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<document id="09D7B2B868CF4A5566838BAD40DF0AD6" ID-CLB-Dataset="28714" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4382.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35de4e63-710e-4014-9579-722d697304b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1183068" ID-ZooBank="94A7F845-B544-42C3-9739-3B7631A65BFA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1519301719437" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mansell, Mervyn W." docDate="2018" docId="039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4382.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4382 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Crambomorphus sinuatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="472" masterDocId="FFA3E64CFFD4C41CFF84FF9CFFF34827" masterDocTitle="Antlions of southern Africa: genus Crambomorphus McLachlan, 1867, including extra-limital species (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Palparinae: Palparini)" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="465" pageNumber="467" updateTime="1698524010947" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C82FA723D560E5D9841103C224CF48EB">Antlions of southern Africa: genus Crambomorphus McLachlan, 1867, including extra-limital species (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Palparinae: Palparini)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5974258" ID-GBIF-Taxon="150825430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5974258" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<subSubSection id="C3297CA9FFD6C41EFF13FEEEFE2B4989" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF13FEEEFD6249AB" blockId="2.[151,657,370,430]" box="[151,657,370,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<heading id="D0C4984EFFD6C41EFF13FEEEFD6249AB" bold="true" box="[151,657,370,396]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FEEEFD6249AB" bold="true" box="[151,657,370,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFF13FEEEFD7849AB" ID-CoL="Z4JM" authority="(Olivier, 1811)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[151,651,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FEEEFE2249AB" bold="true" box="[151,465,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD6C41EFE65FEEEFD7049AB" box="[481,643,370,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" refId="ref12586" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1811) Suite de l'Introduction a l'Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Encyclopedie Methodique. Dictionnaire des Insectes, 8, 118 - 128." type="journal article">Olivier, 1811</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD6C41EFF13FE09FEFB4989" box="[151,264,405,430]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2–3" captionStart-2="FIGURES4–9" captionStart-3="FIGURES 10–12" captionStart-4="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,264,1595,1618]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,264,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[388,1195,1413,1750]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,211,1924]" captionTargetBox-2="[172,1426,689,1924]" captionTargetBox-3="[353,1237,211,1562]" captionTargetBox-4="[282,1304,201,1957]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[388,1199,1413,1750]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,211,1924]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[162,1426,687,1932]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[339,1251,187,1588]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[282,1304,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype, Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier, 1811, (Crambomorphus sinuatus). Rijksmuseum, Leiden. Photo: J. van Tol." captionText-1="FIGURES 2–3. Crambomorphus sinuatus: 2, male habitus (Forewing length 65 mm); 3, female habitus (forewing length 75 mm)." captionText-2="FIGURES4–9. Crambomorphussinuatus. Male terminalia:4, lateral; 5, ventral; 6, dorsal; 7,Hypandrium internumventral; 8, Hypandrium internum lateral; 9, sternite 9 detail. Epr = Ectoproct, Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Pa = Paramere, T9 = Tergite 9, IX = Sternite 9." captionText-3="FIGURES 10–12. Crambomorphus sinuatus. Male Gonarcus &amp; Parameres complex: 10, dorsal; 11, dorso-caudal; 12, lateral. Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Gs = Gonarcus, Pa = Parameres." captionText-4="FIGURES 13–15. Crambomorphus sinuatus. Female terminalia: 13, lateral; 14, ventral; 15, Pregenitale ventral. Epr = Ectoproct;Ga = Anterior Gonapophyses, Gl = Lateral Gonapophyses, Prg= Pregenitale, T9 = Tergite 9." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1183070/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1183072/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1183074/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1183076/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1183078/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Figs 1–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD6C41EFE90FE0AFEC14989" box="[276,306,406,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–75" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,388,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1437,337,1954]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 72–75. Wing profiles of southern African Crambomorphus species. 72, C. sinuatus; 73, C. kalaharicus; 74, C. namibicus; 75, C. karrooanus. Arrows indicate distinguishing features." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183116/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">72</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD6C41EFEBAFE09FEAF4989" box="[318,348,405,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–79" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[169,1429,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 76–79. Dorsal wing patterns of southern African Crambomorphus species. 76, C. sinuatus; 77, C. kalaharicus; 78, C.namibicus; 79, C.karrooanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183118/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">76</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD6C41EFEECFE0AFE754989" box="[360,390,406,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–85" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1348,1371]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,211,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 80–85. Crambomorphus species: comparative Gonarcus &amp; Parameres lateral profiles: 80, C. sinuatus; 81, C. kalaharicus; 82, C. namibicus; 83, C. karrooanus; 84, C. madagascariensis; 85, C.grandidieri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183120/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">80</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD6C41EFE16FE09FE424989" box="[402,433,405,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–91" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[173,1435,342,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,341,1870]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 86–91. Crambomorphus species:comparative Labial palps:86, C. sinuatus; 87, C. karrooanus; 88, C. kalaharicus; 89, C. namibicus; 90, C. madagascariensis; 91, C. grandidieri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183122/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">86</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD6C41EFE38FE0AFE2B4989" box="[444,472,406,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[150,1436,193,1320]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 92. Recorded distribution of Crambomorphus species in southern Africa.Map:C.Deschodt." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183124/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">92</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF13FE41FD8249D4" blockId="2.[151,1020,477,652]" box="[151,625,477,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB23080CFFD6C41EFF13FE41FD8249D4" box="[151,625,477,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFF13FE41FDDC49D4" authority="Olivier, 1811: 121" authorityName="Olivier" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,559,477,499]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FE41FE9E49D4" box="[151,365,477,499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Myrmeleon sinuatum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A920933FFD6C41EFEF0FE41FDDC49D4" author="" box="[372,559,477,499]" page="121" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD6C41EFEF0FE41FE0E49D4" box="[372,509,477,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" refId="ref12586" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1811) Suite de l'Introduction a l'Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Encyclopedie Methodique. Dictionnaire des Insectes, 8, 118 - 128." type="journal article">Olivier, 1811</bibRefCitation>
: 121
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.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFDBCFE41FD9949D5" bold="true" box="[568,618,477,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">5010</emphasis>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF13FE60FD494A35" blockId="2.[151,1020,477,652]" box="[151,698,508,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB23080CFFD6C41EFF13FE60FD494A35" box="[151,698,508,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFF13FE60FE444A35" ID-CoL="45CJJ" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,439,508,530]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FE60FE964A35" box="[151,357,508,530]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Myrmeleon sinuatus</emphasis>
Olivier
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A920933FFD6C41EFE44FE60FD8B4A35" author="" box="[448,632,508,530]" page="404" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD6C41EFE44FE60FDB64A35" box="[448,581,508,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" refId="ref12857" refString="Walker, F. (1853) List [or Catalogue] of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Sialides- - Nemopterides. British Museum [Natural History], London, 284 pp. [pp. 193 - 476]" type="book chapter">Walker 1853</bibRefCitation>
: 404
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.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFD06FE60FD474A36" bold="true" box="[642,692,508,529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">6194</emphasis>
.
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<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF13FD86FD2C4A17" blockId="2.[151,1020,477,652]" box="[151,735,538,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB23080CFFD6C41EFF13FD86FD2C4A17" box="[151,735,538,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFF13FD86FE0C4A17" ID-CoL="Z4JM" authority="(Olivier)" authorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[151,511,538,560]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FD86FE6D4A17" box="[151,414,538,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
(Olivier)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A920933FFD6C41EFD8DFD86FD6F4A17" author="" box="[521,668,538,560]" page="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD6C41EFD8DFD86FD704A17" box="[521,643,538,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" refId="ref11937" refString="Kolbe, H. J. (1897) Die Thierwelt Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete. Wirbellose Thiere 4. Netzflugler. In: Mobius, K. (Ed.), Deutsch-Ost-Afrika. Vol. 4. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, pp. 1 - 42." type="book chapter">Kolbe 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 6
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.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFD23FD86FD294A08" bold="true" box="[679,730,538,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">3434</emphasis>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3297CA9FFD6C41EFF13FDA6FC664AAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF13FDA6FC664AAB" blockId="2.[151,1020,477,652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB23080CFFD6C41EFF13FDA6FC664AAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFF13FDA6FD9F4A68" ID-CoL="6ZK6F" authority="(Olivier)" authorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[151,620,569,591]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Stenares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus" subGenus="Crambomorphus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FDA6FF1F4A68" box="[151,236,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Stenares</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF7FFDA5FE544A68" box="[251,423,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Crambomorphus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFE31FDA6FDF94A68" box="[437,522,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">sinuatus</emphasis>
(Olivier)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A920933FFD6C41EFDF2FDA5FCD74A68" author="" box="[630,804,569,591]" page="190" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD6C41EFDF2FDA5FD024A68" box="[630,753,569,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" refId="ref11770" refString="Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171" type="journal article">Banks 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 190
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFCAAFDA5FCB44A69" bold="true" box="[814,839,569,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">61</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFF13FDC4FD714A49" ID-CoL="4C6P2" authority="Gerstaecker, 1863: 184" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,642,600,622]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematogaster">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FDC4FE7D4A49" box="[151,398,600,622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Palpares haematogaster</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A920933FFD6C41EFE10FDC4FD714A49" author="" box="[404,642,600,622]" page="184" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD6C41EFE10FDC4FDBC4A49" box="[404,591,600,622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" refId="ref11846" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1863) Ueber einige neue Planipennien aus den Familien der Hemerobiiden und Panorpiden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 24, 168 - 188." type="journal article">Gerstaecker, 1863</bibRefCitation>
: 184
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</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFD08FDC4FD4D4A4A" bold="true" box="[652,702,600,621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">2553</emphasis>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A920933FFD6C41EFD48FDC5FC8E4A49" author="" box="[716,893,600,622]" page="520" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD6C41EFD48FDC5FCBE4A49" box="[716,845,600,622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" refId="ref11808" refString="Brauer, F. (1867) Ueber Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier als Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Myrmeleoniden-Genera: Palpares, Stenares und Acanthaclisis. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 519 - 520." type="journal article">Brauer 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 520
</treatmentCitation>
(syn).
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFC40FDC4FC044A4A" bold="true" box="[964,1015,600,621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">1688</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFF13FDEAFD804AAB" ID-CoL="Z4JG" authority="(Gerstaecker)" authorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[151,627,630,652]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematogaster">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FDEAFE2C4AAB" box="[151,479,630,652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Crambomorphus haematogaster</emphasis>
(Gerstaecker)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A920933FFD6C41EFDF8FDEAFCAC4AAB" author="" box="[636,863,630,652]" page="243" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD6C41EFDF8FDEAFCDF4AAB" box="[636,812,630,652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" refId="ref12486" refString="McLachlan, R. (1867) New Genera and Species of Neuropterous Insects; and a revision of Mr. F. Walker's British Museum Catalogue of Neuroptera, part ii. (1853), as far as the end of the genus Myrmeleon. Journal of the Linnaean Society, Zoology, 9, 230 - 281." type="journal article">McLachlan 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 243
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFCEDFDEBFC7C4AAB" bold="true" box="[873,911,631,652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">342</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3297CA9FFD6C41BFF13FD25FE67493A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF13FD25FAC44B3E" blockId="2.[151,1436,697,794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FD25FE5D4AF5" bold="true" box="[151,430,697,722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Redescription. Habitus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD6C41EFE45FD25FDD84AF5" box="[449,555,697,722]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,211,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–3. Crambomorphus sinuatus: 2, male habitus (Forewing length 65 mm); 3, female habitus (forewing length 75 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183072/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
). Very large
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFD4DFD25FCC24AF5" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1911" box="[713,817,697,722]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palparini">Palparini</taxonomicName>
, as in genus diagnosis. Wings smoothly-sinuate with falcate tips and a broad sinuate stripe along posterior margin of forewing. Wings markedly darker and broader than other species with falcate wings. Meso- and metathorax densely clothed with long white recumbent setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C7FAAFFD6C41EFF13FCD5FB0C4B47" box="[151,1279,840,864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF13FCD5FB0C4B47" blockId="2.[151,1279,840,864]" box="[151,1279,840,864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13FCD5FEF94B47" bold="true" box="[151,266,841,864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements (mm) of
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFD95FCD4FCD54B47" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[529,806,840,864]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFD95FCD4FCD54B47" box="[529,806,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Figure above is the mean, size range below
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF1BFCE1FA984C67" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<table id="F933DD82FFD63BE3FF1BFCE0FA714C67" box="[159,1410,892,1088]" colsContinueIn="18.[159,1404,202,399]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<tr id="35032D60FFD63BE3FF1BFCE0FA714B97" box="[159,1410,892,944]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FF1BFCE0FF074B97" box="[159,244,892,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">mm</th>
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FEC4FCE0FE654B97" box="[320,406,892,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Antenna length</th>
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FE48FCE0FD4F4B97" box="[460,700,892,944]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Head width Forewing length</th>
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FD7CFCE0FCAE4B97" box="[760,861,892,944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Forewing width</th>
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FC1DFCE0FBF64B97" box="[921,1029,892,944]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Hind wing length</th>
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FBD5FCE0FB4E4B97" box="[1105,1213,892,944]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Hind wing width</th>
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FA82FCE0FA714B97" box="[1286,1410,892,944]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Body length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35032D60FFD63BE3FF1BFC58FA714BDF" box="[159,1410,964,1016]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FF1BFC58FF074BDF" box="[159,244,964,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Males (7)</th>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FEC4FC58FE654BDF" box="[320,406,964,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">8.4 7.7–9.1</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FE48FC58FDEB4BDF" box="[460,536,964,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">7.4 7.1–7.6</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FDD2FC58FD4F4BDF" box="[598,700,964,1016]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">63.4 57.8–66.6</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FD7CFC58FCAE4BDF" box="[760,861,964,1016]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">15.4 13.2–16.4</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FC1DFC58FBF64BDF" box="[921,1029,964,1016]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">59.9 54.2–62.8</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FBD5FC58FB4E4BDF" box="[1105,1213,964,1016]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">14.8 12.4–15.9</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FA82FC58FA714BDF" box="[1286,1410,964,1016]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">73.5 69.4–78.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35032D60FFD63BE3FF1BFB90FA714C67" box="[159,1410,1036,1088]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<th id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FF1BFB90FF074C67" box="[159,244,1036,1088]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Females (10)</th>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FEC4FB90FE654C67" box="[320,406,1036,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">8.1 6.9–8.8</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FE48FB90FDEB4C67" box="[460,536,1036,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">7.9 7.5–8.6</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FDD2FB90FD4F4C67" box="[598,700,1036,1088]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">70.6 63.4–73.9</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FD7CFB90FCAE4C67" box="[760,861,1036,1088]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">17.0 15.1–18.8</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FC1DFB90FBF64C67" box="[921,1029,1036,1088]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">65.9 59.6–70.6</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FBD5FB90FB4E4C67" box="[1105,1213,1036,1088]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">16.9 15.2–18.2</td>
<td id="76D2441CFFD63BE3FA82FB90FA714C67" box="[1286,1410,1036,1088]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">60.7 55.8–65.9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF43FB1DFB814D69" blockId="2.[151,1436,1153,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF43FB1DFEF74CBD" box="[199,260,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Head</emphasis>
: as wide as prothorax, vertex raised, yellow, densely speckled with black maculae and clothed with dense white recumbent setae; median black stripe extends from vertex broadening posteriorly over prothorax; frons yellow with recumbent white setae; clypeus and labrum yellow. Eyes large, greater than hemispherical. Antennae slightly longer than head-width, black, densely covered in short black setae, antennal toruli greater than scape diameter apart, scape bearing long white and black setae. Palps black, labial palps clavate with short acute tip, covered with black setae, palpimacula slit-like extending to, but not over apex (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD6C41EFB95FAA9FB964D69" box="[1041,1125,1333,1358]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–91" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[173,1435,342,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,341,1870]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 86–91. Crambomorphus species:comparative Labial palps:86, C. sinuatus; 87, C. karrooanus; 88, C. kalaharicus; 89, C. namibicus; 90, C. madagascariensis; 91, C. grandidieri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183122/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C7FAAFFD6C41EFF13F972FF334F04" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183070/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" startId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" targetBox="[388,1195,1413,1750]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF13F972FF334F04" blockId="2.[151,1435,1774,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF13F972FEE64F23" bold="true" box="[151,277,1774,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Holotype,
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFE0DF972FD004F23" authority="Olivier, 1811" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" box="[393,755,1774,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFE0DF972FD924F22" box="[393,609,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Myrmeleon sinuatum</emphasis>
Olivier, 1811
</taxonomicName>
, (
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD6C41EFC83F972FBFC4F22" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[775,1039,1774,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFC83F972FBFC4F22" box="[775,1039,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Rijksmuseum, Leiden. Photo: J. van Tol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD6C41EFF43F8D6FC044FE9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1866,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD6C41EFF43F8D6FEEB4F44" box="[199,280,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="467">Thorax</emphasis>
: prothorax short, much wider than long, pale-yellowish with central black stripe, and small spot on either side, lateral margins black, anterior margin raised, with dense fringe of long white anteriorly-directed setae and black setae posteriorly, hind margin raised with long white and black setae. Meso- and metathorax densely covered with long white pubescence, completely obscuring thoracic patterns.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C7FAAFFD7C41FFF13F830FF3D4FC5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="468" startId="3.[151,264,1964,1987]" targetBox="[151,1436,211,1924]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD7C41FFF13F830FF3D4FC5" blockId="3.[151,1435,1964,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD7C41FFF13F830FECF4FE5" bold="true" box="[151,316,1964,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="468">FIGURES 2–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD7C41FFEC7F831FDB84FE4" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[323,587,1965,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD7C41FFEC7F831FDB84FE4" box="[323,587,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="468">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 2, male habitus (Forewing length 65 mm); 3, female habitus (forewing length 75 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD0C418FF43FF05FB2349D2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD0C418FF43FF05FEF94897" box="[199,266,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">Wings</emphasis>
: narrow, heavily marked with dark-brown, hind margins of both fore- and hind wings characteristically sinuate with acute falcate tips (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD0C418FE72FF20FDAF48F3" box="[502,604,188,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2–3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionTargetBox-0="[388,1195,1413,1750]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,211,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[388,1199,1413,1750]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,211,1924]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype, Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier, 1811, (Crambomorphus sinuatus). Rijksmuseum, Leiden. Photo: J. van Tol." captionText-1="FIGURES 2–3. Crambomorphus sinuatus: 2, male habitus (Forewing length 65 mm); 3, female habitus (forewing length 75 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1183070/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1183072/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
); crossveins densely reticulated, pale yellowish-white, wing veins mainly devoid of setae, except for dense fringe along C and in hypostigmatic area; hypostigmatic cells long; pterostigma miniscule, scarcely discernible.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD0C418FD8AFE99FD76493B" box="[526,645,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">Forewings</emphasis>
with four brown markings; basal mark large, diffuse, apical mark divided, posterior margin with broad sinuate brown stripe in apical half, posterior basal margin pale. Costal vein with short dense black setae; a few (2–10) costal cells biaereolate or bifurcate before Rs but highly variable, all veins beyond Rs unbranched; R mainly black, alternating black and yellow distally; CuA black and yellow, Rs arises beyond CuA fork, presectoral veins irregularly biaereolate; Mp2 (oblique vein) arises well beyond CuA fork.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD0C418FF13FE2BFEE849F7" box="[151,283,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">Hind wings</emphasis>
brown with three pale bands and pale area basally; costal cells usually uniaereolate, occasionally bifurcate, slightly sinuate; Rs arises at same level as Mp fork; presectoral crossveins biaereolate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD0C418FF55FD9DFC8A4AA2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD0C418FF55FD9DFEF54A3F" box="[209,262,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">Legs</emphasis>
: black with faint orange patches on tibiae, densely covered with short white and black spinose setae; forelegs with dense setal brush on tibiae, tibiae longer than tarsi in all legs, tibial spurs dark-brown, curved, extending to just beyond Ta2; Ta1–Ta4 short, Ta5 long, approximately equal to combined length of Ta1–Ta4; pretarsal claws longer than Ta1–Ta2, dark-brown, slightly curved.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C7FAAFFD0C418FF13F804FF0D4FCB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183074/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="469" startId="4.[151,264,1944,1967]" targetBox="[172,1426,689,1924]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD0C418FF13F804FF0D4FCB" blockId="4.[151,1436,1944,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD0C418FF13F804FEC94F89" bold="true" box="[151,314,1944,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">FIGURES 4–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD0C418FEC4F805FDB64F88" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[320,581,1945,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD0C418FEC4F805FDB64F88" box="[320,581,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="469">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Male terminalia: 4, lateral; 5, ventral; 6, dorsal; 7, Hypandrium internum ventral; 8, Hypandrium internum lateral; 9, sternite 9 detail. Epr = Ectoproct, Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Pa = Paramere, T9 = Tergite 9, IX = Sternite 9.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4C7FAAFFD1C419FF13F9A7FD4E4E56" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470" startId="5.[151,264,1595,1618]" targetBox="[353,1237,211,1562]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD1C419FF13F9A7FD4E4E56" blockId="5.[151,1437,1595,1649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD1C419FF13F9A7FEA74E76" bold="true" box="[151,340,1595,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">FIGURES 10–12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD1C419FED8F9A0FD914E75" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[348,610,1596,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD1C419FED8F9A0FD914E75" box="[348,610,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Male Gonarcus &amp; Parameres complex: 10, dorsal; 11, dorso-caudal; 12, lateral. Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Gs = Gonarcus, Pa = Parameres.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD1C419FF4BF904FB574FD2" blockId="5.[151,1437,1688,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD1C419FF4BF904FECA4E96" box="[207,313,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Abdomen</emphasis>
