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<document id="F10F30B414CB4E484FFB9EBC4CD9CFEC" ID-CLB-Dataset="22142" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.312" ID-GBIF-Dataset="561d2129-c2be-4670-9aa7-96e948247157" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827336" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589469117322" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Groeninckx, Inge, Janssens, Steven, Smets, Erik &amp; Verstraete, Brecht" docDate="2017" docId="039E3C565A27FF8E9D7A0183E18C095F" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-312.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 312" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astiella confusa Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFA7442E5A2DFF829F45044FE5770F45" masterDocTitle="Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698839704049" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="19C1277E6B9D87DEAF9CAB2B0C42A3FF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C2FF344AC7CC351B4783EAEE9013BA8A">
<mods:title id="E9BBABEB22EC53A75E48F5B16FCBA511">Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B6BC980EE4FED88DB562A546F7C0D7D4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DC2A1829075DD9F8B8710A5B0B9DE7F7">Groeninckx, Inge</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F556A99D70C181FCAE4F952D77CA1161">Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P. O. Box 2435, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. &amp; Email: inge. groeninckx @ kuleuven. be</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C9BEFA39D8E58928EE647AE61AF8E09E" type="email">inge.groeninckx@kuleuven.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B2ECA4930769A8F6E497A2BF7FFFC5A2">Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="15A18364ADB49BD80F23855AE5358C3A">Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. &amp; Email: steven. janssens @ botanicgardenmeise. be</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DEDE6ABF1E25FA4F48C52F5428345C7B" type="email">steven.janssens@botanicgardenmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1FCE4F75FD02B68A9FDBECEB31A2F4EC">Smets, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D2AADD5B03A28EE0AF4BDC0E7194B693">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Email: erik. smets @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8C4BFF7266F539BDDF522FB2A45E622B" type="email">erik.smets@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="07B259E64EDA572F3019160A7AF6A06A">Verstraete, Brecht</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="54E2AA82A53D17EB2D7B149804AFCD9D">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83 S, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Corresponding author: brecht. verstraete @ snm. ku. dk</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="49288FE5181F812FDF3ABD9415084D96" type="email">brecht.verstraete@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="927E21485D08512620143F96BE9C7B52">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="17D5416657A40482CCF490092AF6CBC9">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="621A3F97E158533FA5DBD4B20F9B286E">2017-04-25</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3DD192CDCE23E900B06F27989E54C9D3" type="Zenodo-Dep">3827336</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E3C565A27FF8E9D7A0183E18C095F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846894" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164151060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E3C565A27FF8E9D7A0183E18C095F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E3C565A27FF8E9D7A0183E18C095F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A27FF889D7A0183E6820AA2" box="[575,1013,1484,1511]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A27FF889D7A0183E6820AA2" blockId="10.[463,1124,1484,1581]" box="[575,1013,1484,1511]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A27FF889D7A0183E6820AA2" box="[575,1013,1484,1511]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A27FF889D7A0183E6E40AA2" ID-CoL="8WRJC" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[575,915,1484,1511]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A27FF889D7A0183E6760AA3" bold="true" box="[575,769,1484,1511]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Astiella confusa</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A27FF889CDE0182E6820AA2" box="[923,1013,1485,1511]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A27FF889E8A01BFE6200968" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A27FF889E8A01BFE113094E" blockId="10.[463,1124,1484,1581]" box="[463,1124,1520,1547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77161715-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A27FF889D98025CE6200968" blockId="10.[463,1124,1484,1581]" box="[733,855,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A27FF889D98025CE64C0968" box="[733,827,1555,1581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,272,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1317,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution maps. A. Astiella antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov. B. A. antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov. C. A. confusa Groeninckx sp. nov. D. A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov. E. A. delicatula Jovet. F. A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov. G. A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. H. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. I. A. longifimbria Groeninckx sp. nov. J. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. K. A. pulla Groeninckx sp. nov. L. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A27FF889C0D025CE6200968" box="[840,855,1555,1581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[297,1286,265,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[297,1290,265,1890]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Astiella confusa Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open brevistylous flower. D. Ovary dissected to show placentation. E. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from Humbert 20713 (BR)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827349/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A27FF889FF8021BE774080B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A27FF889FF8021BE441092B" blockId="10.[189,310,1620,1646]" box="[189,310,1620,1646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A27FF889FF8021BE441092B" bold="true" box="[189,310,1620,1646]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A27FF889FF8021BE441092B" bold="true" box="[189,310,1620,1646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A27FF889FF802CCE774080B" blockId="10.[189,1399,1667,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A27FF889FF802CCE40C09D8" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,379,1667,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A27FF889FF802CCE40C09D8" box="[189,379,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Astiella confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A27FF889EC102CBE4A809DB" box="[388,479,1668,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A27FF889D2302CCE65209D8" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[614,805,1667,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsaratanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A27FF889D2302CCE65209D8" box="[614,805,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. tsaratanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A27FF889C6B02CBE6FE09DB" box="[814,905,1668,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having few ovules per locule, broadly depressed obovoid capsules crowned with the persistent calyx lobes, and black seeds that are elliptic in outline and have a ventral groove, but differs in its erect habit (vs scrambling or prostrate), the much shorter corolla tube (
