249 lines
49 KiB
XML
249 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="261E5C92151BB9225318D9A61DF0ABE4" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620669881514" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03A0DB42C77DCE3436D1FF69E81C0E99" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (3 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhynchozoon scimitar Dick & Grischenko 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="FF99A33AC70DCE463706FFE7EB6F083D" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="252" updateTime="1698914151049" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3FA67FE161E97B59EEB00225A2159CFD">
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<mods:title id="60D8D18D81735D49AF2C746BB5DE433B">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CDFFA86187D949ED75BC7C3A8ABE36EE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="49671A9DC530A52DEA8975C5C199D035">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0C82530410A9E1BF5B069C943FE70B1B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="292CED5118940BDFEFA59981904EBF41">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="119BD45D289E59D2A7F69DC61F758EF7">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="071593D803281D43D2552F29ADF18629">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="85C0A433C1E8B89593B0D827377E26B6">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3835EC15CADA05A4EAC438B44E08FA6E">
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<mods:date id="43693176E1111FCFD206CF501136A812">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5B0E43AB195443000E86E834B07A5286" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="94011ABBDB36180933FA0E5F8CB305CA">2016-12-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="437C6B124742A3A1BDD7D49D65B22107" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="986380ADE975E837793EE28F099EBB0C">51</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AAEA0934D66102D836AAA32CF01DBCAB" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3E3722C8028E83C9ED8844BAB085A8A2">3 - 4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="96FA0C10B6C87DF5898BA15EB63A667A">141</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="57B3F9D25BD0AABEB8F537B6E9049FBA">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7D520A9AC981FC8B7DFBDEA1B494101E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="846357B8A61476F09542B87335ACE79A" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B5F50EE998CE95B79CDA072D09C94266" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A0DB42C77DCE3436D1FF69E81C0E99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C77DCE3436D1FF69E81C0E99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0DB42C77DCE3436D1FF69E81C0E99" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC77DCE3636D1FF69E822089A" box="[471,845,142,167]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3636D1FF69E822089A" blockId="112.[471,845,142,202]" box="[471,845,142,167]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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<heading id="D0FEDD38C77DCE3636D1FF69E822089A" box="[471,845,142,167]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77DCE3636D1FF69E988089A" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[471,743,142,167]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C77DCE3636D1FF69E988089A" bold="true" box="[471,743,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Rhynchozoon scimitar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E0B3DC77DCE3635F6FF69E822089A" box="[752,845,142,167]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC77DCE363502FF56E87008F7" box="[516,799,177,202]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE363502FF56E87008F7" blockId="112.[471,845,142,202]" box="[516,799,177,202]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE36350AFF56E9E708F7" box="[524,648,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="102.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-75@102.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figures 36</figureCitation>
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(e–f) and 40)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC77DCE3637A6FF12EA140969" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3637A6FF12EA720932" blockId="112.[160,1155,245,340]" box="[160,285,245,271]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C77DCE3637A6FF12EA720932" bold="true" box="[160,285,245,271]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3637A6FEFDEA140969" blockId="112.[160,1155,245,340]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">The specific name is a noun in apposition referring to the scimitar-like rostrum of the suboral avicularian.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC77DCE3637A6FE67EA3D0A7A" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3637A6FE67EAEF09A7" blockId="112.[160,1156,384,583]" box="[160,384,384,410]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C77DCE3637A6FE67EAEF09A7" bold="true" box="[160,384,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3637A6FE43EA3D0A7A" blockId="112.[160,1156,384,583]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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<materialsCitation id="3B616009C77DCE3637A6FE43E9860981" box="[160,745,420,444]" collectionCode="SES" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54B2D4F6C77DCE3637A6FE43EA660981" box="[160,265,420,444]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: NSMT-Te 1205, dried specimen,
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C77DCE36358BFE43E9DB0981" box="[653,692,420,444]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B616009C77DCE3635F0FE43E8490A3F" collectionCode="SES, NHMUK" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" specimenCode="SES-47, SES-48, NHMUK 2016.5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54B2D4F6C77DCE3635F0FE43E8090981" box="[758,870,420,444]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: NSMT-Te 1190 (
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<specimenCode id="DBAFC22FC77DCE36332FFE43EF140981" box="[1065,1147,420,444]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">SES-47</specimenCode>
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), upper colony (overgrowing
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<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77DCE3636D8FE20E99809E2" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[478,759,455,479]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C77DCE3636D8FE20E99809E2" box="[478,759,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Rhynchozoon maculosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1207 (
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<specimenCode id="DBAFC22FC77DCE3637E1FE0DEA560A3F" box="[231,313,490,514]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">SES-48</specimenCode>
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B), bleached, on SEM stub;
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<specimenCode id="DBAFC22FC77DCE363571FE0DE8490A3F" box="[631,806,490,514]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.5</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B616009C77DCE36342CFE0DEA210A7A" collectionCode="NHMUK, SES" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" specimenCode="SES-48" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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13.87 (
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<specimenCode id="DBAFC22FC77DCE363470FE0DE8A80A3F" box="[886,967,490,514]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">SES-48</specimenCode>
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A) (part of same colony as
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<specimenCode id="DBAFC22FC77DCE363613FDEBEA090A19" box="[277,358,524,548]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">SES-48</specimenCode>
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B), unbleached, on SEM stub;
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C77DCE3635B1FDEBE8600A19" box="[695,783,524,548]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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2016.5.13.88-89, two dried fragments,
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C77DCE3637F2FDC8EA740A7A" box="[244,283,559,583]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC77DCE3437A6FD94EA2D09E3" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3637A6FD94EA220AB0" blockId="112.[160,1156,627,791]" box="[160,333,627,653]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C77DCE3637A6FD94EA220AB0" bold="true" box="[160,333,627,653]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Measurements</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3637A6FD70EA5B0B2A" blockId="112.[160,1156,627,791]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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AzL, 0.47–0.62 (0.519 ± 0.044); AzW, 0.29–0.45 (0.365 ± 0.047) (n = 15, 1). OrL,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C77DCE36333CFD70EF190A92" box="[1082,1142,663,687]" degrees="0.097" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" precision="55" value="0.097">0.097</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C77DCE363370FD70EBB30AEF" degrees="0.132" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" precision="55" value="-0.132">– 0.132</geoCoordinate>
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(0.113 ± 0.009); OrW,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C77DCE3636F4FD5DE9410AEF" box="[498,558,698,722]" degrees="0.095" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" precision="55" value="0.095">0.095</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C77DCE363528FD5DE9170AEF" box="[558,632,698,722]" degrees="0.110" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" precision="55" value="-0.11">–0.110</geoCoordinate>
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(0.104 ± 0.005) (n = 15, 2). OvL, 0.19–0.23 (0.213 ± 0.014); OvW, 0.22–0.26 (0.236 ± 0.014) (n = 15, 1). Largest colony observed 22 ×
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<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C77DCE3637DBFD18EA5F0B2A" box="[221,304,767,791]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="112" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3637A6FCA4EA490B60" blockId="112.[160,1156,835,1727]" box="[160,294,835,861]" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77DCE3637A6FCA4EA490B60" bold="true" box="[160,294,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Description</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77DCE3437A6FC80EA2D09E3" blockId="112.[160,1156,835,1727]" lastBlockId="114.[160,1156,142,478]" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="112" pageNumber="252">
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Colony (
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE363602FC80EA1A0B42" box="[260,373,871,895]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figure 40</figureCitation>
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(a)) forming an encrusting sheet; unilaminar, becoming bi- or trilaminar in older parts of colony due to self-overgrowth or frontal budding; with faint yellowish tinge; exposed entooecial area on ovicell opaque white; embryos in dried specimens opaque light yellow. Zooids at colony margin (
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE36346FFC28E8B20BDA" box="[873,989,975,999]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figure 40</figureCitation>
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(b)) irregularly hexagonal, delineated by suture line between opposing columns of areolae; with six to nine small, circular or oval areolae evident along each lateral margin. Frontal wall slightly to moderately convex, without pseudopores, surface somewhat irregular, texture smooth. With moderate calcification (
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE3635C5FBBDE85A0C4F" box="[707,821,1114,1138]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figure 40</figureCitation>
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(e)) frontal surface becomes flatter, with zooidal boundaries indicated by areolae and suture line. In the oldest, heavily calcified zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE3636D2FB78E9220C8A" box="[468,589,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)), zooidal boundaries indistinct; frontal wall irregular, with scattered small tubercles. Primary orifice (including sinus) on average longer than broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE363694FB02E9670CC0" box="[402,520,1253,1277]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(b, c)); anter D-shaped; proximal sinus deep, narrow, U-shaped; condyles small, rounded, directed frontodistally. Margin of anter beaded with 19–23 denticles (n = 8, 2). Oral spines lacking. Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE3634DFFACDEF250D7F" box="[985,1098,1322,1346]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(e, f)) with distinct, asymmetrical proximal pseudosinus; sometimes a major and minor sinus occur. Around peristomial margin in older zooids are up to six short, blunt, cylindrical or conical processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE363529FA75E9C90D97" box="[559,678,1426,1450]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)), arising from secondary calcification from proximal end of next-distal zooid, from one or both lateral zooids, and around proximal margin of orifice. Avicularia lacking in some zooids, but if present, only one avicularium per zooid, either lateral-suboral or frontal. Lateral suboral avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77DCE3637AEF9FAEA760E08" box="[168,281,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="112" pageNumber="252">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(b, d)) with a semicircular chamber immediately proximolateral to orifice on one side or other, arising from one or two areole. Rostrum large, length up to 2 times orifice width, raised distally at about 30° to frontal plane, directed distolaterally, strongly hooked at end; crossbar complete; mandibular part of rostrum curved, scimitar-like; rostral opening irregular due to coarse denticles around margin of opening; mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77CCE37369CFA75E97F0D97" box="[410,528,1426,1450]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="113" pageNumber="253">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) long-triangular, weakly scimitar-shaped, sharply hooked in opposite direction to rostral hook, tip acute. Suboral avicularium not immersed in peristome, but remains conspicuous at peristomial margin. Frontal avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77CCE373624FA1DEAF90E2F" box="[290,406,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="113" pageNumber="253">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) are situated along lateral zooidal margin on one side or other. Rostrum diamond shaped, parallel to frontal plane or slightly raised distally, directed laterally or distolaterally, about same length and width as rostrum of suboral avicularium but not curved laterally; crossbar complete; mandible slightly to markedly long-triangular, with a slight hook at the end. In heavily calcified zooids, the frontal avicularia can be nearly completely covered by secondary calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE3437AEFF69EA73089B" box="[168,284,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)). Ovicell initially subimmersed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE3435B0FF69E846089B" box="[694,809,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, e)), later becoming endozooidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE343602FF56EA1A08F4" box="[260,373,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)). Ooecium wider than long; covered with secondary calcification contributed by one to three surrounding zooids and often bearing one or two small tubercles. Proximal face of ooecium with large zone of membranous (non-calcified) ectooecium of variable shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE34350AFEFEE911090C" box="[524,638,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(e, f)), which in cleaned specimens becomes a window of exposed entooecium; exposed entooecium weakly sculptured (pustulated or marginally ribbed); labellum narrow, usually (but not always) complete. Zooids interconnect by uniporous septula in distolateral and transverse walls; septula lead to basal pore chambers bearing stalactite-like denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE34346DFE43E8B50981" box="[875,986,420,444]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-116@113.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="Figure 40. Rhynchozoon scimitar sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d–f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)). Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF763ADCC77CCE3737A6FB62EFEB0D71" pageId="113" pageNumber="253" startId="113.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="113">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77CCE3737A6FB62EFEB0D71" blockId="113.[160,1156,1157,1356]" pageId="113" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77CCE3737A6FB62EA620CA1" bold="true" box="[160,269,1157,1180]" pageId="113" pageNumber="253">Figure 40.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77CCE373613FB62EA820CA1" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[277,493,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="113" pageNumber="253" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77CCE373613FB62EA820CA1" box="[277,493,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="253">Rhynchozoon scimitar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E0B3DC77CCE3736FCFB62E93F0CA1" box="[506,592,1157,1180]" pageId="113" pageNumber="253" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1207 (paratype) (a, b, d
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77CCE3734C4FB62E8A00CA1" box="[962,975,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="253">–</emphasis>
|
||
f), NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype) (c): (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape and aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) orifice; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (d) avicularian mandibles; (e) ovicelled autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and scimitar-like suboral avicularium (top centre); (f) old part of colony, with secondary calcification covering frontal avicularia. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens, except for (d), which shows the specimen before bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 300 µm; c, d = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC77FCE3437A6FDF8E81C0E99" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77FCE3437A6FDF8EA690A04" blockId="114.[160,1156,543,1574]" box="[160,262,543,569]" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE3437A6FDF8EA690A04" bold="true" box="[160,262,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77FCE3437A6FDA4E9F60C5E" blockId="114.[160,1156,543,1574]" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE3437A6FDA4EAF20A66" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[160,413,579,603]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE3437A6FDA4EAF20A66" box="[160,413,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Rhynchozoon scimitar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by the deep, narrow orificial sinus; zooids having either a moderately large, scimitar-like lateral suboral avicularium that is not submerged in the orifice, or a similarly sized diamond-shaped frontal avicularium, but not both; the distinctly irregular margin of the opening of the avicularian rostrum; the large, weakly sculptured entooecial area on the ovicell that is typically opaque white; and the lack of spines. Few other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE343580FD16E8160B34" box="[646,889,753,777]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE343580FD16E8730B34" box="[646,796,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Rhynchozoon</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a similarly deep, narrow orificial sinus. The orifice shape in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE343588FCF4E86C0B16" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[654,771,787,811]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE343588FCF4E86C0B16" box="[654,771,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">R. scimitar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much like that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE3434F1FCF4EA270B73" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="solitarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE3434F1FCF4EFEC0B16" box="[1015,1155,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">R. solitarium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C77FCE3437A6FCD1EA270B73" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[160,328,822,846]" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" refId="ref65725" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C77FCE343548FCD1E87D0B73" box="[590,786,822,846]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
