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<document id="CC811C6D27DF84842440A4D339AABFC9" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620669881514" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. &amp; Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03A0DB42C744CE0A36A0FC32EA3F090F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (3 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hippopodina iririkiensis Tilbrook 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="216" masterDocId="FF99A33AC70DCE463706FFE7EB6F083D" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="213" updateTime="1698914151049" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B3206E6B83E578E3DC1415FE70C9A8CF">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE92DE5C9C37E6B3F26778900E136A7D">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6E9C12B11501814AA294B0D44CA8921">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F36A0FC32E8120BD3" blockId="73.[422,893,981,1041]" box="[422,893,981,1006]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
<heading id="D0FEDD38C744CE0F36A0FC32E8120BD3" box="[422,893,981,1006]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C744CE0F36A0FC32E8120BD3" ID-CoL="3M2G6" authority="Tilbrook, 1999" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="1999" box="[422,893,981,1006]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Hippopodina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="iririkiensis">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C744CE0F36A0FC32E9A30BD3" bold="true" box="[422,716,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">Hippopodina iririkiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C744CE0F35D3FC32E8120BD3" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[725,893,981,1006]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" pagination="449 - 456" refId="ref65658" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 1999. Description of Hippopodina feegeensis and three other species of Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). J Zool Soc Lond. 247: 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1999">Tilbrook, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC744CE0F3532FC1FE9800C2C" box="[564,751,1016,1041]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F3532FC1FE9800C2C" blockId="73.[422,893,981,1041]" box="[564,751,1016,1041]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
(
<figureCitation id="133276D1C744CE0F353AFC1FE9C00C2C" box="[572,687,1016,1041]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="72.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-219@72.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 24. (a, b) Hippopodina adunca Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1137: (a), view of colony; note small relative size of zooids in overgrowing Puellina harmeri colony at upper right; (b) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; note unusual presence of avicularium on ovicelled zooids. (c, d) Hippopodina iririkiensis Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1141: (c) view of colony; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 1.0 mm; b, d = 500 µm." pageId="73" pageNumber="213">Figure 24</figureCitation>
(c, d))
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC744CE0F37A6FBCAE97E0CB7" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F37A6FBCAE8520C78" blockId="73.[160,1155,1069,1162]" box="[160,829,1069,1093]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB194D7AC744CE0F37A6FBCAE8520C78" box="[160,829,1069,1093]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA84C45C744CE0F37A6FBCAE9CE0C78" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[160,673,1069,1093]" page="454" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C744CE0F37A6FBCAE9CE0C78" ID-CoL="3M2G6" authority="Tilbrook, 1999, p. 454" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="454" authorityYear="1999" box="[160,673,1069,1093]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Hippopodina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="iririkiensis">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C744CE0F37A6FBCAEACF0C78" box="[160,416,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">Hippopodina iririkiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C744CE0F36AEFBCAE9260C78" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[424,585,1069,1093]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" pagination="449 - 456" refId="ref65658" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 1999. Description of Hippopodina feegeensis and three other species of Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). J Zool Soc Lond. 247: 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1999">Tilbrook, 1999</bibRefCitation>
, p. 454
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 2(a, c, e).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F37A6FBB7E97E0CB7" blockId="73.[160,1155,1069,1162]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB194D7AC744CE0F37A6FBB7E97E0CB7" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA84C45C744CE0F37A6FBB7E9BD0C55" author="Tilbrook KJ &amp; Hayward PJ &amp; Gordon DP" box="[160,722,1104,1128]" page="90" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" year="2001">
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C744CE0F37A6FBB7E9BD0C55" ID-CoL="3M2G6" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 90" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,722,1104,1128]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Hippopodina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="iririkiensis">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C744CE0F37A6FBB7EAF00C55" box="[160,415,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">Hippopodina iririkiensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C744CE0F36A8FBB7E9E60C55" author="Tilbrook KJ &amp; Hayward PJ &amp; Gordon DP" box="[430,649,1104,1128]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65861" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
, p. 90
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 18(b).
<treatmentCitation id="0AA84C45C744CE0F3456FBB7EF270C55" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[848,1096,1104,1128]" page="245" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C744CE0F3456FBB7E89E0C55" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[848,1009,1104,1128]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" refId="ref65725" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
, p. 245
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0AA84C45C744CE0F3355FBB7EAF30CB7" author="Dick MH &amp; Tilbrook KJ &amp; Mawatari SF" page="2229" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C744CE0F3355FBB7EA580CB7" author="Dick MH &amp; Tilbrook KJ &amp; Mawatari SF" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61420" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
, p. 2229
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 11(a).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC744CE0F37A6FB5EE9C70D06" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F37A6FB5EEAEF0CEE" blockId="73.[160,1156,1209,1339]" box="[160,384,1209,1235]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C744CE0F37A6FB5EEAEF0CEE" bold="true" box="[160,384,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F37A6FB39E9C70D06" blockId="73.[160,1156,1209,1339]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
NSMT-Te 1141 (REEF-1), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1142, dried colony with ancestrular complex,
<collectionCode id="ED18F291C744CE0F36A4FAE7EAB70D25" box="[418,472,1280,1304]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">REEF</collectionCode>
site; NSMT-Te 1143, seven dried specimens,
<collectionCode id="ED18F291C744CE0F3316FAE7EF290D25" box="[1040,1094,1280,1304]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">REEF</collectionCode>
site; NSMT-Te 1144, five dried specimens,
<collectionCode id="ED18F291C744CE0F354DFAC4E91D0D06" box="[587,626,1315,1339]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
site.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC744CE0C37A6FA8DEB9E09E3" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F37A6FA8DEA220DB9" blockId="73.[160,1156,1386,1516]" box="[160,333,1386,1412]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C744CE0F37A6FA8DEA220DB9" bold="true" box="[160,333,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">Measurements</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F37A6FA69EF3A0DD1" blockId="73.[160,1156,1386,1516]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
AzL, 0.821.03 (0.925 ± 0.071); AzW, 0.570.83 (0.711 ± 0.069) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.190.26 (0.229 ± 0.018); OrW, 0.190.24 (0.218 ± 0.014) (n = 15, 1). OvL, 0.570.70 (0.637 ± 0.044); OvW, 0.460.60 (0.534 ± 0.044) (n = 7, 1). Largest fragment observed, 30 ×
<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C744CE0F34F8FA33EF3D0DD1" box="[1022,1106,1492,1516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="73" pageNumber="213" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0F37A6F9FCEA490E08" blockId="73.[160,1156,1563,1727]" box="[160,294,1563,1589]" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C744CE0F37A6F9FCEA490E08" bold="true" box="[160,294,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C744CE0C37A6F9D8EB9E09E3" blockId="73.[160,1156,1563,1727]" lastBlockId="74.[160,1156,142,478]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="73" pageNumber="213">
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet, sometimes covering extensive areas; light tan in colour. Zooids (
<figureCitation id="133276D1C744CE0F36F8F985E91C0E47" box="[510,627,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="72.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-219@72.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 24. (a, b) Hippopodina adunca Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1137: (a), view of colony; note small relative size of zooids in overgrowing Puellina harmeri colony at upper right; (b) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; note unusual presence of avicularium on ovicelled zooids. (c, d) Hippopodina iririkiensis Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1141: (c) view of colony; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 1.0 mm; b, d = 500 µm." pageId="73" pageNumber="213">Figure 24</figureCitation>
(c)) large, distinct, delineated by a groove. Frontal wall convex, finely granulated, covered with numerous tiny, closely spaced pseudopores. Orifice keyhole shaped; short, wide poster separated from anter by conspicuous condyles; proximal margin concave. Orifice surrounded by low, raised rim. Primary orifice weakly dimorphic; generally wider in ovicelled (evident in zooids with developing ooecia) than in non-ovicelled zooids. Avicularia adventitious, lateral to the orifice; crossbar complete; mandible long-triangular; directed distomedially or sometimes distally; tip of rostrum not reaching zooidal midline. Avicularium lacking in most zooids, single in a few zooids; paired in only one among hundreds of zooids in several colonies. Ovicell (
<figureCitation id="133276D1C747CE0C36EBFEB9E90F094B" box="[493,608,350,374]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="72.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-219@72.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 24. (a, b) Hippopodina adunca Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1137: (a), view of colony; note small relative size of zooids in overgrowing Puellina harmeri colony at upper right; (b) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; note unusual presence of avicularium on ovicelled zooids. (c, d) Hippopodina iririkiensis Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1141: (c) view of colony; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 1.0 mm; b, d = 500 µm." pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Figure 24</figureCitation>
(d)) hyperstomial, globose, longer than broad, closed by operculum; ooecium completely covered with small, closely spaced, infundibular pseudopores. Ancestrular complex (one observed) consists of triad of primary zooids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC747CE0C37A6FDE9E98E0CA4" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FDE9EA690A15" blockId="74.[160,1156,526,725]" box="[160,262,526,552]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C37A6FDE9EA690A15" bold="true" box="[160,262,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FDD5E86B0AE8" blockId="74.[160,1156,526,725]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
Avicularium frequency appears to vary among populations.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C3446FDD5E88E0A77" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[832,993,562,586]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="449 - 456" refId="ref65658" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 1999. Description of Hippopodina feegeensis and three other species of Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). J Zool Soc Lond. 247: 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1999">Tilbrook (1999</bibRefCitation>
, p. 454) noted for specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C747CE0C3681FDB2EA880A50" box="[391,487,597,621]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
, adventitious avicularia often paired, sometimes single or lacking.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C3602FD9FEAA70AAD" author="Dick MH &amp; Tilbrook KJ &amp; Mawatari SF" box="[260,456,632,656]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61420" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
found the converse on Hawaii Island, where avicularia were usually single but sometimes paired. Among our specimens from Okinawa, most zooids lack an avicularium; when present, it is usually single.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FCE2EA4B0B22" blockId="74.[160,1156,773,1041]" box="[160,292,773,799]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C37A6FCE2EA4B0B22" bold="true" box="[160,292,773,799]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Occurrence</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FCCEEADB0C2C" blockId="74.[160,1156,773,1041]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C747CE0C37A6FCCEEACF0B7C" box="[160,416,809,833]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Hippopodina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="iririkiensis">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C37A6FCCEEACF0B7C" box="[160,416,809,833]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Hippopodina iririkiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was common at both the SES site, where it co-occurred with
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C747CE0C336BFCCEEB9E0B59" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Hippopodina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="adunca">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C336BFCCEEB9E0B59" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">H. adunca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the REEF site, where it did not (
<tableCitation id="C68B5FEFC747CE0C3597FCABE98C0B59" box="[657,739,844,868]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. Relative abundance, local occurrence and status in Japan for rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoan species detected in west-central Okinawa, Japan." pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Table 1</tableCitation>
). This species is widely distributed in the subtropical to tropical Indo-Pacific, with records from
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C747CE0C342BFC88E8F70BBA" box="[813,920,879,903]" name="Mauritius" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C747CE0C34A4FC88EF7E0BBA" box="[930,1041,879,903]" name="Indonesia" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C747CE0C331AFC88EFEF0BBA" box="[1052,1152,879,903]" name="Australia" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C747CE0C37A6FC76EA600B94" box="[160,271,913,937]" name="Indonesia" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C747CE0C3643FC76EAAF0B94" box="[325,448,913,937]" name="Philippines" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C747CE0C36FEFC76E9390B94" box="[504,598,913,937]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C3564FC76E9920B94" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[610,765,913,937]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="449 - 456" refId="ref65658" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 1999. Description of Hippopodina feegeensis and three other species of Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). J Zool Soc Lond. 247: 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1999">Tilbrook 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C340CFC76E8B00B94" author="Tilbrook KJ &amp; Hayward PJ &amp; Gordon DP" box="[778,991,913,937]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65861" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
); the
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C747CE0C3319FC76EB830BF1" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C37F8FC53EAF20BF1" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[254,413,948,972]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" refId="ref65725" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
); and Hawaii (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C354EFC53E86C0BF1" author="Dick MH &amp; Tilbrook KJ &amp; Mawatari SF" box="[584,771,948,972]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61420" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
). It also appears to occur in the Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C3653FC30EA9C0BD2" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[341,499,983,1007]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="449 - 456" refId="ref65658" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 1999. Description of Hippopodina feegeensis and three other species of Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). J Zool Soc Lond. 247: 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1999">Tilbrook 1999</bibRefCitation>
), where it may have been introduced from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C36E0FBDCE8320C69" blockId="74.[320,995,1083,1177]" box="[486,861,1083,1108]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C747CE0C353FFBDCE8320C69" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[569,861,1083,1108]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C353FFBDCE9DB0C69" bold="true" box="[569,692,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Thornelya</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C35BBFBDCE8320C69" author="Harmer SF" box="[701,861,1083,1108]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62247" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C3646FBB9E88C0C4A" blockId="74.[320,995,1083,1177]" box="[320,995,1118,1143]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C747CE0C3646FBB9E88C0C4A" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityYear="2001" box="[320,995,1118,1143]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fuscina">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C3646FBB9E9730C4A" bold="true" box="[320,540,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Thornelya fuscina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C3523FBB9E88C0C4A" author="Tilbrook KJ &amp; Hayward PJ &amp; Gordon DP" box="[549,995,1118,1143]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65861" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C3545FB67E98E0CA4" blockId="74.[320,995,1083,1177]" box="[579,737,1152,1177]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
(
<figureCitation id="133276D1C747CE0C354DFB67E9D30CA4" box="[587,700,1152,1177]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="75.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-223@75.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 25. (a) Thornelya fuscina Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, NSMT-Te 1145: autozooids. (b) Thornelya perarmata Harmer, NSMT-Te 1146: autozooids; arrows and arrowheads indicate two types of adventitious avicularia (see the text). (c, d) Gigantopora pupa (Jullien), NSMT-Te 1147: (c) colony view, showing ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, minute oral spine); (d) orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 300 µm; c = 1.0 mm; d = 200 µm." pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Figure 25</figureCitation>
(a))
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC747CE0C37A6FB52E9B30CCD" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FB52E8B10CF0" blockId="74.[160,990,1205,1264]" box="[160,990,1205,1229]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB194D7AC747CE0C37A6FB52E8B10CF0" box="[160,990,1205,1229]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA84C45C747CE0C37A6FB52E8320CF0" author="Tilbrook KJ &amp; Hayward PJ &amp; Gordon DP" box="[160,861,1205,1229]" page="90" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" year="2001">
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C747CE0C37A6FB52E8320CF0" ID-CoL="56KVG" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001, p. 90" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,861,1205,1229]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fuscina">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C37A6FB52EA0E0CF0" box="[160,353,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Thornelya fuscina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C366CFB52E87C0CF0" author="Tilbrook KJ &amp; Hayward PJ &amp; Gordon DP" box="[362,787,1205,1229]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65861" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001</bibRefCitation>
, p. 90
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig.17(e, f).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FB3FE9B30CCD" blockId="74.[160,990,1205,1264]" box="[160,732,1240,1264]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB194D7AC747CE0C37A6FB3FE9B30CCD" box="[160,732,1240,1264]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA84C45C747CE0C37A6FB3FE90D0CCD" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[160,610,1240,1264]" page="249" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" year="2006">
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C747CE0C37A6FB3FE90D0CCD" ID-CoL="56KVG" authority=": Tilbrook 2006, p. 249" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,610,1240,1264]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fuscina">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C37A6FB3FEA0E0CCD" box="[160,353,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Thornelya fuscina</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C747CE0C3676FB3FE9640CCD" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[368,523,1240,1264]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" refId="ref65725" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
, p. 249
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 54E, F.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC747CE0C37A6FAC7E9AE0D61" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FAC7EAEF0D07" blockId="74.[160,705,1312,1372]" box="[160,384,1312,1338]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C37A6FAC7EAEF0D07" bold="true" box="[160,384,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FAA3E9AE0D61" blockId="74.[160,705,1312,1372]" box="[160,705,1348,1372]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
NSMT-Te 1145 (
<collectionCode id="ED18F291C747CE0C3654FAA3EAE20D61" box="[338,397,1348,1372]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
11), bleached, on SEM stub.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC747CE0D37A6FA6BE86F0D33" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="74" pageNumber="214" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FA6BEA220D9B" blockId="74.[160,1156,1420,1515]" box="[160,333,1420,1446]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C37A6FA6BEA220D9B" bold="true" box="[160,333,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Measurements</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6FA57E8560DD6" blockId="74.[160,1156,1420,1515]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">AzL, 0.420.64 (0.534 ± 0.077); AzW, 0.280.48 (0.388 ± 0.060) (n = 12, 1). OrL, 0.150.17 (0.162 ± 0.004); OrW, 0.130.14 (0.129 ± 0.004) (n = 12, 1).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0C37A6F9FCEA490E08" blockId="74.[160,1156,1563,1727]" box="[160,294,1563,1589]" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C747CE0C37A6F9FCEA490E08" bold="true" box="[160,294,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C747CE0D37A6F9D8E86F0D33" blockId="74.[160,1156,1563,1727]" lastBlockId="75.[160,1156,1061,1294]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="74" pageNumber="214">Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; our specimen small, comprising about 40 zooids. Zooids distinct; frontal wall convex, tumid; weakly rugose, covered by numerous circular, sometimes infundibular pseudopores, except in raised zone around orifice; around eight usually slit-like but sometimes round areolae along each lateral margin. Primary orifice not immersed; longer than broad; condyles conspicuous, rounded, directed proximomedially; poster broadly concave. Marginal zooids have two (39%), three (54%) or four (7%) small, ephemeral tubular distal spines (n = 28). Avicularia adventitious; small, paired, in distolateral corners of zooid, lateral to orifice; chamber raised, bearing small pseudopore at proximal end. Rostrum raised distally; mandible longtriangular, acute, directed distomedially or sometimes medially; crossbar complete. No complete ovicells observed. Ancestrula not observed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF763ADCC746CE0D37A6FCDAEF5D0BF7" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" startId="75.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="75">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C746CE0D37A6FCDAEF5D0BF7" blockId="75.[160,1155,829,970]" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C746CE0D37A6FCDAEA670B69" bold="true" box="[160,264,829,852]" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Figure 25.</emphasis>
(a)
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C746CE0D3628FCDAE9930B69" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityYear="2001" box="[302,764,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fuscina">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C746CE0D3628FCDAEAA10B69" box="[302,462,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Thornelya fuscina</emphasis>
Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon
</taxonomicName>
, NSMT-Te 1145: autozooids. (b)
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C746CE0D332FFCDAEA3F0B4F" authority="Harmer" authorityName="Harmer" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perarmata">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C746CE0D332FFCDAEA6E0B4F" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Thornelya perarmata</emphasis>
Harmer
</taxonomicName>
, NSMT-Te 1146: autozooids; arrows and arrowheads indicate two types of adventitious avicularia (see the text). (c, d)
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C746CE0D36B2FC9FE9C40BB2" authority="(Jullien)" baseAuthorityName="Jullien" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[436,683,888,911]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Gigantopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pupa">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C746CE0D36B2FC9FE9340BB2" box="[436,603,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Gigantopora pupa</emphasis>
(Jullien)
</taxonomicName>
, NSMT-Te 1147: (c) colony view, showing ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, minute oral spine); (d) orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 300 µm; c = 1.0 mm; d = 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC746CE0A37A6FAACEA3F090F" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="216" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C746CE0D37A6FAACEA690D58" blockId="75.[160,1156,1355,1727]" box="[160,262,1355,1381]" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C746CE0D37A6FAACEA690D58" bold="true" box="[160,262,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C746CE0D37A6FA88E8E80E82" blockId="75.[160,1156,1355,1727]" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">
This species has small, usually paired lateral-oral avicularia and relatively few oral spines. According to other descriptions, the ovicell is hyperstomial; the ooecium is globose, slightly broader than long, similar in texture to the frontal wall, with small pseudopores over the entire surface, and closed by the maternal operculum.
<materialsCitation id="3B616009C746CE0D34A5FA30E8660E6A" country="Vanuatu" location="Vanuatu" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1">
<typeStatus id="54B2D4F6C746CE0D34A5FA30E8B60DD2" box="[931,985,1495,1519]" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
material from
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C746CE0D37A6FA1DEB910E2F" box="[160,254,1530,1554]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C746CE0D360BFA1DEA830E2F" author="Tilbrook KJ &amp; Hayward PJ &amp; Gordon DP" box="[269,492,1530,1554]" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65861" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
) differs from our specimen in having three or four rather than two to four oral spines, and some zooids have a third, median avicularium associated with the orifice, which we did not observe
</materialsCitation>
. Some zooids in specimens from the
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C746CE0D37D7F985EAE20E47" box="[209,397,1634,1658]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
have one of the lateral-oral avicularia markedly larger than the other (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C746CE0D37EBF962EAE20EA0" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[237,397,1669,1693]" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" refId="ref65725" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
), which we also did not observe. For a discussion of differences among species in
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C746CE0D3676F940EAB40E82" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[368,475,1703,1727]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C746CE0D3676F940EAB40E82" box="[368,475,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Thornelya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<emphasis id="B97DB646C746CE0D351EF940E91B0E82" box="[536,628,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">Remarks</emphasis>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C746CE0D35A3F940E85C0E82" box="[677,819,1703,1727]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="215" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perarmata">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C746CE0D35A3F940E85C0E82" box="[677,819,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="215">T. perarmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C741CE0A37A6FF6AEA4B089A" blockId="76.[160,1155,141,306]" box="[160,292,141,167]" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C741CE0A37A6FF6AEA4B089A" bold="true" box="[160,292,141,167]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">Occurrence</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C741CE0A37A6FF55EA3F090F" blockId="76.[160,1155,141,306]" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">
We found a single colony at the SES site.
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C741CE0A3582FF55E82908F7" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityYear="2001" box="[644,838,178,202]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippopodinidae" genus="Thornelya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="76" pageNumber="216" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fuscina">
<emphasis id="B97DB646C741CE0A3582FF55E82908F7" box="[644,838,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">Thornelya fuscina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in the subtropical to tropical Indo-West Pacific, previously reported from
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C741CE0A348CFF33E89E08D1" box="[906,1009,212,236]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, New
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C741CE0A3332FF33EFEC08D1" box="[1076,1155,212,236]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">Guinea</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C741CE0A37A0FF10EB8D0932" box="[166,226,247,271]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="76" pageNumber="216" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</quantity>
),
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C741CE0A37F3FF10EA2F0932" box="[245,320,247,271]" name="Tuvalu" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">Tuvalu</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C741CE0A364BFF10EAF90932" box="[333,406,247,271]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="76" pageNumber="216" unit="m" value="146.0">146 m</quantity>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C741CE0A36D1FF10E95A0932" box="[471,565,247,271]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C741CE0A3544FF10E8740932" author="Tilbrook KJ &amp; Hayward PJ &amp; Gordon DP" box="[578,795,247,271]" pageId="76" pageNumber="216" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65861" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
), and from the
<collectingCountry id="F31E2AC4C741CE0A34CDFF10EFEC0932" box="[971,1155,247,271]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="76" pageNumber="216">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C741CE0A37A0FEFDEA2C090F" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[166,323,282,306]" pageId="76" pageNumber="216" refId="ref65725" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>