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A27FF889EF202A3E73D0842" box="[439,586,1772,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
vs
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A27FF889D3002A2E67D0842" box="[629,778,1772,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="7.15" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="4.8">4.8–9.5 mm</quantity>
long), the tricolporate pollen (vs 7- to 8-colporate), and the reticulate seed coat surface with favulariate microsculpturing (vs an alveolate seed surface with rugulose microsculpturing).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A27FF889FF8033AE68C08A4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A27FF889FF8033AE43308CA" blockId="10.[189,324,1909,1935]" box="[189,324,1909,1935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A27FF889FF8033AE43308CA" bold="true" box="[189,324,1909,1935]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A27FF889FF8033AE43308CA" bold="true" box="[189,324,1909,1935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A27FF889FF803ECE68C08A4" blockId="10.[189,1398,1955,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The specific epithet is the feminine participle of the Latin verb ‘
<emphasis id="B94351525A27FF889CFC03ECE15108F8" box="[953,1062,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">confundo</emphasis>
’, meaning ‘to confuse’, and refers to the fact that this species has been confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A27FF889C1A0388E68308A5" box="[863,1012,1990,2017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="delicatula">
<emphasis id="B94351525A27FF889C1A0388E68308A5" box="[863,1012,1990,2017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. delicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF48DDC85A26FF899FF803C9E4C808A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827349/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1926,1952]" targetBox="[297,1286,265,1888]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A26FF899FF803C9E4C808A2" blockId="11.[189,1400,1926,2023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B94351525A26FF899FF803C9E47908E5" bold="true" box="[189,270,1926,1952]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A26FF899E5D03C8E71A08E5" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[280,621,1926,1953]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A26FF899E5D03C8E4AF08E4" box="[280,472,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Astiella confusa</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A26FF899D3D03C8E7A408E4" box="[632,723,1927,1953]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A26FF899D9803C9E78508E5" bold="true" box="[733,754,1926,1952]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. Habit.
<emphasis id="B94351525A26FF899C1203C8E61C08E4" bold="true" box="[855,875,1927,1953]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
. Brevistylous flower.
<emphasis id="B94351525A26FF899B3203C9E1FB08E5" bold="true" box="[1143,1164,1926,1952]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
. Open brevistylous flower.
<emphasis id="B94351525A26FF899E5203E5E45B0881" bold="true" box="[279,300,1962,1988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
. Ovary dissected to show placentation.
<emphasis id="B94351525A26FF899C4903E5E6570881" bold="true" box="[780,800,1962,1988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from
<emphasis id="B94351525A26FF899FF80382E40108A2" box="[189,374,1997,2023]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A26FF899FF80382E45208A2" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[189,293,1997,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
20713
</emphasis>
(BR).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A21FF8E9FF80544E1400EDF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF80544E58D0E60" blockId="12.[189,250,267,293]" box="[189,250,267,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A21FF8E9FF80544E58D0E60" bold="true" box="[189,250,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A21FF8E9FF80544E58D0E60" bold="true" box="[189,250,267,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="548C33E25A21FF8E9FF80544E58D0E60" box="[189,250,267,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF80575E1400EDF" blockId="12.[189,1398,313,410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A21FF8E9FF80575E4E10E11" box="[189,406,314,340]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A21FF8E9EDA0576E7100E16" box="[415,615,313,339]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Toliara province</collectingRegion>
, Anosy region, Taolanaro district. Bassin de la Manampanihy (sud est), mont Vohimavo au nord d’Ampasimena, rochers du sommet, forêt ombrophile sur argiles latériques et granite,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9E7F05CFE4F10EDF" box="[314,390,384,410]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="830.0">830 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A21FF8E9ED705CFE7160EDF" box="[402,609,384,410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1947-03-27" valueMax="1947-03-28" valueMin="1947-03-27">27–28 Mar. 1947</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A21FF8E9D2805CFE6510EDF" box="[621,806,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A21FF8E9D2805CFE7A20EDF" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[621,725,384,410]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
20713
</emphasis>
(holo-:
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A21FF8E9CC005CFE6C70EDF" box="[901,944,384,410]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">BR</collectionCode>
; iso-:
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A21FF8E9CB205CFE15C0EDF" box="[1015,1067,384,410]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A21FF8E9FF8058EE7F90B25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF8058EE4390E9E" blockId="12.[189,334,449,475]" box="[189,334,449,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A21FF8E9FF8058EE4390E9E" bold="true" box="[189,334,449,475]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A21FF8E9FF8058EE4390E9E" bold="true" box="[189,334,449,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF805BFE7F90B25" blockId="12.[189,1399,496,1120]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Herb, up to
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9E0B05BFE4EE0D4F" box="[334,409,496,522]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
tall; stems quadrangular in cross section, glabrous. Stipule base
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9BE505BFE0450D4F" box="[1184,1330,496,523]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, pubescent; fimbriae usually bifid,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9D1C065CE79A0D68" box="[601,749,531,557]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.2 mm</quantity>
long, colleter-tipped. Leaves sessile; blades narrowly elliptic, 2.5–20 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9ECD0679E76D0D14" box="[392,538,566,593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–4.2mm</quantity>
, glabrous or scabrate, darker green above, paler green below; base attenuate; apex acute; margin revolute when dry; midvein prominent or invisible above, always prominent below; secondary veins invisible or 1–2 on each side of the midvein; intersecondaries invisible. Inflorescences terminal, compound dichasia, several-flowered; peduncle
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9C2806EFE6950DFF" box="[877,994,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="0.0">0–12 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous. Pedicels (0.7–)
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9A1C06EFE46D0D98" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="3.0">3– 9.5 mm</quantity>
long, scabrate. Flowers probably heterostylous (only flowers with anthers exserted and style included were observed). Calyx green; tube reduced; lobes 4, triangular, 0.7–1 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9B3506A9E0710C44" box="[1136,1286,742,769]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
, glabrous to scabrate. Corolla white; tube funnel-shaped,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9DA40746E6070C61" box="[737,880,777,804]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous outside and pubescent inside; lobes 4, ovate, 1.5–1.6 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9EA90762E71C0C02" box="[492,619,813,839]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
, glabrous. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla lobes and exserted for ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9E35071FE4C30C2F" box="[368,436,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat. Anthers ellipsoid,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9C86071FE14A0C2F" box="[963,1085,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
long; filaments dorsifixed,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9FF8073CE4390CC8" box="[189,334,883,909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.7 mm</quantity>
long. Pollen tricolporate. Ovary 2-locular, broadly obovoid to broadly depressed obovoid, 0.5–0.7 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9E0607D9E4B50CF4" box="[323,450,918,945]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 mm</quantity>
, glabrous; placenta attached near the middle of the septum, stalked, globose, bearing few (3–4) ovules per locule. Style
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9DFC07F6E63E0C91" box="[697,841,953,980]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.3 mm</quantity>
long, included, glabrous; stigma bilobed, lobes
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9FF80792E4240CB2" box="[189,339,989,1015]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
long, papillate to hirtellous. Capsules broadly depressed obovoid, well-developed beak, 1.2–1.4 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9E70004FE4BC0B5F" box="[309,459,1024,1050]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.7 mm</quantity>
, crowned with the persistent calyx lobes, glabrous, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds few (2–3), elliptic in outline, ventral groove present, 0.8–1 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9CF5006CE13E0B78" box="[944,1097,1059,1085]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
, black; seed coat surface reticulate, microsculpturing favulariate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A21FF8E9FF800C8E6950B95" box="[189,994,1159,1232]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF800C8E4210BE4" blockId="12.[189,342,1159,1185]" box="[189,342,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A21FF8E9FF800C8E4210BE4" bold="true" box="[189,342,1159,1185]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A21FF8E9FF800C8E4210BE4" bold="true" box="[189,342,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF800F9E6950B95" blockId="12.[189,994,1206,1232]" box="[189,994,1206,1232]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
SE
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A21FF8E9FA200F9E40E0B95" box="[231,377,1206,1232]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A21FF8E9EC600F9E73B0B95" box="[387,588,1206,1232]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Toliara province</collectingRegion>
, Anosy region, Taolanaro district.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A21FF8E9FF800B8E6D20A05" box="[189,933,1271,1345]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF800B8E46A0A54" blockId="12.[189,285,1271,1297]" box="[189,285,1271,1297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A21FF8E9FF800B8E46A0A54" bold="true" box="[189,285,1271,1297]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A21FF8E9FF800B8E46A0A54" bold="true" box="[189,285,1271,1297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF80169E6D20A05" blockId="12.[189,933,1318,1345]" box="[189,933,1318,1345]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Humid forest; laterite and granite substrate; at
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A21FF8E9DA50169E65D0A04" box="[736,810,1318,1345]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="830.0">830 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A21FF8E9FF80128E18C095F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF80128E4C20AC7" blockId="12.[189,437,1383,1410]" box="[189,437,1383,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A21FF8E9FF80128E4C20AC7" bold="true" box="[189,437,1383,1410]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A21FF8E9FF80128E4C20AC7" bold="true" box="[189,437,1383,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Conservation status</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A21FF8E9FF801D8E18C095F" blockId="12.[189,1399,1430,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Known from only one locality. Given its apparent rarity and following the recommendation of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F0B15A21FF8E9FF801F6E4910A91" author="Callmander M. W. &amp; Schatz G. E. &amp; Lowry P. P." box="[189,486,1465,1492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1047 - 1050" refId="ref18813" refString="Callmander M. W., Schatz G. E. &amp; Lowry P. P. 2005. IUCN Red List assessment and the global strategy for plant conservation: taxonomists must act now. Taxon 54: 1047 - 1050." type="journal article" year="2005">
Callmander
<emphasis id="B94351525A21FF8E9E1401F5E4F90A96" box="[337,398,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
to avoid the Data Deficient category, we consider the species as vulnerable (VU D2) based on its restricted area of occupancy (D2) and the high human pressure present in the entire area resulting in a general decline of suitable habitats (humid forest) for the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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