; orifice size is identical in the latter, and the ovicell has a similarly large, pustulated area of exposed entooecium.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE3437A6FC9CEADA0BAE" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,437,891,915]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="solitarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE3437A6FC9CEADA0BAE" box="[160,437,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Rhynchozoon solitarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having hypertrophied suboral avicularia with a spatulate rostrum, and frontal avicularia uncommonly present, with the rostrum broadly rounded proximally rather than diamond shaped.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE343472FC26EA890BC6" authority="Ryland and Hayward, 1992" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ardeolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE343472FC26EFEC0BE4" box="[884,1155,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Rhynchozoon ardeolum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C77FCE3437A6FC04EA890BC6" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[160,486,995,1019]" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64730" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from the Great Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C77FCE3434D8FC04EF2A0BC6" box="[990,1093,995,1019]" name="Australia" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also has a narrow orificial sinus, but this is shallower than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE343438FBE1EF230C23" box="[830,1100,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE343438FBE1E8DC0C23" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[830,947,1030,1054]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar">R. scimitar</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE3434C2FBE1EF230C23" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" box="[964,1100,1030,1054]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ardeolum">R. ardeolum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also has larger condyles and a hypertrophied lateral-suboral avicularium that is very broad proximally, with a narrow mandible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77FCE3437C6FB89EAC90E1B" blockId="114.[160,1156,543,1574]" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">
|
||
One specimen (a fragment measuring 8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C77FCE3435CAFB89E87B0CBB" box="[716,788,1134,1158]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) entirely lacked avicularia and ovicells but was identifiable from the orifice shape. By light microscopy we observed between zooids what appeared to be a raised line of calcification, which upon bleaching and SEM examination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE3436A2FB31E97F0CD3" box="[420,528,1238,1262]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="102.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-75@102.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(e, f)) proved to be a thin layer of gymnocystal calcification secreted around a filamentous epibiont extending throughout the colony in the interzooidal grooves or between zooids (arrowheads,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE343409FAFCE8110D0E" box="[783,894,1307,1331]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="102.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-75@102.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(e, f)), and occasionally emerging to the surface through circular openings (arrows,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE343447FAD9E8C20D6B" box="[833,941,1342,1366]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="102.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-75@102.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(e, f)). This epibiont may be same that affected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE3436DDFA86E99A0D44" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[475,757,1377,1401]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE3436DDFA86E99A0D44" box="[475,757,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Rhynchozoon maculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Remarks for that species, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C77FCE3437A6FA64EA630DA6" box="[160,268,1411,1435]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="102.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-75@102.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(a–d)). As with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE3436BEFA64E93D0DA6" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[440,594,1411,1435]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE3436BEFA64E93D0DA6" box="[440,594,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">R. maculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the epibiont appears to have inhibited avicularium production in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C77FCE34367FFA41EA830D83" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[377,492,1446,1470]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="114" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE34367FFA41EA830D83" box="[377,492,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">R. scimitar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This apparent inhibition raises the question whether the epibiont somehow protects the bryozoan, thus obviating the need of the latter to produce avicularia; alternatively, the epibiont might inhibit avicularium production to avoid damage to itself.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77FCE3437A6F980EA4B0EBC" blockId="114.[160,883,1639,1700]" box="[160,292,1639,1665]" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C77FCE3437A6F980EA4B0EBC" bold="true" box="[160,292,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C77FCE3437A6F96BE81C0E99" blockId="114.[160,883,1639,1700]" box="[160,883,1675,1700]" pageId="114" pageNumber="254">We found five colonies at the SES site, the only known locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |