311 lines
57 KiB
XML
311 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="1BB133D996645C4CABB52EFBB5C91613" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620669881514" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03A0DB42C764CE2B36D7FC32E8090982" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (3 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhynchozoon lunifrons Dick & Grischenko 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="249" masterDocId="FF99A33AC70DCE463706FFE7EB6F083D" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="245" updateTime="1698914151049" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4F3E3710569719090933985352B5AEA0">
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<mods:title id="0D6397B433FF14A3AE19A860CF9AB40B">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="69C92BB2571318B86EBE1F5F32711E1B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E14379AE69A2BD76CB16A22F9B7D21D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6B695B24C6E59861AD8283E6664008C2">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CFFFB5B93C3AF1ECB4B9BA3B3AFE26B4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B41E98DD56092A684C28E69ABD24FEFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="312DEFDC41D32631ECF2FDB512E8F13B">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="303C33289AC30FB07EA3FFAC7D1499E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="160751F95DE277C6FBEC34F7FAD834F7">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A58C169BEACE37820511172EFA9A4986">
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<mods:date id="8B735A4C798DA21C366C744C15DAE218">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="54FB4B1E06E0503AF633ECD0170FD2FD" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="F11D74B770605C9E13B98806F4CEF73B">2016-12-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="62A0A0DA7254CC23B55FD68183FD9602" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="24C600BA6169228123038C2E00A958E0">51</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="19468F2E9D23A8C0A66B40101DF7928A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="25ACD9F4B928F24EBE4CE21122FEE280">3 - 4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="9D5E269444B9FE290BD46187D763D5F7" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="34E0359FE8EEE993B5F1F14CA81302B6">141</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="FC5412AFE6036DD93A2D81BD120BF4EB">
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<mods:url id="07695F26176AAD95CAD26329E4E77EF2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D19E2D900DAABBD96790AF514A21018C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B70D11815E0ED349B30B04DDDED80DA0" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6964A8904AF8F5FE1B65B8C4DD006DB9" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A0DB42C764CE2B36D7FC32E8090982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C764CE2B36D7FC32E8090982" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0DB42C764CE2B36D7FC32E8090982" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC764CE2F36D7FC32E83C0BD3" box="[465,851,981,1006]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F36D7FC32E83C0BD3" blockId="105.[465,851,981,1041]" box="[465,851,981,1006]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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<heading id="D0FEDD38C764CE2F36D7FC32E83C0BD3" box="[465,851,981,1006]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C764CE2F36D7FC32E9830BD3" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[465,748,981,1006]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lunifrons" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C764CE2F36D7FC32E9830BD3" bold="true" box="[465,748,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">Rhynchozoon lunifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E0B3DC764CE2F35F0FC32E83C0BD3" box="[758,851,981,1006]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC764CE2F3518FC1FE86A0C2C" box="[542,773,1016,1041]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F3518FC1FE86A0C2C" blockId="105.[465,851,981,1041]" box="[542,773,1016,1041]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C764CE2F3520FC1FE9CE0C2C" box="[550,673,1016,1041]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="105" pageNumber="245">Figures 37</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C764CE2F35E7FC1FE9910C2C" box="[737,766,1016,1041]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="108.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-308@108.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="Figure 38. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov., precocious form, NSMT-Te 1198: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids showing orifice shape,and presence of one or two oral spines;(c) autozooids at colony margin, with damaged chamber of suboral avicularium indicated by arrowhead;(d) ovicelled autozooids.Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 300 µm." pageId="105" pageNumber="245">38</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC764CE2F37A6FBA4EF350C9E" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F37A6FBA4EA720C60" blockId="105.[160,1155,1091,1187]" box="[160,285,1091,1117]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C764CE2F37A6FBA4EA720C60" bold="true" box="[160,285,1091,1117]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F37A6FB8FEF350C9E" blockId="105.[160,1155,1091,1187]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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The specific name is a noun in apposition combining the Latin
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C764CE2F3485FB8FE8DC0CBD" box="[899,947,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">luna</emphasis>
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(moon) and
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C764CE2F334BFB8FEFEC0CBD" box="[1101,1155,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">frons</emphasis>
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(forehead, brow), referring to the large zone of exposed entooecium on the ovicell.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC764CE2F37A6FB32E88D0D44" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F37A6FB32EAEF0CD2" blockId="105.[160,1156,1237,1401]" box="[160,384,1237,1263]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C764CE2F37A6FB32EAEF0CD2" bold="true" box="[160,384,1237,1263]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F37A6FB1EE88D0D44" blockId="105.[160,1156,1237,1401]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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<materialsCitation id="3B616009C764CE2F37A6FB1EE8F80D2C" box="[160,919,1273,1297]" collectionCode="SES" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54B2D4F6C764CE2F37A6FB1EEA660D2C" box="[160,265,1273,1297]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: NSMT-Te 1195, colony on worn coral fragment,
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C764CE2F343BFB1EE80B0D2C" box="[829,868,1273,1297]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B2D4F6C764CE2F34A5FB1EEF7C0D2C" box="[931,1043,1273,1297]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: NSMT-Te 1196 (
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C764CE2F37E1FAFBEA700D09" box="[231,287,1308,1332]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
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44), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1197 (
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C764CE2F341AFAFBE83B0D09" box="[796,852,1308,1332]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
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8), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1198 (
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C764CE2F3655FAD8EAE40D6A" box="[339,395,1343,1367]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
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46), precocious form, bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1199, dried colony,
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C764CE2F37FFFA86EA4F0D44" box="[249,288,1377,1401]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site;
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C764CE2F3659FA86EAD80D44" box="[351,439,1377,1401]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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2016.5.13.78-80, three dried fragments,
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C764CE2F3483FA86E8C30D44" box="[901,940,1377,1401]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC764CE2D37A6FA4BEB840DF1" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F37A6FA4BEA220DFB" blockId="105.[160,1156,1452,1616]" box="[160,333,1452,1478]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C764CE2F37A6FA4BEA220DFB" bold="true" box="[160,333,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">Measurements</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F37A6FA29EACB0E6D" blockId="105.[160,1156,1452,1616]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C764CE2F37A6FA29EA3B0DD5" bold="true" box="[160,340,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">Common form.</emphasis>
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AzL, 0.40–0.75 (0.540 ± 0.077); AzW, 0.28–0.44 (0.339 ± 0.044) (n = 30, 2). OrL,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F37FDFA14EA580E36" box="[251,311,1523,1547]" degrees="0.112" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="0.112">0.112</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F3631FA14EAEE0E36" box="[311,385,1523,1547]" degrees="0.138" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="-0.138">–0.138</geoCoordinate>
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(0.125 ± 0.008); OrW,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F3580FA14E9AD0E36" box="[646,706,1523,1547]" degrees="0.116" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="0.116">0.116</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F35C4FA14E8640E36" box="[706,779,1523,1547]" degrees="0.144" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="-0.144">–0.144</geoCoordinate>
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(0.128 ± 0.008) (n = 26, 2). OvL,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F37A6F9F1EBB30E13" box="[160,220,1558,1582]" degrees="0.160" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="0.16">0.160</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F37DAF9F2EA490E13" box="[220,294,1557,1582]" degrees="0.213" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="-0.213">–0.213</geoCoordinate>
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(0.185 ± 0.018); OvW,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F3522F9F1E90F0E13" box="[548,608,1558,1582]" degrees="0.197" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="0.197">0.197</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F3566F9F2E9C60E13" box="[608,681,1557,1582]" degrees="0.249" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="-0.249">–0.249</geoCoordinate>
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(0.216 ± 0.015) (n = 11, 2). Largest colony observed 15 ×
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<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C764CE2F364BF9DFEACE0E6D" box="[333,417,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C764CE2F37A6F964EFEB0E82" blockId="105.[160,1156,1667,1727]" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C764CE2F37A6F964EA0B0EA0" bold="true" box="[160,356,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="245">Precocious form.</emphasis>
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AzL, 0.36–0.51 (0.432 ± 0.044); AzW, 0.25–0.37 (0.307 ± 0.034) (n = 15, 1). OrL,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F37FDF940EA580E82" box="[251,311,1703,1727]" degrees="0.101" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="0.101">0.101</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F3631F940EAEE0E82" box="[311,385,1703,1727]" degrees="0.122" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="-0.122">–0.122</geoCoordinate>
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(0.110 ± 0.007); OrW,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F3580F940E9AD0E82" box="[646,706,1703,1727]" degrees="0.102" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="0.102">0.102</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C764CE2F35C4F940E8640E82" box="[706,779,1703,1727]" degrees="0.131" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="105" pageNumber="245" precision="55" value="-0.131">–0.131</geoCoordinate>
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(0.117 ± 0.009) (n = 10, 1). OvL,
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF763ADCC767CE2C37A6FB62E8A90D71" pageId="106" pageNumber="246" startId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="106">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C767CE2C37A6FB62E8A90D71" blockId="106.[160,1156,1157,1356]" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C767CE2C37A6FB62EA660CA1" bold="true" box="[160,265,1157,1180]" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">Figure 37.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C767CE2C3617FB62EA880CA1" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[273,487,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="106" pageNumber="246" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lunifrons" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C767CE2C3617FB62EA880CA1" box="[273,487,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">Rhynchozoon lunifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E0B3DC767CE2C36E8FB62E9530CA1" box="[494,572,1157,1180]" pageId="106" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c
|
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C767CE2C336FFB45EF1A0C84" box="[1129,1141,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">–</emphasis>
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||
f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber, (d) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape, (e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids, showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C767CE2C3440FAD2E83D0D71" box="[838,850,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">–</emphasis>
|
||
f = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C767CE2C37A6FA66EADA0D81" blockId="106.[160,1155,1409,1468]" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C767CE2C37A6FA66EBB30DA4" box="[160,220,1409,1433]" degrees="0.151" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="106" pageNumber="246" precision="55" value="0.151">0.151</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C767CE2C37DAFA66EA490DA4" box="[220,294,1409,1433]" degrees="0.200" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="106" pageNumber="246" precision="55" value="-0.2">–0.200</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.174 ± 0.020); OvW,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C767CE2C3533FA66E91E0DA4" box="[565,625,1409,1433]" degrees="0.185" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="106" pageNumber="246" precision="55" value="0.185">0.185</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D0C93C767CE2C3577FA66E9D40DA4" box="[625,699,1409,1433]" degrees="0.223" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="106" pageNumber="246" precision="55" value="-0.223">–0.223</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.200 ± 0.016) (n = 5, 1). One colony observed, 3.1 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C767CE2C365EFA43EADE0D81" box="[344,433,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="106" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C767CE2C37A6FA1FEA490E2F" blockId="106.[160,1156,1528,1727]" box="[160,294,1528,1554]" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C767CE2C37A6FA1FEA490E2F" bold="true" box="[160,294,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C767CE2D37A6F9FCE8500C8B" blockId="106.[160,1156,1528,1727]" lastBlockId="107.[160,1156,142,1206]" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C767CE2C37A6F9FCEAB60E08" bold="true" box="[160,473,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="246">
|
||
Common form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C767CE2C365AF9FCEAA50E08" box="[348,458,1563,1589]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="106" pageNumber="246">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C767CE2C354FF9FAE9D90E08" box="[585,694,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="106" pageNumber="246">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) forming an encrusting sheet, mostly unilaminar, with occasional small areas of frontally budded zooids comprising a second layer; dried specimens white, with orange embryos. Marginal zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C767CE2C37AEF962EA700EA0" box="[168,287,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="106" pageNumber="246">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(b–d)) distinct, delineated by a groove; oval, irregularly hexagonal or barrel-shaped in outline. Frontal wall of marginal zooids highly convex, inflated, smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D3601FF69EA19089B" box="[263,374,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) or rugose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D3524FF69E9FE089B" box="[546,657,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)), without pseudopores; four to six small, circular areolae along each lateral margin. With increasing calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D34EFFF56EF3508F4" box="[1001,1114,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)), zooidal boundaries become less distinct and areolar openings larger and more irregular, frontal surface develops coarse tubercles, and three to five tapering cylindrical processes develop around proximal peristomial margin. Typically there are three peristomial processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D36ABFEDBE94F0969" box="[429,544,316,340]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)), one in midline and two others paired laterally. Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D365BFEB9EAA0094B" box="[349,463,350,374]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) variable within colony; on average about as broad as long; suboral sinus broadly arcuate between rounded, proximomedially sloping condyles, variable in depth. Orifice beaded with 12–15 denticles around periphery distal to condyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D3646FE21EADB09E3" box="[320,436,454,478]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d)). Most but not all zooids have a suboral avicularium; chamber evident only in marginal zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D3589FE0EE9900A3C" box="[655,767,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(b–d)), slightly larger than area of developing peristome, arising from one or two marginal areolae; abutting peristomial rim on one side or other of midline. Rostrum raised at high angle to frontal plane, pointing frontolaterally; with age, slightly hooked distally; crossbar complete. Mandible long-triangular, lanceolate, decurved towards end, not hooked. With increasing calcification, suboral avicularian rostrum becomes immersed in peristome and not visible in frontal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D3521FD5EE9F40AEC" box="[551,667,697,721]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(e, f)). Frontal avicularia variably present; some colonies lack them, but in other colonies, heavily calcified zooids frequently bear a single frontal avicularium along proximal or lateral margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D34C8FD19EF2E0B2B" box="[974,1089,766,790]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(e, f)); rostrum long-triangular, about same size as that of suboral avicularia or somewhat smaller, raised from frontal plane, directed perpendicular to zooidal margin; crossbar complete. Oral spines lacking. Ovicell initially subimmersed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D347CFC81E8830B43" box="[890,1004,870,894]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) but with age becoming endozooidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D36ECFC6EE9360B9C" box="[490,601,905,929]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)). Entire proximal face of ooecium comprises a large zone of membranous (non-calcified) ectooecium that, in cleaned specimens, is seen as exposed entooecium; labellum usually lacking; if present, quite narrow. In colony NSMT-Te 1197, some maternal zooids have initiated the formation of two ooecia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D37F8FBF4EA1E0C16" box="[254,369,1043,1067]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)), one endozooidal in the usual distal position, the other hyperstomial, lying on colony surface at lateral edge of secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D34F2FBD1EF060C73" box="[1012,1129,1078,1102]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(f), arrowheads). Vertical walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D36ECFBBEE9340C4C" box="[490,603,1113,1137]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="106.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-92@106.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber,(d) marginal autozooids,showing orifice shape,(e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids,showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) low; pore chambers small, at base of wall, each bearing a uniporous septulum; two or three septula in transverse wall, and four or five in each distolateral wall. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C766CE2D37A6FB05EB840DF1" blockId="107.[160,1156,1250,1484]" pageId="107" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C766CE2D37A6FB05EA850CC1" bold="true" box="[160,490,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Precocious form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D366BFB05EAB30CC1" box="[365,476,1250,1276]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="108.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-308@108.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="Figure 38. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov., precocious form, NSMT-Te 1198: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids showing orifice shape,and presence of one or two oral spines;(c) autozooids at colony margin, with damaged chamber of suboral avicularium indicated by arrowhead;(d) ovicelled autozooids.Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 38</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Small, irregularly discoid colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D346DFB03E8B90CC1" box="[875,982,1252,1276]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="108.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-308@108.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="Figure 38. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov., precocious form, NSMT-Te 1198: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids showing orifice shape,and presence of one or two oral spines;(c) autozooids at colony margin, with damaged chamber of suboral avicularium indicated by arrowhead;(d) ovicelled autozooids.Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 38</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)); precocious, with fully developed ovicells starting in second daughter-zooid generation from ancestrula. Morphology as described above, except zooids smaller; young marginal zooids often bear one or two ephemeral distal oral spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D341DFAABE8E10D59" box="[795,910,1356,1380]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="108.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-308@108.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="Figure 38. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov., precocious form, NSMT-Te 1198: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids showing orifice shape,and presence of one or two oral spines;(c) autozooids at colony margin, with damaged chamber of suboral avicularium indicated by arrowhead;(d) ovicelled autozooids.Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 38</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)); frontal avicularia lacking; suboral avicularia rare, with only one zooid bearing a small, broken chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D37A1FA76EA7C0D94" box="[167,275,1425,1449]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="108.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-308@108.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="Figure 38. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov., precocious form, NSMT-Te 1198: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids showing orifice shape,and presence of one or two oral spines;(c) autozooids at colony margin, with damaged chamber of suboral avicularium indicated by arrowhead;(d) ovicelled autozooids.Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 38</figureCitation>
|
||
(c), arrowhead). Mature, ovicelled zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133276D1C766CE2D35E3FA76E83E0D94" box="[741,849,1425,1449]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="108.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-308@108.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="Figure 38. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov., precocious form, NSMT-Te 1198: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids showing orifice shape,and presence of one or two oral spines;(c) autozooids at colony margin, with damaged chamber of suboral avicularium indicated by arrowhead;(d) ovicelled autozooids.Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 300 µm." pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Figure 38</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) as in the common form above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC766CE2B37A6FA1FE8090982" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="107" pageNumber="247" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C766CE2D37A6FA1FEA690E2F" blockId="107.[160,1156,1528,1727]" box="[160,262,1528,1554]" pageId="107" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C766CE2D37A6FA1FEA690E2F" bold="true" box="[160,262,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C766CE2A37A6F9FAEF220E0F" blockId="107.[160,1156,1528,1727]" lastBlockId="108.[160,1156,1007,1724]" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="107" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Young zooids in the one or two generations inside the marginal row in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C766CE2D34F6F9FAEB900E6A" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="107" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lunifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C766CE2D34F6F9FAEB900E6A" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="247">Rhynchozoon lunifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble zooids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C766CE2D36E3F9D8E8730E6A" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[485,796,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="107" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tristelidion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C766CE2D36E3F9D8E91C0E6A" box="[485,627,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="247">R. tristelidion</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C766CE2D357DF9D8E8730E6A" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[635,796,1599,1623]" pageId="107" pageNumber="247" refId="ref65725" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having a uniformly dimpled frontal surface and three distally directed conical processes arising from the peristomial margin; the size of the chamber of the suboral avicularium and the shape and direction of the rostrum are also similar between the two species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C766CE2D3447F940E8820E82" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[833,1005,1703,1727]" pageId="107" pageNumber="247" refId="ref65725" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C766CE2A3376F940EA7D0C3A" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="248" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="107" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tristelidion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C766CE2A3376F940EA7D0C3A" italics="true" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="107" pageNumber="247">R. tristelidion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C761CE2A3682FC08E9520C3A" box="[388,573,1007,1031]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(presently the only known locality for that species) on the basis of four colonies, all of which were young, lacking secondary frontal calcification and key diagnostic characters such as frontal avicularia (if they typically occur) and ovicells.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A3687FBB0E9E10C52" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[385,654,1111,1135]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tristelidion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A3687FBB0E9E10C52" box="[385,654,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">Rhynchozoon tristelidion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be similar in growth form to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A331EFBB0EAEA0CAF" authority="Gordon, 2009" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="2009" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A331EFBB0EB8C0CAF" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">R. zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C761CE2A37EDFB9DEAEA0CAF" author="Gordon DP" box="[235,389,1146,1170]" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" pagination="39 - 60" refId="ref61667" refString="Gordon DP. 2009. New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait. Zootaxa. 1987: 39 - 60." type="journal article" year="2009">Gordon, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another species with zooids having three peristomial processes. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A37A6FB7BEA270C89" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="2009" box="[160,328,1180,1204]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A37A6FB7BEA270C89" box="[160,328,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">R. zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, colonies produce an extensive, unilaminar basal layer in which zooids lack secondary calcification, ovicells or frontal avicularia; mature zooids showing these characters develop in a zone of frontal budding in the centre of the colony (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C761CE2A332BFB06EBB80D21" author="Gordon DP" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" pagination="39 - 60" refId="ref61667" refString="Gordon DP. 2009. New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait. Zootaxa. 1987: 39 - 60." type="journal article" year="2009">Gordon 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 49, fig. 22). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A36ADFAE3E9480D21" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[427,551,1284,1308]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lunifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A36ADFAE3E9480D21" box="[427,551,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">R. lunifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, zooids inside the growing edge rapidly accumulate secondary calcification; the frontal wall becomes more heavily tuberculate, and the peristomial processes become thicker, rougher, and more digitiform than conical. The orifice in our specimens is about as long (including the sinus) as broad (broader than long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A37F3FA68EAED0D9A" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[245,386,1423,1447]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tristelidion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A37F3FA68EAED0D9A" box="[245,386,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">R. tristelidion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the orificial sinus varies in depth, from broad and shallow as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A37A6FA55EA420DF7" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,301,1458,1482]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tristelidion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A37A6FA55EA420DF7" box="[160,301,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">R. tristelidion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to narrower and deeper. While the different pattern of astogenetic change suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A3639FA33EAD60DD1" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[319,441,1492,1516]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lunifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A3639FA33EAD60DD1" box="[319,441,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">R. lunifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a different species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A35EDFA33E8170DD1" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[747,888,1492,1516]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tristelidion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A35EDFA33E8170DD1" box="[747,888,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">R. tristelidion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the possibility remains that the former represents mature colonies of the latter; resolving this question will require examination of mature colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A358CF9FDE8760E0F" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[650,793,1562,1586]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tristelidion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A358CF9FDE8760E0F" box="[650,793,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">R. tristelidion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C761CE2A348BF9FDEF260E0F" box="[909,1097,1562,1586]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF763ADCC761CE2A37A6FCDAEF000B91" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" startId="108.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="108">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C761CE2A37A6FCDAEF000B91" blockId="108.[160,1157,829,940]" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A37A6FCDAEA660B69" bold="true" box="[160,265,829,852]" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">Figure 38.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C761CE2A3617FCDAEA8D0B69" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[273,482,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lunifrons" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A3617FCDAEA8D0B69" box="[273,482,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">Rhynchozoon lunifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E0B3DC761CE2A36EEFCDAE95B0B69" box="[488,564,829,852]" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, precocious form, NSMT-Te 1198: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids showing orifice shape, and presence of one or two oral spines; (c) autozooids at colony margin, with damaged chamber of suboral avicularium indicated by arrowhead; (d) ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of a bleached specimen. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C761CE2A34EAFC72E8970B91" box="[1004,1016,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">–</emphasis>
|
||
d = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C761CE2B37C6F9DBEAFC0969" blockId="108.[160,1156,1007,1724]" lastBlockId="109.[160,1156,142,340]" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="108" pageNumber="248">
|
||
We found one colony of what we term the ‘precocious form’ of this species, at the same locality as the common form. Zooid and ovicell morphology are quite similar; the precocious form differs from the common form in having smaller values for all characters measured, and in producing ephemeral oral spines on marginal zooids.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C761CE2A34CEF943EFEB0E81" author="Ostrovsky AN" box="[968,1156,1700,1724]" pageId="108" pageNumber="248" pagination="287 - 318" refId="ref64188" refString="Ostrovsky AN. 1998. Comparative studies of ovicell anatomy and reproductive patterns in Cribrilina annulata and Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). Acta Zool-Stockholm. 79: 287 - 318." type="journal article" year="1998">Ostrovsky (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has described the development of ovicells in small colonies consisting of a few zooids among cribrimorph species that typically produce larger colonies, and so the precocious form might simply represent an early astogenetic stage of the common form, with marginal zooids in larger colonies ceasing to produce oral spines, and older zooids in the colony interior beginning to produce frontal avicularia. More material is necessary to resolve this question.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C760CE2B37A6FE64EA4B09A0" blockId="109.[160,870,387,447]" box="[160,292,387,413]" pageId="109" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C760CE2B37A6FE64EA4B09A0" bold="true" box="[160,292,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="249">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C760CE2B37A6FE40E8090982" blockId="109.[160,870,387,447]" box="[160,870,423,447]" pageId="109" pageNumber="249">We found 11 colonies at the SES site, the only known locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |