222 lines
30 KiB
XML
222 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="4CA5CE5C84E9834ED63346B7A5A72BDA" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620669881514" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (3 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="196" masterDocId="FF99A33AC70DCE463706FFE7EB6F083D" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="194" updateTime="1698914151049" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E8E7B81C2DA3550E531B921130A17424">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A6CBA280E3D2C9331818DC499DB03AD6">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEB2265C105B888832143B0BC1CA76E3">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="09EC55DE6DD5955DF55C648C622DECB8">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B95E671CEFE02C8BFE53C5B89B2119AE">
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<mods:date id="AB8C98D0710BE10E387103BCE37891D8">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="828DAD8CD8649E36671009A58ABE21E2">2016-12-09</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4746784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4746784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC73BCE70366CFC03E8D60BC0" box="[362,953,996,1021]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE70366CFC03E8D60BC0" blockId="54.[362,953,996,1055]" box="[362,953,996,1021]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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<heading id="D0FEDD38C73BCE70366CFC03E8D60BC0" box="[362,953,996,1021]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C73BCE70366CFC03E8D60BC0" ID-CoL="6TQG9" authority="Soule and Soule, 1973" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[362,953,996,1021]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C73BCE70366CFC03E9C90BC0" bold="true" box="[362,678,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C73BCE7035A9FC03E8D60BC0" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[687,953,996,1021]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65178" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31339DFC73BCE703557FBE1E9BD0C22" box="[593,722,1030,1055]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE703557FBE1E9BD0C22" blockId="54.[362,953,996,1055]" box="[593,722,1030,1055]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C73BCE70355FFBE1E9A50C22" box="[601,714,1030,1055]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="55.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-277@55.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." pageId="54" pageNumber="194">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC73BCE7037A6FBADE8FB0C5F" box="[160,916,1098,1122]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE7037A6FBADE8FB0C5F" blockId="54.[160,916,1098,1122]" box="[160,916,1098,1122]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB194D7AC73BCE7037A6FBADE8FB0C5F" box="[160,916,1098,1122]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA84C45C73BCE7037A6FBADE87A0C5F" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[160,789,1098,1122]" page="385" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" year="1973">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C73BCE7037A6FBADE87A0C5F" ID-CoL="6TQG9" authority="Soule and Soule, 1973, p. 385" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityPageNumber="385" authorityYear="1973" box="[160,789,1098,1122]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C73BCE7037A6FBADEAD90C5F" box="[160,438,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C73BCE7036B9FBADE9D20C5F" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[447,701,1098,1122]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65178" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 385
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 3(a–c).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC73BCE7037A6FB74EF390D28" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE7037A6FB74EAEF0C90" blockId="54.[160,1156,1171,1301]" box="[160,384,1171,1197]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C73BCE7037A6FB74EAEF0C90" bold="true" box="[160,384,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE7037A6FB50EF390D28" blockId="54.[160,1156,1171,1301]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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NSMT-Te 1103 (
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C73BCE70365EFB50EAFC0CF2" box="[344,403,1207,1231]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
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12), bleached, on SEM stub (with
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<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C73BCE703427FB50EF680CF2" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[801,1031,1207,1231]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latesco">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C73BCE703427FB50EF680CF2" box="[801,1031,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">Bryopesanser latesco</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); NSMT-Te 1104 (
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C73BCE7037E0FB3DEA4E0CCF" box="[230,289,1242,1266]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
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17), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1105 (REEF-7), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1106, dried specimen,
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C73BCE703509FB1AE9530D28" box="[527,572,1277,1301]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
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site; NSMT-Te 1107, dried specimen,
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<collectionCode id="ED18F291C73BCE7034ECFB1AEF4F0D28" box="[1002,1056,1277,1301]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">REEF</collectionCode>
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site.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC73BCE7E37A6FAA2E85208F4" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE7037A6FAA2EA220D62" blockId="54.[160,1156,1349,1549]" box="[160,333,1349,1375]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C73BCE7037A6FAA2EA220D62" bold="true" box="[160,333,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">Measurements</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE7037A6FA8DEB830E30" blockId="54.[160,1156,1349,1549]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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AzL, 0.33–0.46 (0.397 ± 0.038); AzW, 0.21–0.35 (0.279 ± 0.038) (n = 15, 2). SecOrL (including sinus), 0.09–0.12 (0.102 ± 0.008); SecOrW, 0.09–0.11 (0.099 ± 0.005) (n = 15, 2). OvL, 0.17–0.20 (0.183 ± 0.010); OvW, 0.17–0.22 (0.191 ± 0.014) (n = 11, 2). Longest AvRosL per zooid, 0.06–0.11 (0.081 ± 0.014) (n = 16, 2). Largest colony observed
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<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C73BCE703346FA35EFEC0DD7" box="[1088,1155,1490,1514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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across.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE7037A6F9DAEA490E6A" blockId="54.[160,1155,1597,1727]" box="[160,294,1597,1623]" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="B97DB646C73BCE7037A6F9DAEA490E6A" bold="true" box="[160,294,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73BCE7E37A6F985E85208F4" blockId="54.[160,1155,1597,1727]" lastBlockId="56.[160,1155,142,201]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="54" pageNumber="194">
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Colony forming an irregular, unilaminar, encrusting sheet; light tan in colour. Zooids (
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C73BCE7037A1F962EA790EA0" box="[167,278,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="55.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-277@55.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." pageId="54" pageNumber="194">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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(a, c, d)) distinct, boundaries indicated by opposing columns of areolae and suture line. Frontal wall convex, tuberculate, rugose; five to seven small areolae along each lateral margin. Primary orifice with very broad, low, alate lyrula (
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C73ACE7134EFFC15EF350C37" box="[1001,1114,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="55.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-277@55.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." pageId="55" pageNumber="195">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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(b)). Condyles blunt, with minute denticles at tip; angled proximomedially, nearly meeting lyrula and forming a small, oval notch on each side. Main part of secondary orifice subtrapezoidal in shape, lateral margins tapering towards secondary peristomial sinus; sinus deep, U-shaped, conspicuous; peristomial rim often with a projection on each side lateral to sinus; distal margin of secondary orifice gently curved, with 13 to 16 minute, sharp, evenly spaced denticles. Three oral spines (
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C73ACE7135FCFB25E8050CE7" box="[762,874,1218,1242]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="55.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-277@55.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." pageId="55" pageNumber="195">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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(a, b, d)) close to distal margin of secondary orifice. Zooids have one (39%), two (61%) or three (2%) frontal avicularia (n = 38, 1). If paired, the avicularia are proximolateral or lateral to orifice, directed proximolaterally or laterally, occasionally slightly distolaterally, but often differing from one another in the angle from the midline; if single, avicularium is proximolateral to orifice and directed proximolaterally, or close to midline, pointing proximally or slightly proximolaterally. Rostrum slightly raised from frontal plane, not tilted laterally; rostral plane slightly decurved; rostral edges smooth; crossbar typically complete; mandible long-triangular, acute. In one colony, some zooids have a hypertrophied avicularium proximolateral to orifice (
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C73ACE713541FA1DE9DC0E2F" box="[583,691,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="55.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-277@55.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." pageId="55" pageNumber="195">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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(d)), up to twice the length of the smaller avicularia. A small pseudopore is occasionally present to one side or other of an avicularium. Ovicell (
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<figureCitation id="133276D1C73ACE71369FF9D8E9640E6A" box="[409,523,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="55.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure-277@55.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." pageId="55" pageNumber="195">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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(c)) hyperstomial; peristome extends across proximal quarter to third of ooecium, forming a raised, thick semicircular band, often with a heavy tubercle on each side. Ectooecium smooth, with about 20 conspicuous pseudopores over entire area distal to peristome. Proximal edge of ooecium visible within peristome, usually serrate. Ancestrula not observed.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF763ADCC73ACE7137A6FCDAEF0C0B91" pageId="55" pageNumber="195" startId="55.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="55">
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<paragraph id="8BB66A54C73ACE7137A6FCDAEF0C0B91" blockId="55.[160,1156,829,940]" pageId="55" pageNumber="195">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C73ACE7137A6FCDAEA650B69" bold="true" box="[160,266,829,852]" pageId="55" pageNumber="195">Figure 17.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C73ACE713615FCDAE9D30B69" authority="Soule and Soule" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[275,700,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C73ACE713615FCDAE9660B69" box="[275,521,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="195">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
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||
Soule and Soule
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, (a
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||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C73ACE7135DDFCDAE9870B69" box="[731,744,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="195">–</emphasis>
|
||
c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31339DFC735CE7E37A6FEE0E9660C4E" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C735CE7E37A6FEE0EA69091C" blockId="56.[160,1156,263,947]" box="[160,262,263,289]" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E37A6FEE0EA69091C" bold="true" box="[160,262,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C735CE7E37A6FECCEA480B8E" blockId="56.[160,1156,263,947]" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B616009C735CE7E37A6FECCEBDF095B" location="Our" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8ED63C8FC735CE7E37A6FECCEBA5097E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E:8ED63C8FC735CE7E37A6FECCEBA5097E" box="[160,202,299,323]" name="Our" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">Our</location>
|
||
specimens show the following characters indicated in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C735CE7E37A6FEA9EBDF095B" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[160,176,334,358]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E37A6FEA9EBDF095B" box="[160,176,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E37B6FEA9EBDB095B" box="[176,180,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B616009C735CE7E37B9FEA9EFEF0A2E" location="Hawaiian" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E37B9FEA9EA2A095B" box="[191,325,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDA4B6C735CE7E3694FEA9EAB0095B" box="[402,479,334,358]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C735CE7E36F6FEA9E999095B" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[496,758,334,358]" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65178" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): small zooid size (average zooid size 0.40 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C735CE7E3637FE96EAF209B4" box="[305,413,369,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
, compared to 0.41 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1C7B1C735CE7E35ABFE96E87809B4" box="[685,791,369,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.31">0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<location id="8ED63C8FC735CE7E3441FE96E8C009B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E:8ED63C8FC735CE7E3441FE96E8C009B4" box="[839,943,369,393]" name="Hawaiian" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">Hawaiian</location>
|
||
material); rugose frontal wall; small marginal pores; a low, very broad, alate lyrula; small, single or paired frontal avicularia close to the orifice, with an acute, long-triangular mandible; the avicularian rostrum scarcely elevated from the frontal surface, not tilted and with smooth edges; and scattered pseudopores over the entire surface of the ooecium
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B616009C735CE7E37A6FDF9EAB40A0B" box="[160,475,542,566]" location="Differences" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8ED63C8FC735CE7E37A6FDF9EA4F0A0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E:8ED63C8FC735CE7E37A6FDF9EA4F0A0B" box="[160,288,542,566]" name="Differences" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">Differences</location>
|
||
are as follows
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B616009C735CE7E36EBFDF9E9F70A0B" box="[493,664,542,566]" location="In Hawaiian" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8ED63C8FC735CE7E36EBFDF9E9150A0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E:8ED63C8FC735CE7E36EBFDF9E9150A0B" box="[493,634,542,566]" name="In Hawaiian" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">In Hawaiian</location>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C735CE7E358EFDF9E9F70A0B" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[648,664,542,566]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E358EFDF9E9F70A0B" box="[648,664,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E359EFDF9E85F0A0B" box="[664,816,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">. alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
, the avicularia are typically situated lateral to the orifice, with the rostrum directed laterally or nearly so.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B616009C735CE7E333BFDA6E96E0ADE" location="In" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8ED63C8FC735CE7E333BFDA6EF3D0A64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E:8ED63C8FC735CE7E333BFDA6EF3D0A64" box="[1085,1106,577,601]" name="In" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">In</location>
|
||
our specimens, while some paired avicularia are situated and oriented in this manner, most are proximolateral to the orifice and directed proximolaterally; when they are single, avicularia are often positioned near the midline proximal to the orifice and point proximally or nearly so
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B616009C735CE7E3517FD2CE87D0ADE" box="[529,786,715,739]" location="Zooids in Hawaiian" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8ED63C8FC735CE7E3517FD2CE9990ADE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E:8ED63C8FC735CE7E3517FD2CE9990ADE" box="[529,758,715,739]" name="Zooids in Hawaiian" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">Zooids in Hawaiian</location>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C735CE7E3404FD2CE87D0ADE" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[770,786,715,739]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E3404FD2CE87D0ADE" box="[770,786,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E3414FD2CE8C70ADE" box="[786,936,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">. alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
have three to six spines, whereas those in our specimens have invariably three; however, many of the zooids in SEM images in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C735CE7E36C4FCF6E9A10B14" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[450,718,785,809]" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65178" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have three spines, which may be the modal number in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDA4B6C735CE7E3685FCD4EABD0B76" box="[387,466,819,843]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B616009C735CE7E36E2FCD4E9500B53" collectorName="Hawaiian" location="Finally" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8ED63C8FC735CE7E36E2FCD4E95F0B76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0DB42C73BCE7E366CFC03E9660C4E:8ED63C8FC735CE7E36E2FCD4E95F0B76" box="[484,560,819,843]" name="Finally" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">Finally</location>
|
||
, there was no indication that the distal orificial margin is denticulate in
|
||
<collectorName id="26FC0F82C735CE7E36BBFCB1E9490B53" box="[445,550,854,878]" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">Hawaiian</collectorName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C735CE7E3529FCB1E9500B53" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[559,575,854,878]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E3529FCB1E9500B53" box="[559,575,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E3539FCB1E9BE0B53" box="[575,721,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">. alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
, although this character might easily have been overlooked in the low-quality SEM images accompanying the original description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C735CE7E37A6FC16EA4B0C36" blockId="56.[160,1155,1009,1139]" box="[160,292,1009,1035]" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E37A6FC16EA4B0C36" bold="true" box="[160,292,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB66A54C735CE7E37A6FBF1E9660C4E" blockId="56.[160,1155,1009,1139]" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">
|
||
We found a total of five colonies, at the REEF and MIN sites.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0911D7C735CE7E346DFBF1EFEC0C13" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[875,1155,1046,1070]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DB646C735CE7E346DFBF1EFEC0C13" box="[875,1155,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously known only from the Hawaiian archipelago (Oahu, Molokai, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDA4B6C735CE7E333EFBDEEFEC0C6C" box="[1080,1155,1081,1105]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="56" pageNumber="196">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
islands) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9817A5C735CE7E3605FBBCEA920C4E" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[259,509,1115,1139]" pageId="56" pageNumber="196" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65178" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |