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<document id="9C0764DEBB132F1EEC65E75EF53B284A" ID-CLB-Dataset="22829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fa4a4ce-5db2-4d06-adeb-db21b0574cef" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764018" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B47DC09C-181A-4DFE-B415-770AFFC11BD3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587671180438" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2020" docId="03AE8786FF99D565FF40250AFCC65DD3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4766.2.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4766 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sthenaster emmae Mah 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="238" masterDocId="FF97FFFEFFBDD540FFD72117FFDE5D28" masterDocTitle="New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="237" updateTime="1698835771181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ECC23BB0E6306931C34F56EC8A98490F">New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AE8786FF99D565FF40250AFCC65DD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FF99D565FF40250AFCC65DD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8786FF99D565FF40250AFCC65DD3" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF40250AFDE2591F" box="[151,572,1053,1080]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF40250AFDE2591F" blockId="36.[151,572,1053,1115]" box="[151,572,1053,1080]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FF40250AFDE2591F" ID-CoL="52HCN" authority="Mah et al. 2010" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,572,1053,1080]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sthenaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emmae">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF40250AFE66591F" bold="true" box="[151,440,1053,1080]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF40250AFEAB591F" bold="true" box="[151,373,1053,1080]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Sthenaster emmae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FF99D564FEAA250AFE66591F" author="Mah, C. L. &amp; Nizinski, M. &amp; Lundsten, L." box="[381,440,1053,1079]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref30122" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M. &amp; Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301, 11 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="book chapter" year="2010">Mah</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FE682509FE2C591F" box="[447,498,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">et al</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FDD6250AFDE2591F" bold="true" box="[513,572,1053,1079]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">2010</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF402556FEE45973" box="[151,314,1089,1115]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF402556FEE45973" blockId="36.[151,572,1053,1115]" box="[151,314,1089,1115]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="133C2A15FF99D564FF402556FEDE5973" box="[151,256,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1626,1651]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,281,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,273,1601]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sthenaster emmae. A. Central Plateau scarp, 870 m. B. Central Plateau Scarp, 874 m C. Central Plateau Scarp, 865 m D. Richardsons Jellyfish, 865 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764052/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Figure 17</figureCitation>
AD
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF40259DFB845853" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF40259DFAA45827" blockId="36.[151,1437,1161,1403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF40259DFF00598B" box="[151,222,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">In situ</emphasis>
images of this species were identified based on the distinctive arrangement of abactinal plates as well as the wide superomarginal interradial plates. This is contrasted with those in
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FC7925BAFBE959EF" box="[942,1079,1197,1223]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FC7925BAFBE959EF" box="[942,1079,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which are more elongate. Color in life of this species is white on the disk surface with darker orange plates. Arms are a more solid colored light orange. A second morphotype, of what is interpreted as a smaller individual was a uniform pink-brown in color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF10240EFB845853" blockId="36.[151,1437,1161,1403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
New observations of this species in conjunction with the extensive survey observations of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FB18240EFA43581B" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[1231,1437,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FB18240EFA43581B" box="[1231,1437,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
throughout the Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FF99D564FE41242AFE32587F" box="[406,492,1341,1367]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Mexico</collectingRegion>
and adjacent regions show occurrence to be limited to the southeastern coastal region of North America, specifically, the Savannah Banks and Central Plateau Scarp region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF4024BEFB5F5B5F" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF4024BEFE2A58EB" blockId="36.[151,1437,1449,1655]" box="[151,500,1449,1475]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF4024BEFE2A58EB" box="[151,500,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Feeding &amp; Other Observations</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF1024DAFB5F5B5F" blockId="36.[151,1437,1449,1655]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
Imagery collected by the
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FE3A24DAFD6458CF" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[493,698,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FE3A24DAFD6458CF" box="[493,698,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the first clear observations of this species
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FB0424D9FAC458CF" box="[1235,1306,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">in situ</emphasis>
and apparently feeding on prey. Initial determination of the predatory status of
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FC4C24E6FBB95B23" box="[923,1127,1521,1547]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sthenaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emmae">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FC4C24E6FBB95B23" box="[923,1127,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Sthenaster emmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based primarily on gut contents of the
<typeStatus id="54BC8832FF99D564FE912702FE755B07" box="[326,427,1557,1583]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, which included spicules from
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FCDB2702FBA05B07" authority="(Verrill 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[780,1150,1557,1583]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eunicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FCDB2702FC025B07" box="[780,988,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Eunicella modesta</emphasis>
(Verrill 1883)
</taxonomicName>
as well as unclear video. Video observations captured one small individual on a denuded stalk projecting from dead
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FB5D272EFB305B7B" box="[1162,1262,1593,1619]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FB5D272EFB305B7B" box="[1162,1262,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Lophelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other imagery captured
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FF99D564FF28274AFEAB5B5F" authorityName="Mah, Nizinski &amp; Lundsten" authorityYear="2010" box="[255,373,1629,1655]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sthenaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF28274AFEAB5B5F" box="[255,373,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Sthenaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a swollen disk possibly hunched over an unidentified prey item.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D564FF4027B2FEB05BCB" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF4027B2FEB05BCB" blockId="36.[151,1437,1700,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF4027B2FEFD5B97" box="[151,291,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Occurrence:</emphasis>
Savannah Banks and off the coast of Jacksonville, FL,
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FC5D27B3FF015BCB" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Central Plateau Scarp and Richardsons Jellyfish,</emphasis>
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252
<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FEC827DEFEB75BCB" bold="true" box="[287,361,1737,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
<specimenCount id="9D01FD19FF99D564FEC827DEFEB75BCB" box="[287,361,1737,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="generic">874 m</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFF99D565FF402605FCC65DD3" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="36" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="B973EA82FF99D564FF402605FE815A03" box="[151,351,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">Images Examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF102622FE815A5C" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
Central Plateau Scarp,
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,
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,
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, EX1903L2_IMG_20190629T165108Z_ROVHD.jpg (small individual)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF10266AFCF65ABF" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" box="[199,808,1916,1943]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
Central Plateau Scarp,
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,
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,
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,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF1026B6FC545A94" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" box="[199,906,1953,1980]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">EX1903L2_IMG_20190629T184639Z_ROVHD.jpg (swollen)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF99D564FF1026D2FCC35AF7" blockId="36.[151,1436,1809,2015]" box="[199,797,1989,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="237">
Central Plateau scarp,
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,
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,
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF98D565FF10218EFC545D9C" blockId="37.[199,906,153,251]" box="[199,906,153,180]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">EX1903L2_IMG_20190629T173638Z_ROVHD.jpg (swollen)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF98D565FF1021AAFCF05DFF" blockId="37.[199,906,153,251]" box="[199,814,188,215]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
Richardsons Jellyfish,
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF98D565FE1A21AAFD995DFF" box="[461,583,189,215]" degrees="30.924993" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" precision="1" value="30.924994">30.924993</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FF98D565FD8521ABFD085DFF" box="[594,726,188,215]" degrees="78.089565" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" precision="1" value="-78.08956">-78.089565</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FF98D565FD3621ABFCF45DFF" box="[737,810,188,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="865.0">865 m</quantity>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB83690FF98D565FF1021F6FCC65DD3" blockId="37.[199,906,153,251]" box="[199,792,225,251]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
EX1903L2_IMG_20190701T
<date id="FFB91050FF98D565FDC021F6FDB45DD3" box="[535,618,225,251]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" value="14-02-18">180214</date>
Z_ROVHD.jpg
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>