: shorter than hind wings, blood-red in living specimens, covered with short black setae, with some long white setae on T1 and anterior margin of T2.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD1C419FD5DF920FCE04EF2" box="[729,787,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FCA6F920FC654EF2" box="[802,918,1724,1749]" captionStart-0="FIGURES4–9" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1595,1618]" captionTargetBox-0="[172,1426,689,1924]" captionTargetBox-1="[353,1237,211,1562]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[162,1426,687,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[339,1251,187,1588]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES4–9. Crambomorphussinuatus. Male terminalia:4, lateral; 5, ventral; 6, dorsal; 7,Hypandrium internumventral; 8, Hypandrium internum lateral; 9, sternite 9 detail. Epr = Ectoproct, Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Pa = Paramere, T9 = Tergite 9, IX = Sternite 9." captionText-1="FIGURES 10–12. Crambomorphus sinuatus. Male Gonarcus &amp; Parameres complex: 10, dorsal; 11, dorso-caudal; 12, lateral. Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Gs = Gonarcus, Pa = Parameres." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1183074/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1183076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Figs 4–12</figureCitation>
) with T9 divided, sternite IX (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FB77F920FAA94EF2" box="[1267,1370,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURES4–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1426,689,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[162,1426,687,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES4–9. Crambomorphussinuatus. Male terminalia:4, lateral; 5, ventral; 6, dorsal; 7,Hypandrium internumventral; 8, Hypandrium internum lateral; 9, sternite 9 detail. Epr = Ectoproct, Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Pa = Paramere, T9 = Tergite 9, IX = Sternite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183074/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Figs 5, 9</figureCitation>
) with rounded smooth apex; ectoprocts (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FDA0F97CFD794EDE" box="[548,650,1760,1785]" captionStart="FIGURES4–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1426,689,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[162,1426,687,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES4–9. Crambomorphussinuatus. Male terminalia:4, lateral; 5, ventral; 6, dorsal; 7,Hypandrium internumventral; 8, Hypandrium internum lateral; 9, sternite 9 detail. Epr = Ectoproct, Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Pa = Paramere, T9 = Tergite 9, IX = Sternite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183074/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
) black, curved, cylindrical, apices incrassate, with short white setae dorsally, long black setae laterally, dense pad of stout curved black spines on inner surface and two stout spines basally. Gonarcus and parameres (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FD91F8B4FD664F66" box="[533,661,1832,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1595,1618]" captionTargetBox="[353,1237,211,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[339,1251,187,1588]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Crambomorphus sinuatus. Male Gonarcus &amp; Parameres complex: 10, dorsal; 11, dorso-caudal; 12, lateral. Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Gs = Gonarcus, Pa = Parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
) fused into a rigid cone-shaped structure, parameres slerotized, shiny black with medial tuft of sensory setae, gonarcal bulla strongly pronounced (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FC78F8D0FBA34F42" box="[1020,1104,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1595,1618]" captionTargetBox="[353,1237,211,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[339,1251,187,1588]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Crambomorphus sinuatus. Male Gonarcus &amp; Parameres complex: 10, dorsal; 11, dorso-caudal; 12, lateral. Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Gs = Gonarcus, Pa = Parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); hypandrium internum (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FAEEF8D0FF314FAE" captionStart="FIGURES4–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1426,689,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[162,1426,687,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES4–9. Crambomorphussinuatus. Male terminalia:4, lateral; 5, ventral; 6, dorsal; 7,Hypandrium internumventral; 8, Hypandrium internum lateral; 9, sternite 9 detail. Epr = Ectoproct, Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Pa = Paramere, T9 = Tergite 9, IX = Sternite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183074/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
) lightly sclerotized, keel-shaped.
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD1C419FDBBF8ECFD674FAE" box="[575,660,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FD27F8ECFCD04FAE" box="[675,803,1904,1929]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,201,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[282,1304,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15. Crambomorphus sinuatus. Female terminalia: 13, lateral; 14, ventral; 15, Pregenitale ventral. Epr = Ectoproct;Ga = Anterior Gonapophyses, Gl = Lateral Gonapophyses, Prg= Pregenitale, T9 = Tergite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
) with rounded ectoprocts bearing stout fossorial spines; anterior gonapophyses rounded with long slender setae, lateral gonapohyses fused into cone-shaped structure with stout fossorial spines; pregenitalae (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FDC9F824FD544FF6" box="[589,679,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,201,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[282,1304,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15. Crambomorphus sinuatus. Female terminalia: 13, lateral; 14, ventral; 15, Pregenitale ventral. Epr = Ectoproct;Ga = Anterior Gonapophyses, Gl = Lateral Gonapophyses, Prg= Pregenitale, T9 = Tergite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) triangular, sclerotized. Spermatheca (see
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD1C419FB35F824FAF94FF6" box="[1201,1290,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–52" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1969,1992]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,187,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1397,187,1957]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 51–52. Crambomorphus karrooanus. Female: 51, Pregenitale and Anterior Gonapophyses ventral; 52, Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183102/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="470">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
) sclerotized proximally becoming slender, coiled, tapering distally, with fine setae along distal extremity.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C7FAAFFD2C41AFF13F826FB474FC8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183078/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="471" startId="6.[151,264,1978,2001]" targetBox="[282,1304,201,1957]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD2C41AFF13F826FB474FC8" blockId="6.[151,1436,1978,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD2C41AFF13F826FEA94FF7" bold="true" box="[151,346,1978,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="471">FIGURES 13–15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD2C41AFEE1F827FD824FF6" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[357,625,1979,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD2C41AFEE1F827FD824FF6" box="[357,625,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="471">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Female terminalia: 13, lateral; 14, ventral; 15, Pregenitale ventral. Epr = Ectoproct; Ga = Anterior Gonapophyses, Gl = Lateral Gonapophyses, Prg = Pregenitale, T9 = Tergite 9.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD3C41BFF43FF0BFCAA48DF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">The small sclerotized triangular pregenitale of the female, which is situated in membranous folds between the anterior gonapophyses serves to accommodate and guide the equally inconspicuous keel-shaped hypandrium internum of the male to the spermatheca during sperm transfer.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD3C41BFF43FE98FE67493A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" box="[199,404,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFF43FE98FEE3493A" bold="true" box="[199,272,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Larva</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3297CA9FFD3C41BFF43FEBBFBFA4942" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD3C41BFF43FEBBFBFA4942" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFF43FEBBFEAA4967" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD3C41BFEEEFEBBFE4C4967" box="[362,447,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1320]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[150,1436,193,1320]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 92. Recorded distribution of Crambomorphus species in southern Africa.Map:C.Deschodt." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183124/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFE50FEBBFD044967" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[468,759,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFE50FEBBFD044967" box="[468,759,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Crambomorphus sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC4FFEB4FBD54918" box="[971,1062,296,319]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Western</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFBDBFEBBFAF54967" box="[1119,1286,295,320]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
Provinces of
<collectingCountry id="F3246FB2FFD3C41BFF13FED0FED94942" box="[151,298,332,357]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, and is mainly centred in the Great Karoo region of
<collectingCountry id="F3246FB2FFD3C41BFCF5FED0FBF74942" box="[881,1028,332,357]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3297CA9FFD3C41BFF43FEF3FE424C87" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD3C41BFF43FEF3FF0349D3" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFF43FEF3FA6A498B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909153" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="de Bonne-Efperance" country="South Africa" location="Cap de Bonne-Efperance" municipality="Cape of Good Hope" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Western Cape Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFF43FEF3FE1D49AF" bold="true" box="[199,494,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<typeStatus id="54889180FFD3C41BFF43FEF3FEF149AF" box="[199,258,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54889180FFD3C41BFE70FEF3FDAF49AF" box="[500,604,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD3C41BFDEFFEF3FD5F49AF" box="[619,684,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[388,1195,1413,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[388,1199,1413,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype, Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier, 1811, (Crambomorphus sinuatus). Rijksmuseum, Leiden. Photo: J. van Tol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183070/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFD40FEF3FBFB49AF" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" box="[708,1032,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFD40FEF3FC4249AF" box="[708,945,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Myrmeleon sinuatum</emphasis>
Olivier
</taxonomicName>
, photograph (only wings remaining, glued to card) “
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFECDFE08FD98498A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFECDFE08FD98498A" box="[329,619,404,429]" country="South Africa" municipality="Cape of Good Hope" name="Cap de Bonne-Efperance" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Western Cape Province">
Cap
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFE05FE08FD98498A" box="[385,619,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">de Bonne-Efpérance</collectorName>
</location>
” (
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE8B558FFD3C41BFD01FE08FC9C498B" box="[645,879,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Cape of Good Hope</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFCF9FE09FB79498A" box="[893,1162,404,429]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFCF9FE09FC2B498B" box="[893,984,405,428]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Western</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC64FE08FB79498A" box="[992,1162,404,429]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3246FB2FFD3C41BFB12FE08FADE498A" box="[1174,1325,404,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">South Africa</collectingCountry>
),
<collectionCode id="ED22B7E7FFD3C41BFAC5FE09FA6A498B" box="[1345,1433,405,428]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">RMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFF13FE2BFF1F49D3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909164" collectionCode="ZMHB" country="South Africa" location="Caffraria" municipality="Drege" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54889180FFD3C41BFF13FE2BFF0C49F7" box="[151,255,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFE8EFE24FEEC49E8" box="[266,287,440,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFEB6FE2BFD2949F7" authority="Gerstaecker" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1863" box="[306,730,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematogaster">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFEB6FE2BFDB449F7" box="[306,583,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Palpares haematogaster</emphasis>
Gerstaecker
</taxonomicName>
, “
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFD77FE2BFCA949F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFD77FE2BFCA949F7" box="[755,858,439,464]" country="South Africa" municipality="Drege" name="Caffraria" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Eastern Cape Province">Caffraria</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE8B558FFD3C41BFCE9FE24FC4549F7" box="[877,950,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Drége</collectingMunicipality>
)” (
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC5FFE24FB1449F7" box="[987,1255,439,464]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC5FFE24FBC249F7" box="[987,1073,440,464]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Eastern</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFBB8FE24FB1449F7" box="[1084,1255,439,464]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3246FB2FFD3C41BFB73FE2BFA6349F7" box="[1271,1424,439,464]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">South Africa</collectingCountry>
),
<collectionCode id="ED22B7E7FFD3C41BFF13FE41FF1F49D3" box="[151,236,477,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">ZMHB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD3C41BFF43FE63FA974AEB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFF43FE63FB614A1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909149" collectingDate="1988-01-17" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="W. R. J. Dean" country="South Africa" elevation="816" location="Prince Albert District" municipality="Tierberg Research Station" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR00882" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Western Cape Province">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFF43FE63FDCB4A3F" bold="true" box="[199,568,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3246FB2FFD3C41BFDC5FD9CFCE24A3F" box="[577,785,512,536]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC9BFD9DFBD94A3F" box="[799,1066,512,536]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFC9BFD9DFBD94A3F" box="[799,1066,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC9BFD9DFC8B4A3F" box="[799,888,513,536]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Western</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC05FD9CFBD94A3F" box="[897,1066,512,536]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFBBFFD9CFBAD4A3F" box="[1083,1118,512,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE8B558FFD3C41BFBEAFE63FA6B4A3F" box="[1134,1432,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Tierberg Research Station</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFF13FDB8FE634A1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFF13FDB8FE634A1A" box="[151,400,548,573]" country="South Africa" municipality="Tierberg Research Station" name="Prince Albert District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Western Cape Province">Prince Albert District</location>
, 33.07.39S 22.16.26E,
<elevation id="001EC811FFD3C41BFD18FDB8FD2D4A1A" box="[668,734,548,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.16" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="816.0">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFD18FDB8FD2D4A1A" box="[668,734,548,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.16" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="816.0">816m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFD68FDB8FCAB4A1A" box="[748,856,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-01-17">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFD68FDB8FCAB4A1A" box="[748,856,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-01-17">17.i.1988</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFCE2FDB9FC1D4A1B" box="[870,1006,549,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">W.R.J.Dean</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFC78FDB8FB614A1B" box="[1020,1170,548,572]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR00882</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFB24FDB8FDAB4A47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909127" collectingDate="1988-02-08" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="W. R. J. Dean" country="South Africa" elevation="816" location="Prince Albert District" municipality="Tierberg Research Station" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR02367" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Western Cape Province">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFB24FDB8FB304A1B" box="[1184,1219,548,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality and collector but
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFEC0FDDBFE594A47" box="[324,426,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-02-08">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFEC0FDDBFE594A47" box="[324,426,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-02-08">8.ii.1988</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFE46FDDBFDAB4A47" box="[450,600,583,608]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR02367</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 1♂, Wolfdrif, Cedarberg, 32.01.00S
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFBBFFDD4FB534A47" box="[1083,1184,584,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="29-03-19">19.03.29</date>
E,
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFB4DFDD4FAFF4A47" box="[1225,1292,584,608]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.81" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="281.0">281m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFAA7FDDBFA6B4A47" box="[1315,1432,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2001-02-19">19.ii.2001</date>
, M.W.Mansell, H.&amp;U.Aspöck, H.Hölzel, NEUR05508;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFCBEFDF0FE754A8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909055" collectingDate="2003-11-05" collectionCode="JBBC" collectorName="A. K. Brinkman" country="South Africa" elevation="816" location="Prince Albert District" municipality="Tierberg Research Station" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="JBNE00218" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Western Cape Province">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFCBEFDF0FCAE4AA3" box="[826,861,620,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality but
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFBEDFDF0FB264AA2" box="[1129,1237,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2003-11-05">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFBEDFDF0FB264AA2" box="[1129,1237,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2003-11-05">5.xi.2003</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFB6BFDF0FA6B4AA2" box="[1263,1432,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">A.K.Brinkman</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFF13FD0CFED34A8F" box="[151,288,656,680]" collectionCode="JBNE" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">JBNE00218</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED22B7E7FFD3C41BFEB1FD0CFE8D4A8F" box="[309,382,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">JBBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFE13FD0CFF034AEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909059" collectingDate="01-04-19" collectingDateMax="2003-11-05" collectingDateMin="01-04-19" collectionCode="JBBC" collectorName="A. K. Brinkman" country="South Africa" elevation="465" location="Wolfdrif Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="JBNE00219" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Western Cape Province">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFE13FD0CFE494A8F" box="[407,442,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFE4AFD13FD9C4A80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFE4AFD13FD9C4A80" box="[462,623,655,680]" country="South Africa" name="Wolfdrif Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Western Cape Province">Wolfdrif Pass</location>
, 32.05.33S
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFC84FD0CFC974A8F" box="[768,868,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="01-04-19">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFC84FD0CFC974A8F" box="[768,868,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="01-04-19">19.04.01</date>
</collectingDate>
E,
<elevation id="001EC811FFD3C41BFC03FD13FC3A4A8F" box="[903,969,655,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="465.0">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFC03FD13FC3A4A8F" box="[903,969,655,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="465.0">465m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFC5FFD13FBB44A8F" box="[987,1095,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2003-11-05">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFC5FFD13FBB44A8F" box="[987,1095,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2003-11-05">5.xi.2003</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFBDDFD13FAF14A8F" box="[1113,1282,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">A.K.Brinkman</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFA97FD0CFA6F4A8F" box="[1299,1436,656,680]" collectionCode="JBNE" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">JBNE00219</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED22B7E7FFD3C41BFF1BFD28FF1B4AEB" box="[159,232,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">JBBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 1♂, Beaufort West, 32.21.00S 22.35.00E,
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFD50FD28FCE44AEA" box="[724,791,692,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="855.0">855m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFCA6FD28FC7D4AEA" box="[802,910,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2004-01-30">30.i.2004</date>
, No collector name, JBNE00220 (JBBC).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD3C41BFF43FD4BFE424C87" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFF43FD4BFE6C4B33" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909161" collectingDate="1988-01-10" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="Roodekruis Farm &amp; G. Visser" elevation="1251" location="Fraserburg District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR00870" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Northern Cape Province">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFF43FD4BFE2F4AD7" box="[199,476,727,752]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFF43FD4BFE2F4AD7" box="[199,476,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
Northern
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFEB1FD44FE2F4AD7" box="[309,476,728,752]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFE68FD44FDE24AD7" box="[492,529,728,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFD9AFD4BFD164AC8" box="[542,741,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Roodekruis Farm</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFD75FD4BFC3B4AD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFD75FD4BFC3B4AD7" box="[753,968,727,752]" name="Fraserburg District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Northern Cape Province">Fraserburg District</location>
, 31.47.11S 21.53.21E,
<elevation id="001EC811FFD3C41BFB4BFD4BFAEC4AD7" box="[1231,1311,727,752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.251" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1251.0">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFB4BFD4BFAEC4AD7" box="[1231,1311,727,752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.251" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1251.0">1251m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFAAFFD4BFA6B4AD7" box="[1323,1432,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-01-10">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFAAFFD4BFA6B4AD7" box="[1323,1432,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-01-10">10.i.1988</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFF13FD60FF054B32" box="[151,246,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">G.Visser</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFE8DFD60FE6C4B33" box="[265,415,764,788]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR00870</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFE36FD60FEDE4B1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909157" collectingDate="1991-01-10" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="M. de Jager" elevation="1305" location="Fraserburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR01277" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jager">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFE36FD60FE264B33" box="[434,469,764,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFE60FD60FDFA4B33" box="[484,521,764,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFD99FD60FDAD4B32" box="[541,606,764,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
W
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFD12FD60FCE14B32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFD12FD60FCE14B32" box="[662,786,764,789]" name="Fraserburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Jager">Fraserburg</location>
, 31.55.32S 21.27.36E,
<elevation id="001EC811FFD3C41BFBABFD60FB8C4B32" box="[1071,1151,764,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.305" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1305.0">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFBABFD60FB8C4B32" box="[1071,1151,764,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.305" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1305.0">1305m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFB16FD60FB0D4B32" box="[1170,1278,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1991-01-10">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFB16FD60FB0D4B32" box="[1170,1278,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1991-01-10">10.i.1991</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFA96FD60FA6B4B32" box="[1298,1432,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
M.de
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFADFFD61FA6B4B32" box="[1371,1432,765,789]" country="Hungary" name="Eger" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Jager</collectingRegion>
</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFF13FCBCFEDE4B1F" box="[151,301,800,824]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR01277</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFEBEFCBCFE064B7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909155" collectingDate="1989-12-14" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="Uurhoogte &amp; M. W. Mansell &amp; H. &amp; U. Aspock" elevation="1266" location="11 km E Fraserburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR01347" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jager">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFEBEFCBCFEAE4B1F" box="[314,349,800,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFEE2FCBCFE784B1F" box="[358,395,800,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFE1EFC83FDE14B1F" box="[410,530,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Uurhoogte</collectorName>
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFD9FFCBCFCF04B1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFD9FFCBCFCF04B1F" box="[539,771,799,824]" name="11 km E Fraserburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Jager">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFD9FFCBCFD904B1F" box="[539,611,799,824]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
E Fraserburg
</location>
, 31.50.56S 21.35.59E,
<elevation id="001EC811FFD3C41BFB8AFC83FBAD4B1F" box="[1038,1118,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.266" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1266.0">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFB8AFC83FBAD4B1F" box="[1038,1118,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.266" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1266.0">1266m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFBE8FC83FB1D4B1F" box="[1132,1262,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1989-12-14">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFBE8FC83FB1D4B1F" box="[1132,1262,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1989-12-14">14.xii.1989</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFB78FC83FA6B4B1F" box="[1276,1432,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">M.W.Mansell</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFF13FCD8FEB84B7A" box="[151,331,836,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">H.&amp; U.Aspöck</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFEDBFCD8FE064B7B" box="[351,501,836,860]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR01347</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFD8DFCD8FD924BA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909139" collectingDate="1988-02-08" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="Sterkfontein Farm" elevation="1226" location="Calvinia District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR01355" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jager">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFD8DFCD8FDDF4B7B" box="[521,556,836,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFDB8FCD8FDAC4B7B" box="[572,607,836,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFDF2FCD8FCBD4B7B" box="[630,846,836,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Sterkfontein Farm</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFCE6FCD8FBDB4B7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFCE6FCD8FBDB4B7A" box="[866,1064,836,861]" name="Calvinia District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Jager">Calvinia District</location>
, 31.49.26S 20.29.28E,
<elevation id="001EC811FFD3C41BFAC3FCD8FA6B4B7A" box="[1351,1432,836,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.226" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1226.0">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFAC3FCD8FA6B4B7A" box="[1351,1432,836,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.226" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1226.0">1226m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFF13FCFBFF0F4BA7" box="[151,252,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-02-08">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFF13FCFBFF0F4BA7" box="[151,252,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-02-08">8.ii.1988</date>
</collectingDate>
, same collectors,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFE4FFCFBFD924BA7" box="[459,609,871,896]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR01355</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 2♀, Fraserburg, 31.55.00S 21.30.49E,
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFBADFCFBFB894BA7" box="[1065,1146,871,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3569999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1357.0">1357m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFB0CFCFBFAF94BA7" box="[1160,1290,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1986-12-15">15.xii.1986</date>
, M.de Jager, NEUR02366; 1♂, (Wings folded) Snyderspoort Pass, 31.55.53S 20.42.27E,
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFB98FC10FB9F4B82" box="[1052,1132,908,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.254" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1254.0">1254m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFBF9FC10FB0C4B82" box="[1149,1279,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-12-31">31.xii.1988</date>
, R.B. Miller, NEUR02378;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFEBDFC2CFEDF4BCB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909150" collectingDate="1988-12-25" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="Wings" elevation="1152" location="5 km N Middelpos" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR02379" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jager">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFEBDFC2CFEAE4BEF" box="[313,349,944,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, (
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFEF7FC33FE4E4BEF" box="[371,445,943,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Wings</collectorName>
folded),
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFDA1FC33FD0C4BEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFDA1FC33FD0C4BEF" box="[549,767,943,968]" name="5 km N Middelpos" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Jager">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFDA1FC33FD934BEF" box="[549,608,943,968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
N Middelpos
</location>
, 31.52.00S 20.15.34E,
<elevation id="001EC811FFD3C41BFB8CFC33FBA44BEF" box="[1032,1111,943,968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.152" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1152.0">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFB8CFC33FBA44BEF" box="[1032,1111,943,968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.152" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1152.0">1152m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFBE7FC33FB164BEF" box="[1123,1253,943,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-12-25">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFBE7FC33FB164BEF" box="[1123,1253,943,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1988-12-25">25.xii.1988</date>
</collectingDate>
, same collector,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFF13FC48FEDF4BCB" box="[151,300,980,1004]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR02379</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 1♀, Kenhardt, 29.20.57S
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFDE4FC48FD364BCB" box="[608,709,980,1004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="03-09-21">21.09.03</date>
E,
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFD67FC48FCD54BCB" box="[739,806,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.94" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="794.0">794m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFCB7FC48FC454BCA" box="[819,950,980,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2006-12-14">14.xii.2006</date>
, A.K.Brinkman, JBNE00566 (JBBC);
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFAF6FC48FAAC4C37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909146" collectingDate="01-12-31" collectingDateMax="2009-01-24" collectingDateMin="01-12-31" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="Kelkiewyn Farm &amp; C. H. Scholtz" elevation="681" location="Calvinia District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR09896" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Jager">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFAF6FC48FA664BCB" box="[1394,1429,980,1004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFF13FC6BFEAC4C28" box="[151,351,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Kelkiewyn Farm</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFEF6FC6BFDC44C37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A9E34FFD6C41BFF13FEEEFBBA4E9A:8EEC79F9FFD3C41BFEF6FC6BFDC44C37" box="[370,567,1015,1040]" name="Calvinia District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" stateProvince="Jager">Calvinia District</location>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFDCEFC64FD5D4C37" box="[586,686,1016,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="01-12-31">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFDCEFC64FD5D4C37" box="[586,686,1016,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="01-12-31">31.12.01</date>
</collectingDate>
S 19.41.33E,
<elevation id="001EC811FFD3C41BFCD0FC6BFC644C37" box="[852,919,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.81" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="681.0">
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFCD0FC6BFC644C37" box="[852,919,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.81" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="681.0">681m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFC2EFC6BFBE44C37" box="[938,1047,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2009-01-24">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFC2EFC6BFBE44C37" box="[938,1047,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2009-01-24">24.i.2009</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26C64AF4FFD3C41BFBAEFC6BFB464C37" box="[1066,1205,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">C.H.Scholtz</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFB4DFC6BFAAC4C37" box="[1225,1375,1015,1040]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR09896</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 1♀, Trawal, 31.50.39S 18.38.14E,
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFD87FB80FDC44C12" box="[515,567,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="52.0">52m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFDCEFB80FD454C12" box="[586,694,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="2015-01-23">23.i.2015</date>
, H.Basson, NEUR12106; 1♂ 1♀, Lang Hoogte Mine Office, 29.32.19S 17.23.27E,
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFE15FBDCFE274C7F" box="[401,468,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="104.0">104m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFE64FBA3FDB54C7F" box="[480,582,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1996-02-09">9.ii.1996</date>
, A.J.van Wyk, NEUR02381;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFC10FBDCFEDF4C5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909148" collectingDate="1997-01-12" collectingDateMax="2009-01-24" collectingDateMin="01-12-31" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="Kelkiewyn Farm &amp; C. H. Scholtz" elevation="681" location="Calvinia District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR03812" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Jager">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFC10FBDCFC444C7F" box="[916,951,1088,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFC3AFBA3FC104C7F" box="[958,995,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
, same locality and collector,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFAA8FBA3FA6B4C7F" box="[1324,1432,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1997-01-12">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFAA8FBA3FA6B4C7F" box="[1324,1432,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1997-01-12">12.i.1997</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFF13FBF8FEDF4C5B" box="[151,300,1124,1148]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR03812</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFEBBFBF8FBF84C5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909163" box="[319,1035,1124,1149]" collectingDate="1997-02-06" collectingDateMax="2009-01-24" collectingDateMin="01-12-31" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="Kelkiewyn Farm &amp; C. H. Scholtz" elevation="681" location="Calvinia District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR03813" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jager">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFEBBFBF8FE914C5B" box="[319,354,1124,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFEEBFBF8FE614C5B" box="[367,402,1124,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality and collector,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFD79FBF8FC914C5A" box="[765,866,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1997-02-06">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFD79FBF8FC914C5A" box="[765,866,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1997-02-06">6.ii.1997</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFCF1FBF8FBF84C5B" box="[885,1035,1124,1148]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR03813</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B257FFFD3C41BFB99FBF8FE5F4C87" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950909057" collectingDate="1997-02-25" collectingDateMax="2009-01-24" collectingDateMin="01-12-31" collectionCode="NEUR" collectorName="Kelkiewyn Farm &amp; C. H. Scholtz" elevation="681" location="Calvinia District" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="NEUR03814" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Jager">
<specimenCount id="9D35E4ABFFD3C41BFB99FBF8FBB34C5B" box="[1053,1088,1124,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality and collector,
<collectingDate id="EFC9F00AFFD3C41BFF13FB1BFEF84C87" box="[151,267,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1997-02-25">
<date id="FF8D09E2FFD3C41BFF13FB1BFEF84C87" box="[151,267,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" value="1997-02-25">25.ii.1997</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCode id="DB958759FFD3C41BFE92FB14FE5F4C87" box="[278,428,1160,1184]" collectionCode="NEUR" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">NEUR03814</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3297CA9FFD3C41BFF43FB30FBBA4E9A" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8C2F22FFD3C41BFF43FB30FBBA4E9A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFF43FB30FEBC4CE2" bold="true" box="[199,335,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFEDAFB30FDA74CE3" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" box="[350,596,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFEDAFB30FDA74CE3" box="[350,596,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Myrmeleon sinuatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was named and described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFC5CFB30FB724CE3" box="[984,1153,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref12586" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1811) Suite de l'Introduction a l'Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Encyclopedie Methodique. Dictionnaire des Insectes, 8, 118 - 128." type="journal article">Olivier (1811)</bibRefCitation>
from “Cap de Bonne- Efpérance” from a drawing by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFD81FB53FD624CCF" box="[517,657,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref12656" refString="Seba, A. (1765) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, peruniversam physices historiam. Opus, cui in hoc genere, nullum parexstitit. Ex tototerrarum orbecollegit, digessit, descripsit, et depingendum curavit Albertus Seba. 4. M. E. Guerin, Strassbourg &amp; Paris, 185 pp. [pp. 42 - 226]" type="book chapter">Seba (1765)</bibRefCitation>
who did not provide a name or description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFB20FB4CFACA4CCF" box="[1188,1337,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref11808" refString="Brauer, F. (1867) Ueber Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier als Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Myrmeleoniden-Genera: Palpares, Stenares und Acanthaclisis. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 519 - 520." type="journal article">Brauer 1867</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFAD4FB4DFF124D2A" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref11808" refString="Brauer, F. (1867) Ueber Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier als Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Myrmeleoniden-Genera: Palpares, Stenares und Acanthaclisis. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 519 - 520." type="journal article">Brauer (1867)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFEE6FB68FDF24D2B" box="[354,513,1268,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref12586" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1811) Suite de l'Introduction a l'Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Encyclopedie Methodique. Dictionnaire des Insectes, 8, 118 - 128." type="journal article">Olivier (1811)</bibRefCitation>
had naïvely cited Albertus Seba’s drawing under the name “dans le cabinet de feu M. Alberti”, thereby obscuring the association of Seba’s (1765) drawing with his (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFBBDFA8BFB394D17" box="[1081,1226,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref12586" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1811) Suite de l'Introduction a l'Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Encyclopedie Methodique. Dictionnaire des Insectes, 8, 118 - 128." type="journal article">Olivier 1811</bibRefCitation>
) description of
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFAF9FA85FEF64D73" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFAF9FA85FEF24D73" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatum">M. sinuatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This was perpetuated by Hagen (1866) who tentatively listed Seba’s illustration under
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFABCFAA0FE984D5F" authority="Rambur" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFABCFAA0FEF54D5F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Palpares latipennis</emphasis>
Rambur
</taxonomicName>
, while citing
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFD88FAFDFD684D5F" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" box="[524,667,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFD88FAFDFD684D5F" box="[524,667,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">M. sinuatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
separately under
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFCEEFAC3FC194D5F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[874,1002,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFCEEFAC3FC194D5F" box="[874,1002,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Myrmeleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFC7FFAFDFB684D5F" box="[1019,1179,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref11808" refString="Brauer, F. (1867) Ueber Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier als Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Myrmeleoniden-Genera: Palpares, Stenares und Acanthaclisis. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 519 - 520." type="journal article">Brauer (1867)</bibRefCitation>
drew attention to this anomaly, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFEBDFA19FE254DBB" box="[313,470,1412,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref11898" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1887) Stray notes on Myrmeleonidae, Part 2. Canadian Entomologist, 19, 133 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 19133 - 7" type="journal article">Hagen (1887)</bibRefCitation>
replied that it had been a typographical error where Seba’s
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD3C41BFB16FA18FB244DBA" box="[1170,1239,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES4–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[172,1426,689,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[162,1426,687,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES4–9. Crambomorphussinuatus. Male terminalia:4, lateral; 5, ventral; 6, dorsal; 7,Hypandrium internumventral; 8, Hypandrium internum lateral; 9, sternite 9 detail. Epr = Ectoproct, Gb = Gonarcal bulla, Pa = Paramere, T9 = Tergite 9, IX = Sternite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183074/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(1765) had been incorrectly cited instead of
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD3C41BFE5CFA3BFDD84DE7" box="[472,555,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–17" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,193,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1437,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 16–17. Crambomorphus kalaharicus n.sp. 16, male habitus (Forewing length 60 mm); 17, female habitus (Forewing length 71 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CCB82C7FFD3C41BFD8BFA34FDD84DE7" box="[527,555,1448,1472]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" unit="in" value="17.0">17</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in his paper (Hagen 1866). All that remains of the
<typeStatus id="54889180FFD3C41BFB14FA3BFB014DE7" box="[1168,1266,1447,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(the specimen represented in Seba’s drawing) are the two pairs of wings mounted on a card in RMNH. A photograph is available (
<figureCitation id="130833A7FFD3C41BFF1BFA73FF134E2F" box="[159,224,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[388,1195,1413,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[388,1199,1413,1750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype, Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier, 1811, (Crambomorphus sinuatus). Rijksmuseum, Leiden. Photo: J. van Tol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183070/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) and is sufficient to confirm the identity of the species. See also, van der
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFB9BFA73FB494E2F" box="[1055,1210,1519,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref12765" refString="Van der Weele, H. W. (1903) The types of Ascalaphus maculatus Oliv., Myrmeleon bifasciatum Oliv. and Myrmeleon sinuatum Oliv. rediscovered. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 24, 167 - 168." type="journal article">Weele (1903)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFB40FA73FA6F4E2F" box="[1220,1436,1519,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref11846" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1863) Ueber einige neue Planipennien aus den Familien der Hemerobiiden und Panorpiden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 24, 168 - 188." type="journal article">Gerstaecker (1863)</bibRefCitation>
added a second species,
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFE43F988FD2C4E0A" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1863" box="[455,735,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematogaster">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFE43F988FD2C4E0A" box="[455,735,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Palpares haematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from “Caffraria” (
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC4AF988FB114E0A" box="[974,1250,1556,1581]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC4AF988FB9F4E0B" box="[974,1132,1556,1580]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC4AF988FBD74E0B" box="[974,1060,1556,1580]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Eastern</collectingRegion>
Cape
</collectingRegion>
Province
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3246FB2FFD3C41BFB70F988FA634E0A" box="[1268,1424,1556,1581]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">South Africa</collectingCountry>
), collected by Drége. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFD85F9A4FD774E77" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[513,644,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Crambomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFD85F9A4FD774E77" box="[513,644,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">C. sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known from the
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC2DF9A5FBB54E77" box="[937,1094,1592,1616]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFC2DF9A5FC0E4E77" box="[937,1021,1593,1616]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Eastern</collectingRegion>
Cape
</collectingRegion>
, so Gerstaecker’s concept of “Caffraria” probably included the
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFD9CF9C1FCD34E52" box="[536,800,1628,1653]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFD9CF9C1FD464E53" box="[536,693,1628,1652]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="49F7E1C0FFD3C41BFD9CF9C1FD804E53" box="[536,627,1629,1652]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">Western</collectingRegion>
Cape
</collectingRegion>
Province
</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="F3246FB2FFD3C41BFCC1F9C0FC2A4E52" box="[837,985,1628,1653]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. This specimen is in excellent condition in ZMHB where I have examined it. A comparison of these two specimens confirms that
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFB21F91DFA994EBF" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1863" box="[1189,1386,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematogaster">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFB21F91DFA994EBF" box="[1189,1386,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">P. haematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3354A1FFD3C41BFEE8F939FE0A4E9B" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" box="[364,505,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis id="B947F330FFD3C41BFEE8F939FE0A4E9B" box="[364,505,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="472">M. sinuatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, thereby supporting the synonymy of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA252D3FFD3C41BFC20F939FBB74E9A" box="[932,1092,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="472" refId="ref11808" refString="Brauer, F. (1867) Ueber Myrmeleon sinuatum Olivier als Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Myrmeleoniden-Genera: Palpares, Stenares und Acanthaclisis. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 519 - 520." type="journal article">Brauer (1867)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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