223 lines
26 KiB
XML
223 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="F1984030AC5B8915E880616D733EF365" ID-CLB-Dataset="22829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fa4a4ce-5db2-4d06-adeb-db21b0574cef" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764018" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B47DC09C-181A-4DFE-B415-770AFFC11BD3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587671180438" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2020" docId="03AE8786FFB4D54BFF4024EEFD27591F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4766.2.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4766 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dytaster insignis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="212" masterDocId="FF97FFFEFFBDD540FFD72117FFDE5D28" masterDocTitle="New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="210" updateTime="1698835771181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="81A74E31F9BD1C8BD7B62B892135F047">New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D3A241DE7028EF7D267C331A4C3FA9A4">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CCBC4F129B9D72A516AA4A98D3F69127">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FA0517533A0279E9A1846F67B0C378DE">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AE8786FFB4D54BFF4024EEFD27591F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803751" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803751" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FFB4D54BFF4024EEFD27591F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8786FFB4D54BFF4024EEFD27591F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFB4D549FF4024EEFDC75B3B" box="[151,537,1529,1555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB4D549FF4024EEFDC75B3B" blockId="9.[151,537,1529,1590]" box="[151,537,1529,1555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
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<heading id="D0F081FCFFB4D549FF4024EEFDC75B3B" bold="true" box="[151,537,1529,1555]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB4D549FF4024EEFDC75B3B" ID-CoL="38BC4" authority="(Perrier 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,537,1529,1555]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB4D549FF4024EEFDC75B3B" bold="true" box="[151,537,1529,1555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB4D549FF4024EEFEBD5B3B" bold="true" box="[151,355,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Dytaster insignis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFB4D549FEA624EEFDCF5B3B" author="Perrier, E." box="[369,529,1529,1555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref31269" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragace faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Archives (Museum national d'histoire naturelle, France), 2 (6), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">Perrier 1884</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFB4D549FF40270BFEF45B1E" box="[151,298,1564,1590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB4D549FF40270BFEF45B1E" blockId="9.[151,537,1529,1590]" box="[151,298,1564,1590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FFB4D549FF40270BFF2B5B1E" box="[151,245,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1946,1971]" captionTargetBox="[398,1191,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[388,1199,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paxillosida. Dytaster insignis A. Orange form. West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2987 m. B. White form, Perdido Canyon, Gulf of Mexico, 26.1471, 94.86584, 2745 m. C. Cheiraster cf. echinulatus Pourtales Terrace, Gulf of Mexico, 332 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764026/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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A–B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFB4D549FF402775FE835A63" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB4D549FF402775FE835A63" blockId="9.[151,1437,1633,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB4D549FF402775FF295B53" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,247,1634,1659]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB4D549FF402775FF295B53" box="[151,247,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Dytaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is identified based on the numerous and complete series of sharp spines present on the superomarginal and inferomarginal series. Most characters determining Atlantic
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB4D549FC962793FC7E5BB6" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[833,928,1668,1694]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Dytaster</taxonomicName>
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spp. require a specimen, however
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFB4D549FAFA2793FE975BE8" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="9" pageNumber="210" refId="ref28216" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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illustrate the proximity of the madreporite to the superomarginal plates as a diagnostic character for
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB4D549FF1727DDFEA05BCB" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[192,382,1737,1763]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB4D549FF1727DDFEA05BCB" box="[192,382,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Dytaster grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB4D549FE6127DDFDAB5BCB" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[438,629,1738,1763]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB4D549FE6127DDFDAB5BCB" box="[438,629,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Dytaster insignis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which both occur in the Gulf of
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFB4D549FC2527DEFB955BCB" box="[1010,1099,1737,1763]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB4D549FB8027DDFACB5BCB" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1111,1301,1737,1763]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB4D549FB8027DDFACB5BCB" box="[1111,1301,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Dytaster grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possesses a madreporite in direct contact with the superomarginals versus
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB4D549FC8127FBFC0E5A2D" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[854,976,1772,1797]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB4D549FC8127FBFC0E5A2D" box="[854,976,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">D. insignis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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whose madreporite is located well away from the superomarginal plates. Both observations listed below show the latter character, identifying this species as
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB4D549FF402625FE885A63" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,342,1842,1867]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB4D549FF402625FE885A63" box="[151,342,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Dytaster insignis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFB4D549FF102643FBE65AD0" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB4D549FF102643FBE65AD0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1633,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
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Both individuals appeared to be the same species, but two colors morphs were observed, a deep orange form from the West
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFB4D549FEEC2661FE525AB8" box="[315,396,1910,1936]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Florida</collectingRegion>
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Escarpment (
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFB4D549FDF12661FDA35AB9" box="[550,637,1910,1937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9869999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="m" value="2987.0">2987 m</quantity>
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) and a white colored form from Period Canyon (
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFB4D549FB492662FB275AB9" box="[1182,1273,1909,1937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.745" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="m" value="2745.0">2745 m</quantity>
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). Based on the laser based scale bars projected by the ROV, the Perdido Canyon specimen was half the size (R=10.0 cm diameter) than the
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFB4D549FF2E26ABFE945AFE" box="[249,330,1980,2006]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Florida</collectingRegion>
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Escarpment specimen (R=~20.0 cm diameter) suggesting that color could be correlated with size. The different localities and available food might also explain the variation in color.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF786618FFB7D54AFF40268DFF005AD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764026/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" startId="10.[151,250,1946,1971]" targetBox="[398,1191,193,1912]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB7D54AFF40268DFF005AD2" blockId="10.[151,1437,1946,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB7D54AFF40268DFE4B5A9B" bold="true" box="[151,405,1946,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
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FIGURE 4.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB7D54AFECF268DFE4E5A9B" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[280,400,1946,1971]" class="Asteroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB7D54AFE4C268CFD6B5A9B" authority="A. Orange" authorityName="A. Orange" box="[411,693,1946,1971]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB7D54AFE4C268CFD995A9A" box="[411,583,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Dytaster insignis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB7D54AFD9C268DFDBA5A9B" bold="true" box="[587,612,1946,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">A.</emphasis>
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Orange
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</taxonomicName>
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form. West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, 2987 m.
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB7D54AFAD3268CFAC55A9B" bold="true" box="[1284,1307,1947,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">B.</emphasis>
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White form, Perdido Canyon, Gulf of Mexico, 26.1471, 94.86584, 2745 m.
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB7D54AFCC526A9FCF55AFF" bold="true" box="[786,811,1982,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">C.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB7D54AFCE626A9FAF95AFF" authority="Pourtales Terrace, Gulf" authorityName="Pourtales Terrace, Gulf" box="[817,1319,1982,2007]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Cheiraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinulatus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB7D54AFCE626A9FC435AFE" box="[817,925,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Cheiraster</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB7D54AFC1426A9FBE65AFE" box="[963,1080,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">echinulatus</emphasis>
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Pourtales Terrace, Gulf
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</taxonomicName>
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of Mexico, 332 m.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFB6D54BFF40218EFA4F5C6B" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB6D54BFF40218EFE735D9B" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,863]" box="[151,429,153,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFF40218EFE735D9B" box="[151,429,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Ecological Observations</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB6D54BFF1021AAFA4F5C6B" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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Although well represented in museum collections,
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFCDD21A9FC8E5DFF" box="[778,848,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">in situ</emphasis>
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video observations of this species, by
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB6D54BFADC21AAFF025DD3" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFADC21AAFF025DD3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, are the first of this species from the Gulf of
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFB6D54BFD3A21F6FC985DD3" box="[749,838,225,251]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFB6D54BFC8521F6FBFA5DD3" author="Tyler, P. A. & Billett, D. S. M. & Gage, J. D." box="[850,1060,225,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="173 - 180" refId="ref31838" refString="Tyler, P. A., Billett, D. S. M. & Gage, J. D. (1990) Seasonal reproduction in the sea star Dytaster grandis from 4000 m in the North-East Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70, 173 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400034299" type="journal article" year="1990">
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Tyler
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFC4121F5FC175DD3" box="[918,969,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">et al</emphasis>
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. (1990)
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</bibRefCitation>
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show a single photo of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB6D54BFAEB21F5FF335C37" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFAEB21F5FF335C37" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Dytaster grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on bottom settings amidst phyotdetritus at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFB6D54BFD002013FCF25C37" box="[727,812,260,287]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Northeast Atlantic.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFB6D54BFB802012FAFA5C37" author="Tyler, P. A. & Billett, D. S. M. & Gage, J. D." box="[1111,1316,261,287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="173 - 180" refId="ref31838" refString="Tyler, P. A., Billett, D. S. M. & Gage, J. D. (1990) Seasonal reproduction in the sea star Dytaster grandis from 4000 m in the North-East Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70, 173 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400034299" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Tyler
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFB4E2011FB155C37" box="[1177,1227,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1990)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB6D54BFF40203DFE8B5C6B" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,341,297,323]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFF40203DFE8B5C6B" box="[151,341,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Dytaster grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was omnivorous, summarizing gut contents of various prey items but also phytodetritus as food.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFB6D54BFF10205AFD27591F" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB6D54BFF10205AFF3E5CDF" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB6D54BFED0205AFE5D5C4F" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[263,387,333,359]" class="Asteroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been characterized as burying themselves in the subsurface of weakly consolidated sediment (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFB6D54BFEC72066FE715CA3" author="Jangoux, M." box="[272,431,369,395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="117 - 159" refId="ref29272" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) Food and feeding mechanisms: Asteroidea. In: Jangoux, M. & Lawrence, A. A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Nutri- tion. Balkema Rotterdam, pp. 117 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFB6D54BFE6C2066FD635CA3" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[443,701,369,395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" refId="ref28216" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) based primarily on trawled sediment and gut contents as well as comparisons with similar shallow-water taxa. But first hand observations of many deep-sea
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB6D54BFB752082FAFF5C87" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[1186,1313,405,431]" class="Asteroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially those at abyssal depths is lacking and suggests a more variable lifestyle than that of consistent, long-term subsurface burial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB6D54BFF102316FC265F4B" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Video of the individual from Period Canyon suggests at least partial burial with disk and arms emerging from very flocculent sediment. Arms were flush with the sediment with spines projecting upwards and away from the body. The disk was strongly swollen and appeared to be filled with sediment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB6D54BFF10237AFCEE5E77" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
This is contrasted with the second image showing the individual which was observed moving across the sedimented surface of the West
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFB6D54BFE062386FDFC5F83" box="[465,546,657,683]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
Escarpment with arms lifted well above the bottom by its tube feet. This latter individual had a greatly enlarged disk, apparently filled with sediment and including what appeared to be a discrete turret on top of the disk, which gradually lost shape and seemed to return in shape with the top of the disk.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFB6D54BFAEB23CDFA425FDB" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1340,1436,730,755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFAEB23CDFA425FDB" box="[1340,1436,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Dytaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other astropectinids lack an anus and discharge finished, digested sediment back through the mouth back out onto the sea bottom. This could explain one possible role of movement in this species, i.e., the need to discharge inorganic sediment to the environment following digestion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB6D54BFF402299FE815E8F" blockId="11.[151,1106,909,1079]" box="[151,351,909,935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFB6D54BFF402299FE815E8F" box="[151,351,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Images Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB6D54BFF1022A6FCDF5EC7" blockId="11.[151,1106,909,1079]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
white. Perdido Canyon, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFB6D54BFDF822A6FD595EE3" box="[559,647,945,971]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFB6D54BFD4422A6FD2F5EE3" box="[659,753,945,971]" degrees="26.1471" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" precision="5" value="26.1471">26.1471</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFB6D54BFD2B22A7FCB65EE3" box="[764,872,944,971]" degrees="94.86584" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" precision="1" value="94.86584">94.86584</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFB6D54BFCA422A7FC165EE3" box="[883,968,944,971]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.745" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="2745.0">2745 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1803_IMG_20180418T171538Z_ROVHD.jpg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFB6D54BFF1022EEFD27591F" blockId="11.[151,1106,909,1079]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
|
||
orange. West
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFB6D54BFE8822EEFE6E593B" box="[351,432,1017,1043]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
Escarpment, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFB6D54BFD7522EEFD26593B" box="[674,760,1017,1043]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFB6D54BFD2922EEFCB4593B" box="[766,874,1017,1043]" degrees="27.70883" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" precision="1" value="27.70883">27.70883</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFB6D54BFCA222EFFC35593B" box="[885,1003,1016,1043]" degrees="85.74822" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" precision="1" value="-85.74822">-85.74822</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFB6D54BFC2122EEFB90593B" box="[1014,1102,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9869999999999997" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="2987.0">2987 m</quantity>
|
||
. EX1803_IMG_20180427T153915Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |