176 lines
18 KiB
XML
176 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="9C0764DEBB132F1EEC65E75EF53B284A" ID-CLB-Dataset="22829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fa4a4ce-5db2-4d06-adeb-db21b0574cef" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764018" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B47DC09C-181A-4DFE-B415-770AFFC11BD3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587671180438" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2020" docId="03AE8786FF99D565FF40250AFCC65DD3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4766.2.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4766 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sthenaster emmae Mah 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="238" masterDocId="FF97FFFEFFBDD540FFD72117FFDE5D28" masterDocTitle="New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="237" updateTime="1698835771181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ECC23BB0E6306931C34F56EC8A98490F">New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4965914D7FB26E6E194FF11165655422">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="522655192A9291EBCC1EE5BF1729E94A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="830725EBD7121B9A3DA6D6ED693FFD16">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A75D4759F8D1FF7E748C8C2EB82029BC">2020-04-20</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AE8786FF99D565FF40250AFCC65DD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FF99D565FF40250AFCC65DD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8786FF99D565FF40250AFCC65DD3" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF40250AFDE2591F" box="[151,572,1053,1080]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF40250AFDE2591F" blockId="36.[151,572,1053,1115]" box="[151,572,1053,1080]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FF40250AFDE2591F" ID-CoL="52HCN" authority="Mah et al. 2010" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,572,1053,1080]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sthenaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emmae">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF40250AFE66591F" bold="true" box="[151,440,1053,1080]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF40250AFEAB591F" bold="true" box="[151,373,1053,1080]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Sthenaster emmae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FF99D564FEAA250AFE66591F" author="Mah, C. L. & Nizinski, M. & Lundsten, L." box="[381,440,1053,1079]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref30122" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M. & Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301, 11 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="book chapter" year="2010">Mah</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FE682509FE2C591F" box="[447,498,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">et al</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FDD6250AFDE2591F" bold="true" box="[513,572,1053,1079]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">2010</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF402556FEE45973" box="[151,314,1089,1115]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF402556FEE45973" blockId="36.[151,572,1053,1115]" box="[151,314,1089,1115]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF99D564FF402556FEDE5973" box="[151,256,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1626,1651]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,281,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,273,1601]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sthenaster emmae. A. Central Plateau scarp, 870 m. B. Central Plateau Scarp, 874 m C. Central Plateau Scarp, 865 m D. Richardson’s Jellyfish, 865 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764052/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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A–D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF40259DFB845853" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF40259DFAA45827" blockId="36.[151,1437,1161,1403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF40259DFF00598B" box="[151,222,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">In situ</emphasis>
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images of this species were identified based on the distinctive arrangement of abactinal plates as well as the wide superomarginal interradial plates. This is contrasted with those in
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FC7925BAFBE959EF" box="[942,1079,1197,1223]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FC7925BAFBE959EF" box="[942,1079,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which are more elongate. Color in life of this species is white on the disk surface with darker orange plates. Arms are a more solid colored light orange. A second morphotype, of what is interpreted as a smaller individual was a uniform pink-brown in color.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF10240EFB845853" blockId="36.[151,1437,1161,1403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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New observations of this species in conjunction with the extensive survey observations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FB18240EFA43581B" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[1231,1437,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FB18240EFA43581B" box="[1231,1437,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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throughout the Gulf of
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<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF99D564FE41242AFE32587F" box="[406,492,1341,1367]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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and adjacent regions show occurrence to be limited to the southeastern coastal region of North America, specifically, the Savannah Banks and Central Plateau Scarp region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF4024BEFB5F5B5F" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF4024BEFE2A58EB" blockId="36.[151,1437,1449,1655]" box="[151,500,1449,1475]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF4024BEFE2A58EB" box="[151,500,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Feeding & Other Observations</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF1024DAFB5F5B5F" blockId="36.[151,1437,1449,1655]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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Imagery collected by the
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FE3A24DAFD6458CF" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[493,698,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FE3A24DAFD6458CF" box="[493,698,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are the first clear observations of this species
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FB0424D9FAC458CF" box="[1235,1306,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">in situ</emphasis>
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and apparently feeding on prey. Initial determination of the predatory status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FC4C24E6FBB95B23" box="[923,1127,1521,1547]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sthenaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emmae">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FC4C24E6FBB95B23" box="[923,1127,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Sthenaster emmae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was based primarily on gut contents of the
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<typeStatus id="54BC8832FF99D564FE912702FE755B07" box="[326,427,1557,1583]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, which included spicules from
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FCDB2702FBA05B07" authority="(Verrill 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[780,1150,1557,1583]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eunicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modesta">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FCDB2702FC025B07" box="[780,988,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Eunicella modesta</emphasis>
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(Verrill 1883)
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</taxonomicName>
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as well as unclear video. Video observations captured one small individual on a denuded stalk projecting from dead
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FB5D272EFB305B7B" box="[1162,1262,1593,1619]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FB5D272EFB305B7B" box="[1162,1262,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Lophelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Other imagery captured
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<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FF28274AFEAB5B5F" authorityName="Mah, Nizinski & Lundsten" authorityYear="2010" box="[255,373,1629,1655]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sthenaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF28274AFEAB5B5F" box="[255,373,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Sthenaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a swollen disk possibly hunched over an unidentified prey item.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF4027B2FEB05BCB" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF4027B2FEB05BCB" blockId="36.[151,1437,1700,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF4027B2FEFD5B97" box="[151,291,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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Savannah Banks and off the coast of Jacksonville, FL,
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FC5D27B3FF015BCB" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Central Plateau Scarp and Richardson’s Jellyfish,</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FF3027DFFEB75BCB" box="[231,361,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.63" metricValueMax="8.74" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="563.0" valueMax="874.0" valueMin="252.0">
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252–
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FEC827DEFEB75BCB" bold="true" box="[287,361,1737,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<specimenCount id="9D01FD19FF99D564FEC827DEFEB75BCB" box="[287,361,1737,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="generic">874 m</specimenCount>
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</emphasis>
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D565FF402605FCC65DD3" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF402605FE815A03" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" box="[151,351,1809,1835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF402605FE815A03" box="[151,351,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Images Examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF102622FE815A5C" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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Central Plateau Scarp,
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FD8B2622FD015A67" box="[604,735,1845,1871]" degrees="78.088036" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="-78.088036">-78.088036</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FD392622FCE55A67" box="[750,827,1845,1871]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.74" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="874.0">874 m</quantity>
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, EX1903L2_IMG_20190629T165108Z_ROVHD.jpg (small individual)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF10266AFCF65ABF" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" box="[199,808,1916,1943]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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Central Plateau Scarp,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FE1F266BFD9C5ABF" box="[456,578,1916,1943]" degrees="30.925962" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="30.925962">30.925962</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FD9A266AFD0E5ABF" box="[589,720,1917,1943]" degrees="78.089989" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="-78.08999">-78.089989</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FD0C266BFCFA5ABF" box="[731,804,1916,1943]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="865.0">865 m</quantity>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF1026B6FC545A94" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" box="[199,906,1953,1980]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">EX1903L2_IMG_20190629T184639Z_ROVHD.jpg (swollen)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF1026D2FCC35AF7" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" box="[199,797,1989,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
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Central Plateau scarp,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FE1426D2FDE35AF7" box="[451,573,1989,2015]" degrees="30.924906" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="30.924906">30.924906</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF99D564FD9F26D2FD155AF7" box="[584,715,1989,2015]" degrees="78.088884" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" precision="1" value="-78.08888">-78.088884</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF99D564FD0126D2FCC35AF7" box="[726,797,1989,2015]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF98D565FF10218EFC545D9C" blockId="37.[199,906,153,251]" box="[199,906,153,180]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">EX1903L2_IMG_20190629T173638Z_ROVHD.jpg (swollen)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF98D565FF1021AAFCF05DFF" blockId="37.[199,906,153,251]" box="[199,814,188,215]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Richardson’s Jellyfish,
|
||
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,
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,
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<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF98D565FD3621ABFCF45DFF" box="[737,810,188,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="865.0">865 m</quantity>
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,
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<paragraph id="8BB83690FF98D565FF1021F6FCC65DD3" blockId="37.[199,906,153,251]" box="[199,792,225,251]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
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EX1903L2_IMG_20190701T
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<date id="FFB91050FF98D565FDC021F6FDB45DD3" box="[535,618,225,251]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" value="14-02-18">180214</date>
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Z_ROVHD.jpg
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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</document> |