125 lines
13 KiB
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125 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="6E50991E61C99063E0D295E5E4851F01" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9361046192" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726018522948" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Fox, Nathaniel S., Takeuchi, Gary T., Farrell, Aisling B. & Blois, Jessica L." docDate="2022" docId="03AE87D526165206FC2AFB8170C17671" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.36.46192.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios (46192) 36" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2D14AFDE223D5FD9EB1703D6A63DEF6C.1:PaleoBios.2018-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="2D14AFDE223D5FD9EB1703D6A63DEF6C" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2018-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Sylvilagus bachmani WATERHOUSE 1839" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF97FFAD261D520AFF8EFFF972547770" masterDocTitle="A protocol for differentiating late Quaternary leporids in southern California with remarks on Project 23 lagomorphs at Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California, USA" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1726077306064" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F4B2290ED2496843F85785FF09BB45C6">
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<mods:title id="DBE03AF4990A6783DFEDE25D4BCE5F84">A protocol for differentiating late Quaternary leporids in southern California with remarks on Project 23 lagomorphs at Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California, USA</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="05573AD93A99740B0E6750FE6B69FD10" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D64713701881DE0E53C4CE8707C20DAD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2D6F9F54CD0ED9FFC1BECDD9C6DC9C20">Fox, Nathaniel S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="830F427DBB22A6B20DB34613CF745DE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0A586C1ACF8885F208469B97BB6D71FB">Takeuchi, Gary T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="38BEBBB990C1E02D0EB88DDAA1D56A53" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BED5CBBBBA03CAE7854F36D4E0038109">Farrell, Aisling B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E8CDF1BE6D2DE374AC813C0E04E9A119" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E992FFAD864B0A73FD3B2F94F9906F50">Blois, Jessica L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1D729B6F161367D74BB31B8364512AAF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A6D349E3135D2F3CA24C81C4FD899695">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="94F360DD468E5B4F0904AE1FEBE30642">
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<mods:date id="FAFB24CB37D6BAB1F99E852B533627C1">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B13664BE1DFB022735110653BCE34278" type="series">
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<mods:title id="F4951B458B5A810558E2F14DA4F5CF02">46192</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="AB0DA9D6612FB449034435936EC20840">36</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CFAD072AAA7745B644BB7B32F081D6D4">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="85A43770D7BBAAEC296EFAD8784EBE5C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3EA492E0B8870CDDD5B15FD2C0666474" type="DOI">10.5070/P9361046192</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="89F1FBD566F1AF661F3D5BAB1D91D702" type="ISSN">0031-0298</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03AE87D526165206FC2AFB8170C17671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87D526165206FC2AFB8170C17671" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87D526165206FC2AFB8170C17671" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C31D654826165201FC2AFB8177D973FF" box="[932,1421,1143,1167]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB836C326165201FC2AFB8177D973FF" blockId="11.[932,1421,1143,1167]" box="[932,1421,1143,1167]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0F081AF26165201FC2AFB8177D973FF" allCaps="true" box="[932,1421,1143,1167]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D4026165201FC2AFB8177D973FF" ID-CoL="53N8Q" authority="WATERHOUSE 1839" authorityName="WATERHOUSE" authorityYear="1839" box="[932,1421,1143,1167]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bachmani">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FC2AFB8176E473FF" box="[932,1200,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI</emphasis>
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WATERHOUSE 1839
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D654826165201FCEFFB577649720A" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB836C326165201FCEFFB577649720A" blockId="11.[833,1521,1198,1931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FCEFFB57763C73B8" bold="true" box="[865,1128,1198,1224]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Referred specimens</emphasis>
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—
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<collectionCode id="ED16AE0626165201FB08FB5776BA73B9" box="[1158,1262,1198,1225]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">LACMP</collectionCode>
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23-32045, left dentary fragment with p3. The following specimens represent complete left p3s:
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<collectionCode id="ED16AE0626165201FBA1FB0C76CC727F" box="[1071,1176,1269,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">LACMP</collectionCode>
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23-29229,
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<collectionCode id="ED16AE0626165201FA9BFB0C77D4727F" box="[1301,1408,1269,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">LACMP</collectionCode>
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23-33861. The following specimens represent complete right p3s:
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<collectionCode id="ED16AE0626165201FCCFFAC571FF7226" box="[833,939,1340,1366]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">LACMP</collectionCode>
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23-28082,
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<collectionCode id="ED16AE0626165201FBA7FAC276C77225" box="[1065,1171,1339,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">LACMP</collectionCode>
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23-34262,
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<collectionCode id="ED16AE0626165201FA9CFAC277287226" box="[1298,1404,1339,1366]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">LACMP</collectionCode>
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23-35844,
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<collectionCode id="ED16AE0626165201FCCFFAA671FF720A" box="[833,939,1375,1402]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">LACMP</collectionCode>
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23-36615.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D654826165206FCEFFA7B70C17671" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB836C326165206FCEFFA7B70C17671" blockId="11.[833,1521,1198,1931]" lastBlockId="12.[112,801,195,257]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FCEFFA7B718D72EC" bold="true" box="[865,985,1410,1436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
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—
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<specimenCount id="9D01FD4A26165201FC76FA7B769F72EC" box="[1016,1227,1410,1436]" count="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="generic">Seven specimens</specimenCount>
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from Project 23 are assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D4026165201FC39FA5F761E72CF" authorityName="WATERHOUSE" authorityYear="1839" box="[951,1098,1445,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bachmani">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FC39FA5F761E72CF" box="[951,1098,1445,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">S. bachmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on simple p3 crenulation at the occlusal surface and base of the tooth, p3 lengths <
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<quantity id="4CFF9B2626165201FA42FA3071277177" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
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, and a mean p3 l/w>1.25 (
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<tableCitation id="C685037826165201FB39FA1577477176" box="[1207,1299,1516,1542]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[112,173,196,217]" captionText="Table 2. Confusion matrices depicting radom forest classification results of four leporid dataset trials. Trials titled “Three species” show classification results for species currently distributed in low-elevation areas of southern California only (i.e., Lepus californicus, S. audubonii, and S. bachmani). Trials titled “Six species” show results for all species observed in this study. Trials titled “all variables” indicate that all six measured variables of p3 length, p3 width, p3 length-to-width-ratio, p3 crenulation pattern, diastema length, and toothrow length are included in the analysis. Trials titled “p3 variables only” indicate that only the first four p3 variables are included. The number of vari- ables for splitting at each node was set to six for “all variables” and four for “p3 variables only.” All trials were run on 1000 trees." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Table 2</tableCitation>
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, Figs. 4, 5D). Since adult individuals of this species usually exhibit simple crenulation (Table 1; Fig. 4), it is difficult to identify juveniles from surface-base changes in crenulation complexity. However, specimens can be identified as juvenile if the width at the occlusal surface is less than the width at the tooth base (White 1991). Excluding potential juvenile p3s of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D4026165201FC6AF91D762C718E" authorityName="WATERHOUSE" authorityYear="1839" box="[996,1144,1764,1790]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bachmani">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FC6AF91D71A6718E" box="[996,1010,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FC71F91D762C718E" box="[1023,1144,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">bachmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Project 23, the sample is ~11% smaller than recent
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D4026165201FB05F8FE77497051" authorityName="WATERHOUSE" authorityYear="1839" box="[1163,1309,1799,1825]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bachmani">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FB05F8FE76CD7051" box="[1163,1177,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FB2AF8FE77497051" box="[1188,1309,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">bachmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(mean=
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<quantity id="4CFF9B2626165201FA0CF8FE77B87051" box="[1410,1516,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.19">2.19mm</quantity>
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,
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<quantity id="4CFF9B2626165201FCCFF8D371FE7034" box="[833,938,1834,1860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.71">1.71mm</quantity>
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, and 1.28 for p3 length, width, and l/w respectively; Fig. 4; Appendix
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<tableCitation id="C685037826165201FBDBF8B476FA7017" box="[1109,1198,1869,1895]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[112,173,196,217]" captionText="Table 2. Confusion matrices depicting radom forest classification results of four leporid dataset trials. Trials titled “Three species” show classification results for species currently distributed in low-elevation areas of southern California only (i.e., Lepus californicus, S. audubonii, and S. bachmani). Trials titled “Six species” show results for all species observed in this study. Trials titled “all variables” indicate that all six measured variables of p3 length, p3 width, p3 length-to-width-ratio, p3 crenulation pattern, diastema length, and toothrow length are included in the analysis. Trials titled “p3 variables only” indicate that only the first four p3 variables are included. The number of vari- ables for splitting at each node was set to six for “all variables” and four for “p3 variables only.” All trials were run on 1000 trees." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Size changes between extant (n=30) and fossil (n=7)
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D4026165201FB12F888777B70FA" authorityName="WATERHOUSE" authorityYear="1839" box="[1180,1327,1904,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bachmani">
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FB12F88876FE70FB" box="[1180,1194,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B973EAD126165201FB38F889777B70FA" box="[1206,1327,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">bachmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are statistically significant (t=2.8861, df=8.2077, p=0.0198 for p3 length; t=4.6124, df=12.923, p<0.001 for p3 width).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |