13="figure-170@44.[226,1360,155,1823]" captionTargetId-14="figure-154@45.[226,1360,157,1825]" captionTargetId-2="figure-158@34.[209,1378,149,1867]" captionTargetId-3="figure-157@35.[209,1378,147,1865]" captionTargetId-4="figure-169@36.[218,1369,145,1837]" captionTargetId-5="figure-133@37.[209,1378,151,1869]" captionTargetId-6="figure-118@38.[209,1378,153,1871]" captionTargetId-7="figure-227@39.[151,1436,153,1093]" captionTargetId-8="figure-132@40.[151,1436,155,1088]" captionTargetId-9="figure-185@41.[226,1360,145,1813]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionTargetPageId-10="42" captionTargetPageId-11="43" captionTargetPageId-12="43" captionTargetPageId-13="44" captionTargetPageId-14="45" captionTargetPageId-2="34" captionTargetPageId-3="35" captionTargetPageId-4="36" captionTargetPageId-5="37" captionTargetPageId-6="38" captionTargetPageId-7="39" captionTargetPageId-8="40" captionTargetPageId-9="41" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Habitus images of males (left) and females (right) of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani Costa Lima, Campos Seabra, and Hathaway new status, D, A. crassipes (Fabricius), E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis (Fallou), I, A. spissipes (Say), J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris Herrich-Schaeffer and L, A. pictipes Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 5mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Caudal views of the pygophores of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus, showing the median process of the pygophore. Members of the crassipes species group have rami of the median process in a U shape; pictipes group members have rami of the median process nearly horizontal. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-10="FIGURE 11. Syntergite 9/10 of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. The arrow indicates the distal margin of the syntergite, which in some species is emarginate. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes.. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm" captionText-11="FIGURE 12. Gonocoxa 8 of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-12="FIGURE 13. Gonoplac of A. wygodzinskyi, sp. nov., showing the dorso-medial projection (dmp) and ventral projection (vp). In females of both the crassipes and pictipes species groups of Apiomerus, the dmp is short and reaches approximately half the height of the apex of the ventral projection. The number in the box refers to the USI with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 0.5 mm." captionText-13="FIGURE 14. Dorsal view of the bursa copulatrix of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. See terminology for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. Arrows in A-J point to the transverse sclerotized folds in the bursa. The number of arrows indicates the number of folds. The arrow in K points to the dorsal-most transverse fold which in females of the pictipes group protrudes over the other folds. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-14="FIGURE 15. Ventral view of the bursa copulatrix of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. See terminology for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. Arrows in B-K point to gonapophysis 8 and the anterior portion of gonapohysis 8, showing that they are two separate sclerites. The two sclerites are adjacent and almost entire in D, I, and K. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Lateral views of the pygophores of members of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. Members of the crassipes species group have the median process of the pygophore oriented nearly vertical in this view, perpendicular to the long axis of the pygophore, whereas the pictipes group members have the median process nearly horizontal, parallel to the long axis of the pygophore. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of the pygophores of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. Arrows point to the apex of the rami which have an acute projection in the members of the crassipes group (as seen in A, D, E, G, and J), but which are not produced in the members of the pictipes group (as seen in K and L). A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Dorsal views of the pygophores of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. In the crassipes species group, the inner margin of the genital opening has sclerotized protuberances (A-J). In the pictipes species group the inner margin of the genital opening is smooth without protuberances (K-L). Tergite 9 has been removed in F, J and L. Arrows in B point to the protuberances on the inner margin of the pygophore. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus of the members of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus in dorsal view. The arrow in L points to the sclerotized median dorsal lobe. See terminology section for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Aedeagus of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus in lateral view. See terminology for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Close view of the aedeagus of males of the crassipes (A-C) and pictipes (D) species groups of Apiomerus. A. An example of dorso-lateral lobes (dltlb) that are not divided into proximal and distal portions, but present as a single folded sclerite, a tongue shaped median basal sclerotization (mbs) and a pointed posterior margin of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite (pdps). B. An example of dorsal lateral lobes that are divided with a semi-circular proximal portion (pdltlb) and an entire and elongated distal portion (ddltlb), and a pyramid shaped median basal sclerotization (mbs). C. An example of dorso-lateral lobes that are divided and in which the proximal (pdltlb) and distal (ddltlb) portions are both tongue shaped and the distal is short and entire. D. An example of dorso-lateral lobes that are divided, with a tongue shaped proximal portion (pdltlb) and in which the distal portion (ddltlb) is subdivided into medial and lateral lobe, a median dorsal lobe (mdlb) that is sclerotized, and a rounded posterior margin of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite (pdps). A, A.californicus, sp. nov., B, A. crassipes, C, A. wygodzinskyi, sp. nov., and D, A. flaviventris. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Parameres of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. Males of the crassipes species group have parameres that are strongly curved, whereas males of the pictipes species group have parameres that are weakly curved. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale, 1mm." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Caudal view of the abdomen of females of the crassipes and pictipes species groups of Apiomerus showing tergite 8 and syntergite 9/10. The arrow in A points to the lateral margin of tergite 8, which is expanded into deflexed lobes in nearly the same plane as syntergite 9/10. Females in the crassipes species group have lobes which are concave medially and extend to roughly half the length of syntergite 9/10 (A-J). Females in the pictipes species group have lobes which are shorter, extending only slightly beyond the margin of syntergite 9/10 and nearly flat medially (K-L). A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 1–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFCD1FF3DEA7BDD9A" box="[799,829,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="47.[151,244,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,159,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-181@47.[226,1360,159,1827]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 17. Color variability in members of the crassipes (A-B) and pictipes (C-D) species groups of Apiomerus. A and C are examples of species in which color varies, but in which there are no distinct color forms. In A, the variation is not linked to geographic distribution, and is confined to the pronotum and corium. In C, the color variability is correlated with distribution. From left to right, individuals were collected from north to south within the distribution of the species. B and C are examples of species in which distinct color forms are recognized. See text for discussion of geographic distribution of forms. In B, there are three forms: top row, common form, bottom row left to right: red form, dark form. In D, there are 5 forms recognized. A, A. montanus, sp. nov., B, A. spissipes, C, A. flaviventris, and D, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">17</figureCitation>
, Map 5
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFF59FE84E828DC52" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,366,259,283]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59FE84E828DC52" box="[151,366,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Apiomerus pictipes</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF09FEA1E8B3DCD0" blockId="28.[151,1436,259,608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFF09FEA1E898DC74" author="Herrich-Schaeffer" box="[199,478,294,316]" firstAuthor="Herrich-Schaeffer" page="75" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28186" refString="Herrich-Schaeffer, G. A. W. (1846) [1836 - 1853] Die Wanzenartigen Insekten. C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnburg, 130 pp." type="book" year="1846">Herrich-Schaeffer 1846: 75</bibRefCitation>
(original description);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFD02FEA1EA30DC74" author="Walker" box="[716,886,294,316]" firstAuthor="Walker" page="67" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="66 - 73" refId="ref29811" refString="Walker, F. (1873) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VII. British Museum (Natural History), London, 66 - 73." type="book chapter" year="1873">Walker 1873: 67</bibRefCitation>
(catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFC28FEA1EC75DC74" author="Lethierry and Severin" box="[998,1331,294,316]" firstAuthor="Lethierry" page="145" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28254" refString="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G. (1896) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome III. Heteropteres. Tingidae to Anthocoridae. Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, Berlin, 275 pp." type="book" year="1896">Lethierry and Severin 1896: 145</bibRefCitation>
(catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFF09FEC2E8DADC13" author="Champion" box="[199,412,325,347]" firstAuthor="Champion" page="233" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1897 - 1901" refId="ref27456" refString="Champion, G. C. (1899) [1897 - 1901] Insecta: Rhynchota (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) 2. In: Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (Eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana (Zoologia). Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 416 pp." type="book chapter" year="1899">Champion 1899: 233</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFE2AFEC2EBBDDC13" author="Gillette and Baker" box="[484,763,325,347]" firstAuthor="Gillette" page="60" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28035" refString="Gillette, C. P. &amp; Baker, C. F. (1895) A preliminary list of the Hemiptera of Colorado. Bulletin of the Colorado Experiment Station, 31, 136 pp." type="book" year="1895">Gillette and Baker 1895: 60</bibRefCitation>
(regional checklist);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFC1CFEC2ED3EDC13" author="Uhler" box="[978,1144,325,347]" firstAuthor="Uhler" page="364" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="349 - 364" refId="ref29606" refString="Uhler, P. R. (1904) List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, collected by Messrs E. A. Schwarz and Herbert S. Barber. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 27, 349 - 364." type="journal article" year="1904">Uhler 1904: 364</bibRefCitation>
(regional checklist);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFA80FEC2E86BDC31" author="Fracker" firstAuthor="Fracker" page="236" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="217 - 247" refId="ref27907" refString="Fracker, S. B. (1913) A systematic outline of the Reduviidae of North America. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 19, 217 - 247." type="journal article" year="1913">Fracker 1913: 236</bibRefCitation>
(taxonomy);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFE76FEE4EB2BDC31" author="Readio" box="[440,621,355,377]" firstAuthor="Readio" page="154" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28512" refString="Readio, P. A. (1927) Studies on the biology of the Reduviidae of America north of Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 17, 248 pp." type="book" year="1927">Readio 1927: 154</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFD78FEE4EAE4DC31" author="Wygodzinsky" box="[694,930,355,377]" firstAuthor="Wygodzinsky" page="17" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref29922" refString="Wygodzinsky, P. (1949) Elenco sistematico de los Reduviiformes americanos. Universidad Nacional deTucuman, Tucuman, 102 pp." type="book" year="1949">Wygodzinsky 1949: 17</bibRefCitation>
(catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFBDEFEE4EC6ADC31" author="Costa Lima" box="[1040,1324,355,377]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Costa Lima" page="343" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="273 - 442" refId="ref27559" refString="Costa Lima, A., Campos Seabra, C. A. &amp; Hathaway, C. R. (1951) Estudo dos Apiomeros (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 49, 273 - 442." type="journal article" year="1951">
<collectingRegion id="49C942A56F18FFCEFBDEFEE4ED0CDC31" box="[1040,1098,355,377]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Costa</collectingRegion>
Lima et al. 1951: 343
</bibRefCitation>
(revision);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFF09FE05E8CBDCD0" author="Maldonado" box="[199,397,386,408]" firstAuthor="Maldonado" page="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28314" refString="Maldonado, J. (1990) Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World. Caribbean Journal of Science, Special publication No. 1, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 694 pp." type="book" year="1990">Maldonado 1990: 7</bibRefCitation>
(catalog).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF59FE25E80EDCF1" blockId="28.[151,1436,259,608]" box="[151,328,418,441]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFF59FE25E80EDCF1" box="[151,328,418,441]" class="Insecta" genus="Herega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59FE25E80EDCF1" box="[151,328,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Herega pictipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF09FE42E8FCDC93" blockId="28.[151,1436,259,608]" box="[199,442,453,475]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFF09FE42E81CDC93" author="Stal" box="[199,346,453,475]" firstAuthor="Stal" page="455" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="437 - 462" refId="ref28892" refString="Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23, 437 - 462." type="journal article" year="1862">Stål 1862: 455</bibRefCitation>
(catalog)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF59FE63E89DDCB4" blockId="28.[151,1436,259,608]" box="[151,475,484,508]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFF59FE63E89DDCB4" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,475,484,508]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes" subGenus="Herega">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59FE63E89DDCB4" box="[151,475,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Apiomerus (Herega) pictipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF09FD8FED0CDF56" blockId="28.[151,1436,259,608]" box="[199,1098,520,542]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFF09FD8FE80BDF56" author="Stal" box="[199,333,520,542]" firstAuthor="Stal" page="98" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28953" refString="Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittels kanda Hemiptera, Jemte Systematiska meddelanden Pt. 2. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar, Stockholm, 159 pp." type="book" year="1872">Stål 1872: 98</bibRefCitation>
(catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFE75FD8FEBCFDF56" author="Van Duzee" box="[443,649,520,542]" firstAuthor="Van Duzee" page="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref29730" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. (1916) Check list of the Hemiptera (excepting Aphididae, Aleurodidae and Coccidae) of America north of Mexico. New York Entomological Society, New York, 111 pp." type="book" year="1916">
<collectingRegion id="49C942A56F18FFCEFE75FD8FE8A4DF55" box="[443,482,520,541]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Van</collectingRegion>
Duzee 1916: 30
</bibRefCitation>
(checklist);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFCC9FD8FEAA4DF56" author="Van Duzee" box="[775,994,520,542]" firstAuthor="Van Duzee" page="258" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref29770" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. (1918) Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America, north of Mexico, excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae. University of California Publications in Entomology, 2, 902 pp." type="book" year="1918">
<collectingRegion id="49C942A56F18FFCEFCC9FD8FEA68DF55" box="[775,814,520,541]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Van</collectingRegion>
Duzee 1918: 258
</bibRefCitation>
(catalog).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF59FDA1E887DF76" blockId="28.[151,1436,259,608]" box="[151,449,550,574]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFF59FDA1E887DF76" authorityName="Lima, Seabra &amp; Hathaway" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,449,550,574]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pictipes" subSpecies="pittieri">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59FDA1E887DF76" box="[151,449,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Apiomerus pictipes pittieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF09FDCDEAB7DF28" blockId="28.[151,1436,259,608]" box="[199,1009,586,608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFF09FDCDE8A6DF28" author="Costa Lima" box="[199,480,586,608]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Costa Lima" page="345" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="273 - 442" refId="ref27559" refString="Costa Lima, A., Campos Seabra, C. A. &amp; Hathaway, C. R. (1951) Estudo dos Apiomeros (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 49, 273 - 442." type="journal article" year="1951">
<collectingRegion id="49C942A56F18FFCEFF09FDCDE846DF28" box="[199,256,586,608]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Costa</collectingRegion>
Lima et al. 1951: 345
</bibRefCitation>
(original description);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFD04FDCDEAD6DF28" author="Maldonado" box="[714,912,586,608]" firstAuthor="Maldonado" page="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28314" refString="Maldonado, J. (1990) Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World. Caribbean Journal of Science, Special publication No. 1, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 694 pp." type="book" year="1990">Maldonado 1990: 7</bibRefCitation>
(catalog)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF59FD09EA78DE59" blockId="28.[151,1436,653,785]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59FD09E842DFED" box="[151,260,653,677]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type data</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B65861A6F18FFCEFEDDFD09EBD8DFA5" collectingDate="1954-08-01" collectorName="M. Cazier &amp; W. Gertsch &amp; Bradts Collectors &amp; S. L. Szerlip &amp; Univ. Calif. Insect Survey Specimen" country="Mexico" latitude="19.326" location="Colima" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="-103.845" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Colima" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus id="54B632E56F18FFCEFEDDFD09E834DFEE" box="[275,370,654,678]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
(here designated):
<specimenCount id="9D0B47CE6F18FFCEFD85FD0AEB33DFED" box="[587,629,653,677]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFD4AFD0AEBBCDFEE" bold="true" box="[644,762,653,678]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F18FFCEFD4AFD0AEBBCDFEE" box="[644,762,653,678]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFCC7FD0AEA26DFEE" bold="true" box="[777,864,653,678]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49C942A56F18FFCEFCC7FD0AEA26DFEE" box="[777,864,653,678]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colima</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4CF521A26F18FFCEFCA1FD0AEAF7DFED" box="[879,945,653,677]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
W
<location id="8ED2DA9C6F18FFCEFC17FD0AED6DDFED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A43D516F18FFCFFDFFFF10EA01D9A0:8ED2DA9C6F18FFCEFC17FD0AED6DDFED" box="[985,1067,653,677]" country="Mexico" latitude="19.326" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="-103.845" name="Colima" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colima">Colima</location>
[
<geoCoordinate id="EE39EA806F18FFCEFBF4FD0AEDEEDFED" box="[1082,1192,653,678]" degrees="19.326" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="55" value="19.326">
19.326
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFB47FD0AEDD2DFEE" bold="true" box="[1161,1172,653,678]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">°</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE39EA806F18FFCEFB7EFD0AEC73DFED" box="[1200,1333,653,678]" degrees="103.845" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="55" value="-103.845">
103.845
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFAC5FD0AEC50DFEE" bold="true" box="[1291,1302,653,678]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">°</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="FFB3AA876F18FFCEFA86FD0AE996DF81" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1954-08-01">
<collectingDate id="EFF7536F6F18FFCEFA86FD0AE996DF81" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1954-08-01">01 Aug 1954</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<collectorName id="26F8E9916F18FFCEFF17FD36E80FDF81" box="[217,329,689,713]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. Cazier</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26F8E9916F18FFCEFE9AFD35E895DF81" box="[340,467,689,713]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">W. Gertsch</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26F8E9916F18FFCEFE11FD36EBE4DF81" box="[479,674,689,713]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bradts Collectors</collectorName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFD76FD36EDDEDF81" authority="Herrich-Schaeffer Det." authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer Det." box="[696,1176,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFD76FD36EAD6DF81" box="[696,912,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Apiomerus pictipes</emphasis>
Herrich-Schaeffer Det.
</taxonomicName>
by
<collectorName id="26F8E9916F18FFCEFB0CFD36EC0BDF81" box="[1218,1357,689,713]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. L. Szerlip</collectorName>
1975 /
<collectorName id="26F8E9916F18FFCEFF59FD52EB68DFA5" box="[151,558,725,749]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Univ. Calif. Insect Survey Specimen</collectorName>
# 176380
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="3B65861A6F18FFCEFD7DFD52EA7CDE59" collectionCode="UCR, AMNH" collectorName="Berniker &amp; Szerlip" country="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="ENT 00010431" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Colima" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus id="54B632E56F18FFCEFD7DFD52EA74DFA5" box="[691,818,725,749]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D0B47CE6F18FFCEFCF7FD51EA08DFA5" box="[825,846,726,749]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFC9BFD52EC34DFA5" authority="Herrich-Schaeffer 1846 Det." authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[853,1394,725,749]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFC9BFD52ED6ADFA5" box="[853,1068,725,749]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Apiomerus pictipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F18FFCEFBFDFD52EC7DDFA5" author="Herrich-Schaeffer" box="[1075,1339,725,749]" firstAuthor="Herrich-Schaeffer" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28186" refString="Herrich-Schaeffer, G. A. W. (1846) [1836 - 1853] Die Wanzenartigen Insekten. C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnburg, 130 pp." type="book" year="1846">Herrich-Schaeffer 1846</bibRefCitation>
Det.
</taxonomicName>
by:
<collectorName id="26F8E9916F18FFCEFF59FD7EE9BFDE59" box="[151,249,761,785]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Berniker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F8E9916F18FFCEFED2FD7EE82DDE59" box="[284,363,761,785]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Szerlip</collectorName>
2011 / (
<collectionCode id="ED1C14826F18FFCEFE09FD7EEB47DE59" box="[455,513,761,785]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15736" name="University of California" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">UCR</collectionCode>
_
<specimenCode id="DBAB243C6F18FFCEFDDEFD7EEB86DE59" box="[528,704,761,785]" collectionCode="UCR" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15736" name="University of California" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">ENT 00010431</specimenCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED1C14826F18FFCEFD18FD7EEA74DE59" box="[726,818,761,785]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF59FCC5EACBDEE9" blockId="28.[151,1436,833,929]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59FCC5E84FDE11" box="[151,265,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Recognized by the posterior pronotal lobe being solid black, solid yellow, or black with an anterior band of red or orange, hemelytra that are yellow, red or orange (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFC5FFCE2EAACDE35" box="[913,1002,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="32.[151,244,1889,1910]" captionTargetBox="[211,1379,155,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-119@32.[211,1380,155,1873]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus images of males (left) and females (right) of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani Costa Lima, Campos Seabra, and Hathaway new status, D, A. crassipes (Fabricius), E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis (Fallou), I, A. spissipes (Say), J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris Herrich-Schaeffer and L, A. pictipes Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 5mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
), abdominal venter black and yellow striped, gonapophysis 8 with two distinct sclerotizations (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFCD5FC0EEAC6DEE9" box="[795,896,905,929]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="45.[151,244,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,157,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-154@45.[226,1360,157,1825]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ventral view of the bursa copulatrix of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. See terminology for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. Arrows in B-K point to gonapophysis 8 and the anterior portion of gonapohysis 8, showing that they are two separate sclerites. The two sclerites are adjacent and almost entire in D, I, and K. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF59FC56E830DB61" blockId="28.[151,1436,977,1685]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59FC56E874DEA1" box="[151,306,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Redescription</emphasis>
: Male: Medium-sized, total length
<quantity id="4CF521A26F18FFCEFD73FC56EA25DEA1" box="[701,867,977,1001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.56" metricValueMin="1.44" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="15.6" valueMin="14.4">14.4–15.6 mm</quantity>
. COLORATION: HEAD: Black. THORAX: Anterior pronotal lobe black posteriorly, red or orange anteriorly, posterior pronotal lobe usually black with anterior band of red or orange, sometimes uniformly black or yellow, margin of posterior pronotal lobe pale yellow to white, scutellum black with yellow margin, thoracic pleura black with a yellow circle on supracoxal lobes, corium yellow, orange or red, foreleg black and red or orange, midleg similar to foreleg, hind leg black or black distally, red or orange proximally (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFE71FB02EB5FD9D5" box="[447,537,1157,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="32.[151,244,1889,1910]" captionTargetBox="[211,1379,155,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-119@32.[211,1380,155,1873]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus images of males (left) and females (right) of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani Costa Lima, Campos Seabra, and Hathaway new status, D, A. crassipes (Fabricius), E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis (Fallou), I, A. spissipes (Say), J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris Herrich-Schaeffer and L, A. pictipes Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 5mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 1L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFDE8FB02EB1FD9D5" box="[550,601,1157,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="45.[151,244,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,157,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-154@45.[226,1360,157,1825]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ventral view of the bursa copulatrix of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. See terminology for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. Arrows in B-K point to gonapophysis 8 and the anterior portion of gonapohysis 8, showing that they are two separate sclerites. The two sclerites are adjacent and almost entire in D, I, and K. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">15D</figureCitation>
). ABDOMEN: Black, with yellow stripes ventrally, connexivum pale yellow to white, pygophore orange to black. STRUCTURE: HEAD: about 2/3 as long as pronotum, about 4 times width of eye, length of eye in dorsal view about 1/4 of head length. THORAX: pronotum 1.3 times wider than long, anterolateral angle truncate, disc of anterior lobe with paired greatly convex lobes, posterior margin straight. ABDOMEN: pygophore about 1/5 length of abdomen, rami of the median process of the pygophore gently concave, nearly horizontal, ramus as long as base width (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFD23FABEEA01D819" box="[749,839,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="33.[151,244,1880,1901]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,151,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-143@33.[209,1378,151,1869]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caudal views of the pygophores of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus, showing the median process of the pygophore. Members of the crassipes species group have rami of the median process in a U shape; pictipes group members have rami of the median process nearly horizontal. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 2L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFC9CFABEEA35D819" box="[850,883,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="34.[151,244,1878,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,151,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-158@34.[209,1378,149,1867]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral views of the pygophores of members of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. Members of the crassipes species group have the median process of the pygophore oriented nearly vertical in this view, perpendicular to the long axis of the pygophore, whereas the pictipes group members have the median process nearly horizontal, parallel to the long axis of the pygophore. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">3L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFCB1FABEEAE7D819" box="[895,929,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="35.[151,244,1878,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,151,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-157@35.[209,1378,147,1865]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of the pygophores of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. Arrows point to the apex of the rami which have an acute projection in the members of the crassipes group (as seen in A, D, E, G, and J), but which are not produced in the members of the pictipes group (as seen in K and L). A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFC63FABEEA89D819" box="[941,975,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="36.[151,244,1856,1877]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,151,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-169@36.[218,1369,145,1837]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal views of the pygophores of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. In the crassipes species group, the inner margin of the genital opening has sclerotized protuberances (A-J). In the pictipes species group the inner margin of the genital opening is smooth without protuberances (K-L). Tergite 9 has been removed in F, J and L. Arrows in B point to the protuberances on the inner margin of the pygophore. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5L</figureCitation>
). GENITALIA: distal portion of tergite 9 with setae on entire distal portion, posterior margin of dorsal phallothecal sclerite rounded in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFAFBFADAECC8D83D" box="[1333,1422,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="39.[151,244,1114,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-227@39.[151,1436,153,1093]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 8. Close view of the aedeagus of males of the crassipes (A-C) and pictipes (D) species groups of Apiomerus. A. An example of dorso-lateral lobes (dltlb) that are not divided into proximal and distal portions, but present as a single folded sclerite, a tongue shaped median basal sclerotization (mbs) and a pointed posterior margin of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite (pdps). B. An example of dorsal lateral lobes that are divided with a semi-circular proximal portion (pdltlb) and an entire and elongated distal portion (ddltlb), and a pyramid shaped median basal sclerotization (mbs). C. An example of dorso-lateral lobes that are divided and in which the proximal (pdltlb) and distal (ddltlb) portions are both tongue shaped and the distal is short and entire. D. An example of dorso-lateral lobes that are divided, with a tongue shaped proximal portion (pdltlb) and in which the distal portion (ddltlb) is subdivided into medial and lateral lobe, a median dorsal lobe (mdlb) that is sclerotized, and a rounded posterior margin of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite (pdps). A, A.californicus, sp. nov., B, A. crassipes, C, A. wygodzinskyi, sp. nov., and D, A. flaviventris. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
), apex in dorsal view narrow, less than half the width of dorsal phallothecal sclerite, endosomal struts fused only at base, dorsolateral lobe divided into proximal and distal portion, proximal lobe semi-circular or tongue shaped, distal lobe subdivided into a medial and lateral lobe (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFD1EFA4EEA6CD8A9" box="[720,810,1481,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="39.[151,244,1114,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-227@39.[151,1436,153,1093]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 8. Close view of the aedeagus of males of the crassipes (A-C) and pictipes (D) species groups of Apiomerus. A. An example of dorso-lateral lobes (dltlb) that are not divided into proximal and distal portions, but present as a single folded sclerite, a tongue shaped median basal sclerotization (mbs) and a pointed posterior margin of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite (pdps). B. An example of dorsal lateral lobes that are divided with a semi-circular proximal portion (pdltlb) and an entire and elongated distal portion (ddltlb), and a pyramid shaped median basal sclerotization (mbs). C. An example of dorso-lateral lobes that are divided and in which the proximal (pdltlb) and distal (ddltlb) portions are both tongue shaped and the distal is short and entire. D. An example of dorso-lateral lobes that are divided, with a tongue shaped proximal portion (pdltlb) and in which the distal portion (ddltlb) is subdivided into medial and lateral lobe, a median dorsal lobe (mdlb) that is sclerotized, and a rounded posterior margin of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite (pdps). A, A.californicus, sp. nov., B, A. crassipes, C, A. wygodzinskyi, sp. nov., and D, A. flaviventris. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
), medial lobe smooth, lateral lobe with small denticles, median basal sclerotization tongue shaped (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFDB2FA6AEB93DB4D" box="[636,725,1517,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="39.[151,244,1114,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-227@39.[151,1436,153,1093]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 8. Close view of the aedeagus of males of the crassipes (A-C) and pictipes (D) species groups of Apiomerus. A. An example of dorso-lateral lobes (dltlb) that are not divided into proximal and distal portions, but present as a single folded sclerite, a tongue shaped median basal sclerotization (mbs) and a pointed posterior margin of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite (pdps). B. An example of dorsal lateral lobes that are divided with a semi-circular proximal portion (pdltlb) and an entire and elongated distal portion (ddltlb), and a pyramid shaped median basal sclerotization (mbs). C. An example of dorso-lateral lobes that are divided and in which the proximal (pdltlb) and distal (ddltlb) portions are both tongue shaped and the distal is short and entire. D. An example of dorso-lateral lobes that are divided, with a tongue shaped proximal portion (pdltlb) and in which the distal portion (ddltlb) is subdivided into medial and lateral lobe, a median dorsal lobe (mdlb) that is sclerotized, and a rounded posterior margin of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite (pdps). A, A.californicus, sp. nov., B, A. crassipes, C, A. wygodzinskyi, sp. nov., and D, A. flaviventris. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
), distal dorsal lobe with a horseshoe-shaped field of strong denticles (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFF2FF996E87DDB61" box="[225,315,1553,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="37.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,151,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-133@37.[209,1378,151,1869]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus of the members of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus in dorsal view. The arrow in L points to the sclerotized median dorsal lobe. See terminology section for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 6L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFE88F996E82FDB61" box="[326,361,1553,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="38.[151,244,1893,1914]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,153,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-118@38.[209,1378,153,1871]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 7. Aedeagus of males of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus in lateral view. See terminology for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">7L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF09F9B2EBE2DBDD" blockId="28.[151,1436,977,1685]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Female: Total length
<quantity id="4CF521A26F18FFCEFE78F9B2EB1ADB05" box="[438,604,1589,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.47" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="15.25" valueMax="15.8" valueMin="14.7">14.7–15.8 mm</quantity>
. STRUCTURE: ABDOMEN: syntergite 9/10 with distal margin emarginate (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFF08F9DEE86FDB39" box="[198,297,1625,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="42.[151,244,1893,1914]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,153,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-123@42.[209,1378,153,1871]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 11. Syntergite 9/10 of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. The arrow indicates the distal margin of the syntergite, which in some species is emarginate. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes.. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 11L</figureCitation>
). GENITALIA: gonapophysis 8 with two distinct sclerotizations (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFBC9F9DEED2DDB39" box="[1031,1131,1625,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="45.[151,244,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,157,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-154@45.[226,1360,157,1825]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ventral view of the bursa copulatrix of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. See terminology for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. Arrows in B-K point to gonapophysis 8 and the anterior portion of gonapohysis 8, showing that they are two separate sclerites. The two sclerites are adjacent and almost entire in D, I, and K. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15L</figureCitation>
), bursa copulatrix with two narrow, transverse sclerotized folds (
<figureCitation id="133690C26F18FFCEFDFCF9FAEBDEDBDD" box="[562,664,1661,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="44.[151,244,1844,1865]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,155,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-170@44.[226,1360,155,1823]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 14. Dorsal view of the bursa copulatrix of females of the crassipes (A-J) and pictipes (K-L) species groups of Apiomerus. See terminology for abbreviations and text for discussion of characters. Arrows in A-J point to the transverse sclerotized folds in the bursa. The number of arrows indicates the number of folds. The arrow in K points to the dorsal-most transverse fold which in females of the pictipes group protrudes over the other folds. A, A. californicus sp. nov., B, A. cazieri sp. nov., C, A. cooremani new status, D, A. crassipes, E, A. floridensis, sp. nov., F, A. montanus, sp. nov., G, A. peninsularis sp. nov., H, A. rufipennis, I, A. spissipes, J, A. wygodzinskyi sp. nov., K, A. flaviventris, and L, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT. Scale 1mm." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 14L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF59F942EDBDDA6D" blockId="28.[151,1436,1733,1829]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59F942E9A8DB95" box="[151,238,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Biology</emphasis>
: Individuals have been collected during all months of the year from sea level to
<quantity id="4CF521A26F18FFCEFB46F942ED99DB95" box="[1160,1247,1733,1757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
above sea level. They have been collected at night and on the following plants:
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFC5FF96EEC78DA49" box="[913,1342,1769,1793]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFC5FF96EED28DA49" box="[913,1134,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Amaranthus viridis</emphasis>
(Amaranthaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFA80F96EE8C7DA6D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" genus="Carica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papaya">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFA80F96EE9AFDA6D" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Carica papaya</emphasis>
(Caricaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFE42F88AE8BFDA6D" box="[396,505,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Heliantus</emphasis>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFDE0F88AEBE9DA6D" box="[558,687,1805,1829]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFD0CF889EAA3DA6D" box="[706,997,1805,1829]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mimosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pigra">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFD0CF889EA26DA6D" box="[706,864,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mimosa pigra</emphasis>
(Fabaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, and on foliage of citrus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCEFF59F8D2EA2ADA25" blockId="28.[151,876,1877,1901]" box="[151,876,1877,1901]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59F8D2E866DA25" box="[151,288,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F18FFCEFEE0F8D2E8C5DA25" box="[302,387,1877,1901]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
south to
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F18FFCEFE25F8D2EB18DA25" box="[491,606,1877,1901]" name="Venezuela" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F18FFCEFD5BF8D2EA45DA25" box="[661,771,1877,1901]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Map 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F18FFCFFF59F819E8B4DFA7" blockId="28.[151,1436,1949,2010]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,151,1004]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59F819E854DAFD" box="[151,274,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Discussion</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFEEEF81AE8BEDAFD" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[288,504,1949,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFEEEF81AE8BEDAFD" box="[288,504,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Apiomerus pictipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits the most extreme polychromatism among the members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFADBF819EC2ADAFD" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[1301,1388,1950,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFADBF819EC2ADAFD" box="[1301,1388,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">pictipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F18FFCEFF59F845E9B9DA91" authorityName="Det. by" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[151,255,1986,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F18FFCEFF59F845E9B9DA91" box="[151,255,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups. Individuals can be categorized into at least five fairly distinct color morphs. These are found in the following regions: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFDD6FF10EB2BDDE7" box="[536,621,151,175]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFD5CFF10EA49DDE7" box="[658,783,151,175]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, 2) the Yucatan Peninsula, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFB92FF10ED8ADDE7" box="[1116,1228,151,175]" name="Honduras" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFB3BFF1FEC0BDDE7" box="[1269,1357,152,175]" name="Panama" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
and 5)
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFF59FF3BE843DD9C" box="[151,261,188,212]" name="Colombia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFE88FF3BE8FFDD9C" box="[326,441,188,212]" name="Venezuela" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(see
<figureCitation id="133690C26F19FFCFFE30FF3BEB2CDD9C" box="[510,618,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="47.[151,244,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,159,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-181@47.[226,1360,159,1827]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 17. Color variability in members of the crassipes (A-B) and pictipes (C-D) species groups of Apiomerus. A and C are examples of species in which color varies, but in which there are no distinct color forms. In A, the variation is not linked to geographic distribution, and is confined to the pronotum and corium. In C, the color variability is correlated with distribution. From left to right, individuals were collected from north to south within the distribution of the species. B and C are examples of species in which distinct color forms are recognized. See text for discussion of geographic distribution of forms. In B, there are three forms: top row, common form, bottom row left to right: red form, dark form. In D, there are 5 forms recognized. A, A. montanus, sp. nov., B, A. spissipes, C, A. flaviventris, and D, A. pictipes. Numbers in each box refer to USIs with the prefix UCR_ENT." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
). The first is the most common
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFC3CFF3BED1BDD9C" box="[1010,1117,188,212]" form="and" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="form">form and</taxonomicName>
is represented by the
<typeStatus id="54B632E56F19FFCFFAA2FF3BECDADD9C" box="[1388,1436,188,212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F19FFCFFEE2FF58EB01DDBF" author="Herrich-Schaeffer" box="[300,583,223,247]" firstAuthor="Herrich-Schaeffer" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref28186" refString="Herrich-Schaeffer, G. A. W. (1846) [1836 - 1853] Die Wanzenartigen Insekten. C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnburg, 130 pp." type="book" year="1846">Herrich-Schaeffer (1846)</bibRefCitation>
from “middle america”. Even within the range of the first form, individuals vary from light orange to red. Individuals from
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFD69FE83EA67DC54" box="[679,801,260,284]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFC98FE83EA8FDC54" box="[854,969,260,284]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
vary in the color pattern of the pronotum, some of them having very little or no black bands on the posterior pronotal lobe. The individuals found on the
<collectingRegion id="49C942A56F19FFCFFF59FECBE9B7DC2B" box="[151,241,332,355]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
Peninsula are darker in color and resemble the darkest forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFC1FFECBED29DC2C" box="[977,1135,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFC1FFECBED29DC2C" box="[977,1135,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although they are significantly smaller. Where individuals of the common form in
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFCE3FEE8EAC5DCCF" box="[813,899,367,391]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
are colored bright red or orange on the corium and pronotum, these individuals are a deep red, giving an overall darker appearance. The
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFB58FE13EC45DCE4" box="[1174,1283,404,428]" name="Honduras" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Honduras</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFAC5FE13EC29DCE4" box="[1291,1391,404,428]" form="has" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="form">form has</taxonomicName>
red hemelytra, but lacks the corresponding red banding on the pronotum, as well as a posterior pronotal and mesoscutal margin, giving the appearance of an almost black habitus except for the corium color. These individuals closely resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFECAFD87E8D0DF50" baseAuthorityName="Fallou" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[260,406,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipennis">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFECAFD87E8D0DF50" box="[260,406,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. rufipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although that they are clearly members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFC7FFD87ED4EDF5F" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[945,1032,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFC7FFD87ED4EDF5F" box="[945,1032,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">pictipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group based on the median process of the pygophore in the male and the extensions of tergite
<quantity id="4CF521A26F19FFCFFC44FDA3EAF0DF74" box="[906,950,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
the female. The
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFBB8FDA3ED89DF73" box="[1142,1231,548,571]" name="Panama" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
form is similar to individuals from
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFE96FDC0E8F6DF17" box="[344,432,583,607]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, except that it is pale yellow instead of orange or red. Those individuals found in
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFA89FDC0E9FFDFCC" name="Colombia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFF3AFDEBE82CDFCC" box="[244,362,620,644]" name="Venezuela" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, the southern end of the distribution are often smaller than those found further north, and are orange to light brown in color. We refrain from describing these forms as new species because they cannot be distinguished from each other based on genitalia, and because
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFCF2FD33EAF5DF84" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[828,947,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFCF2FD33EAF5DF84" box="[828,947,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. pictipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been recognized as a highly variable species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F19FFCFFEE2FD50E8A3DFA7" author="Champion" box="[300,485,727,751]" firstAuthor="Champion" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1897 - 1901" refId="ref27456" refString="Champion, G. C. (1899) [1897 - 1901] Insecta: Rhynchota (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) 2. In: Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (Eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana (Zoologia). Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 416 pp." type="book chapter" year="1899">Champion 1899</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F19FFCFFF09FD7BEC66DEEC" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CF1B66F19FFCFFF09FD7BE8A6DE5C" author="Costa Lima" box="[199,480,764,788]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Costa Lima" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="273 - 442" refId="ref27559" refString="Costa Lima, A., Campos Seabra, C. A. &amp; Hathaway, C. R. (1951) Estudo dos Apiomeros (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 49, 273 - 442." type="journal article" year="1951">Costa Lima et al. (1951)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFD90FD7BEACBDE5C" authorityName="Lima, Seabra &amp; Hathaway" authorityYear="1951" box="[606,909,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pictipes" subSpecies="pittieri">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFD90FD7BEACBDE5C" box="[606,909,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Apiomerus pictipes pittieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a specimen from the
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFB39FD7BEC74DE5C" box="[1271,1330,764,788]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. S.</collectingCountry>
National Museum collected in
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFE47FC98EB46DE7F" box="[393,512,799,823]" name="Venezuela" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
; this specimen matches the color
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFCB6FC98ED66DE7F" box="[888,1056,799,823]" form="described" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="form">form described</taxonomicName>
above for individuals from South America. The designation was based primarily on differences in color. Since this species is highly polychromatic, new species or subspecies should not be described based on color alone. Dissections of
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFBBAFCEFEC79DE37" authorityName="Lima, Seabra &amp; Hathaway" authorityYear="1951" box="[1140,1343,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pictipes" subSpecies="pittieri">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFBBAFCEFEC79DE37" box="[1140,1343,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. pictipes pittieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed no genitalic differences compared to other males of
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFD13FC0BEA15DEEC" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[733,851,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFD13FC0BEA15DEEC" box="[733,851,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. pictipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the subspecies is here synonymized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F19FFCFFF59FC28EAC9DEA4" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The only other member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFE24FC37EB07DE8F" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[490,577,944,967]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFE24FC37EB07DE8F" box="[490,577,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">pictipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFCCFFC37EADBDE80" box="[769,925,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFCCFFC37EADBDE80" box="[769,925,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and where these two species meet in
<collectingCountry id="F31ACCD76F19FFCFFAF1FC28ECD1DE8F" box="[1343,1431,943,967]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, they can be separated based on differences in color pattern and size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F19FFCFFF59FB9AE9AFD9E8" blockId="29.[151,1436,1052,1184]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFF59FB9AE810D97C" box="[151,342,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type designation</emphasis>
: As with
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFE0AFB9BEB85D97C" box="[452,707,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFE0AFB9BEB85D97C" box="[452,707,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Apiomerus flaviventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, attempts to locate the type
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFBCFFB9BEDD3D97C" box="[1025,1173,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFBD0FB9BEDD3D97C" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer. Numbers" authorityYear="1846" box="[1054,1173,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">A. pictipes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
have have been unsuccessful (see
<taxonomicName id="4C0DF7C46F19FFCFFEE9FBC7E881D910" box="[295,455,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFEE9FBC7E881D910" box="[295,455,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. flaviventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type designation). A
<typeStatus id="54B632E56F19FFCFFD09FBC7EA59D910" box="[711,799,1088,1112]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
has been selected based on the type locality (“Middle America”) and features of the specimen shown on the color plate in Herrich-Schaeffer’s original description (1846).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB28C476F19FFCFFF59FB57EA01D9A0" blockId="29.[151,839,1232,1256]" box="[151,839,1232,1256]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B97950556F19FFCFFF59FB57E82DD9A0" box="[151,363,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined</emphasis>
: See Appendix;
<specimenCount id="9D0B47CE6F19FFCFFDE8FB57EB8AD9A0" box="[550,716,1232,1256]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">976 specimens</specimenCount>
examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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